Initial Environmental Examination
Document Stage: Final Project Number: 38254
October 2009
India: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 2)—Bijapur CMC
Prepared by Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation
For the Government of Karnataka North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program
The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC
Initial Environmental Examination
October 2009 Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development and Finance Corporation, Government of Karnataka
North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program
Package I – Dharwad Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
October 2009
Wilbur Smith Associates Private Limited (WSAPL)
NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Abbreviations
ADB : Asian Development Bank ASI : Archeological Survey of India ASP : Activated Sludge Process BM : Bituminous Macadam DoEEF : Department of Ecology, Environment and Forests EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMP : Environmental Management Plan EP Act : Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 FAL : Facultative Aerated Lagoon GoI : Government of India GoK : Government of Karnataka GSB : Granular Sub-base IEE : Initial Environmental Examination KSPCB : Karnataka State Pollution Control Board MLD : Million Litre per Day MoEF : Ministry of Environment and Forests MSL : Mean Sea Level MSS : Mix Seal Surface NKUSIP : North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program NOC : No Objection Certificate NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen OM : Operations Manual PCC : Profile Concrete Course PWD : Public Works Department SOx : Oxides of Sulphur STP : Sewage Treatment Plant RSPM : Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter TSPM : Total Suspended Particulate Matter WMM : Wet Mix Macadam
KUIDFC i WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Contents I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Overview ...... 1 B. Environmental Regulatory Compliance ...... 1 C. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination ...... 3 D. Scope of IEE...... 3 E. Report Structure ...... 3 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS ...... 4 A. NKUSIP Investment Program Goal...... 4 B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Bijapur...... 6 1. Karnataka - Health Status...... 6 C. Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Bijapur CMC ...... 8 1. Sewerage System ...... 8 2. Urban Drainage System...... 10 D. Proposed Improvements in Bijapur CMC ...... 11 1. Sewerage System ...... 11 2. Urban Drainage System...... 17 E. Investment Program Implementation Schedule...... 17 F. Investment Program Benefits ...... 17 1. Sewerage System Improvements ...... 18 2. Urban Drainage System Improvements...... 18 G. Investment Program Alternatives...... 18 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT...... 20 A. Environmental Profile of Bijapur ...... 20 1. Physiography...... 20 2. Seismology...... 20 3. Climatic Conditions ...... 20 4. Surface Water...... 21 5. Groundwater ...... 21 6. Air Quality...... 21 7. Flora and Fauna ...... 22 8. Socio Economic Characteristics...... 22 9. Cultural and Historic Places...... 23 B. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites ...... 25 1. Sewerage...... 25 2. Urban Drainage ...... 27 IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 28
V. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN...... 47 A. Institutional Requirements ...... 47 B. Training Needs ...... 53 C. Environmental Monitoring Plans ...... 54 D. Cost Estimates of Environmental Monitoring Plan...... 67 VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 68 A. Overview ...... 68
KUIDFC ii WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
B. Redress of Grievances...... 69 VII. FINDING AND RECOMMENDATIONS...... 71 A. Findings ...... 71 B. Recommendations...... 71 VIII. CONCLUSIONS...... 73
Tables
Table 1. Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components ...... 2 Table 2. Water borne / related Diseases in Karnataka ...... 7 Table 3. Project Components to be Built under Tranche II...... 11 Table 4. Sewage Generation in Bijapur CMC in Design Period...... 12 Table 5. Design Parameters of STP ...... 13 Table 6. Land Requirement for STP in Bijapur...... 14 Table 7. Existing STP Land Details ...... 14 Table 8. Investment Program Alternatives...... 19 Table 9. Climatological Characteristics of Bijapur...... 21 Table 10. ASI Protected Monuments in Bijapur Town...... 23 Table 11. Screening of Impacts ...... 29 Table 12. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage System ...... 29 Table 13. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Drainage Upgradation...... 40 Table 14. Institutional Roles and Responsibilities ...... 51 Table 15. Training Needs (2008 – 2016)...... 53 Table 16. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System...... 55 Table 17. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Drainage Upgradation...... 61 Table 18. Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for Workers ...... 64 Table 19. Block Cost Estimates for Environmental Monitoring Plan...... 67 Table 20. Issues Addressed during Public Consultation along STP Site, Bijapur...... 68 Table 21. Environmental Issues of Infrastructure Components ...... 71
Figures
Figure 1. NKUSIP Implementing Organisation Hierarchy...... 49
Maps
Map 1. Project Location, Bijapur City Municipal Council ...... 5 Map 2. Layout of Proposed STP ...... 16 Map 3. Proposed STP Site and Surrounding ...... 27
Appendices
Appendix 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist – Sewerage Appendix 2. Resolution of Bijapur CMC to Adopt the Proposals for Bijapur Appendix 3. Notification on Prohibited and Regulated Areas around Protected Monuments
KUIDFC iii WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Appendix 4. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules 1959
KUIDFC iv WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Overview
1. The North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) proposes to improve the environmental quality of the urban areas through better urban infrastructure facilities and thus improve living conditions of the urban people. In the wake of poor infrastructure facilities and services such as water supply, sewerage and sanitation and solid waste management, the risk of infectious diseases through exposure to unhealthy environment runs high, particularly in the case of urban poor. Hence, the proposed Investment Program aims at minimizing or mitigating the risk and ensures the well-being of people. 2. Though the Investment Program aims to improve the environmental condition of urban areas, the proposed improvements of infrastructure facilities may exert certain adverse impacts on the natural environment. While developing urban infrastructure facilities, impacts during the construction stage are expected to be more severe than impacts during the operation phase, though for a short duration. Exceptions being some facilities such as sewage treatment plant, which may also exert adverse impacts during the operation phase also, if due care is not taken. Again, most of the impacts are activity-specific. However, if due care is taken during the construction phase, investment Program negative impacts will be far outweighed by positive impacts
B. Environmental Regulatory Compliance
3. The components of NKUSIP include environmental sanitation infrastructure, water supply infrastructure, urban roads improvement, slum infrastructure, and non-municipal infrastructure projects. Sub-components proposed for Bijapur Town, which fall under the ambit of environmental regulations and mandatory requirement, are indicated in Table 1.
KUIDFC 1 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Table 1. Environmental Regulatory Compliance of NKUSIP Components Sector Sub-Component Applicability of Acts Compliance Criteria / Guidelines Sewerage and • Sewage • Water • Consent for Sanitation Treatment (Prevention and Establishment and Plant Control of Consent for Operation Pollution) Act, from KSPCB 1974 Urban Drainage • Construction • The Ancient • Consent from of tunnel for Monuments and Archeological Survey drainage under Archeological of India. the fort wall Sites and protected by Remains Act, Archeological 1958 Survey of India. Sewerage and • All sub- • The Environment • Categorization of sub- Urban Drainage components Policy and project components Operations into A, B or C and Manual (OM) 20: developing required Environmental level of environmental Considerations in assessment for each ADB Operation component
4. The above table indicates that as far as GoI and GoK Acts/Guidelines are concerned, the proposed Investment Programs do not need to go through environmental assessment process; however, as specified, few sub-project components may require consent from Competent Authorities. The ADB guidelines, on the other hand, stipulate addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of Investment Program preparation. For this, the ADB Guidelines categorizes the proposed components into various categories (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment required to address the potential impacts. Level of environmental assessment required for each category of Investment Program, as per ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003 is presented below. i) Category A: Sub-project components with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. An environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required to address significant impacts. ii) Category B: Sub-project components judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for Category A Investment Programs. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required to determine whether significant environmental impacts warranting an EIA are likely. If an EIA is not needed, the IEE is regarded as the final environmental assessment report.
KUIDFC 2 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
iii) Category C: Sub-components unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. No EIA or IEE is required, although environmental implications are still reviewed.
C. Purpose of Initial Environmental Examination
5. The NKUSIP Package I – Dharwad covers six sub-project towns. To fulfill the ADB’s environmental assessment requirement for sector loans, the environmental assessment of sub-projects were carried out. Owing to the scale and nature of the proposed infrastructure components and environmental profile of the NKUSIP sub-project towns, prima facie almost all Investment Program components are unlikely to have adverse environmental impacts. 6. Therefore, as per the ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, the sub- project components proposed in Bijapur under NKUSIP are categorized as ‘B’ and an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) have been carried out.
D. Scope of IEE
7. The IEE was based mainly on secondary sources of information and field reconnaissance surveys; no field monitoring (environmental) survey was conducted. Stakeholder consultation was an integral part of the IEE.
E. Report Structure
8. This Report contains eight (8) sections including this introductory section: (i) introduction; (ii) description of Investment Program components; (iii) description of the environment; (iv) screening of potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures; (v) environmental monitoring plan; (vi) public consultation and information disclosure; (vii) finding and recommendation; and (viii) conclusions.
KUIDFC 3 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVESTMENT PROGRAM COMPONENTS
A. NKUSIP Investment Program Goal
9. The North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (NKUSIP) will finance investment for (i) Environmental Sanitation Infrastructure; (ii) Water supply Infrastructure; (iii) Urban Roads Improvement; (iv) Poverty Alleviation; (v) Non-Municipal Infrastructure; (vi) Institutional Development; and (vii) Investment Program Assistance. The overall development goal of the NKUSIP is to facilitate economic growth in the towns of North Karnataka and bring about urban development through equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that are environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The development purpose is designed to assist Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) to “promote good urban management, and develop and expand urban infrastructure to increase economic opportunities and to reduce vulnerability to environmental degradation and urban poverty”. 10. Thus the Investment Program goal is to facilitate economic growth in the towns/cities of North Karnataka and bring about urban development though equitable distribution of urban basic services to the citizens that is environmentally sound and operationally sustainable. The following are the urban infrastructure components proposed under the NKUSIP. i) Water Supply; ii) Sewerage; iii) Urban Drainage; iv) Urban Roads; v) Poverty Alleviation; and, vi) Non-Municipal Infrastructure (including Fire Services, Lake Development and Tourism)
11. Bijapur city, located at the northern most part of Karnataka is one among the 25 cities of the state of Karnataka where urban sector investment program has been proposed. The location map of the investment program for Bijapur is presented in Map 1.
KUIDFC 4 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Map 1. Project Location, Bijapur City Municipal Council
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12. NKUSIP program for Bijapur City Municipal Council is planned to be implemented in a course of 8 years as two phases – Phase 1 and Phase 2 targeting to meet the demand for the year 2041. The investment has been proposed in sewerage and urban drainage components for Bijapur CMC.
B. Need for Infrastructure Improvement in Bijapur
13. The city is one of the most important tourist hubs in the state of Karnataka and hence witnesses a high floating population of approximately 4000 per day with a tourist population of 1500. Further population in the city is growing as the city develops as an important destination for educational and commercial needs. Providing basic amenities to ensure high level of performance in environmental safe guard is quite necessary to ensure a long term urban sustainability. A study conducted by Department of Forests, Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka, 2003 has shown that the cities in the state of Karnataka has poor environmental performance due to lagging in ensuring basic infrastructure facilities to the urban population.
1. Karnataka - Health Status
14. In addition to the associated environmental pollution, importantly, due to lack of safe and adequate water supply and sanitation facilities, the risk of infectious diseases through exposure to unhealthy environment runs high, particularly in the case of urban poor. The State of Environment Report∗ (SOER), 2003, Karnataka, brings out the fact that the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities is essentially leading to the health related consequences. The following are the important observations of the report. i) “Loss of access to the safe drinking water and sanitation is a matter of great concern. It is estimated that 75-80% of water pollution by volume is caused by domestic sewage. The remaining is industrial waste water which could be more toxic. Due to improper drainage and lack of disposal facilities, industries and local bodies use large areas of land for disposal of wastewater” ii) “Adverse health effects are associated with ingestion of contaminated water, lack of access to sanitation, contact with unsafe water and improper management of water resources and agriculture. Infectious diarrhea makes the single largest contribution to the burden of disease associated with unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Besides the water borne
∗ Department of Forests, Ecology & Environment, Government of Karnataka has prepared the SOER 2003.
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diseases like cholera, jaundice, other gastrointestinal track infections are quite significant amongst the population”. iii) “These diseases occur in different parts of the state, mostly during summer when there is scarcity of drinking water and source water gets contaminated. The data maintained by Health and Family Welfare Department (2003) indicates that number of attacks for gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis and typhoid are increasing. The yearly occurrence of water borne diseases like cholera and gastroenteritis makes it very clear that environmental impact of water on health is very profound and significant.” Table 2. Water borne / related Diseases in Karnataka Year Gastroenteritis Cholera Leptospirosis Viral Typhoid Hepatitis Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal Total Fatal 1991 17455 691 747 16 - - 659 17 - - 1992 15262 608 402 14 - - 282 17 - - 1993 16206 855 424 13 - - 678 7 26047 1 1994 15932 325 304 10 - - 382 0 20349 0 1995 18645 396 532 38 - - 7146 1 10250 0 1996 22983 377 657 6 - - 1332 6 22221 12 1997 23665 361 714 10 67 2 1714 4 3880 5 1998 23881 501 434 2 1 0 3824 2 2435 0 1999 17743 126 134 3 54 2 4792 2 24356 1 2000 31132 265 354 3 3 1 3011 10 27210 0 2001 23893 198 342 1 68 7 5438 28 33346 6 2002 25218 146 384 0 27 0 4578 15 42936 2 Source: SOER, 2003. 15. Hence it is evident that the lack of safe water supply and sanitation facilities is leading to health consequences in the State. Bijapur City is implementing an augmentation to the City Water Supply Scheme under UIDSSMT funding from Government of India. Considering the immediate attention required in improving the environmental quality of the city with prior emphasis to public health the present program is proposed to invest on following sectors i) Sewerage ii) Urban Drainage
16. Already water supply improvement schemes are under development in Bijapur CMC with the assistance of Government of India; hence that component was not considered in Tranche 2 subproject under NKUSIP. The following section details the status of sewerage and sanitation and urban drainage facilities in Bijapur town.
KUIDFC 7 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
C. Existing Basic Infrastructure Facilities in Bijapur CMC
1. Sewerage System
17. Bijapur was established as an important town in North Karnataka from 12th Century onwards. Bijapur City has three piped water supply systems. Bhutnal Tank was the first water supply system constructed in 1914 based on a local Lake. The maximum storage level is 563.499 m. The water treatment plant is designed to treat 10 MLD water. Krishna River First Stage Water Supply System at Kolhar Village is the second one with back water of Almatti Irrigation dam as the source of water. The water treatment plant (10 MLD ultimate treatment capacity) is located at Malghan. The Krishna River Second Stage Water Supply System is designed to supply 27.24 MLD water to a population of 270,000 expected in year 2006 and 45.40 MLD water to a population of 350,000 expected in year 2021 at the rate of 135 lpcd. Together, the supply to the town during the summer months works to 65 MLD at 121 litres per capita per day (lpcd), gross supply – it is estimated that 20 - 30 percent of water supplied is lost through transmission and distribution, with consumers receiving a net supply of 80 lpcd. The supply is once every fourth day, for two hours duration.
18. In 1976 an underground sewerage network along with an STP was commissioned to cover old part of Bijapur city. It was designed to cover 1,50,000 population in the city within the fort wall and for sewage flow of 13.50 MLD. The sewer network covers about 40 percent of the CMC area and nearly 250 km out of a total of 580 km of roads. In the remaining areas, individual septic tanks and dry latrines provide the disposal system for the human waste. However many sewers are blocked or broken and the sewage overflows and stagnates in cesspools around manholes. The domestic wastewater flowing through the roadside drains into the nallahs is a common sight.
19. The general slope in Bijapur city is from south to north. There are four valley lines, which eventually terminate into the natural drain (Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah) at a distance of about 1 km to the north of the city. The wastewater flows along these valley lines. 80 percent of the waste water flows into the primary drain at Shahapeti and to Hanchinal Kere. 10 percent area drains into Bhutnal tank, while remaining 10 percent area on the east drains into Burunapur halla.
