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Fall 2013

Maine Action Committee Newsletter, October 2013

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This Newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in General University of Maine Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maine Peace Action Committee STATEMENT OF PURPOSE he Maine Peace Action Committee If we direct our energy and other resources imperialism and proposing alternatives to these (MPAC) was founded in 1974 with a into weapons systems, there is little left for policies. Tspecial focus on ending the in creative solutions to problems such as the world We find we can act effectively if we focus on a Indochina. MPAC has been concerned with our food and fuel shortages which threaten our limited number of specific issues and campaigns. society’s violent and militaristic nature, which is survival. We need projects which can: manifested in a lack of humane and progressive We have seen human needs are neglected by values and a tendency towards solving problems 1. unite people within our group an existing government, and when that govern- via destructive means. 2. provide opportunities for action resulting in ment represses groups attempting to meet those measurable achievement Our general orientation takes the double focus needs, violent upheaval has resulted. Our govern- of analyzing and opposing militarism, or the ment’s military economic support for such repres- 3. link our efforts with national campaigns; and efforts to use nuclear weapons and other military sive regimes has embroiled us in armed conflicts 4. demonstrate the dynamics of militarism and means to solve human problems, and imperialism, which have escalated to full scale war and could imperialism. or the efforts by powerful nations to use economic mean inevitable global destruction. For our activities to be successful, we need to and military means to impose their will upon less We support efforts to deal with each of these educate ourselves about issues, analyze the powerful peoples. contributing factors, investigate alternative solu- problems since we see them as resulting and Our nation’s pursuit of these policies under- tions, decide strategy for implementing alterna- contributing to an economic and political system mines its ability to deal with the needs of its own tives, and share our understanding with the over which most of us have little control. citizens and places us in greater danger of war. community to enlist their support. Our tax dollars are used to develop first strike We in MPAC believe that while none of these MPAC believes that people united and work- capable weapons and to support repressive efforts by itself can bring about a completely just ing together can redefine our values and change regimes abroad. Consequently, there are fewer society, together we can work toward more our approach to problems so that we shall be able dollars available for needed human services both comprehensive solutions. We feel that we can to live in a free and creative society; indeed, such here and abroad. best contribute by challenging militarism and efforts are imperative if we are to survive.

Table of Contents Vol. 39, No. 1 • Fall 2013

Statement of Purpose ...... 1 Individual Growth through Engagement for Positive Change ...... Dan White ...... 2 Seeking ...... Hilary Warner-Evans ...... 4 Think Before You Eat! (recipe) ...... Cat Fletcher ...... 4 Finding Peace in Tibet ...... Dan Shorette ...... 5 Collateral Damage (artwork) ...... Beverly Stessel ...... 5 “Thou Shall Not Kill” in A Killing World ...... Doug Allen ...... 6 Bradley (Chelsea) Manning and Edward Snowden: American Heroes ...... Andy Piascik ...... 9 Deconstructing Drones ...... Eric Collins ...... 10

UNIVERSITY OF MAINE NONDISCRIMINATION POLICY he University of Maine does not discriminate Ton the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, including transgender status and gender expression, national origin, citizen status, disability, genetic information or veteran’s status in employment, education, and all other programs and activities. The following person has been designated to handle inquiries regarding non- discrimination policies: Director, Office of Equal Opportunity, 101 North Steven Hall, 581-1226. Page 2 MPAC Newsletter

INDIVIDUAL GROWTH THROUGH ENGAGEMENT FOR POSITIVE CHANGE hile it is true that the major issues we The intention of this piece is to encourage medicine, are exploited, live amidst war and face socially and globally don't receive people to participate in the work for change. other conditions which clearly inhibit physical Wa fraction of the attention they Towards this end, I challenge people to take the health and personal growth. In our society, and warrant, so too is it the case concerning the step into involvement. I offer two basic motiva- this is particularly relevant for college graduates empowering and hopeful efforts in resolving these tions for consideration. issues and creating a thriving world. Paul First, because it is our duty to each other Hawken, environmental activist, has spoken and and the life processes of Earth that we do written about the steady growth of organized what we can to secure the future of life on grassroots engagement in creating positive this planet, and to work to end unnecessary change. Hawken describes the purpose of this suffering and where ever it is “unnamed movement” of laterally-organized and found. The motivation to join positive people-powered organizations as offering “solu- change can be found in observing our tions to what appear to be insoluble dilemmas: irrefutable interdependence. As a message poverty, global climate change, , ecolog- from Occupy Wall Street defiantly insists, ical degradation, polarization of income, loss of we owe nothing to the big banks of Wall culture (Hawken)”. Street and we do owe everything to each other. Indeed, we all need nothing less than a truly interdependent society—a society where we can all depend upon each other, trust each other, and protect each other. today, a lack of jobs, inequitable wealth distribu- tion, and impossibly high debt are conditions Continuing on that note, a second motivation more and more depriving people of their means of comes from the fact that we benefit and grow as meeting needs. individuals when we work cooperatively with each other in pursuit of the best human values. The other major form of obstruction to meet- We need to collaborate in order to live our rela- ing needs is the beliefs, attitudes, and normalized tionships in the deepest and richest ways and to ways of relating and communicating. Most of us bring meaning and purpose to our most joyous learned in one form or another, from countless and fulfilling creative work. This movement influences, that we are separate beings, that life is Hawken speaks of is an awesome opportunity for naturally about competition with each other, and personal growth through becoming absorbed in that a valuable, secure and successful life is About fifty years ago, when humanity was first this new way of life based on true community, achieved through attaining a decent or high receiving back images of Earth from outer space, sustainability, humane values, peace, justice, paying job which allows for purchasing extra many people experienced a change in conscious- health and wellbeing. material things in addition to satisfying basic ness. The visual representation of Earth floating needs. These stories and beliefs are rooted in in dark, empty space allowed many to perceive central assumptions of domi- the basic truth of how we only have this one nant political, legal, planet to live on and that we are all in this economic, religious, academic together. The enormity of Earth's value began to and media institutions. For dawn upon our society and prompted the start of many people, these beliefs the environmental movement which continues to keep people feeling separate, this day. This perception of our interconnected- unknown and alone, and ness within our invaluable home has deepened create common mental- with time and is directly linked to the manifesta- emotional states of anxiety tion of the millions of organizations around the and depression which keep us world engaged for change. Paul Hawken describes from living full lives. the vast grassroots movement as an auto-immune In observing both the response of Earth to address and end the pervad- internal realms of beliefs, atti- ing self-destructive forces of our planet. tudes and feelings, and exter- Hawken also reports that there is a “fierce- nal realm of material condi- ness” found in this progressive change movement These two motivations pivot upon our inter- tions, dominant political, (Hawken). Those who are deeply involved with dependent nature and the innate will of people to economic, military, media and other social struc- the work of change, who live and breathe this satisfy needs and grow as individuals together in tures, we see that the two realms are intercon- change, rather than being immobilized by aware- our many types of relationships. In the next nected. A troubled internal experience is the ness of injustice, often transmute the natural section, I will address two related obstructions to cause and reflection of a troubled external reality. reactions of outrage and sadness into determined satisfying our needs and developing to our fullest In resolving to empower oneself and transform and constructive work for change. While despair potential, and discuss how overcoming these beyond limitations imposed by a social system is a common and understandable reaction to the obstructions is our challenge. based on separation, exploitation, commoditiza- crises underway, it may be surprising to some to tion and other dehumanizing factors, I remind find out that the work for change is a source of Obstructions and the the reader again of one's duty to the rest of life, great joy for many within the movement. Challenge of Our Time and prescribe the path of engagement with the Meaning, connection, and purpose enrich the movement highlighted by Paul Hawken. irst, basic material conditions must be satisfied lives of those dedicated to creating a just, sustain- if people are to have health and wellbeing Essentially, our challenge is of becoming able, and peaceful world. F necessary for growth. Many people in the world active, transformative, co-creators of society, and are denied sufficient access to food, water, and See Engagement on Page 3 Fall 2013 Page 3

