DOCSLIB.ORG

Misuse of the Internet for the Recruitment of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Misuse of the Internet for the Recruitment of Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings Misuse of the Internet for the recruitment COUNCIL CONSEIL OF EUROPE DE L’EUROPE of victims of trafficking in human beings Seminar proceedings Strasbourg, 7-8 June 2007 Council of Europe campaign to combat trafficking in human beings L’usage abusif d’Internet pour le recrutement des victimes de la traite des êtres humains Actes du séminaire 100 Strasbourg, 7-8 juin 2007 95 75 Campagne du Conseil de l’Europe 25 sur la lutte contre la traite des êtres humains 5 0 EG-THB-INT (2007) Actes Misuse of the Internet for the recruitment of victims of trafficking in human beings Proceedings of the seminar, Strasbourg, 7-8 June 2007 Organised by the Gender Equality and Anti-Trafficking Division Directorate General of Human Rights and Legal Affairs Financed by a voluntary contribution from Monaco Usage abusif d’internet pour le recrutement des victimes de la traite des êtres humains Actes du Séminaire Strasbourg, 7-8 juin 2007 Organisé par la Division pour l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes et la lutte contre la traite Direction générale des droits de l’Homme et des affaires juridiques Financé par une contribution volontaire de Monaco Directorate General of Human Rights and Legal Affairs Direction générale des droits de l’Homme et des affaires juridiques Strasbourg, 2007 Gender Equality and Anti-Trafficking Division Directorate General of Human Rights and Legal Affairs Council of Europe F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex © Council of Europe, 2007 Printed at the Council of Europe The Council of Europe The Council of Europe is a political organisation which was tries of central and eastern Europe and supported them in their founded on 5 May 1949 by ten European countries in order to efforts to implement and consolidate their political, legal and promote greater unity between its members. It now numbers administrative reforms. 1 forty-seven European states . The Council of Europe has its permanent headquarters in The main aims of the organisation are to promote democ- Strasbourg (France). By Statute, it has two constituent organs: the racy, human rights and the rule of law, and to develop common Committee of Ministers, composed of the foreign ministers of the responses to political, social, cultural and legal challenges in its 47 member states, and the Parliamentary Assembly, comprising member states. Since 1989 it has integrated most of the coun- delegations from the 47 national parliaments. The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe repre- 1. Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, sents the entities of local and regional self-government within Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ice- the member states. land, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The European Court of Human Rights is the judicial body com- Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, petent to adjudicate complaints brought against a state by indi- Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, "the former Yugo- viduals, associations or other contracting states on grounds of slav Republic of Macedonia", Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom violation of the European Convention on Human Rights. Anti-trafficking activities of the Council of Europe Trafficking in human beings constitutes a violation of human Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe member rights and is an offence to the dignity and the integrity of the states. human being. The Council of Europe, whose principal vocation is This new Convention, the first European treaty in this field, is a the safeguard and promotion of human rights, has been active in comprehensive treaty focusing mainly on the protection of the fight against trafficking in human beings since the late 1980s. victims of trafficking and the safeguarding of their rights. It also aims to prevent trafficking and to prosecute traffickers. In addi- The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Traffick- tion, the Convention provides for the setting up of an effective ing in Human Beings [CETS No.197] was adopted by the Commit- and independent monitoring mechanism capable of controlling tee of Ministers on 3 May 2005 and opened for signature in the implementation of the obligations contained in the Conven- Warsaw on 16 May 2005, on the occasion of the Third Summit of tion. For further information on the Council of Europe's activities to combat trafficking in human beings please consult our website: www.coe.int/trafficking Gender Equality and Anti-Trafficking Division Directorate General of Human Rights and Legal Affairs Council