20. The existing sewerage network is reviewed to understand its coverage and
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performance. For this, sewered area within the fort wall is divided into four drainage zones A, B, C and D. The sewer network consists of four main sewers serving four drainage zones and two outfall sewers. Main sewer of Zone D joins the sewer of Zone C. Similarly, main sewer of A and B join the outfall sewer at the same point near the fort wall. The length of main sewers and outfall sewers is 10,968 m. The sewer network has 1,354 manholes (depth from 0.9 m to 5.5 m), 457 flushing tanks, 305 ventilators and 23,900 saddle points. 23,900 properties have been connected to the sewer line. Many parts of the main sewers are not accessible and there is no sewer maintenance. The existing system is overloaded and hence overflowing at many manhole locations causing unhealthy and foul conditions at many areas.
21. The main sewers are in a bad shape. The sewer lines are broken and sewage flows to the fields. About 40 - 50 percent length of the main sewers is not accessible and hence are reportedly not maintained. The diameter of pipe lines provided at many places seems inadequate and hence overflow of sewage is a regular phenomenon. Outfall sewers are also not accessible, as they pass through fields. They are broken open by the farmers for diverting the sewage for agricultural purpose. The local and branch sewers are comparatively in a better condition. They are cleaned by rodding and flushing by using water from tankers.
22. The Sewage Treatment Plant, constructed in 1976, was designed to treat 13.50 MLD sewage and was planned to have i) Screens; ii) Grit chamber;
iii) Two anaerobic ponds, each of 5 Existing STP Site acres size, 3.5 feet average depth and 4 days detention; iv) Four aerobic ponds, each of 6 acres size, 3 ft depth and 5.5 days detention. v) A treated water pumping system with centrifugal pumps of 160,000 gallons / hour discharge, 60 feet head and 75 HP motors pumped through a 525 mm diameter RCC P2 class pipeline laid for a length of about 870 m,
23. However only two structures are seen in an abandoned state in the STP site; one is a pump house and other is a well meant for pumping the treated sewage for irrigation. Other units were not observed in the location and it is not clear that STP was in place or was in use at any time.
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2. Urban Drainage System
24. Bijapur city is having road side drain for about 37.00 km. The total length of the roads in the city is 586 km; hence the drains are required for a total length of 1172 km. City is situated on a flat terrain, with predominant slope from south to north. There are four natural valleys in the city, which terminate in a natural water course at a distance of 1 km north of the city. The drainage system in Bijapur city consists of one major nallah, the Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah which runs through the city in south-north direction along Shahpetti Slum area, APMC market, Fort wall, Indi Road Culvert, Outer Ring Road Bridge and joins in Hanchinal Kere. Existing tertiary and secondary drains are connecting to this primary drain.
25. The Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah is a natural nallah, irregular in shape, comparatively shallow and about 1.5 km long within the city limit. The nallah course is full of trees, vegetation and debris. It carries wastewater of major part of the city, which flows into the nallah through the road side drains or through the overflowing manholes of the outfall sewer of UGD system. Farmers lift this water and use it for agriculture. The nallah also is the principal carrier of about 80 percent of the city’s storm water. About 10 percent of the storm water flows to Bhutnal tank, while remaining 10 percent from the area east of the railway line flows to the Burunapur halla.
26. It is seen that this nallah starts from Shahpetti which is a slum area. In the Shahpetti area the nallah is about 1 m wide and both sides are protected with cement plastered random rubble side walls. The sewage from the slum area flows in the nallah. It is seen that the nallah is partially filled with silt and waste. All the waste water from this slum is discharged to the nallah. The situation becomes severe at the Apsara theatre area near to APMC market where the existing sewer manholes were seen overflowing like fountains inundating the nearby area with sewage and this sewage then flows through the nallah. It seems the sewer manholes and lines are blocked or broken beyond this point and hence no sewage reaches the old STP. The side protection works in random rubble masonry with out plastering is damaged at many places in the Apsara theatre locality and needs restoration.
27. Thereafter the nallah flows for about 300 m by the side of the boundary wall of APMC market and over flows to the adjoining Municipal land inundating this land partially. The Main sewer trunk line of old system is seen adjacent to this nallah, but no sewage is coming through this; the manholes are seen blocked or destroyed. The nallah is having side protection works in this area
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but since the height of protection work is not adequate, the water overflows. Hence the side protection work is to be redone for this 300 m length of the nallah on either side. Two branch drains join in this area. The nallah then crosses the fort wall through a culvert.
28. After this, nallah flows on the side of Indi road for about 500 m and crosses the Indi road through a newly made culvert and there after overflows on to the low lying area near the old STP site. This section of the nallah is covered with thick vegetation which needs to be removed and side protection works provided on both sides. After the Indi road culvert since the ground is level, water flows over the entire area causing flooding. Side protection works are required after the culvert portion at least for about 300 m to avoid the overflow to low lying land. Thereafter the nallah flows along the side of STP land along its natural course finally meets Hanchinal Kere.
D. Proposed Improvements in Bijapur CMC
29. Proposed components under the project to be built under Tranche II is presented in Table 3. Table 3. Project Components to be Built under Tranche II Sl. No. Infrastructure Description Location 1. Sewerage System Rehabilitation of existing sewers STP at CMC land in and manholes, construction of Malbagayat village 150 km of new sewer lines with provision for road overlay, 25 MLD FAL type STP with provision for equipments and provision for 10000 service connections. 2. Urban drainage Desilting and upgradation of Shahpetti – Indi road Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere culvert section in phase I nallah and Indi road - Hanchinal Kere section in phase II 1. Sewerage System
30. Since the existing system is deficient in collecting and treating the sewage generated in the city, under the present Investment Program it is proposed to develop a comprehensive sewerage system including collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal system. Based on the topographical features Municipal area is divided in to two sewerage Districts - District 1, and District 2, which is presented in Map 2.
KUIDFC 11 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Map 2. Sewerage Districts for Bijapur
31. The design period is taken as 30 years starting from 2011 to 2041. The Bijapur CMC area will be covered with a scientifically designed sewerage network by laying trunk mains and primary collection systems. The sewage generation is based on the population projection for incremental years and considering the sewage generation at 84 lpcd, considering 80% of the water supply contributes to sewage. Based on that the projected sewage generation for the design period will be as presented in Table 4 below. Table 4. Sewage Generation in Bijapur CMC in Design Period Year Period Population Sewage Flow @ 80% of Water Supplied (MLD) 2011 Initial 318624 26.76 2026 Intermediate 452665 38.02 2041 Ultimate 624515 52.46 Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment 32. The existing sewage network will be rehabilitated by doing maintenance on existing sewers and manholes. It is proposed to lay a sewer line for an additional length of 150 km. There will be associated road restoration works
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as the proposals include laying of sewer network along roads.
33. There are number of options to treat the wastewater to the standards of disposal to Inland surface water. The options like Attached Growth Aerobic or Anaerobic Systems or Suspended Growth Systems shall be adopted. The availability of land for Treatment plant, the cost of treatment and its operation and maintenance are the prime issues while selecting the suitable option. It is always advantageous to go for a treatment plant where much operational and maintenance aspects are less, if the land is sufficiently available.
34. Based on the above factors, Facultative Aerated Lagoon is proposed to treat the Sewage to the standards for surface water disposal for Bijapur city. About 90 percent reduction in the BOD and COD values shall be expected in the facultative ponds attributing to the design requirement. Table 5. Design Parameters of STP Parameter Unit Design Design CPCB Influent Effluent Norm for Inland Surface Water Discharge Design Flow MLD 25 25 Biochemical Oxygen Demand Mg/l 250 20-30 30 Detention Time 5 days Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment 35. The proposed treatment plant consists of pre-treatment and treatment units. The Pre-treatment Units comprises of two flow splitters followed by two screen chambers and grit chambers. This will be followed by a wet well designed to hold 5 minutes of flow for the year 2041. There shall be submersible pumps of suitable capacity which can satisfactorily pump sewage operating in the wet well.
36. The treatment will be carried out in Facultative Aerated Lagoon. The unit will be established with a capacity to handle 25 MLD of sewage. The lagoon will be partially under ground and partially above ground with baffles. The top width of the baffle has been kept 1.5 m for easy movement of maintenance crew through the length of the lagoon and lagoon outer bund width has been kept 2.95 m for vehicular access. The depth will include 3.8 m water depth, 0.5 m sludge depth with 0.5 m as free board. The sewage will have 5 days detention time and aeration will be done through mechanical aerators, 8 units per chamber. Concrete weirs are planned on the incoming and outgoing bays to facilitate inlet and outlet. The overflow from outlet weir shall be collected by a leading channel that discharges on to Primary Drain.
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37. It is proposed to provide Buffer Zone with green plantations around the STP. There are provisions for access roads, Diesel Generator for power backup, DG room, lighting and sludge drying beds in STP site with the total area completely fenced and entry into the STP premises is restricted to the authorized ones.
38. Sewage will be treated in STP upto the discharge limit in surface water and will be discharged in to Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah, which will join River at North Eastern Side of the city. It has been observed that there are no water supply schemes in the nearest vicinity of discharge point. Hence the proposal does not pose any environmental risk to river water quality. Presently as the stream is carrying raw sewage from the city which causes significant impacts on its ecology and its neighborhoods, it is expected that the proposed STP will rejuvenate the ecological status of stream and will curtail environmental pollution due to irrigation with raw sewage along the agricultural fields.
39. Thus, Facultative Aerated Lagoon (FAL) based STP of capacity 25 MLD will be established as a preliminary module. FAL based STP is selected as it can bring better quality of treated water with less land requirement. The STP site will be the same site where there was an STP established in 1976. In order to construct a 1 MLD FAL type STP, about 0.84 Acres (0.35 Ha) of land required. Based on this the following are the extent of land required for Bijapur STP for different horizon years. Table 6. Land Requirement for STP in Bijapur Year Period Sewage Flow (MLD) Land required for FAL STP (Acres) 2011 Initial 27 23 2026 Intermediate 38 32 2041 Ultimate 52 45 Source: DPR for Sewage Treatment 40. Thus the land required for FAL type STP for the ultimate design year 2041 is about 45 acres. Bijapur CMC is already having about 56 acres of land under its possession at Malbagayat village where the old STP was located. This land is free of any settlement and is suitable for STP. The detail of land at Malbagayat village is given below. Table 7. Existing STP Land Details Sl No Village Sy.No Area (acres) Owner of the Land 1 Malbagayat 102/2 0.03.00 CMC Bijapur 2 Malbagayat 103/1A 4.12.08 CMC Bijapur 3 Malbagayat 103/1B+2 3.16.00 Drainage Project Officer, Bijapur 4 Malbagayat 104/2 5.15.00 CMC Bijapur
KUIDFC 14 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Sl No Village Sy.No Area (acres) Owner of the Land 5 Malbagayat 105/2 9.26.00 CMC Bijapur 6 Malbagayat 108/1B 5.00.00 CMC Bijapur 7 Malbagayat 108/2B 4.26.00 CMC Bijapur 8 Malbagayat 116/2 6.17.00 CMC Bijapur 9 Malbagayat 114/2 15.37.00 CMC Bijapur 10 Malbagayat 117/2 1.15.00 CMC Bijapur 11 Malbagayat 119/IX 0.01.00 Drainage Project Officer, Bijapur 12 Malbagayat 123/XI 0.10.00 Drainage Project Officer, Bijapur 13 Malbagayat 124/B2 0.14.00 CMC Bijapur TOTAL 56.32.08 Source: NKUSIP CLIP Report 41. The site is located along the bank of Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah and hence the treated sewage can be disposed off in to the same.
42. The break up of NKUSIP program for Bijapur include repair of sewers and manholes, reconstruction of STP at a total cost of Rs. 1.595 Cr. Construction of 150 km of new sewer lines with provision for road overlay, 25 MLD sewage treatment plant with provision for equipments and provision for 10000 service connections. The total investment allotted is Rs.42.945 Cr. To this the ULB has resolved to add 9 crores from other sectors. The total allotment comes to Rs 51.95 Crores. Map 2 below presents proposed STP layout.
KUIDFC 15 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Map 3. Layout of Proposed STP
KUIDFC 16 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
2. Urban Drainage System
43. The urban drainage system will be upgraded in two Phases. In the first phase Shahpetti – Indi Road culvert section of the Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah is considered for immediate restoration by desilting and constructing pucca drain for 0.535 km made of Course Rubble Masonry in between fort wall and Indi road culvert.
44. At the Shahpetti area up to AMPC Market road the drain flows through slum area and already pucca side protection works are done. About 1.5 km length of nallah is to be de-silted. The side protection works are required for about 500 m. Out of this, about 50 m is the restoration of damaged rubble wall near Apsara theatre area. The nallah flows down and crosses the fort wall after this for about 10 m a tunnel like culvert under the fort wall is suggested. After the fort wall, the nallah is to be cleared from thick vegetation, widened from 4.0 m to 4.50 m width and de-silted and side protection will provided for a total length of 535 m up to the culvert across Indi road.
45. In the second phase, along the side of APMC Compound wall till fort wall, for about 775 m, Pucca drain of width from 2.50 m to 3.75 m will be provided and in the section between Indi Road culvert and Ring Road bridge, since the nallah overflows on to flat area causing floods, it is proposed to construct earthen channel and inside face shall be lined with locally available stone pitching. This is to be done for about 1528 m up to the outer ring road on the northern part.
46. From the outer ring road upto Hachinal Kere, nallah flows through open space and no development is taking place at this area. Here clearing of vegetation and de-silting the nallah and making a good cross section is suggested.
E. Investment Program Implementation Schedule
47. The Investment Program is to be implemented over an eight-year period, commencing in FY 2009-10 and civil works construction starting in FY2009-10. Completion is scheduled by end FY 2015-16.
F. Investment Program Benefits
48. In view of the lack of basic infrastructure facilities and its adverse impacts on the environment and also on socio-economic characteristics, the proposed Investment Program aims at providing infrastructure facilities such as
KUIDFC 17 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
adequate and safe sewerage and drainage facilities to overcome negative environmental impacts. Investment Program benefits and beneficiaries in the Bijapur are discussed below1. Sewerage System Improvements
49. Benefits arising from the provision of a well reticulated sewerage network and safe treatment and disposal of sewage comprise (i) reduced incidence of water-borne diseases and mosquito menace (ii) improvement in public health conditions with better sanitation; (iii) reduction in risks of ground water contamination; (iv) stoppage of sewage flow in open storm water drains and from stagnating sewage pools; (v) reduced risk of treated water supply contamination; (vi) reduced health risk of agricultural laborers due to usage of raw sewage for irrigation; (vii) reduced risk of contamination of agricultural fields; and (viii) availability of treated effluent for agricultural purposes. Investment Program beneficiaries will be households getting new connections through proposed sewer lines under this Investment Program. Households who are getting new connections will gain from improved environmental sanitation conditions through properly functioning sewerage system. The proposed system will benefit for 65% of total households in the ultimate year, 2041.
2. Urban Drainage System Improvements
50. Benefits arising from improvement in the drainage system comprise (i) reduction in blocked drains and canals and overflowing of culverts, thereby reducing adverse health impacts on residents in low-lying areas; and (ii) improvement in health and environmental conditions due to non-incidence of water stagnation and mosquito breeding; (iii) reduction in pollution risk of downstream water bodies; and (iv) direct benefits to households from avoided flood damage costs and work time lost.
G. Investment Program Alternatives
51. The environmental suitability of the proposed components are judged through the selected location and proposed process/technology during both the construction and operation phases. The interaction and the level of interference with the surrounding land use determine the environmental sustainability of the Investment Program components. However, the components proposed under NKUSIP are basic urban infrastructure services, most of which are location fixed providing scope for alternatives only in terms of technology, which again are limited. However, facilities such as sewage treatment plants offer variety of technologies. The following Table 8
KUIDFC 18 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
shows environmental suitability of the selected alternatives.
Table 8. Investment Program Alternatives Sub-Component Suitability of Selected Alternative Sewerage System The best alternative for the sewerage system is to design the system based on gravity flow. The proposed gravity system will be simple in operation and require less man power and importantly does not require energy. The natural gravity is utilized to run the system.