Engagement fear. Inevitably, we all have been (continued from Page 2) influenced by these forces while growing up in this society. While masters of our own lives. This is a powerful chal- for many in the world and for a lenge for us because those programs we have growing many in our society, inherited have taught us to be the opposite, basi- material lack is the obstacle of cally, to be spectators and consumers. In the next satisfying the innate need for section, I will discuss this area further. People self-determination, for many have written books about the intertwined people in the industrialized economic, technological, political and other world, it is the influences on the factors that have lent themselves to this develop- levels of belief, self-conception, ment, so in the interest of brevity, observing the feelings, which are the primary ideas and vision of one powerful and ethically obstacles. Despite (or perhaps in void individual named Edward Bernays exempli- light of) what self-absorbed and fies the non-participatory condition of society, delusional rationalizations elite and reveals the attitudes of those who dominate powerholders such as Bernays in making the decisions and rules. believe in to justify the subjuga- If We Don't Participate, They Dominate tion and manipulation of the public through for us to do strengthen the alternative systems so orchestrated propaganda, it boils down to this: In they may sufficiently replace the old ones, and ernays was a top propagandist for government order for them to dominate, they need a public engage in resistance of the still dominant violent and corporations in the mid 20th century. He B which doesn't participate. structures. studied the work of his uncle Sigmund Freud and developed techniques of psychological manipula- Participating in the great movement of saving Conclusion tion to be used by political and economic elites our species and creating justice is the action of f you are eyeing the peace and social justice and to mold people's thoughts, views, and motiva- empowerment and liberation. For many in the environmental organizations with curiosity or tions. In one essay called “The Engineering of world, based on material conditions, there is not I interest, I wholeheartedly encourage you to Consent”, Bernays discusses his views on people much people can do other than staying alive. For become involved. Go to a meeting, go to a pot being too stupid to be trusted with participatory many of us in our society, we have the opportu- luck, go to a rally, or whatever, but set the prior- roles in the operation of democracy and economy. nity to examine and release those inhibiting ity of engagement, and follow through with According to Bernays, given the unworthiness of beliefs which have been propagated by the likes of action. If it is challenging, then all the more all of us, the best case scenario is for the political Bernays, adopt empowering mentalities based on reason to do it. Self-growth and fulfillment will and economic elite—the few powerful political, the reality of our interconnectedness, and actual- never come from staying within the familiar and military, and business leaders—to use propaganda ize this reality through social engagement. comfortable. An incredible amount of inner to influence, or “engineer”, the consent of the The potential future many of us envision, transformation is possible in a surprisingly short public. Bernays worked on various corporate which is based on working on the scaffolding of amount of time, and since that is true, then the advertising campaigns, with the government on its foundation, is very sweet. same is also true for social change. It is no coinci- Collaboration, cooperation, dence that the engaged action that will save life systems in harmony with on this planet is also that which will fulfill us. I nature with nature's beauty hope to work along side you in creating a viable pervading cities and towns future and to stand by you in defending the rights populated with participatory, of all people and life on Earth. interdependent neighbor- hoods in which everyone is —Dan White able to pursue work that is Source their joy and with everyone helping to do the work that Hawken, Paul. “To Remake the World.” Orion must be done, as well as an Magazine. Orion Magazine, n.d. Web. 1 Nov. end to war, poverty, hunger, 2013. and unnecessary disease...This is the trend in building. Though this vision is not utopian and is presidential campaigns and in the propaganda grounded in concrete actions of today, we must against communism, and is best known for his also be aware of the actual conditions we are work in helping the US government and United facing. Debts are rising to almost laughingly Fruit Company (known today as Chiquita) over- absurd levels while the corporate rich, to whom throw the democratic government of Guatemala. the public is still economically and legally As mentioned, there are many other factors at subservient, keep breaking record profits. play other than these propaganda tactics. For Meanwhile, Obama and other corporate puppet instance, stagnating wages since the 1970s have politicians make speeches and proposals about led to people working many more hours, accumu- getting the United States back on track, how lating more debt, and thus living less socially we're still the leader and envy of the world, and engaged lives. Technology, especially the TV and more of the same old rhetoric. Some have pointed more recently computers and hand held devices, out comparisons to the delusions of the political have compounded the alienation of the public elite during the twilight days of the Roman from each other and from engagement in political empire. The severity of the harm being perpetu- and social affairs. ated as limits are reached and crises converge is The dominant agenda of the powerholders is impetus for us to act all the more quickly, and the clear—keep people unfulfilled, in the dark, and in unraveling of the current system is opportunity Page 4 MPAC Newsletter

