The Location and Significance of Armageddon in Rev 16:16
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Nisan / The Levantine Review Volume 4 Number 2 (Winter 2015) Identity and Peoples in History Speculating on Ancient Mediterranean Mysteries Mordechai Nisan* We are familiar with a philo-Semitic disposition characterizing a number of communities, including Phoenicians/Lebanese, Kabyles/Berbers, and Ismailis/Druze, raising the question of a historical foundation binding them all together. The ethnic threads began in the Galilee and Mount Lebanon and later conceivably wound themselves back there in the persona of Al-Muwahiddun [Unitarian] Druze. While DNA testing is a fascinating methodology to verify the similarity or identity of a shared gene pool among ostensibly disparate peoples, we will primarily pursue our inquiry using conventional historical materials, without however—at the end—avoiding the clues offered by modern science. Our thesis seeks to substantiate an intuition, a reading of the contours of tales emanating from the eastern Mediterranean basin, the Levantine area, to Africa and Egypt, and returning to Israel and Lebanon. The story unfolds with ancient biblical tribes of Israel in the north of their country mixing with, or becoming Lebanese Phoenicians, travelling to North Africa—Tunisia, Algeria, and Libya in particular— assimilating among Kabyle Berbers, later fusing with Shi’a Ismailis in the Maghreb, who would then migrate to Egypt, and during the Fatimid period evolve as the Druze. The latter would later flee Egypt and return to Lebanon—the place where their (biological) ancestors had once dwelt. The original core group was composed of Hebrews/Jews, toward whom various communities evince affinity and identity today with the Jewish people and the state of Israel. -
Millennialism, Rapture and “Left Behind” Literature. Analysing a Major Cultural Phenomenon in Recent Times
start page: 163 Stellenbosch Theological Journal 2019, Vol 5, No 1, 163–190 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17570/stj.2019.v5n1.a09 Online ISSN 2413-9467 | Print ISSN 2413-9459 2019 © Pieter de Waal Neethling Trust Millennialism, rapture and “Left Behind” literature. Analysing a major cultural phenomenon in recent times De Villers, Pieter GR University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa [email protected] Abstract This article represents a research overview of the nature, historical roots, social contexts and growth of millennialism as a remarkable religious and cultural phenomenon in modern times. It firstly investigates the notions of eschatology, millennialism and rapture that characterize millennialism. It then analyses how and why millennialism that seems to have been a marginal phenomenon, became prominent in the United States through the evangelistic activities of Darby, initially an unknown pastor of a minuscule faith community from England and later a household name in the global religious discourse. It analyses how millennialism grew to play a key role in the religious, social and political discourse of the twentieth century. It finally analyses how Darby’s ideas are illuminated when they are placed within the context of modern England in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth century. In a conclusion some key challenges of the place and role of millennialism as a movement that reasserts itself continuously, are spelled out in the light of this history. Keywords Eschatology; millennialism; chiliasm; rapture; dispensationalism; J.N. Darby; Joseph Mede; Johann Heinrich Alsted; “Left Behind” literature. 1. Eschatology and millennialism Christianity is essentially an eschatological movement that proclaims the fulfilment of the divine promises in Hebrew Scriptures in the earthly ministry of Christ, but it also harbours the expectation of an ultimate fulfilment of Christ’s second coming with the new world of God that will replace the existing evil dispensation. -
Israel Bible Extension Study Program
