Edited by Rifet Bahtijaragić and Joám Evans Pim University of Sarajevo Center for Global Nonkilling Faculty of Philosophy Sarajevo and Honolulu December 2015 CREATIVE COMMONS LICENCE Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 You are free to share, copy, distribute and transmit this work* Under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute this work in the manner specified by the author/licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial. You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works. You may not alter, transform or build upon this work. * For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. * Any of the above conditions can be waived if you gain permission from the copyright holders. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the Authors’ moral and legal rights. The Center for Global Nonkilling does not necessarily endorse the views expressed by the authors. Also available for free download at: http://www.nonkilling.org © The Authors, 2015 © Center for Global Nonkilling, 2015 (this edition) First Edition: December 2015 ISBN-13 978-0-9839862-7-0 ______________________________________________________ Cataloging in Publication Data (CIP) Nonkilling Balkans / Edited by Rifet Bahtijaragić and Joám Evans Pim. ISBN 978-0-9839862-7-0 CDU - 172.4 : 327.36 ______________________________________________________ A catalogue record is also available from the Library of Congress. University of Sarajevo Center for Global Nonkilling Faculty of Philosophy 3653 Tantalus Drive Franje Račkog 1 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822-5033 71000 Sarajevo United States of America Bosnia and Herzegovina Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] http://www.nonkilling.org http://www.ff.unsa.ba Contents Foreword 7 Glenn D. Paige Sarajevo Declaration for a Nonkilling Balkans 9 Introduction Nonkilling Civilizational Change in the Balkans 11 Rifet Bahtijaragić Chapter One Looking 100 Years Back and 100 Years Forward 19 Ivana Milojević Chapter Two Humans as Conflict Managers 47 Ingrida Grigaityte Chapter Three The Transformation from Holocaustic Intergenerational Trauma to Nonkilling Intergenerational Wisdom 77 Danica Borkovich Anderson Chapter Four Building Peace 105 Sanja Garic-Komnenic Chapter Five “The Child is the Father to the Man" 117 Shelley Hymel, Lina Darwich and Reky Groendal Chapter Six Not Unlearning to Care 139 Eveline Gutzwiller-Helfenfinger Chapter Seven Psychology of Nonkilling in Bosnia-Herzegovina 171 Mirna Marković Pavlović, Sabina Alispahić and Amela Dautbegović Chpater Eight Ljubljana Festival in the Early 1960s 183 Tjaša Ribizel Chapter Nine Doukhobor Nonkilling Legacy 187 Koozma J. Tarasoff Afterword The Spirit of Baljvine 217 Joám Evans Pim Foreword Glenn D. Paige Center for Global Nonkilling Readers of this book are invited to engage their spirit, critical intellect, and creativity to bring about a Nonkilling Balkans to benefit all people of the region. From their example people everywhere can learn and join in ad- vancing toward a killing-free world. It is an honor to introduce this book and to have the opportunity to ex- press profound respect for the creative initiatives of professor and writer Rifet Bahtijaragić and to all who have joined in them. These initiatives have led to founding the Balkans Nonkilling Forum, to the historic August 2014 Sara- jevo Declaration for a Nonkilling Balkans, to award of the Nonkilling Communi- ties Flag to the Municipality of Bosanski Petrovac, and to this book. Scientific, spiritual, and practical factors predict success for realization of a Nonkilling Balkans. Most humans who have ever lived have not killed any- one. By nature humans are not compelled to kill. Religions, faiths, humanist philosophies, and folk traditions, teach nonkilling principles that can be combined into a powerful Global Nonkilling Ethic. Basic components of nonkilling societies already have been demonstrated somewhere in human experience. If combined and creatively adapted in any cultural context they can assist nonkilling change. The power of creative initiatives to bring about previously unthinkable and impossible change has been demonstrated throughout history in every field of human endeavor. The Sarajevo Declaration is especially constructive because it seeks to es- tablish three institutions needed to advance knowledge and skills for nonkilling change. The Center for Nonkilling Balkans will encourage re- search, education-training, and policy development. The Nonkilling Balkans Observatory will measure nonkilling change. The Nonkilling Balkans Acad- emy will offer opportunities to advance nonkilling knowledge and skills among leaders in all sectors of society. 