SEEKING

e sat there on the street playing music five of them, most middle aged or older, all wear- THINK BEFORE YOU EAT! and our tunes floated through the ing t-shirts and shorts or sweatpants. One had a Wearly afternoon air. “The Butterfly,” cane, another a cart filled with bottles. They gave Tofu Steaks with Shiitakes and Veggies “Silver Spear,” “La Guinille,” tunes we had off a general air of what I can only describe as learned from real people, a living tradition, meant neglect. I knew instinctively that they were at the Ingredients to be shared, passed on. I played bodhran and she very bottom of the socioeconomic scale, maybe 1 package extra firm tofu, drained was on flute. It was a glorious day on which to even homeless, although, in my sheltered, rural, 3 tbs. dark sesame oil end the summer. Soon we would find ourselves middle class existence, I had had very little inter- 3 tbs. soy sauce back in the maze that was Mt. Ararat High action with people I could clearly pinpoint as 1 cup julienne-cut red bell peppers School but, for now, summer lingered on, and lower class. And as we continued playing, they with it, the tradition of busking. stopped to listen. 1 cup match-stick cut carrot pinch of salt Busking. The word means literally, “to seek.” The old ballad hero “Johnny O'Braidesly” tells his 4 garlic cloves, thinly sliced hunting dogs to busk. But in our sense it meant 1 (5 oz.) package shiitake mushrooms sitting on the street to play music, putting out a ½ cup vegetable broth hat, and hoping generous passersby would put in 1 tbs. honey a few dollars. Most people, if they put in anything 2 tbs. sherry vinegar at all, will put in a couple one dollar bills, or a ½ tbs. crushed red pepper handful of coins, seeking to lighten their pockets. and a little bit of love! Occasionally one gets a five or a ten, but those are rare. Directions But busking is more than a way to make cash; 1. Cut tofu in 4 cubes, stab with a fork a few it is not done purely for the profit of the musician, times. Place in a dish with 1 tbs. oil and 1 tbs. but to share one's art with a community. As all soy sauce. Let the tofu soak for 15 minutes. We ended our tune on our own time and, one true musicians know, we are not on this earth for The fork holes will allow the tofu to soak in of them spoke to us. I have no recollection of his ourselves alone, but to make others happy. more of the sauce! Accordingly, Morgana and I had responded to the words, nor ours in return. I only remember that 2. Heat a skillet, and add 2 tbs. oil, bell pepper, requests of our audience both good and bad, he thought the music was beautiful and that they carrot, salt, garlic, and mushroom. After a moving across the street when someone yelled stayed for two more tunes. We continued with few minutes add 2 tbs. soy sauce, broth, out of a second story window to be quiet and “The Southwind” and something else. I was shy. I honey, vinegar, crushed red pepper, and some acquiescing to a little girl's plea for us to play had never had a stranger stay this long before to love. “The Fox,” her favorite song. Such is the nature hear me play. At the end of the third tune, we of the art and I have often received both good paused. He turned aside, said something I didn't 3. Remove the tofu from marinade. Cook tofu and bad responses about my music. But even catch to his fellows as they stood, a little to the in a grill pan on high heat, about 3 minutes though I was used to occasionally interacting side. He thanked us again, bent down, and on each side. Coat with marinade while with people while busking, nothing had prepared followed his comrades down the street. I looked cooking. in the hat. There, beside the couple of dollars we me for what happened that afternoon. 4. Place the tofu in a serving dish with the had already made, were two dimes. veggies! This will serve around 4 people. I wanted to give it back to him, to say “Wait! I Living a vegetarian lifestyle is good for the don't need this.” For I didn't, not like he did. But mind, body, soul, and planet. There are count- somehow I knew that was the wrong thing to do. less reasons to go vegetarian or vegan, whether I knew it would be an insult, that he would never it be for your own health, to minimize your accept it. When, shortly thereafter, Morgana and carbon footprint, or for the rights of animals. I divided up the money, I tucked my dime into a Cutting animal products or byproducts out of special place in my purse. I would never spend it. your diet will contribute to a happier, healthier I would keep it forever, I told myself. planet. If you don’t feel that you can go cold I have since lost my dime. But I have not lost turkey and cut meat out of your diet altogether, my memory of what occurred that day. I wish I try cutting down on it. Meatless Mondays are a could say that it had inspired me to do something great start! Here are some points to ponder: ethical, maybe to work selflessly for economic ê Factory farms contribute to over 173,000 justice. But no such event immediately followed. miles of polluted rivers and streams. In the short run, my life went on much as before. But still I hold on to this story, the group of ê 95% of pesticide residue in an average unkempt men, the two dimes sitting in the hat. American diet is from animal products. Why, after the passage of time, does it remain so ê 70% of grain produced in the US goes to feed in my mind? Is it to remind myself that I really animals bred for slaughter. should be making a greater effort to improve —Cat Fletcher economic equality? To remind myself to be gener- ous to others? Perhaps. But really I think that this When we were nearly done playing, about to scene convinced me of the essential goodness of pack up and leave, a group of men came down human beings, that someone who had almost Maine Street, from the Topsham side, where the nothing still found twenty cents to give to a street went up to meet the old Cabot mill and the couple of teenage street musicians. Androscoggin River. There were probably about —Hilary Warner-Evans Fall 2013 Page 5