of Europe F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex Tel. +33 3 88 41 32 31 Email: [email protected] 3 Le Conseil de l’Europe Le Conseil de l’Europe est une organisation politique qui a été Depuis 1989, il a intégré la plupart des pays d’Europe centrale et créée le 5 mai 1949 par dix États européens dans le but de réaliser orientale et les soutient dans leurs efforts pour mettre en œuvre une union plus étroite entre ses membres. Il compte aujourd’hui et consolider leurs réformes politiques, législatives et administra- 47 États membres1. tives. Les principaux objectifs de l’Organisation sont de promouvoir Le siège permanent du Conseil de l’Europe est à Strasbourg la démocratie, les droits de l’homme et la prééminence du droit, (France). Le statut de l’Organisation prévoit deux organes consti- ainsi que de rechercher des solutions communes aux problèmes tutifs: le Comité des Ministres, composé des ministres des Affaires politiques, sociaux, culturels et juridiques de ses États membres. étrangères des 47 États membres et l’Assemblée parlementaire, formée de délégations des 47 parlements nationaux. Le Congrès 1. Albanie, Andorre, Arménie, Autriche, Azerbaïdjan, Belgique, Bosnie- des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux du Conseil de l’Europe repré- Herzégovine, Bulgarie, Croatie, Chypre, République Tchèque, Dane- sente les collectivités territoriales dans les États membres. mark, Estonie, Finlande, France, Géorgie, Allemagne, Grèce, Hongrie, La Cour européenne des Droits de l’Homme est l’instance judi- Islande, Irlande, Italie, Lettonie, Liechtenstein, Lituanie, Luxem- ciaire compétente pour statuer sur les requêtes introduites contre bourg, Malte, Moldova, Monaco, Monténégro, Pays-Bas, Norvège, Pologne, Portugal, Roumanie, Fédération de Russie, Saint-Marin, un État par des particuliers, des associations ou d’autres États Serbie, Slovaquie, Slovénie, Espagne, Suède, Suisse, «l’ex-République contractants pour violation de la Convention européenne des yougoslave de Macédoine», Turquie, Ukraine, Royaume-Uni. Droits de l’Homme. Les activités du Conseil de l'Europe pour combattre la traite des êtres humains La traite constitue une violation des droits de la personne Varsovie le 16 mai 2005 à l'occasion du Troisième Sommet des humaine et une atteinte à la dignité et à l’intégrité de l’être Chefs d'Etat et de Gouvernement du Conseil de l’Europe. humain. Le Conseil de l’Europe, dont la mission principale est la Cette nouvelle Convention, premier traité européen dans ce sauvegarde et la promotion de ces droits, est actif dans la lutte domaine, est un traité global axé essentiellement sur la protection contre la traite des êtres humains depuis la fin des années 80. des victimes de la traite et la sauvegarde de leurs droits. Elle vise également la prévention de la traite ainsi que la poursuite des tra- La Convention du Conseil de l'Europe sur la lutte contre la fiquants. En outre, la Convention prévoit la mise en place d’un traite des êtres humains [STCE N° 197] a été adoptée par le mécanisme de suivi efficace et indépendant apte à contrôler la Comité des Ministres le 3 mai 2005 et ouverte à la signature à mise en œuvre des obligations qu’elle contient. Pour plus d’informations sur les activités du Conseil de l'Europe pour combattre la traite des êtres humains, consultez notre site web : www.coe.int/trafficking/fr Division pour l'égalité entre les femmes et les hommes et la lutte contre la traite Direction générale des droits de l’Homme et des affaires juridiques Conseil de l'Europe F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex Tel. +33 3 88 41 32 31 Email: [email protected] 4 Contents Introduction . 7 The role of civil society in preventing and combating Opening of the Seminar . 9 this misuse of the internet for the recruitment of victims of trafficking in human beings . .29 Ms Maud de Boer-Buquicchio, Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe . 9 Le rôle de la société civile dans la prévention et la lutte contre l’usage abusif d’Internet pour le recrutement des Mme Claudette Gastaud, Ambassadrice extraordinaire victimes de la traite des êtres humains . .29 et plénipotentiaire, Représentante permanente de Monaco auprès du Conseil de l’Europe . 10 M. Jean-Philippe Noat, Directeur technique, Action Innocence, Monaco . 29 The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Ms Isabella Orfano, Transnational Officer, Associazione On Trafficking in Human Beings . 13 the Road Italy . 31 Ms Marta Requena, Head of Gender Equality and Anti- Ms Klara Skrivankova, Trafficking Programme Coordinator, trafficking Division, Directorate General of Human Anti-Slavery International, United Kingdom . 34 Rights and Legal Affairs, Council of Europe . 13 Ms Joanna Garnier, Prevention Campaign Manager, La Means used for the recruitment of victims of Strada Foundation, Poland . 36 trafficking in human beings through Legal, administrative and technical measures to the internet . 17 combat the recruitment of victims of trafficking in human beings through the internet . .39 Main trends of the Council of Europe Report on the misuse of the Internet for the recruitment of victims of Legal and administrative measures . .39 trafficking in human beings . 17 Ms Athanassia P. Sykiotou, Lecturer in Criminology, Faculty Ms Athanassia P. Sykiotou, Lecturer in Criminology, Faculty of Law, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kön Och Makt Inom Prostitution Och