There are various options to treat the wastewater to the standards of either inland surface water discharge or for land disposal after treatment. Options like Attached Growth Aerobic or Anaerobic Systems or Suspended Growth Systems may be adopted. The availability of land for establishing a treatment plant, the cost of treatment and its operation and maintenance are prime issues considered for selecting suitable treatment options. Availability of land provides reason to adopt treatment technologies with minimal operation and maintenance costs. Based on these considerations, Facultative Aerated Lagoons are proposed for Bijapur.
Storm Water It is proposed to improve the Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah, Drainage which is acting as the primary drain of the city by desilting and constructing pucca drains in two phases.
KUIDFC 19 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
A. Environmental Profile of Bijapur
1. Physiography
52. Bijapur is located at latitude 16048’ north and longitude 75043’ east and at an altitude of 594 m above the mean sea level. The town is an important tourist destination of the state of Karnataka and also developing as an important trade centre in the district. It has good educational facilities. The town extends to an area of 94.93 km2 and houses 2,45,946 population as per Census 2001.
53. The general slope is towards the north. There are four natural valleys in the city, which ultimately meet at Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah running at a distance of about 1 km north of the city. There are dominating features such as hills, rivers, etc in the immediate surrounding of the city and the land beyond is either agricultural or pasture and is all flat and gently sloping from south to north. The major food crops grown are jowar, maize, bajra, wheat, red gram and Bengal gram. Oil seeds like, sunflower, groundnut, and cash crops like cotton and sugar cane are grown in abundant.
2. Seismology
54. As per the seismic zoning map of India, Bijapur town falls under the Zone II, which is referred to as low damage earth quake risk zone in India.
3. Climatic Conditions
55. Bijapur falls under temperate semi arid region. The climate of Bijapur is salubrious and temperate throughout the year. The temperature of city ranges from 150 C in the months of December and January to 370 C in the months of April and May. Bijapur is classified as moderate to low rainfall-receiving area. The average annual rainfall at Bijapur is 510 mm with 33 rainy days. Because of the scanty rainfall in certain years, the city has been affected by famine many a time and even continuously for 2 to 3 years. Monsoons are spread over five months from June to October.
56. The following Table 9 shows the mean maximum and minimum temperature, rain fall, relative humidity and wind speed for Bijapur district compiled by India Meteorological Department with data recorded from 1941 to 1990.
KUIDFC 20 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Table 9. Climatological Characteristics of Bijapur Month Minimum Maximum Relative Wind Speed Total Temperature Temperature Humidity (Kmph) Rainfall (O C) (O C) (% ) (mm) Jan 16.77 30.92 53.13 2.93 0.06 Feb 18.74 33.80 45.25 3.35 0.11 Mar 22.17 37.07 40.39 3.31 0.18 April 24.33 39.05 43.68 3.90 0.58 May 24.18 39.17 50.47 5.19 1.41 June 22.80 33.62 54.28 7.66 2.97 July 22.02 30.91 74.74 8.86 2.78 Aug 21.66 30.42 75.61 8.33 2.75 Sep 21.59 31.41 73.17 5.70 5.55 Oct 21.25 31.65 65.82 3.48 3.23 Nov 18.56 30.41 60.10 2.95 0.82 Dec 16.02 29.69 56.48 2.76 0.20 Source: India Meteorological Department, Pune. 4. Surface Water
57. Bijapur district is drained by Krishna River and its tributaries. On the north, the Bhima river drains the northern strip for about 20 miles; the river acts as a boundary for about 95 miles. In the centre, the land is drained by the Dhone river, which too joins the Krishna just outside the administrative limits of the district. Several small stream drain the immediate borders of the Krishna but on the southern side the Ghataprabha and Malaprabha river are the leading tributaries. There are no rivers flowing through Bijapur CMC limit and only few tanks are observed. Hanchinal Kere, Bhutnal Kere and Begam Tank are the important surface water bodies within CMC limit.
5. Groundwater
58. The main source of water supply for the town is from Krishna River. In the unserved areas of the town, the population is dependent on groundwater sources. The groundwater table is the area is deep fluctuating between 30 ft and 50 ft below ground level.
6. Air Quality
59. As there are no major air pollution potential sources, the air quality of the town, in general, is within acceptable limits. Currently, no air quality monitoring stations are in operation within CMC limit.
KUIDFC 21 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
7. Flora and Fauna
60. There are no forest areas within Bijapur CMC and there are no sensitive environmental features such as National Parks, Wetlands, and Biosphere Reserves. The important tree species found in Bijapur district are Hardwickia binata, Soymida-febrifuga, Acacia sundra, Anogeissus latifolia, Melia Indica, Pongamia glabra, Tamarindus indica, Cacia fistula, Albizzia amara, etc.
61. The fauna include common animals such as fox, cattles and birds population along cultivated and inhabitant areas including jungle crow, house crow, mynah, golden backed wood-pecker, pigeons, grey jungle fowl, grey partridge, water hen, eagle etc.
8. Socio Economic Characteristics
62. Demography: The population of Bijapur is increasing at a steady pace. The increase in the population of Bijapur can be attributed to the establishment of educational institutions like the Sainik School, Ayurvedic College, Science, Arts, Commerce College, Engineering college and Medical college along with increasing in floating population to visit tourist places. The average daily floating population in the city is about 4,000, which includes an average of 1,500 tourists and a large section of people coming from the nearby towns and villages for their livelihood. Bijapur population has grown from 1,93,131 in 1991 to 2,45,946 in 2001 indicating a growth rate of 27.35 percent. The highest and lowest population growth rates recorded were 41.74 percent during 1971- 1981 and 15.98 percent during 1901-1911. Bijapur has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5 %; with male literacy of 76 % and female literacy of 62 %. 13 % of the population is under 6 years of age. The population density of Bijapur shows a decrease from 3,290 persons per sq. km in 1981 to 2,653 persons per sq. km in 1991 and to 2,591 persons per sq. km in 2001. The decrease in population density can be attributed to the substantial increase in the municipal area from 44.78 sq. km in 1981 to 75.36 sq. km in 1991 and again to 94.93 sq. km in 2001. However, the area within the fort walls, which constitutes the original settlement of Bijapur, remains densely populated as compared to the new developments at the fringe areas of the city.
63. Sex Ratio: According to Census 2001, males constitute 51 % of the population and females 49 %. Bijapur has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 76% and female literacy of 62%.
KUIDFC 22 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
64. Economic Base: Economy of the city relies largely on tourism as the city is one of the most important tourist destinations of south India. Further 78 % of the land of Bijapur District is under cultivation; thus agriculture plays an important role in the economy if the District and due to its connectivity and vast agricultural hinterland, the town of is an important trading centre for agricultural based products in the district. Bijapur has Agriculture Producers Market Committee (APMC) yard that caters to the surrounding towns and villages, and mainly deals with cotton, groundnut, jowar, wheat, bajra and oil seeds.
65. Poverty: In Bijapur, there are 21 declared slums and 34 undeclared slums. According to Census 2001, the total population in the declared slums is 33,548 and the estimated population in the undeclared slum is 54,762. Hence, an estimated 13.64 % of the total population in municipal area reside in declared slums and 22.25 percent of the total population reside in undeclared slums. Slums occupy 173 acres of area, which is 0.74 percent of the total municipal area.
9. Cultural and Historic Places
66. Bijapur is one of the famous Historical cities having been the “Capital” of Chalukya emperor Vikramaditya in sixth century AD, subsequently; it came under the rule of Bahmani Sultans and Adil Shahi Dynasty in fifteenth century AD. Its founders called Bijapur as Vijaypura or city of victory. Ali Adil Shah was the first great builder of the Adil Shahi Dynasty. The first Fortification of the whole city of Bijapur was done under him along with construction of structures like Gagan Mahal, Chand Bavdi, Jami Masjid. Then came Ibrahim Adil Shah, who was a great lover of Hindu music and philosophy and built Sat Manzil, Malika Jahan Masjid, Anand Mahal, Taz Bavdi and Sangeet Mahal. Then came Muhammad Adil Shah on the Masnad in 1627. He erected many buildings in the city, two of the more important ones being Asar Mahal and the world famous Gol Gumbaz. In Bijapur, there are more than 50 mosques, 20 tombs and a number of palaces. The list of monuments inside the city limit protected by Archaeological Survey of India is given in Table 10. Table 10. ASI Protected Monuments in Bijapur Town Sl.No ASI Protected Monument Sl.No ASI Protected Monument 1 Afzul Khan's wives’ tombs 5 Ali II Rouza 2 Afzul Khan's Cenotaph 6 Ali-Shahid Pir's Masjid 3 Ain-ul-Mulk's Tomb 7 All old guns on ramparts and 4 Ali I Rouza in trophy
KUIDFC 23 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Sl.No ASI Protected Monument Sl.No ASI Protected Monument 8 Ambar Khana 41 Mosque of the Gol Gumbaz 9 Andu Masjid 42 Mosque No. 21 (behind Chand 10 Asar Mahal bavri) 11 Batulla Khan's Masjid 43 Mosque No.213 12 Bukhari Masjid 44 Mosque No.366 13 Chand Bavdi 45 Moti Dargah 14 Chhoti Asar Mosque 46 Mubarak Khan's Mahal 15 Chinch Didi Masjid 47 Mulla Mosque 16 Dakhni Idgah 48 Mustafa Khan's Mosque 17 Dam of Ramalinga tank, two 49 Nau Gumbaz outlets, massonry water 50 Nitya Navari tomb & Masjid channels running at right near Moti Masjid angles to the north and 51 Old Mosque No. 294 adjoining gateway at the 52 Ruined gateway with extreme east end inscriptions slab No. 127 18 Gagan Mahal 53 Sat Mazli 19 Dhaiwadi Masjid near Allapur 54 Shah Navaz Khan's tomb Gate 55 Sikandar Shah's tomb 20 Gates & walls of the city & 56 Small pavilion in front of citadels Arash mahal 21 Gol Gumbaz 57 Small tomb No. 47 22 Grave of Aurangzaeb's wife in 58 Sonheri Masjid Navbagh 59 Tomb of Pir Shaik Hamid 23 Green Stone tomb Khadir 24 Gumat Baori 60 Tomb No. 22 on the western 25 Haji Hasan Saheb's tomb bank of Chand Bavdi 26 Hasan Guljar's tomb with 61 Tomb No. 48 marble tomb stone near 62 Acquaguard with moat Ramalinga tank 63 Water pavilions 27 Hyder (Ujpli) Buruj 64 Water pavilions to the south- 28 Hyder Khan's tomb west of the church in the 29 Ibrahim I Jami Masjid Arquilla 30 Ikhalas Khan's Mosque 65 Water towers Nos. 31 Jahan Begum's Tomb 61,67,91,114,115,142, 147, 286 32 Jalmandir and 289 33 Jod Gumbaj 66 Well at Ibrahimpur 34 Juma Masjid 67 Yakub Dabuli's Mosque & Tomb No.204 35 Kamarkhi Gumbaz 68 Yusuf's old Jami Masjid 36 Ibrahim Rauza 69 Zanziri or Malik Jahan 37 Karimuddin's Mosque Begum's Mosque 38 Makka Masjid 39 Mahtar Mahal 40 Moats of the fort wall
KUIDFC 24 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
67. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 and Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules 1959 restrict activities along and the adjoining areas of protected monuments. According to Clause (2), Definitions of the Rules,
a) “Construction”, means the construction of any structure and includes additions to or alterations of an existing building. e) “Mining operation”, means any operation for the purpose of searching for or obtaining minerals and includes quarrying, excavating, blasting and any operation of a like nature. f) “Prohibited area” or “Regulated area” means an area near or adjoining a protected monument which the Central Government has, by notification in the official gazette, declared to be a prohibited area, or as the case may be , a regulated area for mining operation or construction of both”
68. According to Clause (11), Licence required for excavation, “No person other than an archaeological officer or an officer authorized by him in this behalf shall undertake any excavation for archaeological purpose in any protected area except under and in accordance with the terms and condition of a license granted under rule 13.”
69. From the above clauses, it is quite obvious that construction of sewer line will not come under any construction activity or mining operation, and further, the term “excavation” means the excavation for archaeological purpose; hence it is not a prohibited activity along the area adjoining to protected monuments. But under urban drainage component as the drain has to be constructed below the existing fort wall, which is a protected monument by ASI, consent has to be obtained from ASI circle at Dharwad.
70. Notification on Prohibited and Regulated Areas around Protected Monuments is presened as Appendix 3 and Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules 1959 is presenetd as Appendix 4.
B. Environmental Settings of Investment Program Component Sites
1. Sewerage
71. Sewer Lines: Sewer lines are proposed along the roads of densely built up areas of Bijapur City. Homes and business establishments are located along the network routes. The city limit is well developed and there are no environmental hotspots along the proposed areas. Beyond the City limits, the
KUIDFC 25 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
sewer trunk main passes along agricultural lands.
72. STP Site: The location of the sewage treatment plant is ideally suited as it is located in a lower level from town supporting gravity flow till the disposal point. The town predominantly slopes from south to north and therefore the STP site selected in the northern portion of the town. The STP location is shown in Map 4. i) The peak flow for ultimate year is estimated to be 52.46 MLD. It has been estimated that the land requirement per MLD of the sewage to be treated with Facultative Aerated Lagoon is 0.84 acre. So the total land requirement for the STP Site for the peak flow of 52.46 MLD for the ultimate year, shall be 44.0664 acre (approx. 45 acre). ii) Bijapur CMC is already having about 56 acres of land under its possession at Malbagayat village where the old STP was located. This land is free of any settlement and is suitable for STP. iii) Topography of the site is predominantly flat. The soil of the site is characterised by clayey soil. iv) The depth of groundwater table is deep at around 30 to 50 m below ground level. v) There is no development in the vicinity. Sparse development can be observed at around 304 from the site. vi) Site is surrounded by open areas and agricultural fields. Due to non- availability of irrigation facilities only rain fed crops are cultivated here. Cotton and pulses are the main crops cultivated in the area. No groundwater extraction points such as bore wells are located with in the vicinity.
73. Water quality of Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere Nallah flowing adjascent to the STP site is deteriorated due to the discharge of untreated sewage. Baseline water quality of the nallah shall be monitored by the Contractor before starting the construction of the STP.
KUIDFC 26 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
N
Proposed STP Site
Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere Nallah
Map 4. Proposed STP Site and Surrounding
74. The site has proper access; a road passes adjacent to the site. A small stream, Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere Nallah, which is presently draining the waste water from the town form the western boundary of the STP site. In the present proposal, the treated effluent from STP is proposed to be discharged in to this stream. This stream joins Hanchinal Kere lake at 2.10 km down stream and over flow from this lake joins Dodda Halla, another stream originating from Bhutnal Kere, a fresh water lake once used as the major water source for the city, at 8.70 km down stream from Hanchinal Kere.
2. Urban Drainage
75. The Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah is proposed to be improved in two phases by desilting of the nallah along with providing pucca / earthen drains and protection walls. This will improve the environmental setting of the surrounding areas as it will curtail inundation of land along the bank of the nallah with sewage and wastewater. As desilting will remove the blocking of sewage and stagnation of waste water, it is expected that there will be least possibility of mosquito menace which will protect public health along the region. By providing protective walls and assuring regular maintenance there will be least chances for flooding of waste water in to the neighbouring lands and associated difficulties for the public.
KUIDFC 27 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination IV. SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
76. Potential environmental impacts of the proposed infrastructure components are presented in this section. Mitigation measures to minimize/mitigate negative impacts, if any, are recommended along with the agency responsible for implementation. Monitoring actions to be conducted during the implementation phase is also recommended to reduce the impact.