FINDING PEACE IN TIBET ver since I converted to Tibetan , visited the U.K. last year, his meeting with Prime let that message spread through others. This way, I have been trying to learn more about Minister David Cameron touched off a serious things can happen naturally, and yes not every- ETibet and the man I now follow, the 14th diplomatic incident when China declared the one will agree, but at least we got the idea out Dalai Lama. Born in 1935, the reincarnation of meeting to be interference in its internal affairs. there. With that in mind we must continue our the 13th Dalai China appears to work in advocating our message of peace to those Lama, Tenzin detest his way of who will listen. Gyatso has been advocating peace. —Dan Shorette labeled a traitor Meanwhile the by China. Even Dalai Lama has so, he has been constantly been able to lead an fighting for the effective protection of the government-in- Tibetan people. In exile in India awarding the Dalai ever since flee- Lama the Nobel ing Tibet in Peace Prize in 1959 after a 1989, the failed uprising. Norwegian Nobel It is interest- Committee praised ing to me how “his consistent the Dalai Lama resistance to the is very careful when talking about Tibet. In an use of violence in his people’s struggle to regain interview with NBC News he explained his their liberty.” Perhaps it just goes to show us that commitment to a middle-way approach whereby in this world we can still compromise or at least Tibet, “remains within the People’s Republic of try without losing sight of our own values. China enjoying a high degree of self-rule or I think what peace requires is a sense that you autonomy.” cannot think you are going to have an easy way of For me, this approach reflects the difficulties convincing everyone. You are going to have some the Dalai Lama faces in keeping peace among hardships, much like the Dalai Lama has faced in those who wish Tibet to be an independent coun- his life to not give up. We must base what we try again, and Chinese officials who consider him advocate of facts that exist, then we must educate a dangerous separatist. For example, when he ourselves and others on the matter, then we must

Collateral Damage Beverly Stessel, 2008 Page 6 MPAC Newsletter

“THOU SHALL NOT KILL” IN A KILLING WORLD lenn D. Paige is the Founder of the Center values and structural rela- for Global Nonkilling in Honolulu, tions of killing societies GHawaii. The CGNK now engages 700 are not only morally and scholars in 300 universities and institutes in 73 spiritually bankrupt, but countries in 19 Nonkilling Research Committees. are threatening human I serve as a Research Committee member. survival on this planet. In his influential book, Nonkilling Global The political scientist Political Science, Glenn Paige insightfully analyzes Glenn Paige and many the nature of our dominant assumptions, princi- others who accept his ples, ideologies, and ways of being in a world of work as the key founda- killing societies. He convincingly demonstrates tional approach have the need for us to dedicate ourselves to the goals emphasized the extent to of a human community, from the smallest to the which political science has global, that is characterized by life in a nonkilling been a killing discipline society. Such a nonkilling society exposes, chal- and the need to create a lenges, and resists the assumptions, values, power nonkilling political relations, and ideological justifications found science. They also grant throughout history in killing societies, including that nonkilling can be violent and lethal views of human nature and of applied to other disci- political reality. No killing of humans and no plines and contextualized ways of living. Since Nonkilling and threats to kill characterize a qualitatively differ- political science is not my discipline, it has not “Nonkilling” is a term less familiar and much ent nonkilling society. been my major concern. In fact, in ways that less frequently used than nonviolence. Indeed, The integrally related means and ends of nonkilling political science could easily grant, I while killing is a frequently used term, nonkilling working cooperatively to realize a nonkilling soci- have found that political science, with notable is not. What is the relationship between ety are essential for transforming our world of exceptions, has been a very violent and killing nonkilling and the more familiar nonviolence? In killing societies. This is necessary if humans are to discipline. Even within the dominant educational very general terms, we may propose that killing realize their moral and overall human potential status quo of our killing society, there are other always entails violence, and that nonkilling always entails nonviolence. The reverse is not always the case. Not all violence involves killing. Why has political science been such a killing discipline? For example, specific acts of psychological violence involving hatred, economic violence involving exploitation, and religious violence for self-development and for community and disciplinary approaches that have been more involving intolerance may not result in killing. global development. However, even on more open to nonviolent and nonkilling alternatives. And not all nonviolence involves nonkilling or at narrow pragmatic grounds, it is imperative that Why has political science been such a killing least does not place primary emphasis on we dedicate ourselves to working for nonkilling discipline? With notable exceptions, why has nonkilling. For example, specific acts of nonvio- societies, since the present values and priorities of political science been so reactionary and violent lence emphasizing and loving kind- killing societies are economically, militarily, polit- in assuming and justifying killing and killing soci- ness or economic egalitarian relations of justice ically, culturally, socially, religiously, and environ- eties? I would submit that we can account for may acknowledge but not emphasize the central- mentally unsustainable. The present dominant much of this killing approach because the disci- ity of nonkilling. pline of political science tends to empha- Nonkilling would seem to be more narrow and size that it is an “objective,” “scientific,” more focused than the more general and diverse “value-free” approach in which it is meanings of nonviolence. This commitment to presenting and analyzing the political principles and ways of being in the world express- assumptions, values, power relations, ing nonkilling, while challenging and confronting dynamics, models, and justifications of the dominant power relations and forces of killing political “reality.” In rather uncritically societies, has the advantage of allowing for more assuming and not challenging the political focused formulations and practical applications approaches and frameworks of the domi- than many of the moral and spiritual approaches nant killing political realities, as its disci- to nonviolence. Whether M. K. Gandhi’s philos- plinary perspective, political science, of ophy and practices of nonviolence and other course, is far from value-neutral or value- profound nonviolent approaches have strengths free and usually reflects and is frequently lacking in the more focused emphasis on complicit with immoral and dangerous nonkilling is another significant consideration for realities of killing societies. In my experi- those committed to nonkilling societies. ences, while granting that a nonkilling In my approach and interpretations, there are political science is welcome and urgently no simple, adequate, essentialized answers or needed, other disciplinary approaches in solutions to the most difficult questions and philosophy, ethics, sociology, ecological issues with regard to nonkilling today. The studies, women’s studies, religious studies, universal values and structural relations of alternative economics, and other fields nonkilling, essential for our understanding of and have often had less of an integral relation responding to contemporary killing societies and with killing societies than has political killing disciplinary approaches, always need to be science. See Nonkilling on Page 7 Fall 2013 Page 7