    4&94`-+&3 ,e/0$).",5*/0.13045*565*0/ 0$)103/0(3"'* 0NNFEJFCFWBLOJOHFOPDIIVSHFOVTGPSTLOJOHFOLBOCJESBHB 3BQQPSUGSlO/PSEJTLKPVSOBMJTULVST OPW 5BMMJOO &TUMBOE Innhold: Innledning 3 Eva-Maria Svensson Sex säljer – ett globalt problem 5 May-Len Skilbrei Prostitusjonslovgivning i Danmark, Norge og Sverige 17 Sven-Axel Månsson Mäns könsköp – en meningsbärande handling på fl era nivåer 25 Christina Wahldén Om boken Till salu 41 Anett e Dina Sørensen Dagbladers behandling av prostitusjon 45 Kristiina Luht Att itudes towards prostitution in Estonia 59 Katri Eespere Clients of prostitution: motives and att itudes 65 Anne-Maria Martt ila Finnish Men Buying Sex in Finland and Estonia 69 Marjut Jyrkinen Commercialising Bodies, Sex and Sexualities 79 Anett e Dina Sørensen ”Porn chic” tendensen i massekulturen 95 Forfatt eroversikt 101 Kjønnsforskning som kunnskapsbidrag til journalistikken 3 Kjønnsforskning som kunnskapsbidrag til journalistikken I løpet av et fem dagers kurs i november 2005 møtt e 24 journalister nordiske forskere som har analysert kjønns- og maktrelasjonene innen prostitusjon, traffi cking og pornografi . Journalistkurset ble holdt i Tallinn i Estland og var arrangert av NIKK – Nordisk institutt for kvinne- og kjønnsforskning og Nordisk Journalistcenter i samarbeid med det svenske Nationella sekretariatet for genusforskning. Det nordiske kurset var ett er modell av kjønns- og maktperspektivet oft e fraværende. lignende kurs om forskjellige tema innenfor Her kan kjønnsforskningen bidra med et kjønnsforskningen som er blitt arrangert for analyseverktøy som kan øke kvaliteten på journalister i Sverige. Journalistkurset i Tallinn journalistikken. var også en videreføring av NIKKs satsing på Til kurset var det hentet inn noen formidling av forskningen om prostitusjon av Nordens fremste kjønnsforskere for å og traffi cking, et forskningsfelt som har økt presentere aktuelle forskningsresultater og sterkt de siste par årene.
    [Show full text]
  • Legalized Prostitution in Finland from the Perspective of the Victims of Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation and Implement
    TALLINN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY School of Business and Governance Department of Law Iina-Mari Laine LEGALIZED PROSTITUTION IN FINLAND FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING FOR SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DIRECTIVE 2011/36/EU TO FINNISH CRIMINAL CODE Bachelor Thesis Programme HAJB08/12, European Union and International Law Supervisor: Jenna Uusitalo, MA Tallinn 2018 I declare that I have compiled the paper independently and all works, important standpoints and data by other authors have been properly referenced and the same paper has not been previously been presented for grading. The document length is 14983 words from the introduction to the end of summary. Iina-Mari Laine ……………………………………………………………. (signature, date) Student code: 122763HAJB Student e-mail address: [email protected] Supervisor: Jenna Uusitalo, MA The paper conforms to requirements in force ……………………………………………………………. (signature, date) Chairman of the Defence Committee: / to be added only for graduation theses / Permitted to the defence ……………………………………………………………. (name, signature, date) TABLE OF CONTENT Abbreviations ABSTRACT Keywords INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………................... 6 1. THE OVERVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LEGAL FRAME WORK OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING………………………………………...... 9 2. THE FINNISH NATIONAL LAW……………………………………………………. 12 2.1. General Idea of Human Trafficking and Sex Trafficking …………………………… 12 2.2. The History of Finnish Criminal Code concerning Trafficking in Human Beings …………………………………………………………………………. 14 2.3. Directive 2011/36/EU and Finnish National Legislation ……………………………. 17 3. ANALYSIS OF THE CRIMINAL CODE RELATED TO TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS ……………………………………………………………………. 19 3.1 Analyzing legal prostitution in Finland and its problems relation to Trafficking in Human Beings ………………………………………………….................. 24 3.2. Analyzing the Recognition of the Victims of Human Trafficking ………….……….