77. Screening of potential environmental impacts is categorized into four categories considering Investment Program phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre construction phase), construction phase impacts and operations and maintenance phase impacts. i) Location impacts include impacts associated with site selection and include loss of on-site biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes impacts on people who will lose their livelihood or any other structures by the development of that site. ii) Design impacts include impacts arising from Investment Program design, including technology used, scale of operation/throughput, waste production, discharge specifications, pollution sources and ancillary services. iii) Construction impacts include impacts caused by site clearing, earthworks, machinery, vehicles and workers. Construction site impacts include erosion, dust, noise, traffic congestion and waste production. iv) O&M impacts include impacts arising from the operation and maintenance activities of the infrastructure facility. These include routine management of operational waste streams, and occupational health and safety issues.
78. Screening of environmental impacts has been based on the impact magnitude (negligible/moderate/severe – in the order of increasing degree) and impact duration (temporary/permanent). The following table shows the screening of impacts; N/T represents the lowest impact while S/P represents the highest impact. Numerator represents the Degree of Impact and denominator represents the Duration of impact.
79. In case of sewerage components, no significant impacts are anticipated since the laying of sewer line will be along the already built up area. STP location is
KUIDFC 28 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
sufficiently away from the habitation and along with provision for development of a buffer zone along the site boundary which is not expected to have any impact on existing environment or surroundings. Providing drainage facilities for the town will result in reduced incidence of waste water stagnation and flooding of waste water along the bank of Shahpetti – Hanchinal Kere nallah which is expected to improve the environmental sanitation along the area. Table 11. Screening of Impacts Duration of Impact Magnitude (Degree of Impact) Negligible(N) Moderate(M) Severe(S) Temporary(T) N/T M/T S/T Permanent (P) N/P M/P S/P 80. The following tables provide the potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures of all components proposed under NKUSIP in Bijapur. Table 12. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Sewerage System Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing Location impacts Contamination of N/P As a precautionary CMC Bijapur / Part of Design groundwater measure, the bottom Head Contractor costs resources due to This may not of the stabilization leaching from waste be significant pond will be lined stabilization ponds. as the with concrete. groundwater table is deep at around 30 to 50 ft Loss of amenity and M/P Development of odor nuisance to physical separation neighbors. Residential and visual screen areas are around the facility located at 304 will address this m. Future impact. A buffer zone development in the form of around STP landscaping and location may earthwork shall be be considered created around the STP. Design Impacts Discharge of N/P The sewage retention CMC Bijapur Part of Design partially treated period shall be fixed costs sewage will have This may not considering seasonal potential to pollute be significant climatic variations. the nallah and as only treated The effluent from the agricultural fields sewage will be STP shall be used for confirmed to the irrigation and following standards treatment will of discharge for be designed to inland surface water meet inland disposal:
KUIDFC 29 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing surface water • BOD < 30 mg/l discharge • Suspended standards solids < 100 which is mg/l stringer than irrigation standards. Water supply S/T It shall be ensured CMC Bijapur Part of Design networks may be There is a during the design costs contaminated by chance of that the water supply leakage from the drinking and sewer lines are sewer networks. water supply placed on opposite getting sides of roads. polluted due to leakage from sewers, if both the pipe lines are in the same trench. Nuisance due to N/P Regular maintenance CMC Bijapur Part of Design leakage / will nullify the costs overflowing of impact. Usage of sewers. appropriate maintenance equipment would substantially reduce the maintenance time. Nuisance due to M/P Development of CMC Bijapur Part of Design mosquito breeding physical separation costs and bad odours from Residential and visual screen STP. areas are around the facility located at 304 will address this m. impact. A buffer zone Considering in the form of the future landscaping and development earthwork shall be around STP created around the location, STP. To avoid/reduce mitigation mosquito breeding, measure may the banks of ponds be required. shall be kept clear of grasses bushes, etc. Pollution due to M/P Safe sludge handling CMC Bijapur Part of O & M improper sludge methods shall be costs disposal methods. Quantity of employed. Personal Sludge removal from sludge protection equipment Preparation of the ponds may be generation such as gloves, boots, sludge done once for every 2 will not be shall be provided to management or 3 years, considerable. the workers. Sludge plan depending on the Contaminated shall be dried in (consultant sludge generation. work area drying beds before its time: one may cause disposal in low-lying person week) health
KUIDFC 30 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing hazards. areas.
A sludge management plan shall be prepared. Construction Impacts Inconvenience to M/T During construction Head Contractor Part of access business, period, planks / / CMC Bijapur construction residential, schools, The access for makeshift pathways cost. hospitals, places of business and should be provided worship and other other facilities along the immediate facilities along the construction areas for for the public and proposed the public to access impact on livelihood sewer laning their requirements due to loss of access areas will be for residential, to business. disturbed shopping and other during facilities. construction Any business losses period. will be compensated as per the Resettlement Framework. Contractor shall deploy more work force for speedy completion of activities in these areas. Shop keepers will be informed prior to construction along the commercial areas. Inconvenience to M/T Construction should Head Contractor public during pipe be expedited in the laying along thick Reduced least time frame. commercial areas pedestrian and and narrow streets; vehicle access Activities requiring where public to residences maximum access facilities are located. and businesses control should be done during non peak hours.
Excavation along the road should be done in such a way that entire stretch will not be trenched at a time.
Traffic management Bijapur CMC with diversion through alternate routes will be implemented by
KUIDFC 31 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing providing adequate sign boards.
Trenching and pipe Head Contractor laning along the traffic routes will be planned and integrated to avoid retrenching / modifying trench during pipe laning along the same lane.
The locations where Bijapur CMC / both drain and sewer Head Contractor lines have to (s) construct, the opportunities for completing construction activities at a time will be sought. Destruction of M/P Buildings of risk will Head Contractor buildings due to Permanent be identified prior to vibration during destruction of construction and construction buildings pneumatic drilling activities. will be avoided in these areas. Nuisance due to dust M/T Construction material Head Contractor Part of and noise; road shall be stockpiled to construction blocking due to Dust minimize traffic costs laying of sewer generation may blockages. In case of network; and, be significant excavations for sewer increased traffic flow as the dry lines in busy streets due to vehicle weather such as central areas movement for condition of the town (market construction prevails in the area, old town area), activities. town. adequate arrangements for traffic diversion including prior intimation and by erecting proper sign board shall be provided.
Considering the PMU, Bijapur market and dense CMC residential areas in the core town area, preparation of construction site management plan is necessary.
KUIDFC 32 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Noise from M/T Concrete roads where Head Part of construction of STP trenching is done Contractor/CMC construction and Sewer through Pneumatic Bijapur cost lying/rehabilitation network will drilling will be of sewer network be laid all over providing fencing to activities. the town avoid noise and air including high pollution. density areas. Construction material As the shall be stockpiled. proposed STP Adequate is located arrangements for away the traffic diversions habitation, including erection of as far as laying proper sign boards. of sewer network is Dust generation must considered, be arrested by water the dust and spraying. Ensure noise nuisance usage of standard may be equipment to reduce considerable the noise nuisance. in the core Equipment shall town area and comply with the in all other noise levels of areas it may construction be negligible. equipment laid out by the CPCB. High noise generating activities including material unloading shall be avoided during nights. The surrounding people shall be informed, especially in densely populated area, of nature and schedule of the high noise generating activities,
KUIDFC 33 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing if any
A construction site management plan shall be prepared. Poor performance of the contractor may potentially exacerbate these impacts and therefore qualified contractors to be appointed. The contracted work includes the implementation of construction site management plan, which will address these issues. Improper disposal of M/P Bituminous waste top Head Contractor Part of Bituminous waste be disposed in construction approved waste costs disposal sites. Stockpiling of M/T The excavated soil Head Contractor Part of excavated soil should be removed construction creating dust Inconvenience from construction costs emission during for public area at the earliest for windy weather and travel. beneficial reuse such also during as land raising / transportation for filling of excavated reusing. Plying of areas. lorries transporting soil during peak Chances of Soil should be hours and narrow / accidents for covered with heavy traffic routes motorists due tarpaulin sheets to dust during emission from transportation. uncovered lorries.
Traffic Soil transporation congestion in should not be done narrow / busy during peak hours corridors and should be avoid narrow and heavy traffic routes important religious or tourist sites etc. Improper handling N/T Excess soil should not Head Part of of excess soil be piled up along the Contractor/Bijap Construction construction areas ur CMC Cost. . and shall be disposed in low laying areas
KUIDFC 34 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing other than water bodies Rain / ground M/T Trenching and sewer Head Contractor Part of water collection in laning should be Construction excavated areas. planned to be Cost. completed in seasons other than rainy season.
If ground water is collected in trenches, the water should be pumped out and opportunities for channeling to agricultural fields for irrigation should be sought. Economic benefits if M/T Contractor should Head Contractor local people are Sourcing of employ at least 50% / Bijapur CMC employed in local of workforce from Contractor’s employers will local communities. workforce give employment opportunities for local people and also avoid influx of labours from outside and competition for basic resources such as water, shelter, health care etc. Construction near to M/P All necessary and Head Contractor protected adequate care should / Bijapur CMC monuments. Damage to be taken to minimise protected the impact on structures. protected properties If articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures or other geographically or archaeologically important materials are discovered, the excavation should be stopped and the Archaeological Department should
KUIDFC 35 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing be intimated at the earliest and all the articles received during sewer laning should be handed over to ASI.
Bijapur CMC should include the above instruction in the contract document Risk for workers M/T Health and Safety Head Contractor and public due to plan should be accidents at site. prepared and implementd at site and workers should be trained for safe working practices, using of machineries and immediate response at emergenecies.
Construction area should be properly isolated with temporary fencing to avoid accidents to public.
Construction workers should be provided with Personnel Protective Equipments and should be made compulsory to wear during working hours. Impact on S/T Train all construction Head Contractor construction personnel in dangers workers during AC dust can of AC pipes and how sewer lining along be to recognise them in existing sewer / carcinogenic if situ abandoned water inhaled as supply network dust particles Develop and apply with AC pipes. protocol if AC pipes are encountered. This should include: • Immediate reporting of any occurrence to management
KUIDFC 36 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing
• Removal of all persons to a safe distance
• Use of appropriate breathing apparatus and protective suits by workers delegated to deal with AC material
• Safe removal and long-term disposal of AC material Loss of trees during N/P No tree cutting is CMC, Bijapur, sewer laning. envisaged; each tree Head Contractor. lost shouls be replaced with two trees. The plantation should be done at the onset of monsoon immediately after completing the construction along the identified corridor. Saplings should be provided with protective fencing and survival should be ensured by Contractor with monitoring by CMC, Bijapur. Inconvenience to M/T Project activities Bijapur CMC, Tourist due to should be planned Head Contractor. construction near Impact on with due care to tourist destinations tourst avoid tourist seasons. or main tourist movement transport corridors will affect local economy. Impact on public M/T The impacts on Head Contractor Part of due to destruction utilities will be construction of public utilities repaired and restored cost such as water pipes, in the least time electric / telephone frame in with the lines etc. support of concerned authorities. O & M Impacts Mixing of Industrial M/P Waste water with Treatment The rules and KSPCB and Part of O&M
KUIDFC 37 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing sewage process in the regulation will be CMC Bijapur Cost down stream strictly implemented will be to avoid mixing of significantly industrial waste affected stream with sewage. Health risk to the sewer workers due to toxic effluent and gases Discharge of M/P Hazardous Damage to The rules and KSPCB and Part of O&M Chemicals in to sewer and regulation will be CMC Bijapur Cost Sewerlines. health risk to strictly implemented the sewer to avoid discharge of cleaning and hazardous chemicals STP workers, in to sewers. negative impact on performance of STP in down stream and pollution in water bodies receiving treated effluent. Odour nuisance due M/P Buffer zone in the CMC Bijapur Part of O & M to STP form of landscaping costs This impact may be residential and earthwork shall considered as areas are be created and well negligible due to located at 304 maintained around location of plant site m. Future the site. and proposed buffer development provision around STP site may be considered Potential pollution of N/P Ensure the following CMC Bijapur N/a. stream/agricultural effluent discharge fields due to As the STP is standards for stream inadequate designed for discharge: treatment. stream discharge • BOD < 30 mg/l - standards, the • Suspended impact may be solids < 100 minimal. mg/l However, overloading of STP may exaggerate these problems.
KUIDFC 38 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Measures Implementation Preliminary of the Impact Responsibility Costing Pollution and health M/P Safe sludge handling CMC Bijapur Part of O & M hazards due to methods shall be costs improper sludge Quantity of employed - Personal disposal methods sludge protection equipment generation will such as gloves, boots, not be shall be provided. considerable. Sludge shall be dried Contaminated in drying beds before work area may its disposal. This cause health sludge may be used as hazards. manure for non- food crops or land filled.
Sludge Management Plan shall be implemented. Nuisance due to N/P Implement the CMC Bijapur. Part of O&M overflowing/chokin mitigation measures Cost. g of sewers. No major suggested in the water bodies design stage to avoid and ground chocking. water is very Sewer cleaning deep. equipments have been However provided nuisance may be considered. Inconvenience to N/T Network repair will CMC Bijapur Part of O&M public due to noise, be conducted in time Cost. dust, vibration and bound manner by impeding access for deploying more short term during labour force. network repair Public will be where public facilitated with make facilities are located. shift pathways for important facilites if the repair takes long time. Inconvenience to M/T Silt and debris shall CMC Bijapur Part of O&M public due to Silt and debris be collected in trucks Cost. improper disposal of removed from and transported to silt and debris sewers will the Municipal Solid removed from cause nuisance Waste Disposal Site sewers to public, if and shall be used as not disposed covering material for immediately. the waste being landfilled.
Sludge Management Plan 81. A detailed sludge management plan will be prepared as part of the DPR for the project and it shall be ensured by the ULB that it will be implemented during the operation phase of the project.
KUIDFC 39 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
82. Sludge is to be removed from the STP once in about two years. Sludge drying bed is provided for the drying of sludge. Sludge that is drawn to the beds will contain 4 -10% solids depending upon the type of sludge.
83. Wet sludge will be applied to the beds to a depth of 20 to 30 cm. After each layer of dried sludge has been removed, the bed will be raked and leveled. Sludge will never be discharged on a bed containing dried or partially dried sludge. It is preferable to apply the sludge at least a day or two after the sludge cakes are removed.
84. The dried sludge cakes will be sold as fertilizer. Some part of the sludge will be used in the plant itself for gardening, lawns, etc., to demonstrate its fertilizer value and to develop a market value for the digested and dried sludge.
85. Records of operation of sludge drying beds will show the time and quantity of sludge drawn to each bed, the depth of loading, the depth of sludge after drying time, and the quantity of dried sludge removed. The solids content of wet digested sludge, its volatile portion and pH will be determined and recorded. Likewise the moisture content and fertilizer value in terms of NPK and presence of pathogens in dried sludge will also be analysed and recorded.
86. Sludge handling workers’ safety must be considered and safe sludge handling methods shall be employed. Personal protection equipment such as gloves; boots, etc. shall be provided. Sludge handling workers must be provided with regular free medical checkup facilities. Table 13. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures of Drainage Upgradation Impact Description Significance Mitigation Implementatio Preliminary of the Impact Measures n Costing Responsibility Location Impacts No location impacts are N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. envisaged as the scale of activity is minimal Design Impacts No loss or encroachment of N/a. N/a. N/a. N/a. cultural or historical properties is envisaged. No impacts are envisaged. Construction Impacts Impact on public due to M/T The impacts on Head Part of destruction of public utilities utilities will be Contractor construction such as water pipes, electric / repaired and cost telephone lines etc. restored in the least time frame in with the
KUIDFC 40 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Implementatio Preliminary of the Impact Measures n Costing Responsibility support of concerned authorities. Inconvenience to access M/T During Head Part of business, residential, schools, construction Contractor / construction hospitals, places of worship The access for period, planks / CMC Bijapur cost. and other immediate facilities business and makeshift for the public and impact on other facilities pathways should livelihood due to loss of access along the be provided to business. proposed along the drain construction network areas for the route will be public to access disturbed their during requirements for construction residential, period. shopping and other facilities.
Any business losses will be compensated as per the Resettlement Framework.