Nonkilling tures of power, money, and influence, (continued from Page 6) status quo education and socializa- tion, the corporate media, and contextualized dialectically in all kinds of Hobbesian and other secular and nuanced, complex, often ambiguous and contra- religious views of human nature, this dictory ways. This requires an open-ended is to be expected. dynamic approach; deepened and broadened insights and analysis with the upholding of our What is more surprising is a chal- fundamental unity as human beings with a lenge from some well-intentioned, respect for the diversity of multiple paths to admirable proponents of nonvio- nonkilling societies; active engagement with the lence. Perhaps most surprising, even development of practical skills in the problem- to most Indians, are hundreds of solving experiments with killing and nonkilling pages of writings by M. K. Gandhi, cultures and societies; the nurturing of moral the best known and most influential character, courageous and highly motivated modern proponent of the philosophy and practices of nonviolence. While authentic living, mutual support, perseverance upholding the absolute value of and hope in the real possibility of a nonkilling nonviolence and an exceptional society; and a commitment to reformulate and commitment to avoiding killing, even when it How does one committed to nonkilling and reappropriate our interpretations and practices in comes to his extreme vegetarian diet and his will- nonviolence respond to a situation in which a new, creative, contextually relevant ways. ingness to be killed rather than to inflict harmful psychologically insane or extremely mentally While accepting that the absolute universal suffering on others, Gandhi often struggles with unbalanced individual is in the act of killing chil- commitment to a culture of nonkilling commits the most difficult situations in which it is difficult dren in a school? How does one respond to a situ- one to working toward a much more nonviolent to find a nonviolent, moral, and spiritual ation in which a rapist is in the act of committing world, the question arises whether an acceptance response. the rape? How does one respond to a situation of of absolute and universal ideals, principles, and explosive ongoing terrorism? How does one values of nonviolence ever allows, in exceptional respond to a situation in which human life is situations, for killing? This challenge to an absolute of nonkilling, as contextualized in the How does one committed to nonkilling and nonviolence respond most challenging and difficult situations, is whether one can in practice reject all killing as to a situation in which a psychologically insane or extremely unjustifiable or at least as unnecessary violence. mentally unbalanced individual is in the act of killing children in We’ll now consider such a well-intentioned chal- a school? lenge to a universal culture of nonkilling that seems to uphold the absolute principle thou shalt not kill should never be violated. threatened by malaria-carrying mosquitoes or Gandhi and some other proponents of the A Nonviolent Challenge to Nonkilling attacking animals? In other words, how does a absolute ideals and ends, means, and values of nonviolent and nonkilling human being and soci- lmost all challenges to any nonkilling nonviolence, which would seem to encompass ety respond to real life, violent, killing situations approach that critiques, resists, and proposes A the more specific cases of nonkilling and the in which there are no opportunities for nonkilling alternatives to killing societies obviously come absolute rejection of killing societies, sometimes dialogue and nonviolent conflict resolution; no from those upholding the need for and adequacy struggle with real life, contextualized situations in short-term nonviolent responses that can prevent of killing approaches, values, cultures, and disci- which there seem to be no viable nonviolent the ongoing killing; and no long-term nonviolent plines. In terms of dominant hierarchical struc- alternatives. responses that can focus on the root causes and basic determinants of the killing society and the need for the transformation from killing to nonkilling? Surprising to most readers, Gandhi, very reluc- tantly, concedes that in the most difficult moral and spiritual situations, killing may be allowed. In many writings, he analyzes how Indians should respond to the life-threatening attacks by “menacing monkeys,” and he submits that they should sometimes kill them. He even analyzes the inevitability of killing life in terms of his vegetar- ian diet, measures to improve hygiene, and other necessities of a nonviolent society. In most cases, he discusses the unavoidability of some involun- tary killing and violence as part of our human mode of being in the world, but he also includes exceptional cases of voluntary killing. And this extends beyond the killing of nonhuman sentient life to situations that may involve the killing of other human beings. He even writes of when killing may count as (nonviolence, benev- olent harmlessness)? How is this possible?

See Nonkilling on Page 8 Page 8 MPAC Newsletter

Nonkilling for peace and nonvi- (continued from Page 7) olence. Once we grant killing excep- A More Adequate Approach to tions, how do we Nonkilling avoid the slippery n a nonkilling approach, it is important to slope of killing? How Iemphasize that over 99 percent of the time, do we distinguish when we intentionally or unintentionally act as our nonkilling part of killing and violent societies, there are approach from just war theories, reli- nonkilling and nonviolent alternatives. We may gious teachings, not be aware of or act on these nonkilling alter- political theories, natives for all kinds of reasons: We are socialized, and other justifica- rewarded, and punished as part of killing soci- tions found for thou- eties; we are socialized to accept violent and sands of years to the killing stereotypes about human nature, the present in killing nature of others, and our incapacity to transform societies? Granting killing to nonkilling societies; we experience exceptions clearly understandable insecurity and fear when consid- poses a challenge ering challenging and resisting those with power and danger to a over our lives in killing societies; and we lack the nonkilling society, knowledge, skills, creativity, and training to but not granting any develop nonkilling values and commitments. relative contextual- But how do we respond to those killing situa- ized exceptions tions in which there are no viable nonkilling and poses an even nonviolent alternatives? In other writings, I greater danger to develop some analysis of how a nonviolent creating a relevant approach might have been used by Jews and nonkilling world. justify our responses of terror and terrorism, others in responding to Hitler and the Nazis; how Let me only briefly suggest how we may distin- violence to justify more violence, so that we do a nonviolent approach might have responded just guish our nonviolent approach from the justifica- not become entrapped in the cycles defining before the terrorist attacks occurred on tions for killing in killing societies. In those violent and killing societies. 9/11/2001; and how a nonviolent approach might exceptional situations, with extreme violence and have responded while the terrorist killings were Only by raising qualitatively different, killing taking place and with no nonkilling and taking place in Mumbai, India from the 26/11 to nonkilling and nonviolent alternative values, nonviolent options available, violent and some- while educating, resisting, and transforming, can 29/11/2008. I’ll briefly refer to the Mumbai terror- times even killing actions are allowed and may be we break through the vicious cycles of killing and ism for my response to a killing situation in which necessary to stop the killing and the violence. violence. Only then can we create nonkilling there are no nonviolent options. However, we never give up the nonviolent ideals societies expressing nonkilling life-affirming and In my analysis of nonviolence, that maintains and values of creating nonkilling societies. When sustainable relations between human beings, the absolute ideals and values of nonkilling and is we engage in such necessary killing, what we do is contextually informed by real violent and killing not glorious. It is not even good or moral. It is other beings, and nature. Only then can we relative situations, nonkilling human beings who something tragic and terrible. We should be embrace a contextually meaningful and effective were in the Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (CST) saddened by what we have had to do in respond- approach expressing the presuppositions, values, on 26 November, as innocent civilians were being ing to situations that express human failure in principles, policies, and paradigms of nonkilling killed, needed to stop the terrorist killings. This creating killing societies that sometimes offer no and nonviolent societies. may have required violent force and possibly nonkilling effective means of actions. —Doug Allen killing. The terrorists, who were doing the killing, Since we always uphold the ideals and values had no interest in engaging in nonkilling of nonviolence and nonkilling, even when such dialogue. Even if one intervenes courageously exceptional violence and killing are necessary, we and says “kill me,” the terrorists would simply kill engage in killing that is of the most limited dura- you and then continue killing others in the rail- tion and intensity necessary to way terminus. To do nothing to stop the killing, or stop the ongoing killing. We to intervene nonviolently in a way that has no restrict to a minimum the possibility for transforming the killing situation, is violence and loss of life, and we not only ineffective but also makes you complicit refuse all contemporary justifi- with the perpetuation of the ongoing killings. In cations for killings as “collateral short, such a violent response, even if it involves damage.” Most importantly, we necessary killing, may be justified by the ideals do everything in our power to and values of a nonviolent society since such transform the economic, politi- killing may be the most nonviolent option avail- cal, cultural, educational, reli- able. gious, and other causes and Such an approach to nonviolence, which conditions that led to our killing allows for killings in exceptional situations, opens societies and such tragic failures the door to all kinds of dangers from dominant in which we have no immediate killing societies. After all, we easily recall the nonkilling alternatives. We endless justifications for killing and other forms of expose and all attempts to violence, that repeatedly use the same kind of use the killing to justify more language, including war and violence as necessary killing, terror and terrorism to Fall 2013 Page 9