    [Show full text]
  • Stjórnmálafræðideild
    Stjórnmálafræðideild MA-ritgerð í alþjóðasamskiptum Combating Human Trafficking and Prostitution State Mechanism and Civil Society In a Nordic Context Katrín Hauksdóttir Júní 2010 Stjórnmálafræðideild MA-ritgerð í alþjóðasamskiptum Combating Human Trafficking and Prostitution State Mechanism and Civil Society In a Nordic Context Katrín Hauksdóttir Júní 2010 Advisor: Þorgerður Einarsdóttir Student: Katrín Hauksdóttir 160573-5899 3 Abstract The topic of this thesis is human trafficking and prostitution and the Nordic countries in their efforts of combating the situation. The hypothesis is that the Nordic countries are role models when it comes to combating human trafficking and prostitution, considering they focus on gender inequality. Two research questions are posed. The first one is whether feminist influence is effective when it comes to policy frameworks. The assumption is that feminist influence is effective, specifically when looking at the Nordic countries, as they are gender egalitarian nations that have the advantage of having strong feminist lobbies within society. The second question is whether the Nordic countries and their NGOs act as norm entrepreneurs in combating human trafficking and prostitution. The assumption is that the Nordic countries are norm entrepreneurs as they have influenced each other and other nations to conform to their norms and values. The same goes with NGOs within society as some of the Nordic countries have NGOs that are strong in feminist values and lobbyism. The special focus is thus on the Nordic countries, as each will be discussed and compared in their efforts in combating human trafficking and sexual exploitation. 4 Preface This thesis is the final assignment for a Masters of Arts degree in International Relations at the University of Iceland and is the equivalent of 30 credits.
    [Show full text]
  • Unge, Køn Og Pornografi I Norden. Mediestudier
    Unge, køn og pornografi i Norden. Mediestudier TemaNord 2006:544 Unge, køn og pornografi i Norden – Mediestudier TemaNord 2006:544 © Nordisk Ministerråd, København 2007 ISBN 92-893-1353-6 Trykk: Arco Grafisk A/S, Skive 2007 Omslag: Gaute Hauglid-Formo, Bergfald & Co Opplag: 500 Trykt på miljøvennlig papir som oppfyller kravene i den nordiske miljøsvanemerkeordning. Publikasjonen kan bestilles på www.norden.org/order. Flere publikasjoner på www.norden.org/publikationer Printed in Denmark Nordisk Ministerråd Nordisk Råd Store Strandstræde 18 Store Strandstræde 18 DK-1255 København K DK-1255 København K Telefon (+45) 3396 0200 Telefon (+45) 3396 0400 Fax (+45) 3396 0202 Fax (+45) 3311 1870 www.norden.org Det nordiske samarbeid Det nordiske samarbeid er en av verdens mest omfattende regionale samarbeidsformer. Samarbeidet omfatter Danmark, Finland, Island, Norge og Sverige, samt de selvstyrende områdene Færøyene, Grønland og Åland. Det nordiske samarbeid er både politisk, økonomisk og kulturelt forankret, og er en viktig medspiller i det europeiske og internasjonale samarbeid. Det nordiske fellesskap arbeider for et sterkt Norden i et sterkt Europa. Det nordiske samarbeid ønsker å styrke nordiske og regionale interesser og verdier i en global om- verden. Felles verdier landene imellom er med til å styrke Nordens posisjon som en av verdens mest innovative og konkurransekraftige regioner. Forord I de senere år er pornografien blevet stadig mere synlig i den nordiske massekultur. Fænomenet kaldes sædvanligvis for pornofisering eller sek- sualisering af det offentlige rum. Det har skabt heftig debat i hele Norden og ikke mindst bekymring for hvilken indflydelse den øgede – og ikke altid frivillige – eksponeringen for pornografi har på børn og unge.