Contractor shall deploy more work force for speedy completion of activities in these areas.
Shop keepers will be informed prior to construction along the commercial areas. Improper disposal of M/P Bituminous Head Part of Bituminous waste waste top be Contractor construction disposed in costs approved waste disposal sites. Improper handling of excess N/T Excess soil will Head Part of soil not be allowed to Contractor/CM Construction accumulate on C Cost. site and shall be disposed in low laying areas
KUIDFC 41 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Implementatio Preliminary of the Impact Measures n Costing Responsibility other than water bodies. Vehicles transporting excess soil will be covered with tarpaulin to avoid dust and risk for motorists and will be routed in off peak hours avoiding congested corridors. Inconvenience to public due M/T Silt and debris CMC Bijapur Part of O&M to improper disposal of silt Silt and shall be collected Cost. and debris removed from debris in trucks and drains removed transported to the from drains Municipal Solid will cause Waste Disposal nuisance to Site and shall be used as covering public, if not material for the disposed waste being immediately landfilled. . Disturbance to traffic due to N/T Construction Head Part of storage of construction activities will be Contractor, Construction material/waste and material This impact planned to have Bijapur CMC costs transport vehicles and other may be least impact on equipment. insignificant traffic during as the scale of material storage. activity is Proper traffic small. management plan with warning / diversions sign boards have to be placed prior to starting of construction activities. Raw materials will be transported with tarpaulin covering to avoid dust emission and accident risk to motorist
KUIDFC 42 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Implementatio Preliminary of the Impact Measures n Costing Responsibility Construction along major transportation corridor will be completed in time bound manner to reduce impact on travel to public.
Construction period should be planned with due consideration to avoid tourist seasons and major tourist movement corridors. Risk for workers and public M/T Health and Head due to accidents at site. Safety plan Contractor should be prepared and implemented at site and workers should be trained for safe working practices, using of machineries and immediate response at emergencies.
Construction area should be properly isolated with temporary fencing to avoid accidents to public.
Construction workers should be provided with Personnel Protective Equipments and should be made compulsory to wear during working hours. Economic benefits if local M/T Contractor Head
KUIDFC 43 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Implementatio Preliminary of the Impact Measures n Costing Responsibility people are employed in Sourcing of should employ at Contractor / Contractor’s workforce local least 50% of Bijapur CMC employers workforce from will give local employment communities. opportunities for local people and also avoid influx of labours from outside and competition for basic resources such as water, shelter, health care etc. Construction near to M/P All necessary Head protected monuments. and adequate Contractor / Damage to care should be Bijapur CMC Protected taken to monuments minimise the impact on protected properties If articles such as fabrics, coins, artifacts, structures or other geographically or archaeologically important materials are discovered, the excavation should be stopped and the Archaeological Department should be intimated at the earliest and all the articles received during drainage construction should be handed over to ASI.
Bijapur CMC
KUIDFC 44 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Implementatio Preliminary of the Impact Measures n Costing Responsibility should include the above instruction in the contract document
Impact on construction S/T Train all Head workers during drainage construction Contractor construction along existing Asbestoses personnel in sewer / abandoned water Concrete dust dangers of AC supply network with AC can be pipes and how to pipes. carcinogenic recognise them if inhaled as in situ dust particles Develop and apply protocol if AC pipes are encountered. This should include: • Immediate reporting of any occurrence to management
• Removal of all persons to a safe distance
• Use of appropriate breathing apparatus and protective suits by workers delegated to deal with AC material
Safe removal and long-term disposal of AC material Loss of trees during drainage N/P No tree cutting is CMC Bijpapur, construction. envisaged; each Head tree lost shouls Contractor. be replaced with two trees. The plantation should be done
KUIDFC 45 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Impact Description Significance Mitigation Implementatio Preliminary of the Impact Measures n Costing Responsibility at the onset of monsoon immediately after completing the construction along the identified corridor. Saplings should be provided with protective fencing and survival should be ensured by Contractor with monitoring by Bijapur CMC. Operation Impacts Silting and pollution of water N/T Site clearance Head Part of bodies due to non-clearance of shall be ensured Contractor/CM Construction construction work site. before C costs termination of work. Inconvenience to public due to N/T Drainage repair CMC Bijapur Part of O&M noise, dust, vibration and will be Cost. impeding access for short term conducted in during drainage repair where time bound public facilities are located. manner by deploying more labour force. Public will be facilitated with make shift pathways for important facilities if the repair takes long time. Inconvenience to public due M/T Silt and debris CMC Bijapur Part of O&M to improper disposal of silt Silt and shall be collected Cost. and debris removed from debris in trucks and drains removed transported to the from drains Municipal Solid will cause Waste Disposal nuisance to Site and shall be used as covering public, if not material for the disposed waste being immediately landfilled. .
KUIDFC 46 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
V. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
A. Institutional Requirements
87. Nodal Executing Agency (EA): Karnataka Urban Infrastructure Development & Finance Corporation (KUIDFC) is the nodal executing agency (EA) responsible for implementing NKUSIP. Investment Program implementation activities will be monitored by KUIDFC through a separate Investment Program Management Unit (PMU), which will be set-up within KUIDFC. The Managing Director/KUIDFC will head the PMU and will be assisted by an Executive Director at the Regional office of KUIDFC at Dharwad to oversee the Investment Program progress. A team of senior technical, administrative and financial officials will assist the Executive Director in controlling and monitoring Investment Program implementation activities. The Executive Director at Regional Offices are Supported By Divisional Program Offices headed by Divisional Program Director, located at 4 geographical Regions; Gulbarga, Bellary, Dharwad and Belgaum. The consultant team will be under the Divisional Programme Director and will be involved in project planning, preparation of subproject and cost estimates, co ordination, technical guidance and supervision, financial control, training and overall subproject management. All Investment Program decisions will be made by the Executive Director who shall operate from the PMU, Dharwad; only interactions with GoK, GoI and ADB shall be conducted through the KUIDFC office at Bangalore.
88. A state level Empowered Committee for investment Program with representatives from GoK and PMU of KUIDFC has been constituted and Executive Director from Dharwad will be reporting to this committee as and when needed. The committee members include Additional Chief Secretary (Committee Chair), MD of KUIDFC (Committee Secretary), Principal Secretary of the Urban Development Department, Principal Secretary of Planning Department, Secretary for municipalities and urban development authorities of Urban Development Department, secretary for expenditure of the finance department and director of Directorate of Municipal Administration.
89. Implementing Agency (IA): The ultimate implementation responsibility lies
KUIDFC 47 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
with ULB in co ordination with various other Departments of GoK. The programme component A, B, E will be implemented by ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Under the component B, for bulk water supply, Karnataka urban Water Supply and Drainage Board (KUWSDB) will be acting on behalf of ULB reporting to Divisional Program Director. Slum upgradation will be done through Karnataka Slum Clearance Board reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component D will be implemented through co ordination of Karnataka State Fire & Emergency Services, The lake Development Authority, Department of Information and relevant ULB reporting to Executive Programme Director. Component F will be implemented through DMA and or KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director and Component G through KUIDFC reporting to Programme Director.
90. Other than the above institutional setup, District Level Programme Steering Committee will be set up in each district to monitor implementation of subprojects and institutional reforms. The District Level Programme Steering Committee shall consist of Deputy Commissioner of District, Divisional Program Director from concerned divisional office, Municipal Commissioners’ / Chief Officers of Investment programme ULB and President / Chair of investment programme ULB. The District Level Programme Steering Committee will be reporting to Executive Programme Director. The organization hierarchy is as presented in Figure 2.
KUIDFC 48 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Executing Agency .
A state level Empowered Program Director
Committee for investment (MD of KUIDFC) Program
Executive Director at Technical Regional Office, Admin Dharwad. Finance Social
Divisional Program Director (4 Divisional Program Office
at Bellary, Dharwad, District Level Gulbarga & Belgaum Programme Steering Committee
Consultant
Implementing Agency
KUWSDB ULB Karnataka Slum Karnataka State Fire & DMA / KUIDFC Clearance Board Emergency Services, KUIDFC The lake Development Authority, Department of Information and relevant ULB
Water Supply Bulk Water Slum Lake Development, Institutional Investment Sewerage Supply Clearance Fire Fighting Development Program
Drainage Assistance
Component A - Sanitation (Sewerage & Drainage) Component B – Water Supply Component C – Slum Improvement Component D – Non Municipal Infrastructure Component E - Urban Transportation Component F – Institutional Development Component G - Investment Program Assistance
Figure 1. NKUSIP Implementing Organisation Hierarchy
KUIDFC 49 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
91. Implementation Agencies (IA) will oversee sub-project component implementation at the sub-project towns, where the Investment Program ULB will implement sub-project components. The responsibilities of the IA shall include (i) carrying out detailed surveys, investigations and engineering designs of individual infrastructure components; (ii) tendering, evaluating bids and awarding works, contract administration, supervision and quality control; (iii) measuring works carried out by the contractors and certifying payments; (iv) conducting public awareness campaigns and participation programs, (v) carrying out environmental assessments; (vi) obtaining all statutory environmental and other clearances as applicable for each sub- project; and (vii) preparing monthly reports. The Investment Program Consultants (PC) will assist the Investment Program ULB in all the aforesaid activities; in the case of other IAs, the PC shall proof check designs and quality check construction quality.
92. Thus, the responsibility fulfilling environmental requirements of GoI/GoK and conducting required level of environmental assessment as per ADB guidelines lies with the borrowing ULB. The Investment Program Consultants will assist the ULB in this regard. The IEE/EIA reports prepared by ULB will be reviewed by the PMU as per the ADB’s Environmental Guidelines and forwarded to ADB for review and approval. In case of IEE reports, the ADB could delegate approval of IEE reports fully to the PMU after reviewing the first two reports. However, all the EIA reports shall be sent to ADB for approval.
93. The mitigation measures identified through IEE/EIA are incorporated into the Investment Program cycle. Mitigation measures, which are implemented by the Contractor, shall form part of the Contract Documents. The other mitigation measures are undertaken by the ULB (itself or in assistance with Investment Program Consultants) as specified in the IEE.
KUIDFC 50 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Table 14. Institutional Roles and Responsibilities Investment Activity Details Responsible Agency Program Phase
Pre Investment Program Conduct Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) for each sub- ULB construction Categorization components using REA checklists phase Reviewing the REA and assigning Investment Program category PMU (Ea/Eb/Ec) based on NKUSIP Environmental Assessment Guidelines and ADB Guidelines Conducting EA Conducting IEE/EIA based on the Investment Program categorization Investment Program Conducting Public Consultation and information disclosure Consultants Preparation of SIEE/SEIA Investment Program Fulfilling GoK/GoI requirement such as clearances from other ULB clearances Government Agencies Review of EIA/IEE Reviewing the EIA/IEE and SEIA/SIEE Reports to ensure compliance PMU of the report as per ADB Guidelines and approval of the same Disclosure of SEIA/SIEE Information disclosure -SIEE/SEIA reports should be made available to ULB the public, and on request IEE/EIA also made available. Incorporation of mitigation Incorporation of necessary mitigation measures identified in IEE/EIA Investment Program measures into Investment in Investment Program design and in contract documents. Consultants Program design Review of design Review of design and contractual documents for compliance of PMU documents mitigation measures Construction Implementation of Implementation of necessary mitigation measures Contractor Phase mitigation measures Environmental Monitoring Environmental monitoring as specified in monitoring plan during Investment Program construction stage; monitoring of implementation of mitigation Consultants measures Preparation of progress Preparation of monthly progress reports to be submitted to PMU ULB in assistance of reports including a section on implementation of the mitigation measures PC
KUIDFC 51 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Investment Activity Details Responsible Agency Program Phase Review of progress reports PMU to review the progress reports, consolidate and send to ADB PMU review Operation Environmental Monitoring Conducting environmental monitoring, as specified in the ULB Stage environmental monitoring plan. Compliance Monitoring Compliance monitoring to review the environmental performance of KSPCB sub-project component, if required and as specified in Monitoring Plan
KUIDFC 52 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
B. Training Needs
94. As described in the above table the PMU will involve in monitoring the Investment Program implementation while the ULB will implement the Investment Program. It is therefore important that these agencies and particularly the officials involved in the Investment Program to have understanding of the ADB’s environmental assessment procedures and also of environmental issues of various urban infrastructure components. As far as implementation of mitigation measures on site is concerned the Contractor will be involved. Hence, it is important to orient the contractors and supervisory staff towards the implementation of mitigation measures and their consequences. Hence, considering the existing capabilities of the agencies involved in NKUSIP, the following training program is suggested. The following table presents the suggested training program. Table 15. Training Needs (2008 – 2016) Description Contents Schedule Participants Program 1 Module 1 – Orientation 2 days • PMU Orientation Program • Investment Program Cycle officials / Workshop for and of NKUSIP involved in Implementing • ADBs Environmental the Agency and Assessment Guidelines Investment Executing Agency • EA requirements of NKUSIP Program • Indian Environmental Laws • ULB officials & Regulations relating to involved in urban infrastructure Investment Investment Program Program implementat • Environmental impacts of ion urban infrastructure Investment Programs
Module 2 Environmental Assessment Process • Investment Program categorization as per ADB • IEE/EIA process, Formats and Reports • Identification of Environmental Impacts • Identification Mitigation Measures • Formulation of Environmental Management Plan • Implementation and
KUIDFC 53 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Description Contents Schedule Participants Monitoring • Summary EIA/IEEs • Review of EIA/IEE reports to comply with ADB requirements • Incorporation of mitigating measures in the Investment Program design and contracts Program - 2 Module 1 Implementation of 1 day • Contractors Orientation Program Mitigation Measures involved in / Workshop for • Environmental issues NKUSIP Contractors and related urban infrastructure • Supervisory Supervisory staff Investment Programs staff of ULB during construction • Implementation of mitigation measures • Monitoring of implementation Program - 3 Module – Experiences and Best 1 day • PMU Experience Sharing Practices (every officials • Experiences on alternative • ULB officials implementation in terms of year from environmental concerns of the start of • Local NGOs implemented Investment Investment Programs Program, i.e. • Best Practices followed 2008)
C. Environmental Monitoring Plans
95. The following tables indicate the recommended environmental monitoring programs for sub-project components in Bijapur. The monitoring program has been developed based on the impacts identified on various environmental parameters in the earlier section.