BRADLEY (CHELSEA) MANNING AND EDWARD SNOWDEN: AMERICAN HEROES rom the beginning, US foreign policy has the world as enemies who must be monitored at was, he was arming, funding and covering up been predicated on conquest and whatever all times. One of the most telling moments of Montt’s murderous campaign against Flevels of violence were required to achieve Manning’s show trial was when the prosecution Guatemalan civilians; that when Colin Powell it. Beneath the rhetoric of freedom lies a horrify- referred to WikiLeaks and, by inference, and the rest of the Bush II gang cited weapons of ing legacy of invasions, coups, proxy and Manning and Snowden, as “an intelligence mass destruction to justify an illegal invasion that support for a rogue’s gallery of despots. With all of agency for the public.” As they are and, given the has claimed more than a million Iraqi lives, they that, however, the violence and lawlessness of the state of things, as they should be; and for that we had documentary evidence in their possession Bush-Obama years is of a scale few if any of us should all be grateful. that proved no such weapons existed. As recently have ever seen. Despite elite vilification of Manning and as last month, Secretary of State John Kerry It is in this context that the state has come Snowden, important fissures between the rulers declared that there “is no military solution in down so heavily on Bradley (Chelsea) Manning and the ruled have become apparent. We see, for Syria” even as the US supplies arms to those fight- and is determined to do the same to Edward example, that a majority of Americans believe the ing the Assad regime, many of whom are alleged Snowden. With the ruling class here essentially at National Security Agency should be reined in to be linked to al-Qaeda. And would anyone be war with the world, including with the American big-time. We see as well serious outrage in both the least bit surprised if the recent terror alert was people, anyone who exposes the workings of parties in both houses of Congress at how exten- concocted to undermine the popular uproar over empire as Manning and Snowden have is deemed sive the surveillance state has become. No such Manning and Snowden’s revelations? a traitor. Such revelations cannot be tolerated, outrage or calls for drastic changes would be Implicitly, Manning and Snowden, like happening were it not for Ellsberg, also put the disgraceful role of the corpo- Snowden. rate media in the public eye. Reporters, editors Manning and and publishers have often been privy to US war Snowden have been crimes that they keep secret because of their compared to Daniel enthusiasm for empire, then howl with outrage Ellsberg, the man who, in when such crimes are revealed – not at the crimes 1971, revealed secret or criminals but at those who unmask them. documents about the US war in Indochina. Manning and Snowden carry forward the great Though the Pentagon tradition of David Walker, Debs, Thoreau, Emma Papers undoubtedly Goldman, Diane Nash, Cesar Chavez, Reverend increased the already King, the Berrigans and all those who have defied massive public opposi- illegitimate authority at great risk to themselves. tion to the war, that was The question now is whether the rest of us shall arguably not Ellsberg’s follow their lead or instead be like Good Germans most important achieve- and pretend not to see the evil that surrounds us. ment. Perhaps more The ruling class’s ability to terrorize whoever they significant was the reve- want wherever they want whenever they want lation of large-scale lying without having to answer or be accountable to about the war. That anyone is the crux of empire. Increased levels of after all, because the emperors must be free first Kennedy, McNamara, Johnson and resistance, especially of soldiers like Manning, is and foremost to do as they like. Westmoreland (and later Nixon and Kissinger) the only antidote. Meanwhile, much of the world’s population is had known that the war was essentially —Andy Piascik aghast at what the United States has become. We unwinnable short of nuclear weapons, even as can imagine that even in places that have they rained terror down on three countries (“Kill Andy Piascik was an active member of MPAC from suffered most hideously from US , everything that moves”) and sent tens of thou- 1976–79. He has remained an activist since and is people can barely believe what they see. Probably sand of Americans to senseless deaths, was almost also an award-winning author who writes for Z never in its history has the United States been so as terrible a truth as the real nature of the war Magazine, The Indypendent, Counterpunch and isolated; what may be worse is that there is little itself. many other publications and websites. He can be dissent among elites as to whether this might not One result of the reached at [email protected]. be a good thing. Pentagon Papers is Amidst the hysterical cries of “Traitor,” what that millions of Manning revealed first and foremost were war Americans assume crimes. Rather than being jailed, tortured and that those in charge demonized, let alone possibly imprisoned for the regularly lie. And for rest of his life, he should be thanked for saving good reason, for at the many lives - Afghans, Pakistanis and Yemenis same time, for exam- who might otherwise have been blown up by US ple, that Jimmy Carter bombs and American soldiers who otherwise spoke piously of would have recklessly been put in harm’s way. human rights, he was Perhaps the only thing more horrifying than reve- making possible lations like the Collateral Murder video is the fact Indonesian terror that such acts, like the My Lai Massacre in against East Timor; Vietnam, are standard operating procedure and that when Ronald not exceptions. Reagan was rhapsodiz- Similarly, Edward Snowden revealed the ing about what a great extent to which the US empire regards the rest of guy Efrain Rios Montt Page 10 MPAC Newsletter