    [Show full text]
  • Prostitution and Health in Finland
    Regushevskaya Elena (ed.) Prostitution and Health in Finland DISCUSSION PAPER DISCUSSION 5 | 2017 DISCUSSION PAPER 5/2017 Regushevskaya Elena (ed.) Prostitution and Health in Finland Elena Regushevskaya in collaboration with Elina Haavio-Mannila, Tuija Tuormaa and Elina Hemminki © Authors and National Institute for Health and Welfare ISBN 978-952-302-821-0 (online publication) ISSN 2323-363X (online publication) http://urn:fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-302-821-0 Helsinki, Finland 2017 Foreword Prostitution is related to various negative health consequences. The harms of prostitution to health and health care include physical abuse, psychological and sexual abuse 1-6, spreading sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 1,2,7-16 and HIV and violation of victim’s rights. The most common type of prostitution is a man buying sex from women. In Finland a considerable change in prostitution occurred in the beginning of the 1990s after opening borders for its southern EU neighbour Estonia and a growing supply of sex workers from the politically and economically unstable Russia 17. These cause sexual services, especially in border cities, easy and accessible for Finnish men. Studies on customers’ health perception and risk awareness are limited. We do not know whether health issues are concerns for prostitutes and their customers. Also in Finland the information on those who buy sex services is limited. Previous studies have been on the transnational nature of prostitution and sex buyers’ attitudes to prostitution 18-20. In spite of the growing literature on prostitution customers, the gap in research is due to difficulties in accessing customers, to social stigma for using sex services, and to the overall hidden nature of prostitution 21,22,23 .
    [Show full text]
  • Finnish Professional Criminals and Their Organisations in the 1990S Cross-Border Criminality
    European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI) P.O. Box 444 FIN-00531 Helsinki Finland Publication Series No. 47 Adventurers and Risk-Takers: Finnish professional criminals and their organisations in the 1990s cross-border criminality Mika Junninen Helsinki 2006 Copies can be purchased from: Academic Bookstore Criminal Justice Press P.O.Box 128 P.O.Box 249 FIN-000101 Helsinki Monsey, NY 10952 Finland USA Website: http://www.akateeminen.com Website: http://www.criminaljusticepress.com ISBN 952-5333-25-6 ISSN 1237-4741 Printed by Hakapaino Oy, Helsinki, Finland Acknowledgements This book was written during my stay in several institutes: National Research Institute of Legal Policy (Helsinki), Instituto di Criminologia (University of Teramo), TRANSCRIME (University of Trento), Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra), Institute of Criminology (Sydney University), United Nations Office for Drugs and Crime (Vienna) and European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, Affiliated with the United Nations (Helsinki). I wish to express my gratitude to these institutes and the members of their staff. The main funding for this study is provided by the European Union, through the University of Teramo and University of Trento (International PhD in Criminology, XV cycle). Additional funding was received from the National Research Institute of Legal Policy, HEUNI, the Academy of Finland, the Ministry of Interior/Police Department, and the Scandinavian Research Council for Criminology. Thank you for believing in this project. Most of all, I wish to thank the interviewed offenders who were willing to talk about their lives. In Finland, I extend my gratitude to Kauko Aromaa who lent his criminological experience, personal support and language skills to my assistance whenever they were needed.
    [Show full text]
  • An Unholy Union? Eugenic Feminism in the Nordic Countries, Ca. 1890-1940
    An Unholy Union? Eugenic Feminism in the Nordic Countries, ca. 1890-1940 Merle Weßel An Unholy Union? Eugenic Feminism in the Nordic Countries, ca.1890-1940 Merle Weßel Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by due permission of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Helsinki, in lecture hall 13 on 28 March 2018 at 12 o’clock noon. ISBN 978-951-51-4103-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-951-51-4104-0 (PDF) http://ethesis.helsinki.fi Unigrafia 2018 Abstract The interest of first-wave feminists into eugenics was widespread internationally but the Nordic countries showed an especially keen engagement with these ideals. This link between eugenics and feminism is a controversial one, since eugenics is often thought to restrict women's reproductive choices, whereas feminism empowers women's reproductive choices. This dissertation examines the engagement of Nordic feminists with eugenic ideals between 1890 and 1940. It investigates prominent feminists and feminist organizations from Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland. I analyse if, and to what extent, Nordic feminists believed eugenics to be an appealing ideology to support their goal of female empowerment This study draws upon theories of the body, intersectionality and biopower to illustrate how eugenic feminists defined, middle class women as valuable, who contributed positively society with their reproductive function as opposed to questionable women from the working class and under class who were unable to contribute to the nation. Using content analysis, this dissertation examines the public writings of eugenic feminists and feminist organizations, such as medical and sexual health advice books, articles, pamphlets, lectures, and magazines.