KUIDFC 54 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Table 16. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Sewerage System Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility A. Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related impacts and N.A. Verification of contract One-off inspection PMU mitigation measures - Incorporation of documents before signing of the mitigation measures into the bidding and contract civil contract documents All designs of components include proper N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final Program consideration of environment (i.e., water design phase Consultants (PC) and air quality, noise pollution, sludge management) Design of occupational safety measures N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final PC design phase Training programs for staff by consultants N.A. As needed before and PC during implementation Gas monitoring for sewage pipes - Adequate Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage Monthly once as part of ULB with the monitoring of gas may not be possible due and Manholes network Plant operation assistance of to distant manhole spacing. Manhole shall Program be designed considering worker/s safety. consultants All location and design related mitigation N.A. Incorporation of mitigation One-off inspection of PMU/ULB/ measures to mitigate loss of amenity and measures in the design including designs Program nuisance; and sludge disposal. Appropriate air dispersion modeling for STP consultants design of process and layout is required. site. Checking/Verification of Investment program Design documents Disposal of treated waste water – Sale of STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB treated wastewater to farmers for irrigation and usage of treated waste water for ponding systems for aquaculture KUIDFC 55 WSAPL
NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility B. Construction Stage Monitoring Monitoring of water quality of the nallah STP site One time grab sampling once Contractor/ flowing adjacent to the STP site. PMU/ULB/PC
All construction related mitigation N.A. Incorporation of mitigation One-off inspection of PMU measures; Construction site management measures in the contract contract document plan to control dust and noise nuisance, and documents Verification of road blocks contract documents before signing the contract Implementation of Construction site Sewer laying Monitoring of air quality and Weekly Contractor and management plan: dust and noise nuisance sites and noise is not required. The ULB with the at site; and traffic maintenance surroundings implementation of mitigation assistance of measures (usage of standard Investment equipment complying with Program CPCB Noise Standards for Consultants construction equipments) and assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local people shall be ensured. Beneficial usage of waste soil (construction, All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ land raising, infill) PMU/ULB/PC Waste soil removal as soon as it is excavated All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ transported on trucks PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of narrow local roads when From STP Observations off site; CC record Weekly Contractor/ transporting soil PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of transporting soil during peak From STP Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ KUIDFC 56 WSAPL
NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility traffic periods PMU/ULB/PC Coverage or damping down stockpiled soil Inhabited Site observations Weekly Contractor/ in dry weather areas PMU/ULB/PC Conduction of all excavation work in the dry All sites Site observations Monthly Contractor/ season PMU/ULB/PC Pumping groundwater from excavated areas STP site Site observations; farmer survey Monthly Contractor/ and provide to farmers PMU/ULB/PC Leaving spaces for access between mounds Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ of soil PMU/ULB/PC Provision for planks/walkways to allow Network sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ people & vehicles to cross open trenches PMU/ULB/PC Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided All sites Site observations Weekly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Plantation and maintenance of two trees for All sites Observations on/off site; CC Monthly Contractor/ every one removed records PMU/ULB/PC *Compensation for businesses for lost Where Shopkeeper survey; LSGD record As needed Contractor/ income required PMU/ULB/PC Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ finish work quickly PMU/ULB/PC Advance information to shopkeepers and Network sites Resident surveys; CC records Monthly Contractor/ residents of work PMU/ULB/PC Confirmation of location of infrastructure Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ and avoid these sites PMU/ULB/PC Location of water and sewer pipes on Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ opposite sides of roads PMU/ULB/PC Integration of subprojects to conduct Network sites Site observation; design reports Monthly Contractor/ trenching at same time PMU/ULB/PC Work conduction during light traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC KUIDFC 57 WSAPL
NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility Ensuring that police provide traffic Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ diversions when required PMU/ULB/PC Proper planning for transport routes to Network sites Observations off site: CC record Weekly Contractor/ avoid narrow streets, important or fragile PMU/ULB/PC buildings, religious and tourism sites Proper planning of work to avoid peak Network sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ traffic and main festival/tourism season PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near Network sites Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ buildings at risk from vibration PMU/ULB/PC Usage of modern vehicles and machinery All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ and proper maintenance as specified PMU/ULB/PC Consultation with authorities, custodians of Network sites Site observations; CC records; Monthly Contractor/ buildings, communities to address key resident surveys PMU/ULB/PC issues and avoid working at sensitive times Preparation and implementation of a site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ H&S Plan (safety of workers/public) PMU/ULB/PC Exclusion of public from the site All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that workers wear Personal All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ Protective Equipment PMU/ULB/PC Provision for Health and Safety training for All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ all personnel PMU/ULB/PC Following of documented procedures for all All sites Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ site activities PMU/ULB/PC Maintenance of accident reports and records All sites CC records Monthly Contractor/ PMU/ULB/PC Employ at least 50% of workforce from All sites CC records; worker interviews Monthly Contractor/ communities near sites PMU/ULB/PC C. Operation Stage Monitoring KUIDFC 58 WSAPL
NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility Baseline water quality Nallah flowing Water quality testing for Monthly once as part of ULB adjacent to the parameters such as pH, BOD, Plant operation STP COD, TSS, TDS, coliforms, etc. Clogging of drains Sewer network Proper maintenance with Monthly once as part of ULB sites periodical cleaning or scrapping Plant operation of drains or de-silting/de- weeding, etc. Potential for gas explosion in Pipes – gas Sewer pipes Gas monitoring in the sewerage Monthly once as part of ULB monitoring network Plant operation Odor emission control at STP and Sewerage STP and Sewer Proper operation and Regular/routine –daily ULB System network Maintenance of the Sewerage and maintenance STP system. Frequent flushing or scraping. Solid separation; keeping solid stockpiles dry and preferably covered or compost them. Windbreaks to reduce airflow across STP. Buffer zone in the form of landscaping and earthwork shall be created and well maintained around the STP site. Check for contamination of ground water - - ULB /agricultural fields due to discharge of untreated/partially treated (STP treated) sewage Inlet of STP Analysis of Wastewater Monthly i) Influent wastewater quality characteristics including heavy once as part metals such as Mercury (as Hg), of Plant Lead (as Pb), Cadmium (as Cd), operation
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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility Chromium (as Cr), Zinc (as Zn) and Nickel (as Ni) ii) Treated wastewater quality at outlet Outlet of STP Analysis of treated wastewater Seasonal (four seasons) ULB discharge point of STP characteristics to comply with as third party PCB disposal standards: monitoring BOD < 30mg/l • pH – 6.5 –8.0 SS < 100mg/l Implementation of Sludge Management Plan N.A. Health check up for STP staff Yearly once ULB - Check for health hazards due to sludge handling -Health status of STP staff involved in sludge handling Emergency plan for Power supply Pumping Under emergency situations such Whenever there is ULB management to minimize risks on the Station and as power failure in the pumping power (regular supply) receiving waters STP stations, diesel operated failure generators have been proposed. In case of failure of generators, the sewage collected in the well will be pumped using diesel pump sets, conveyed by truck and properly disposed into the STP. In case of failure of screens, the sewage will be bypassed to the wet well. In STP also, generator has been provided to tackle the power problem. Approval from KSPCB will be obtained. Detection and repairing of sewer leaks Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB
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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility rapidly and effectively Sale of dried inert sludge to farmers to STP Site observation; farmer survey Monthly ULB fertilize land Advance information of work to Network sites Resident surveys Monthly ULB shopkeepers and residents Provision of walkways/planks for public Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB and vehicles Requesting police to divert traffic if Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB necessary Avoidance of usage of drills or heavy Network sites Site observations Monthly ULB vehicles near fragile buildings Completion of work quickly in sensitive Network sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB areas Consultation with communities to avoid Network sites Site observation; resident survey Monthly ULB working during sensitive periods Preparation and operation of H&S plan to All sites Site observations; OMC records Monthly ULB protect workers and citizens Economic benefits to local people - STP STP Employer record; worker survey Monthly ULB workers should be residents of neighbouring areas Survey of chemical and bacteriological STP Water quality sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years ULB quality of STP effluent Bacteriological surveys of dried STP sludge STP Bacterial sampling/analysis Monthly for 5 years ULB Survey of public health and incidence of CMC area Hospital records; resident Annual for 6 years ULB water borne disease surveys Table 17. Environmental Monitoring Plan for Drainage Upgradation Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility KUIDFC 61 WSAPL
NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility A. Design/Location Stage Monitoring Check for Construction related impacts and N.A. Verification of contract One-off inspection PMU mitigation measures - Incorporation of documents before signing of the mitigation measures into the bidding and contract civil contract documents All designs of components include proper N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final Program consideration of environment (i.e., water design phase Consultants (PC) and air quality, noise pollution, sludge management) Design of occupational safety measures N.A. Proposed designs of DSC One time before final PC design phase Training programs for staff by consultants N.A. As needed before and PC during implementation B. Construction Stage Monitoring All construction related mitigation N.A. Incorporation of mitigation One-off inspection of PMU measures; Construction site management measures in the contract contract document plan to control dust and noise nuisance, and documents Verification of road blocks contract documents before signing the contract Implementation of Construction site Drainage Monitoring of air quality and Weekly Contractor and management plan: dust and noise nuisance construction sites noise is not required. The ULB with the at site; and traffic maintenance and surroundings implementation of mitigation assistance of measures (usage of standard Investment equipment complying with Program CPCB Noise Standards for Consultants construction equipments) and assessment of the situation through visual inspection and interviews with local
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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility people shall be ensured. Beneficial usage of waste soil (construction, Drainage Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ land raising, infill) construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Waste soil removal as soon as it is excavated Drainage Site observations Weekly Contractor/ construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Usage of tarpaulins to cover soil when Drainage Site observations Weekly Contractor/ transported on trucks construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of narrow local roads when Drainage Observations off site; CC Weekly Contractor/ transporting soil construction sites record PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of transporting soil during peak Drainage Observations on and off site Weekly Contractor/ traffic periods construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Coverage or damping down stockpiled soil Inhabited areas Site observations Weekly Contractor/ in dry weather PMU/ULB/PC Conduction of all excavation work in the dry Drainage Site observations Monthly Contractor/ season construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Leaving spaces for access between mounds Drainage Site observations Weekly Contractor/ of soil construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Removal of trees only if it cannot be avoided Drainage Site observations Weekly Contractor/ construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Plantation and maintenance of two trees for Drainage Observations on/off site; CC Monthly Contractor/ every one removed construction sites records PMU/ULB/PC Increase of workforce in inhabited areas to Drainage Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ finish work quickly construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Avoidance of using pneumatic drills near Drainage Site observations; CC records Weekly Contractor/ buildings at risk from vibration construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Usage of modern vehicles and machinery Drainage Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ and proper maintenance as specified construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Consultation with authorities, custodians of Drainage Site observations; CC records; Monthly Contractor/ buildings, communities to address key construction sites resident surveys PMU/ULB/PC KUIDFC 63 WSAPL
NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Mitigation Activities / Measures & Location Monitoring Method Frequency Mitigation / Parameters to be Monitored Monitoring Responsibility issues and avoid working at sensitive times Preparation and implementation of a site Drainage Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ H&S Plan (safety of workers/public) construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Exclusion of public from the site Drainage Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Ensuring that workers wear Personal Drainage Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ Protective Equipment construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Provision for Health and Safety training for Drainage CC records; worker Monthly Contractor/ all personnel construction sites interviews PMU/ULB/PC Following of documented procedures for all Drainage Site observations; CC records Monthly Contractor/ site activities construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Maintenance of accident reports and records Drainage CC records Monthly Contractor/ construction sites PMU/ULB/PC Employ at least 50% of workforce from Drainage CC records; worker Monthly Contractor/ communities near sites construction sites interviews PMU/ULB/PC C. Operation Stage Monitoring Timely disposal of silt and debris removed Drainage sites Site Observations, CC Daily ULB from drains records;
Table 18. Occupational Health Risks and Safety Plan for Workers Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility 1. Construction Stage Sewerage All construction Trenching and Respiratory Providing personal Daily inspection Contractor, System / Urban sites laying of pipe problems due to protective throughout PMU and ULB Drainage lines dust, accidents due equipments such as construction Handling of to traffic problems, helmet, mask, stage. Monthly equipments and loading and boots, gloves, etc. inspection of machines unloading, and stock Traffic accident reports
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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility Loading, piling causing Management and and complaints transportation injuries or death Construction site register and unloading of access control equipments / Providing first aid construction and safety training materials to construction staff Removal of excess or waste materials immediately from the site after completion of the work and wetting of the area Following documented procedures for all site activities Maintenance of accident reports and records 2. Operation Stage Sewerage Sewer networks Repair work and Eye irritation, Providing personal Monthly ULB System and STP site de-silting Respiratory protective inspection of Sewer cleaning – problems and skin equipments such as operation and sewage mixed problems such as mask, boots, maintenance; and with hazardous allergy and injuries gloves, etc. accident records materials and Immediate medical industrial waste attention and first Treating ground aid water
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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Components Location Activities Health Risks Safety Measures Monitoring Responsibility contamination Gas monitoring in Respiratory First aid and sewer pipes problems – allergy, awareness training nausea, asphyxia, to staff etc. Chlorine Eye irritation, Storage of Monthly ULB Handling Respiratory chemicals in a cool, inspection of Handling of problems - allergy, dry, well-ventilated operation and chemicals other nausea, asphyxia, area in tightly maintenance than Chlorine etc. and skin sealed containers records Sludge handling problems Training to Monthly health operators for safe check-up for handling of workers chemicals Maintenance of Installation of accident reports safety showers and and records eye wash units/stations near all chlorine using units/areas Immediate medical attention – first aid, at emergency Health check-up for STP staff
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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
D. Cost Estimates of Environmental Monitoring Plan
96. A preliminary cost estimate has been made for implementation of proposed Environmental Monitoring Plan for NKUSIP program in Bijpaur city, which is presented in Table 19, below. Table 19. Block Cost Estimates for Environmental Monitoring Plan. Sl.No Item Sampling Method / Cost per Annum Frequency of Monitoring (Rs) 1. Water quality monitoring during operation period 1.1. Water quality of the nallah Grab sample / Once 5,000.00 flowing adjacent to the STP@ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis. 2. Water quality monitoring during operation period 2.1. Sewage quality at the inlet Grab sample / Once in a 60,000.00 of STP @ approx. Rs. 5000 / month sample for monitoring and analysis. 2.2. Treated sewage quality Grab sample / Once in a 60,000.00 monitoring at the outlet of month STP @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis. 2.3. Treated sewage quality Grab sample / Once in four 20,000.00 monitoring by third party @ season per year approx. Rs. 5000 / sample for monitoring and analysis. 3. Sludge quality monitoring Grab sample / Once in two 2,500.00 @ approx. Rs. 5000 / sample years for monitoring and analysis. Total 147,500.00
Cost of training programs will be part of the capacity enhancement program of NKUSIP.
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NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
VI. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
A. Overview
97. A two tier consultation process was adopted for NKUSIP for information disclosure and making all the concerned people involved in the project. Institutional consultations were conducted with the Governmental Departments such as Planning Department, Urban Development Board, Public Works Department, Forest Department, Pollution Control Board, Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board, Urban Local Bodies, etc. Bijapur CMC has resolved to adopt the proposals for Bijapur as they suit the requirements of the ULB. The copy of resolution is presented as Appendix 2.
98. Public consultation involved focus group discussions were conducted on 14.04.’09 and 15.04.’09. The people residing along the project activity areas were consulted during topographical surveys and site visits and due discussions were made regarding the proposals. It was observed that people are willing to extend their co operation as the proposed activities are supposed to enhance the living standard of the public. The public expressed their concern regarding the traffic management activities during the construction stage which can have impact on their day to day activities. Public demanded for advance notice before construction and proper warning signs along the construction area to avoid accidents and inconvenience. It was demanded for a strong operation and maintenance system in place for the proposed sewer network for its best functioning to have the maximum health and aesthetic benefits.
99. Further Focus Group Discussions were carried out with the houses located at the nearest vicinity of STP Site. The issues raised during Public Consultation and the mitigation measures incorporated in design and IEE and presented in Table 20. Table 20. Issues Addressed during Public Consultation along STP Site, Bijapur Sl.No Issues Raised during Focus Mitigation Measures Group Discussion 1. Odour, mosquito, noise nuisance The FAL based STP will not pose odour and health risk to the public with nuisance as provision for forced aeration for stagnation of sewage in the fast degradation of pollutants are proposed STP. incorporated as part of STP.
KUIDFC 68 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Sl.No Issues Raised during Focus Mitigation Measures Group Discussion
There will not be stagnation of sewage in any of the systems in STP; there is least possibility for anaerobic conditions within STP units and resultant fowl smell from the system. As the sewage is continuously flowing and aerated in the STP units; hence mosquito breeding is also not envisaged within STP units.
The STP area will be kept hygienically, cleared off grass and weeds such that there won’t be any mosquito or flies breeding from the site.
Provision of Visual Screens and land scaping has been integrated as a part of STP which will effectively control the nuisance to the immediate surrounding. 2. Pollution of agricultural lands The lagoons will be constructed in concrete and near by water bodies due to which will avoid contamination of ground leaching of lagoon. water and near by water bodies. Impact on near by residential areas due to pollution of wells and there by affecting drinking water source 3. Constraints in development Visual screens and land scaping will nullify along STP surroundings. Impact the impact on the surrounding areas. on land uses and transaction Further, Bijapur CMC will assure proper values due to proximity to STP operation and maintenance of STP with location. sufficient equipment and labour force such that sewage will be treated upto discharge limit and will not be stagnated affecting the neighbouring hinterland.