DECONSTRUCTING DRONES nmanned aerial vehicles because a few different people within (UAVs) – better known as the executive branch decide it is okay. U“drones” – and their use as Kings and tyrants would love this – no weapons by the United States has oversight from other branches of been the subject of much debate for government or citizens needed. the past few years. However, October The lawfulness of U.S. drone of 2013 brought fresh criticism of strikes is at best highly questionable, their use by three established organi- and if we care about basic principles of zations: Amnesty International, justice and law that are needed to Human Rights Watch, and the protect us from the violence of the United Nations. In response, the State, then we need to challenge our Obama administration has vigorously government’s justifications for them. defended the use of drone strikes. However, while the legal argument is “U.S. counterterrorism actions are important, we cannot stop there. We precise, they are lawful, and they are must also deconstruct drones from a effective,” said White House press moral perspective, challenging the secretary Jay Carney, adding “I think argument that they are “precise” and it’s important to note that by narrowly do not harm civilians. targeting our action against those special rapporteur Ben Emmerson suggested that who want to kill us and not the people they hide there have been thirty-three strikes that have Drones are “Precise” among, we are choosing the course of action least been known to kill civilians, and these may have uring an online forum with YouTube and likely to result in the loss of innocent life.” been in violation of international law. DGoogle during January of 2012, President Just as Carney insists that the terrorists hide Ambassadors from Brazil, China and Venezuela Obama was very explicit about the “precision” of behind innocent civilians, those in power always also questioned the legality of U.S. drone strikes U.S. drone strikes: “For the most part, they have have their rhetoric to hide behind when they are during General Assembly meetings. been very precise, precision against al-Qaeda and in the public eye. In the case of drones, they are Domestic organizations like the American their affiliates. And we are very careful in terms of “least likely to result in the loss of innocent life.” Civil Liberties Union have challenged U.S. drone how it’s been applied.” The precision argument They are “precise,” “lawful” and “effective.” They strikes on their constitutionality, primarily has wooed the establishment press. In a 2012 arti- are used for “counterterrorism” against people because they have been used to kill four cle, “What’s Not Wrong with Drones?” Rosa “who want to kill us.” A host of other clever American citizens overseas. In 2012, they filed a Brooks of Foreign Policy magazine explains that catch-phrases are utilized in the name of justify- lawsuit against the U.S. government to contest “Drones actually permit far greater precision in ing them to the public, but Carney’s statements the constitutionality of the killing of three targeting. Today's unmanned aerial vehicles here are useful because they reveal the key argu- American citizens: (UAVs) can carry small bombs that do less wide- ments that have been used to justify drone Anwar Al-Aulaqi, Samir strikes, ones that have also been used to justify Khan, and Abdulrahman many other aspects of U.S. foreign policy. When Al-Aulaqi, Anwar’s we begin to deconstruct them, we can see that sixteen-year-old son. they are based neither on the truth nor elemen- They based their argu- tary principles of morality. ment on the grounds Drones are “Lawful” that they were deprived of their life without due hile the Obama administration has process, which is guaran- Wardently defended the legality of U.S. teed by the Fifth drone strikes, others have challenged this, on Amendment. both grounds of international law and the U.S. Due process is guar- Constitution. International human rights organi- anteed both by interna- zations like Amnesty International and Human tional and constitutional Rights Watch have focused on international law, law, which is extremely utilizing it as a basis for strong condemnations of important in protecting the many drone strikes which have resulted in the individuals from the deaths and suffering of innocent civilians. Citing violent actions of the a rather egregious case in Pakistan in which a State and is at the heart grandmother was killed as she gathered vegeta- of the unlawfulness of bles, Amnesty expressed that they have “serious U.S. drone strikes. What concerns that this attack violated the prohibition it means is that the State of the arbitrary deprivation of life and may consti- cannot simply execute tute war crimes or extrajudicial executions.” spread damage, and there's no human pilot whose you or harm you simply “because;” they have to Human Rights Watch was more explicit: they fatigue might limit flight time. Their low profile present evidence against you and allow you to cited two incidences of drone attacks in Yemen and relative fuel efficiency combines with this to defend yourself through a fair trial. It is a basic that they said “killed civilians indiscriminately in permit them to spend more ‘time on target’ than principle of justice that dates back to The Magna clear violations of the laws of war.” any manned aircraft.” Similarly, in another 2012 Carta, and the Obama administration’s rationali- article for the Times, Scott Shane tells us that The United Nations has also utilized interna- zations have flagrantly violated these. Essentially drones can offer us the “promise of precision tional law for its criticisms of U.S. drone strikes. they have claimed that due process is afforded to In UN meetings during October of 2013, UN the people whom they decide to kill with drones See Drones on Page 11 Fall 2013 Page 11