    [Show full text]
  • Trafficking in Human Beings, Illegal Immigration and Finland
    European Institute for Crime Prevention and Control, affiliated with the United Nations (HEUNI) P.O.Box 157 FIN-00121 Helsinki Finland Publication Series No. 38 Trafficking in Human Beings, Illegal Immigration and Finland Matti Lehti and Kauko Aromaa Helsinki 2002 Copies can be purchased from: Academic Bookstore Criminal Justice Press P.O.Box 128 P.O.Box 249 FIN-00101 Helsinki Monsey, NY 10952 Finland USA ISBN 952-5333-11-6 ISSN 1237-4741 Printed by Helsinki University Press, Helsinki, Finland II Contents Trafficking in human beings, illegal immigration and Finland ................................... 1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 2. The national legislation concerning trafficking in women, prostitution and illegal immigration ............................................................................................................. 2 2.1 The contents of the stipulations........................................................................ 3 2.1.1 The sanctioning of illegal entry ............................................................. 4 2.1.2 Crimes against personal freedom .......................................................... 7 2.1.3 The protection of the right of sexual self-determination and the regulation of prostitution ....................................................................... 10 2.1.4. Foreigner legislation ............................................................................. 17 2.2. The functionality
    [Show full text]
  • Scarlet Exodus a Study of Sex Work in Finland
    Scarlet Exodus A study of sex work in Finland Anna Kontula Translated by Mark Waller Contents Contents Tables and figures Acknowledgements 1. Introduction The early history of prostitution research Prostitution and the great sex wars Sex and social control Sex work research 2. Prostitution in Finland [21] Sex workers Kinds of sex work Client contact The risks of sex work Pimping Legislation 3. Stigma Whore myths Everyday stigmatization A double life Multiple peripheries Demarcations Copyright Anna Kontula 2008 English translation Mark Waller 2011 4. Work Emotional work Setting limits Published as electronic book in 2011 by Professional ethics Cost efficiency Precarity? 5. Sex Into Kustannus To climax or not to climax? Hämeentie 48, 00500 Helsinki, Finland Care giving www.intokustannus.fi The route to sexual independence www.into-ebooks.com Tolerance Explicit rules The whoring urge First published in Finnish as Punainen eksodus – Tutkimus seksityöstä Suomessa in 2008 by 6. Control Force and free choice Client relations Birth of a sex worker Carnivalism Rebellion Like Kustannus Uudenmaankatu 10, 00120 Helsinki, Finland 7. Summary www.like.fi Appendix Empirical material References Cover: Ville Sutinen Bibliography: Unpublished sources and internet sites Published sources ISBN 978-952-264-066-6 (EPUB) Tables and figures Table 1: Radical feminism’s attitude to prostitution Table 2: Estimates of the numbers of prostitutes operating in Finland Table 3: How client contacts are established Table 4: Interviewees’ experience of otherness before starting and during sex work To all sex worker activists throughout the world who dare to believe in universal human rights – Table 5: Constructing a theory within critical realism though there’s still a long way to go.