B. Redress of Grievances
100. Grievances will first be brought to the attention of the implementing NGO. Grievances not redressed by the NGO will be brought to the grievance redress committee (GRC) established in each Investment Program district. The GRC process is designed to be transparent, gender responsive, culturally appropriate and commensurate to the risks and adverse impacts of the project, as well as readily accessible to all segments of the affected people. Affected people are to be appropriately informed about the mechanism
KUIDFC 69 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
through media and public outlets. This participatory process shall ensure that all views of the people are adequately reviewed and suitably incorporated in the design and implementation process.
101. A District Level Project Steering Committee (DLPSC) headed by the Concerned District Commissioner (DC) has been established under the NKUSIP project vide GO: No N. A. E. 45 PRJ 04 dated 18/06/04 for 21 towns, including Bijapur. In addition to the functions of the committee, Grievance Redress was included as additional function vide GO: No N. A. E. 167 PRJ 05 dated 22/09/05 for the same towns. Hence, a grievance redress mechanism is in place for the project.
KUIDFC 70 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
VII. FINDING AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A. Findings
102. Based on the screening of environmental impacts, all the proposed sub- project components in Bijapur are found to be environmentally acceptable and therefore able to proceed to the implementation phase. In most cases, particular environmental issues identified are those that are typical for the type of component, and a range of proven mitigation strategies exist to address them. Table 21 indicates the environmental consideration of the proposed infrastructure components. Table 21. Environmental Issues of Infrastructure Components Infrastructure Environmental Impact Issue Environmental Component Mitigations Sewage treatment • Sludge handling and disposal Appropriate mitigation plant and sewerage • Construction and operation measures as suggested upgradation impacts Drainage • No significant issues N/a. upgradation 103. As described above, most impacts are relevant to typical construction and operation. The important sets of mitigation measures, which are relevant to most of the components, include preparation of activity plans using appropriate mitigation measures identified in the earlier sections. These activity plans include: i) Sludge Management and Disposal Plan (to address sludge handling and disposal impacts at the STP). ii) Health Risk Plan (to address the health related impacts of the STP workers and Sanitary workers)
104. These activity plans should be prepared by the ULB associated by Investment Program Consultant as compendium of the relevant mitigation measures identified in earlier section. They should form part of the contractual arrangements with construction contractors, or directly implemented by the CMC as facility operator, as required Work Practices.
B. Recommendations
105. It is recommended that the PMU should be involved in monitoring the
KUIDFC 71 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
implementation of those components that are critical to acceptable environmental performance of the component. Owing to the location of proposed facilities and geographical setting of the town as a whole, no major impacts envisaged from any of the proposed sub-component Investment Programs in Bijapur. In view of this importance, the PMU is delegated with the monitoring responsibility of the design stage to ensure the environmental sustainability of the NKUSIP.
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VIII. CONCLUSIONS
106. It may be emphasized that, owning to: (i) scale of activity, (ii) location of the proposed sub-project component, and (iii) ‘no environmental sensitivity’ of the sub-project town, none of the components required to go through the process of EIA. It may be emphasized that the present IEE, which identifies potential impacts and suggests appropriate mitigation measures, is sufficient enough to safeguard the environment. There are no significant adverse impacts, which are irreversible or may lead to considerable loss/destruction of environment, envisaged. All the impacts are simple and moreover proven mitigation measures exists to minimize/mitigate the same. Hence, no further study such as an EIA is required.
KUIDFC 73 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
APPENDICES
KUIDFC i WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Appendix 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist
KUIDFC 2 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
Appendix 1. Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist SEWAGE TREATMENT
Instructions:
This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.
This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.
This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation, and (v) gender and development.
Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Country/Project Title: India / North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program
Sector Division: Urban Development
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS B. Project Siting
Is the project area… Densely populated? √
Heavy with development activities? √
Adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive areas?
• Cultural heritage site √ There are about 69 protected monuments within the city limit but none of them will be affected as sewer laning is proposed along existing roads only. • Protected Area √
• Wetland √
• Mangrove √
• Estuarine √
KUIDFC 3 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS • Buffer zone of protected area √
• Special area for protecting biodiversity √
• Bay √
A. Potential Environmental Impacts
Will the Project cause… Impairment of historical/cultural √ The sewer network will be laid monuments/areas and loss/damage to these along the existing road network sites? which will not encroach in to any of the protected monument so the activity will not pose any damage to monuments. Interference with other utilities and blocking of √ During the construction stage of access to buildings; nuisance to neighboring areas underground sewer lines, traffic due to noise, smell, and influx of insects, rodents, and human activities will be etc.? temporarily interfered along with pollution due to dust generation and noise due to operation of construction machineries. Traffic management plan with proper sign boards, sprinkling of water for dust suppression, stocking of construction materials away from the densely built up have been suggested. dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people √ No land acquisition is required for project implementation so there is no resettlement of people. Impairment of downstream water quality due to √ The proposed system is inadequate sewage treatment or release of designed to meet the discharge untreated sewage? norms of Inland Surface water as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. It is suggested that the STP system should be properly maintained to ensure the efficiency of treatment and also no industrial waste / effluents should discharge to sewer lines which will affect treatment. Overflows and flooding of neighboring properties √ Periodic maintenance of sewer with raw sewage? lines has been suggested in the EMP to avoid overflowing and flooding of neighboring properties.
KUIDFC 4 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Environmental pollution due to inadequate √ It is suggested in EMP that sludge disposal or industrial waste discharges sludge disposal has to be illegally disposed in sewers? carried out once in 2 to 3 years. Sludge has to be disposed in pre-identified disposal sites to avoid surface water and soil pollution. It is suggested in EMP that the KSPCB and Bijapur CMC has to ensure that no industrial effluent will illegally get discharged to the sewer lines. Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil √ It is suggested in EMP that all works? construction machineries used will comply with the noise standards as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. Discharge of hazardous materials into sewers, √ It is suggested in EMP that resulting in damage to sewer system and danger KSPCB and Bijapur CMC has to to workers? ensure that no hazardous waste will be illegally discharged in to sewer lines. Inadequate buffer zone around pumping and √ Buffer zone with screens and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other landscaping is suggested to possible nuisances, and protect facilities? provide proper shielding such that operation of STP will not have nuisance to surroundings. Social conflicts between construction workers √ The local labour force will be from other areas and community workers? utilized by the contractor for construction activities and hence there is no possibility for social conflict regarding employment opportunities during construction phase. Road blocking and temporary flooding due to √ Road blocking and Traffic re land excavation during the rainy season? routing will be required during construction stage of sewer .lines. Temporary flooding is not anticipated as there is no deep excavation or filling of low laying area envisaged in the project. Noise and dust from construction activities? √ It is suggested in the EMP that all the construction machineries should comply with the noise standards as suggested by Central Pollution Control Board. Sprinkling of water should be done along the construction area for dust suppression.
KUIDFC 5 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Traffic disturbances due to construction material √ Traffic management with re transport and wastes? routing of traffic during construction period is required to avoid conflict of public transport with construction material / waste transport. Temporary silt runoff due to construction? √ The construction waste water will be channeled such that it will have sufficient time to settle the solids and do not deteriorate water quality of discharging courses. Hazards to public health due to overflow √ Regular maintenances of sewer flooding, and groundwater pollution due to line have to be carried out to failure of sewerage system? avoid over flow of sewer lines and related impact of public health due to pollution. There is no possibility for groundwater pollution due to failure in sewerage system as the ground water table is sufficiently deep (30-50 feet ) Deterioration of water quality due to inadequate √ Sludge from the bottom of FAL sludge disposal or direct discharge of untreated has to be removed at regular sewage water? intervals (normally once in 2-3 years) to avoid re-suspension in the treated water and there by deteriorating treated water quality. Direct discharge of untreated sewage water is not anticipated. Contamination of surface and ground waters due √ Sludge should be disposed off to sludge disposal on land? only in pre-identified disposal sites. The sludge disposal areas should be properly lined with geosynthetic lining such that it will not leach to the nearby water courses / land and pollute environment. Health and safety hazards to workers from toxic √ Mixing of hazardous / gases and hazardous materials which may be industrial effluents with sewage contained in sewage flow and exposure to may result in toxic gas pathogens in sewage and sludge? formation in sewer and STP which should be avoided through proper law and enforcement. The sewer cleaning and STP workers should be provided protective measures such as boots, masks etc to avoid exposure to pathogens in sewage and sludge.
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Appendix 2. Resolution of Bijapur CMC to Adopt the Proposals for Bijapur
KUIDFC 7 WSAPL NKUSIP (Package I - Dharwad) Tranche II Sub-Projects in Bijapur CMC Initial Environmental Examination
KUIDFC 8 WSAPL Appendix 3. Notification on Prohibited and Regulated Areas around Protected Monuments
THE GAZETTE OF INDIA
DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE (ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA) NEW DELHI, THE 16TH JUNE 1992 (ARCHAEOLOGY)
S.O.1764.—Whereas by the notification of the Government of India in the Department of Culture, Archaeological Survey of India no. S.O. 1447 dated the 15th May 1991, published in the Gazette of India, part II, Section 3, sub-section (ii) dated the 25th May 1991, the Central Government gave one month’s notice of its intention to declare areas upto 100 meters from the protected limits and further beyond it upto 200 meters near or adjoining protected monuments to be prohibited and regulated areas respectively for purposes of both mining operation and construction;
And whereas the said Gazette was made available to the public on the 5th June 1991:
And whereas objections to the making of such declaration received from the person interested in the said areas have been considered by the Central Government.
Now, therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by rule 32 of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959, the Central Government hereby declares the said areas to be prohibited and regulated areas. This shall be in addition to and not in any way prejudice to similar declarations already made in respect of monuments at Fatehpur Sikri; Mamallapuram; Golconda Fort, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh; Thousand Pillared Temple, Hanamkonda, district Warangal, Andhra Pradesh; Sher Shah’s Tomb, Sasaram, Bihar; Rock Edict of Ashoka, Kopbal, district Raichur, Karnataka; Fort Wall, Bijapur, Karnataka; Gomateswara Statue at Sravanabelagola, district Hassan, Karnataka; Elephanata Caves, Gharapuri, district Kolaba, Maharashtra.
[No. F. 8/2/90-M] M.C. JOSHI, Director General.
31 Appendix 4. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules 1959
THE GAZETTE OF INDIA EXTRAORDINARY PART II-SECTION 3 – SUB-SECTION (ii) PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY ******** NEW DELHI, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 15, 1959/ASVINA 23, 1881 ********
MINISTRY OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND CULTURAL AFFAIRS
NOTIFICATIONS NEW DELHI, THE 15TH OCTOBER, 1959
S.O. 2306.- In exercise of the powers conferred by section 38 of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sires and Remains Act, 1958 (24 of 1958), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules, the same having been previously published in the Gazette of India, Part II-Section 3-Sub-Section (ii), dated the 8th August, 1959, as required by sub-section (1) of the said section.
ANCIENT MONUMENTS AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND REMAINS RULES 1959
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY
1. Short title, date and commencement: (1) These rules may be called the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959.
(2) They extend to the whole of India, but rules 24, 25, 27, 28, 29 and 30 shall not apply to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
(3) They shall come into force on the 15th day of October, 1959.1
1. Definitions.—In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires.—
(a) “construction” means the construction of any structure and includes additions to or alterations of an existing building;
(b) “copying”, together with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, means the preparation of copies by drawing or by photography or by mould or by squeezing and includes the preparation of a cinematographic film 2[and video film] with the aid of a hand-camera which is capable of taking films of not more than eight millimeters and which does not require the use of a stand or involve any special previous arrangement;
1 Vide S.O. 2307, dated 15.10.1959 2 Vide GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991
(c) “filming”, together with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, means the preparation of a cinematographic film 1[including video film] with the aid of a camera which is capable of taking films of more than eight millimeters and which requires the use of a stand or involves other special previous arrangements;
(d) “form” means a form set out in the Third Schedule;
(e) “mining operation” means any operation for the purpose of searching for or obtaining minerals and includes quarrying, excavating, blasting and any operation of a like nature;
(f) “prohibited area” or “regulated area” means an area near or adjoining a protected monument which the Central Government has, by notification in the Official Gazette, declared to be a prohibited area, or, as the case may be, a regulated area, for purposes of mining operation or construction or both;
(g) “Schedule” means a Schedule to these rules; and
(h) “section” means a section of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 (24 of 1958).
CHAPTER II ACCESS TO PROTECTED MONUMENTS
3. Monuments governed by agreement.—(1) Access to protected monuments in respect of which an agreement has been entered into between the owner and the Central Government under section 6, or in respect of which an order has been made by that Government under section 9, shall be governed by the provisions of the agreement or, as the case may be, the order; and nothing in rules 4, 5, 6 or 7 shall be construed as affecting any such agreement or order.
(2) A copy of the relevant provisions of every such agreement or order shall be exhibited in a conspicuous part of the monument concerned.
4. Parts of monuments not open.—The Director-General may, by order, direct that 2[any protected monument or any specified part thereof] shall not be open, permanently or for a specified period, to any person other than an archaeological officer, his agents, subordinates and workmen and any other Government servant on duty at such part.
5. Monuments when kept open.--(1) The protected monument specified in the First Schedule shall remain open during the hours specified against them in that schedule; protected monuments which are not so specified and to which neither rule 3 nor rule 4 applied shall remain open from sunrise to sunset:
3[Provided that an archaeological officer, or any officer of the Archaeological Survey of India authorised by him in this behalf may, by notice to be exhibited in a conspicuous part of a protected monument, direct that a protected monument or part thereof shall.— (i) Be kept open beyond the said period; or
1 Vide GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991 2 Vide GSR 800 (E), dated 17.10.2000 with effect from 28.10.2000 3 Vide S.O. 5002, dated 13.12.1969
2 (ii) Be closed temporarily for such period as may be specified by the notice].
(2) Nothing in this rule or in rule 6 shall apply to an archaeological officer, his agents, subordinates and workmen or to any other Government servant on duty at a protected monument.
6. Entrance fee.—
1[No person above the age of fifteen years shall enter any protected monument or part thereof.—
(a) Specified as category A monuments in Part I of the Second Schedule,
2[except on payment as follows:
(i) Citizens of India – Rs. 10/- per head;
(ii) Others - 3[[US $ 5 or Indian Rs. 250/-]] per head.]
(b) Specified as category B monuments in Part II of the Second Schedule,
2[except on payment as follows;
(i) Citizens of India – Rs. 5/- per head;
(ii) Others - 3[[US $ 2 or Indian Rs. 100/-]] per head.] 4[* * *] 5[Provided further that an archaeological officer, or any officer of the Archaeological Survey of India authorised by him in this behalf may exempt, members of delegations sponsored by the Central Government or a State Government, State Guest and persons accompanying such delegations or guest, from the payment of such fee.] 6[Provided also that the Director-General may, by order, direct that, on such occasions and for such periods as may be specified in the order, no fee shall be charged for entry into a protected monument or part thereof.] 7. Holding of meetings, etc., in monuments.—(1) No protected monument shall be used for the purpose of holding any meeting, reception, party, conference or entertainment except under and in accordance with a permission in writing granted by the Central Government.
(2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall apply to any meeting, reception, party, conference or entertainment, which is held in pursuance of a recognized religious usage or custom.
8. Prohibition of certain acts within monuments.—No person shall, within a protected monument,--
1 Vide GSR 688(E), dated 24.09.2001, w.e.f. 1.10.2001. 2 Vide GSR 800(E), dated 17.10.2000, w.e.f. 28.10.2000. 3 Vide GSR 688(E), dated 24.09.2001, w.e.f. 1.10.2001. 4 Word “Provided that on every Friday, no such fee shall be charged”. Omitted by GSR 848(E) dated 3.11.2000. w.e.f. 3.11.2000. 5 Vide S.O. 3520, dated 20.11.1966. 6 Vide S.O. 5002, dated 13.12.1969.