Drones “Rather than winning the hearts and minds of is limited to their legality, whether or not the (continued from Page 10) Yemeni civilians, America is alienating them by technology is “precise” enough or whether or not killing their relatives and friends. Indeed, the they are effective at stopping terrorism. In killing;” such precision led him to title his article drone program is leading to the Talibanization of constructing an argument against drone strikes, “The Moral Case for Drones.” vast tribal areas and the radicalization of people such issues have to be deconstructed, yet we have These claims are confounded by the adminis- who could otherwise be America’s allies in the to do more than this. At the heart of drone tration’s policy of referring to “all military-age fight against terrorism in Yemen.” strikes, and at the heart of U.S. foreign policy, is a males” in an area with “known terrorist activity” What those who support drones and other shameful disregard for these basic principles of to be enemy combatants, and thus they are not violent actions of U.S. foreign policy forget is the morality. Too often they have been torn to shreds counted as civilians in drone strikes. This raises very simple yet indispensable truth that violence in “the ends justify the means” arguments, but obvious questions of legitimacy, given that “mili- begets violence, terror begets terror, terrorism when we deconstruct drones and other actions of tary-age” is ambiguous and that people are being begets terrorism. The U.S. drone attacks are acts U.S. foreign policy, we realize that the means are killed without certainty of who they are and of incredible violence and they are terrorizing the incredibly violent and the ends are often uncer- whether or not they pose an actual threat to the people in the countries where they are being tain and are not what we are told they would be. U.S. used. Drone strikes are not preventing terrorism, Thus, if we want to live in a more humane and The precision argument has been further they are terrorism, and we cannot hope to over- just world, we cannot be so willing to sacrifice contrasted by victim’s testimonials compiled by come terrorism by using terrorism to do so. To say these basic principles of morality for such ends. livingunderdrones.org, in-depth reports by the that we can speaks to either an incredible igno- Rethinking Drones Bureau for Investigative Journalism, and studies rance or an incredible indifference to those who and U.S. Foreign Policy done within the U.S. military. The Center for have been suffering immensely from drone strikes Naval Analyses, a research institution funded by and other violent acts of U.S. foreign policy. .S. drone strikes are extremely violent, harm- the U.S. Navy and Marines, conducted a study of ful and unnecessary, but they are sadly not On a deeper—and what I see to be more U drone strikes in Afghanistan during 2010-11 that an anomaly to U.S. foreign policy. They are important—moral level, U.S. drone strikes are revealed that civilians are ten times as likely to merely part of the bigger picture of militarism and not only ineffective within the context of coun- die in drone strikes as from conventional fighter imperialism that are at its core, one piece of the jets. When even those within the U.S. estab- shameful puzzle. Other actions of violence, lishment are questioning the precision of such as the many wars into which we have drone strikes, this should immediately raise been unnecessarily plunged, the stockpiling of skepticism of the official rhetoric. nuclear weapons, or the funding of brutal and The Obama administration has utilized the repressive dictatorships, all come together not factor of “modern technology” in trying to to advance lawfulness, human dignity or secu- justify the precision of U.S. drone strikes, but rity, but to advance U.S. political and despite their technological capabilities, they economic hegemony. still have resulted in the deaths of innocent Our task, then, as citizens who care about civilians. In fact, they may be more harmful to working for a more just and peaceful world, is civilians than conventional warfare, so if we to learn to take our blinders off so that we can want to talk about morality, then we cannot be critical and skeptical of the rhetoric of those accept them as legitimate. Yet is the answer, in power. We need to organize and to challenge then, to return to using fighter jets to bomb terterrorism, they are ineffective because they are them to uphold basic principles of law, justice and people, or to improve upon the technology of violations of elementary principles of morality. human dignity. drones to make them less likely to kill civilians? This is true on two levels. First, a very basic Most of all, though, we need to step outside of We have to move beyond such discussion, for it is moral principle is being truthful and not hypocrit- the narrow framework under which we too often too narrow and leaves out important moral ques- ical. However, that the U.S. can and should be operate when thinking about these things. We tions that get at the heart of what is wrong with able to go anywhere it wants to in the world and need to think beyond criticizing U.S. drone U.S. drone strikes. use violence to further its political and economic strikes and other actions of U.S. foreign policy Drones are “Effective” interests (really the interests of the wealthy few, based upon their lawfulness, or try to think that not the majority of U.S. citizens), is an assump- technological advances in drones or other mech- etermining whether or not drones are “effec- tion that goes unquestioned by the architects of anisms of war can be made to make them “more tive” or not depends upon how we define D U.S. foreign policy and the establishment media, precise” and less likely to kill innocent civilians. effective. From the perspective of the U.S. as is the assumption that any person, organiza- We need to think beyond trying to establish a government and the subservient establishment tions or nation that challenges these interests threshold of how many innocent people there can media, drones are effective because they are should be punished through verbal slander, be to be killed before it becomes unacceptable. killing terrorists who are trying to harm the U.S. economic sanctions or military force. These often We need to say that no matter what the law says, There are other ways to define effective that we unchallenged assumptions are examples of the or how it can be interpreted, that it is wrong to need to consider, yet first it must be stressed that incredibly arrogant hypocrisy that is so central to kill innocent people. We need to say that war even within this framework drones are ineffec- U.S. foreign policy, and drone strikes are a prime cannot be sanitized, and no technological tive. example of this hypocrisy. As such, the U.S. has advancements will make it something worth- Rather than preventing terrorism, drones are no moral authority to use drone strikes or its while. We need to say that the death of even one fueling terrorism. Malala Yousafzai, a sixteen-year many other actions of violence. innocent civilian is not worth the ends, especially old Pakistani activist, said just this in a meeting given that the ends told to us by our political Second, drone strikes are immoral simply with President Obama in October of 2013, leaders are not truthful. As the late historian because they are actions of violence that cause expressing that “drone attacks are fueling terror- Howard Zinn said, “In war, innocent people unnecessary death and suffering and deny people ism. Innocent victims are killed in these acts, and always die. So either we have to accept that, or their inherent right as a human being to life, they lead to resentment among the Pakistani we have to put an end to war.” I think that it is dignity and self-determination. Such moral people.” Ibrahim Mothana, a former Yemeni time that we call for such a thing. truisms often never even enter into the conversa- activist, repeated such a sentiment for the people tion in the discussion about drone strikes, which —Eric Collins of Yemen who have been affected by drones: Contributors pinions expressed in this Newsletter are those of individual members of MPAC and other university Dan White O and community activists. They do not necessarily Hilary Warner-Evans express the views of other MPAC members or of the Cat Fletcher Maine Peace Action Committee group as a whole. We know that other readers may not Dan Shorette agree with all that is stated in this issue, and we encour- Beverly Stessel age your response. Robert Stessel NEWSLETTER Doug Allen The Maine Peace Action Committee has its general Andy Piascik meeting every Wednesdays at 3:00 PM in the Virtue Eric Collins Room of The Maples Building on the University of Ilze Petersons Maine campus. Meeting times and dates may change. Volume 39, Number 1 MPAC often has subcommittees working on topics of special interest to current members. MPAC also organ- Fall 2013 izes film series, speakers, teach-ins, workshops, concerts, Funded in part by University of Maine reading groups, demonstrations, and other peace and Student Government justice actions. For more information on MPAC, call 581-3860. If you are interested in and Publication services by Eric T. Olson activism, please join us. http://www.umaine.edu/mpac/

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Maine Drone Peacewalk, Oct. 13, 2013, Bangor (Photo by Rick Tardiff)