    [Show full text]
  • Abuse of a Victim of Sex Trade
    13/2014 Abuse of a victim of sex trade Evaluation of the Finnish sex purchase ban 13/2014 Abuse of a victim of sex trade Evaluation of the Finnish sex purchase ban Johanna Niemi and Jussi Aaltonen Ministry of Justice, Finland Helsinki 2014 8.4.2014 Name of Abuse of a victim of sex trade the Publication Evaluation of the Finnish sex purchase ban Author Johanna Niemi & Jussi Aaltonen Publication of the 13/2014 Ministry of Justice Reports and guidelines OSKARI number OM 3/014/2013 ISSN-L 1798-7067 ISSN (PDF) 1798-7067 ISBN (PDF) 78-952-259-361-0 URN URN:ISBN:78-952-259-361-0 Permanent address http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:78-952-259-361-0 Keywords sexual offences, Criminal Code Abstract The report explores the effectiveness of the offence ‘abuse of a victim of sex trade’, (Criminal Code, chapter 20 section 8). Enacted in 2006, this provision prohibits the purchasing of sex from a victim of human trafficking or procuring. It is complemented by section 7 of the Public Order Act, which prohibits the pur- chasing and the offering for sale and selling of sex in a public place. The report also explores the situation in the UK and Sweden. Sweden has had a comprehensive sex purchase ban in place since 1999. Information on the situa- tion in Sweden is available in a report published in 2010 and the annual reports of the National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings. The relevant legisla- tion in the UK as reformed in 2009 closely resembles the Finnish corresponding legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • ESD 4 2021 WEB.Pdf
    a8.90 European D 14974 E Security ESD & Defence 4/2021 International Security and Defence Journal COUNTRY FOCUS: BULGARIA ISSN 1617-7983 • European Field Artillery Technologies www.euro-sd.com • • Swiss Air Force • Fuses and Propellants • Brazilian Navy • Fuel Cells for UAVs April 2021 • 10 Years IRON DOME • Aircraft Carrier Self-Defence Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology The Courage to Meet Tomorrow's Challenges Today IAI draws on innovative solutions and proven technologies to meet today's and tomorrow's challenges. We've been creating exceptional solutions since 1953. IAI offers tailored interconnected and interoperable solutions within and across domains. Leap into the future together with us. www.iai.co.il • [email protected] Editorial ... But the EU Cannot Defend Europe While the appearance of NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the Berlaymont, the headquar- ters of the EU Commission, in December 2020 was still considered 'historic', such personal meetings between the Head of the Alliance and the EU institutions are now becoming routine. On 26 Febru- ary, Stoltenberg met with the President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, and the President of the European Council, Charles Michel, at the Justus Lipsius building, the seat of the European Council, to attend the video conference of the EU heads of state and government. His par- ticipation was more than opportune, as the regular review of the security and defence policy agenda since 2012 was being discussed. Charles Michel began by emphasising that the EU wanted to "act more strategically" and increase its "capacity to act autonomously". At the same time, he said that it wanted to further deepen partnerships, precisely by reviving the dialogue with the Biden administra- tion in Washington on security and defence issues.
    [Show full text]
  • 2004-715 Inlaga
    Nordic Baltic Campaign Against Trafficking inWomen Final report 2002 : Nordic-Baltic Campaign Against Trafficking in Women Final report 2002 ANP 2004:715 © Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2004 ISBN 92-893-0982-2 Print: Scanprint as, Århus 2004 Cover: Kjell Olsson – / Design: C-H. Zakrisson, www.polytype.dk Copies: 1,000 Printed on environmentally friendly paper. Printed in Denmark Nordic Council of Ministers Nordic Council Store Strandstræde 18 Store Strandstræde 18 -1255 Copenhagen K -1255 Copenhagen K Phone (+45) 3396 0200 Phone (+45) 3396 0400 Fax (+45) 3396 0202 Fax (+45) 3311 1870 www.norden.org Nordic co-operation The Nordic Council of Ministers The Nordic Council on gender equality was established in 1971. It submits was formed in 1952 to promote co- The main goal adopted for Nordic proposals on co-operation between operation between the parliaments co-operation on gender equality is the governments of the five Nordic and governments of Denmark, Ice- to promote the further development countries to the Nordic Council, land, Norway and Sweden. Finland of a united Nordic approach to the implements the Council’s recommen- joined in 1955. At the sessions held issue and a common Nordic platform, dations and reports on results, while by the Council, representatives from within the framework of broader directing the work carried out in the the Faroe Islands and Greenland form European and international co- targeted areas. The Prime Ministers part of the Danish delegation, while operation. Co-operation measures of the five Nordic countries assume Åland is represented on the Finnish must make a contribution to the pro- overall responsibility for the co-opera- delegation.
    [Show full text]