3 (a) do any act which causes or is likely to cause damage or injury to any part of the monument; or
(b) discharge any fire-arms; or
(c) cook or consume food except in areas, if any, permitted to be used for that purpose; or
(d) 1[hawk or sell any goods or wares or canvas any custom for such goods or wares or display any advertisement in any form or show a visitor round or take his photograph for monetary consideration, except under the authority of, or under, and in accordance with the conditions of, a licence granted by an archaeological officer;]
(e) beg for alms; or
(f) violate any practice, usage or custom applicable to or observed in the monument; or
(g) bring, for any purpose other than the maintenance of the monument,
(i) any animal, or
(ii) any vehicle except in areas reserved for the parking thereof.
9. Penalty.—Whoever— (i) unlawfully enters any protected monument or part thereof at a time when, under these rules, it is not to be kept open, or
(ii) unlawfully enters any protected monument in respect of which an order has been made under rule 5, or
(iii) contravenes of any of the provisions of rule 6 or rule 7 or rule 8,
shall be punishable with fine which may be extended to five hundred rupees. CHAPTER III CONSTRUCTION AND OTHER OPERATIONS IN PROTECTED AREAS
10. Permission required for construction, etc.—(1) No person shall undertake any construction or mining operation within a protected area except under and in accordance with a permission granted in this behalf by the Central Government.
(2) Every application for permission under sub-rule (1) shall be made to the Central Government in Form-I at least three months before the date of commencement of the construction or operation.
11. Licence required for excavation.—No person other than an archaeological officer or an officer authorised by him in this behalf shall undertake any excavation for archaeological purposes in any protected area except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a licence granted under rule 13.
1 Vide S.O. 935, dated 16.02.1971.
4 12. Application for licence.—Every application for a licence shall be in Form-II and be made to the Director-General at least three months before the proposed date of the commencement of the excavation operations.
13. Grant or refusal of licence.—(1) On receipt of an application under rule 12, the Director- General may grant a licence in Form-III if he is satisfied that, having regard to the status of the applicant, the competence of the director of excavation operations, the adequacy of the staff to be employed and other relevant factors, the licence may be granted to the applicant:
Provided that no licence shall be granted unless the applicant has furnished security of such amount not exceeding rupees ten thousand as the Director-General may, having regard to the circumstances of each case, require. (2) The Director-General, by order, may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, refuse to grant a licence in any particular case.
14. Period of licence,--Every licence shall be in force for such period not exceeding three years as may be specified in the licence:
Provided that the Director-General may, on application made to him at least one month before the expiry of a licence, extend its period by one year at a time so that the aggregate period does not exceed five years. 15. Cancellation of licence,--The Director-General may, by order, cancel a licence granted under rule 13 if he is satisfied that the conduct of the excavation operations has not been satisfactory or in accordance with the conditions of the licence, or if any further security demanded under rule 18 has not been deposited within the specified time:
Provided that no licence shall be cancelled unless the licensee has been given an opportunity to make his objections. 16. Conditions of licence,--Every licence shall be subject to the following conditions, namely:
(a) the licence shall not be transferable;
(b) the licensee shall give to the Director-General, the Collector and the owner of the land to be excavated at least fifteen days’ notice in writing of the commencement of the excavation operations;
(c) the licensee shall produce the licence before the District Magistrate or the District Superintendent of Police concerned or an archaeological officer, if so required;
(d) the excavation operations shall be conducted under the supervision of the director named in the licence who shall be present at the excavation operations for at least three-fourths of the period of the operations;
(e) the licensee shall not, without the permission of the Director-General, dismantle or disturb any structures found during the excavation operations and shall make adequate arrangements for the safety of such structures and of the excavated antiquities till they are taken charge of by the Director-General;
(f) The licensee shall not subject any antiquities recovered during the excavation operations to any chemical or electrolytic process of cleaning without the written permission of the Director-General;
5 (g) An archaeological officer or his representative may inspect the excavation operations or any antiquities recovered during the operations and make notes on or copy or film the excavated structures and antiquities;
(h) The licensee shall not discontinue the excavation operations unless he has given at least fifteen days’ notice in writing to the Director-General;
(i) At the conclusion of the excavation operations, the licensee shall give notice in writing to the owner of the land specifying the nature of the antiquities, if any, recovered during the operations;
(j) The licensee shall, within three months of the completion of the excavation operations, submit to the Director General a summary report of the results of the excavation, and where the operations are carried on for a period of more than three months such report shall be submitted every quarter, and it shall be open to the Director-General to publish the report in his reports or reviews; and
(k) The licensee shall as soon as practicable submit a report in Form IV to the Central Government through the Director General on the antiquities recovered during the excavation operations.
17. Recovery from security.—The Director-General may, by order, direct the deduction, from the security furnished by a licensee under rule 13, of—
(a) the value of any antiquities recovered during the excavation operations and lost or destroyed while in the custody of the licensee; and
(b) any compensation payable by the Central Government under section 27 to the owner or occupier of the land excavated by the licensee.
18. Demand of further security.—Where during the currency of a licence, any amount has been recovered under rule 17, the Director-General may require the licensee, within such time as he may specify, to deposit such further sum as security as is equivalent to the amount so recovered.
19. Appeal.—Any person aggrieved by an order of the Director-General under rule 13 or rule 15 or rule 17 may prefer an appeal to the Central Government; and the decision of that Government on such appeal shall be final.
20. Return of security.—On expiration or earlier cancellation of a licence, the security deposited by the licensee or the balance thereof remaining after deduction of any amount under rule 17 shall be returned to him.
21. Publication of the result of excavation.—Save as otherwise provided in rule 16, the Director-General shall not, without the consent of the licensee, publish the results of the excavation unless the licensee has failed to publish the results within the period specified by the Director-General in this behalf.
22. Retention of antiquities by licensee.—The Central Government may, by order, subject to such terms and conditions as may be specified, permit the licensee to retain such of the antiquities recovered during the excavation operations as may be specified therein:
6 Provided that human relics of historical importance and antiquities, which, in the opinion of the Central Government, are of national importance, shall not be permitted to be retained by the licensee. 23. Penalty.—Whoever—
(i) unlawfully undertakes any excavation for archaeological purposes in any protected area, or
(ii) contravenes any of the conditions of a licence,
shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees. CHAPTER IV EXCAVATION IN UNPROTECTED AREAS
24. Intimation to the Central Government.—Every State Government intending to undertake or authorize any person to undertake any archaeological excavation or other like operation in any area which is not a protected area shall intimate its intention to the Central Government at least three months prior to the proposed date of the commencement of the excavation or operation specifying the following details, namely,—
(i) name, location and other details of the site;
(ii) nature of antiquities previously found;
(iii) details of previous explorations, if any;
(iv) purpose of the excavation or operation;
(v) proposed extent of the excavation or operation (a plan of the site in triplicate showing in red outline the extent of the proposed excavation or operation should be attached);
(vi) proposed duration of the excavation or operation;
(vii) amount of the proposed expenditure on the excavation or operation; and
(viii) name and status of the director of the excavation or operation.
25. Approval by the Central Government.—After considering the proposal, the Central Government may either approve it or advise the State Government to modify it or to abandon it altogether.
26. Deputation of an archaeological officer.—The Central Government may depute an archaeological officer to inspect the excavation or operation while it is in progress and render such advise as he deems necessary.
CHAPTER V REPORT ON EXCAVATED ANTIQUITIES BY AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL OFFICER
27. Form of report by an archaeological officer.—Where, as a result of an excavation made by an archaeological officer in any area under section 21 or 22 any antiquities are
7 discovered, the archaeological officer shall, as soon as practicable, submit a report in Form V to the Central Government through the Director-General on the antiquities recovered during the excavation.
CHAPTER VI MOVING OF ANTIQUITIES FROM CERTAIN AREAS
28. Application for moving antiquities.—Every application for permission to move any antiquities or any class of antiquities in respect of which a notification has been issued under sub-section (1) of section 25 shall be made in Form-VI to the Director-General at least three months before the proposed date of the moving.
29. Grant of refusal of permission.—On receipt of an application under rule 28, the Director- General may, after making such enquiry as be may deem necessary, grant permission for the moving of all or any of the antiquities or, for reasons to be recorded, refuse such permission.
30. Appeal.—Any person aggrieved by an order of the Director General under rule 29 may prefer an appeal to the Central Government; and the decision of that Government on such appeal shall be final.
CHAPTER VII MINING OPERATION AND CONSTRUCTION NEAR PROTECTED MONUMENTS
31. Notice of intention to declare a prohibited or regulated area.--(1) Before declaring an area near or adjoining a protected monument to be a prohibited area or a regulated area for purposes of mining operation or construction or both, the Central Government shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, give one month’s notice of its intention to do so; and a copy of such notification shall be affixed in a conspicuous place near the area.
(2) Every such notification shall specify the limits of the area which is to be so declared and shall also call for objections, if any, from interested persons.
32. Declaration of prohibited or regulated area.—After the expiry of one month from the date of the notification under rule 31 and after considering the objections, if any, received within the said period, the Central Government may declare, by notification in the Official Gazette, the area specified in the notification under rule 31, or any part of such area, to be a prohibited area, or, as the case maybe, a regulated area for purposes of mining operation or construction or both.
33. Effect of declaration of prohibited or regulated area.—No person other than an archaeological officer shall undertake any mining operation or any construction—
(a) in a prohibited area, or
(b) in a regulated area, except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a licence granted by the Director-General.
34. Application for licence.—Every person intending to undertake any mining operation or any construction in a regulated area shall apply to the Director-General in Form VII at least three months before the date of commencement of such operation or construction.
8 35. Grant or refusal of licence.—(1) On receipt of an application under rule 34, the Director General may grant a licence or, if he is satisfied that the licence asked for should not be granted, may, for reasons to be recorded, refuse to grant a licence.
(2) Every licence granted under sub-rule (1) shall be in Form VIII and be subject to the following conditions, namely:-
(a) the licence shall not be transferable;
(b) it shall be valid for the period specified therein; and
(c) any other condition relating to the manner of carrying out the mining operation or the construction which the Director-General may specify in the licence for ensuring the safety and appearance of, and the maintenance of the approach and access to, the protected monument.
36. Cancellation of licence.—The Director-General may, by order, cancel a licence granted under rule 35 if he is satisfied that any of its conditions has been violated:
Provided that no licence shall be cancelled unless the licensee has been given an opportunity to make his objections. 37. Appeal.—Any person aggrieved by an order of the Director-General made under rule 35 or rule 36 may prefer an appeal to the Central Government; and the decision of that Government on such appeal shall be final.
38. Removal of unauthorized buildings.—(1) The Central Government may, by order, direct the owner or occupier of an unauthorized building in a prohibited area or in a regulated area or of a building or part thereof which has been constructed in contravention of any of the conditions of a licence granted under rule 35 to remove such building or part thereof within a period specified in that order.
(2) If the owner or occupier refuses or fails to comply with an order made under sub-rule (1), the Central Government may direct the District Magistrate to cause the building or part thereof to be removed, and the owner or occupier shall be liable to pay the cost of such removal.
39. Penalty. —Whoever—
(i) unlawfully undertakes any mining operation or construction in a prohibited area or in a regulated area, or
(ii) contravenes any of the conditions of a licence, or
(iii) fails or refuses to comply with an order made under sub-rule (1) of rule 38,
shall be punishable with imprisonment, which may extend to three months or with fine which may extend to five thousand rupees or with both. CHAPTER VIII COPYING AND FILMING OF PROTECTED MONUMENTS
40. Permission required for copying certain monuments.—The Director General may, by order, direct that no person other than an archaeological officer or an officer authorized by an archaeological officer in this behalf shall copy any specified monument or part thereof except
9 under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a permission in writing by an archaeological officer.
41. Conditions of copying other monuments.—(1) Any person may copy a protected monument in respect of which no order under rule 40 has been made.
(2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall be construed as authorizing any person other than an archaeological officer or an officer authorised by him in this behalf, while copying any such monument, to—
(a) bring into or use within the precincts of such monument a camera-stand, stool, chair, table, large drawing-board, easel or any such appliance, or
(b) erect any scaffolding within such precincts, or
(c) use within such precincts any artificial light other than a flash-light synchronised with the exposure of a camera, or
(d) apply any extraneous matter, such as water, oil, grease or any moulding material, on such monument or part thereof, or
(e) prepare a direct tracing or mould or squeeze of such monument or part thereof, except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a permission in writing granted by an archaeological officer.
42. Licence required for filming.—
1[(1) No person other than an archaeological officer or an officer authorised by him in this behalf shall undertake any filming operation at a protected monument or part thereof except under and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a licence granted under rule 44.
2[(2) Nothing in sub-rule (1) shall apply to any person undertaking video filming from exterior of a protected monument except those specified in the Second Schedule in respect of which video-filming shall be permitted on payment of Rs. 25/-;
Provided it is for non-commercial purpose and does not involve any cast and use of a stand or in anyway interfere with customary and religious practices and work and work of repairs.]
43. Application for licence.—Every person intending to undertake any filming operation at a protected monument shall apply to the Director-General in Form IX at least three months before the proposed date of the commencement of such operation.
44. Grant or refusal of licence.—(1) On receipt of an application under rule 43, the Director General may grant a licence 3[on payment of a fee of Rs. 5,000 (rupees five thousand) in case of professionals and other agencies] or, if he is satisfied that the licence asked for should not be granted, may, for reasons to be recorded, refuse to grant a licence:
Provided that the Director General shall not grant any licence to film the interior of any protected monument, that is to say such part of any protected monument as is covered
1 Renumbered by GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991. 2 Vide GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991. 3 Vide GSR 90, dated 30.01.1991.
10 by a roof of any description, except when the film is for the purpose of education or of publicising the monument.
(2) Every licence granted under sub-rule (1) shall be in Form X and be subject to the following conditions, namely:-
(a) the licence shall not be transferable and shall be valid for the period specified therein;
(b) nothing shall be done by the licensee or any member of his party which has, or may have, the effect of exposing any part of the monument or attached lawn or garden to the risk of damage;
(c) the filming operation shall be restricted to that part of the monument in respect of which the licence has been granted;
(d) no extraneous matter, such as water, oil, grease or the like, shall be applied on any part of the monument;
(e) the generating plant for electric power, wherever required, shall be placed away from the monument or the attached lawn or garden;
(f) the filming operation shall not obstruct or hamper the movement of persons who may lawfully be within the precincts of the monuments and
(g) any other condition which the Director-General may specify in the licence.
45. Cancellation of licence.—The Director-General, by order, may, after giving notice to the licence, cancel a licence granted under rule 44 if he is satisfied that any of its conditions has been violated.
46. Appeal.—Any person aggrieved by an order of the Director-General made under rule 44 or rule 45 may prefer an appeal to the Central Government; and the decision of that Government on such appeal shall be final.
47. Certain rules not affected.—Nothing in rule 41 and no provision of a permission granted under rule 40 or of a licence granted under rule 44 shall affect the operation of rules 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
48. Penalty.—Whoever copies or films any protected monument or does any other act in contravention of any provision of this chapter or of any permission or licence granted thereunder shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.
CHAPTER IX MISCELLANEOUS
49. Manner of preferring an appeal.—
(1) Every appeal to the Central Government under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, or under these rules shall be in writing and shall be preferred within one month of the date of receipt of the order appealed against.
(2) Every such appeal shall be accompanied by a copy of the order appealed against.
11 50. Service of orders and notices.—Every order or notice made or issued under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958, or these rules shall—
(a) in the case of any order or notice of a general nature or affecting a class of persons, be published in the Official Gazette; and
(b) in the case of any order or notice affecting a corporation or firm, be served in the manner provided for the service of summons in rule 2 of order XXIX or rule 3 of order XXX, as the case may be, in the First Schedule to the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908; and
(c) in the case of any order or notice affecting an individual person, be served on such person—
(i) by delivering or tendering it to the person concerned, or
(ii) if it cannot be so delivered or tendered, by delivering or tendering it to any adult male member of the family of such person or by affixing a copy thereof on the outer door or some conspicuous part of the premises in which that person is known to have last resided or carried on business or personally worked for gain, or
(iii) by sending it by registered post, acknowledgement due.
12