8 Nonkilling Balkans The Nonkilling Balkans initiative will receive respect and encourage emulation throughout the world. It will profoundly reverse the image and reality of the Balkans as one of its most bloody and long-suffering regions. May all who contribute to its success now and in future share joy in af- firming universal reverence for life. Sarajevo Declaration for a Nonkilling Balkans Nonkilling Balkans Exploratory Forum Sarajevo, August 28-29, 2014 1. Gathered in the convergence of commemorations of WWI and WWII, two of Europe’s most dreadful wars, we abhor the vision of the Balkans as a place of bloodshed. On the contrary, we seek to reinstate and celebrate our Common Nonkilling History and Bal- kan contributions to a peaceful killing-free world: from Bogomil pacifist spirituality to early peace research; from centuries of peaceful multicultural coexistence to the first calls for uncondi- tional nuclear disarmament; from daring antiwar activism in the midst of battle to applied nonviolent civil disobedience. 2. This Common Nonkilling Legacy and the fact that during the entire history of this region the vast majority of people, even in the course of war, have not killed and would not kill, leads us to uphold the principle of the right of every single person not to be killed and the right and responsibility of everyone not to kill. History teaches us that killing only leads to more killing through creation of hatred and desire for retaliation. The examples of multi-ethnic communities that renounced killing each other during wartime or were able to achieve true reconciliation in times of peace reinforce this view. 3. The positive media attention and public responses to the publica- tion of the translation of Nonkilling Global Political Science into Cen- tral South Slavic (Svjetska Politička Nauka Neubijanja), to the cele- bration of the 2014 Nonkilling Balkans Exploratory Forum, and to presentation of the first Nonkilling Communities Flag and Award to the municipality of Bosanski Petrovac, provide additional en- couragement for receptivity of the nonkilling approach to prob- lem-solving and community-building across the Balkans. At the same time, these actions resonate with many other initiatives that are currently being developed throughout the region. 10 Nonkilling Balkans 4. Considering that the time is ripe and building from the momentum of recent success and attention, the undersigned participants call for the establishment of a permanent nonkilling structure involving local scholars, activists, public institutions, and others. We suggest that this structure be incorporated as a nonprofit “Center for a Nonkilling Balkans”, with an associated “Nonkilling Balkans Obser- vatory” to monitor killing and nonkilling initiatives throughout the region, and a “Nonkilling Balkans Academy” to train young leaders for building future nonkilling communities in the Balkans. 5. Following discussions of the Nonkilling Balkans Exploratory Forum, the participants have agreed to publish a joint collective volume under the title Nonkilling Balkans that will further disseminate its findings and promote the consideration of its nonkilling thesis among decision-makers, civil movements and the general public. The key findings from this book will be summarized and presented in a Nonkilling Policy and Research Recommendations Report. 6. We hope that our findings in the fields of education, psychology, anthropology, politics, philosophy, sociology, peace and conflict studies, futures studies, gender studies, history and the media will provide useful insights for review of the 1914-2014 period from a nonkilling perspective and will help transition from a Century that has been ostensibly marked by a Culture of Killing to a future based on a Nonkilling Culture in tune with the Common Nonkill- ing Legacy of the Balkans. THEREFORE: In remembrance of all who have been killed, of all the killers, of all who have not killed, and all who have worked to end killing, guided by the scientific, historical and cultural premise of the universal value of human life, we1 –participants of the “Nonkilling Balkans Exploratory Forum” held in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on August 28-19, 2014– present this Declaration and call upon all people of the Balkans and the world to join in support. 1 Over100 individuals became signatories. For an updated list, see <nonkilling.org>. Nonkilling Civilizational Change in the Balkans Rehabilitation of Humanity—Investment in Dignity Rifet Bahtijaragić Founder, Nonkilling Balkans Forum Geographically, the Balkan Peninsula is a semi-island in Southeast Europe, recognizable by mountain ranges, rippling and raising to the sky, ever since the formation of the Earth’s crust; inland bays and canyons, ran- dom fertile plains