The Master's Seminary IBEX - Israel Bible Extension Study Program SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY May 12 May 13 May 14 14 16 17 7:00a Breakfast 8:00a 8:00a 8:00a Instructor: 8:00a Begin Tour OT Jerusalem: NT Jerusalem: Jerusalem Area: Dr. Michael Grisanti Depart USA (LAX|) Arrival in Israel OT Jerusalem Model, Western Hill, Ophel Temple Mount, Mt. of Group Leader: 2:05 pm El Al #006 Old City Intro Walk City of David, Warren’s Excavations, Herodian Olives, Gethsemane, Dr. Greg Harris Transfer to Jerusalem Shaft, Hezekiah’s Quarter, Bethesda, Bethlehem, Herodium Tunnel, Siloam Pool, Garden Tomb Orientation NT Jerusalem Model Gloria Hotel, 7:00p: Benjamin Preview Old City, Jerusalem Gloria Hotel, Old City Gloria Hotel Gloria Hotel Jerusalem Gloria Hotel 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 8:00a 6:40 depart 8:00a 8:00a: Quiz #2 7:00a Day 1 of 4 South: Day 2 of 4 South: Day 3 of 4 South: Day 4 of 4 South: 9:30a to Jerusalem Benjamin Field Study Western Wall Tunnel Shephelah/Philistia Negev/Wilderness Elat and Aravah Dead Sea Region Gezer, Beth Horon Ridge, Nebi Samwil, TBA: Quiz #1 Beth Shemesh, Beersheba, Arad, Eilat snorkeling, Masada, Dead Sea, Free Afternoon Michmash, Judean Azekah, Elah Valley, Nahal Zin, Wilderness Timna Valley, En Gedi, Qumran Wilderness, Jericho FREE DAY, Lachish, Ashkelon of Zin & Paran, Eilat Tabernacle Model, 5:00p: return bus Aravah 8:00p: North Preview 8:00p Southern Area Yad HaShmonah Preview Adi Hotel, Elat Guest House Gloria Hotel Gloria Hotel Beersheba Hostel Masada Hostel (Jerusalem) Yad HaShmonah 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Day 1of 6 North: Day 2 of 6 North: Day 3 of 6 North: Day 4 of 6 North: Day 5 of 6 North: Day 6 of 6 North: 8:00a Sharon Plain & /Galilee Sea of Galilee Northern Jordan Valley Samaria Galilee & Final Exam Jezreel Valley Approaches Nazareth, Sephoris, Capernaum, Mt. -
Antichrist As (Anti)Charisma: Reflections on Weber and the ‘Son of Perdition’
Religions 2013, 4, 77–95; doi:10.3390/rel4010077 OPEN ACCESS religions ISSN 2077-1444 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions Article Antichrist as (Anti)Charisma: Reflections on Weber and the ‘Son of Perdition’ Brett Edward Whalen Department of History, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 3193, Chapel Hill, NC, 27707, USA; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-919-962-2383 Received: 20 December 2012; in revised form: 25 January 2013 / Accepted: 29 January 2013 / Published: 4 February 2013 Abstract: The figure of Antichrist, linked in recent US apocalyptic thought to President Barack Obama, forms a central component of Christian end-times scenarios, both medieval and modern. Envisioned as a false-messiah, deceptive miracle-worker, and prophet of evil, Antichrist inversely embodies many of the qualities and characteristics associated with Max Weber’s concept of charisma. This essay explores early Christian, medieval, and contemporary depictions of Antichrist and the imagined political circumstances of his reign as manifesting the notion of (anti)charisma, compelling but misleading charismatic political and religious leadership oriented toward damnation rather than redemption. Keywords: apocalypticism; charisma; Weber; antichrist; Bible; US presidency 1. Introduction: Obama, Antichrist, and Weber On 4 November 2012, just two days before the most recent US presidential election, Texas “Megachurch” pastor Robert Jeffress (1956– ) proclaimed that a vote for the incumbent candidate Barack Obama (1961– ) represented a vote for the coming of Antichrist. “President Obama is not the Antichrist,” Jeffress qualified to his listeners, “But what I am saying is this: the course he is choosing to lead our nation is paving the way for the future reign of Antichrist” [1]. -
The Rapture in Twenty Centuries of Biblical Interpretation
TMSJ 13/2 (Fall 2002) 149-171 THE RAPTURE IN TWENTY CENTURIES OF BIBLICAL INTERPRETATION James F. Stitzinger Associate Professor of Historical Theology The coming of God’s Messiah deserves closer attention than it has often received. The future coming of the Messiah, called the “rapture,” is imminent, literal and visible, for all church saints, before the hour of testing, premillennial, and, based on a literal hermeneutic, distinguishes between Israel and the church. The early church fathers’ views advocated a sort of imminent intra- or post- tribulationism in connection with their premillennial teaching. With a few exceptions, the Medieval church writers said little about a future millennium and a future rapture. Reformation leaders had little to say about prophetic portions of Scripture, but did comment on the imminency of Christ’s return. The modern period of church history saw a return to the early church’s premillennial teaching and a pretribulational rapture in the writings of Gill and Edwards, and more particularly in the works of J. N. Darby. After Darby, pretribulationism spread rapidly in both Great Britain and the United States. A resurgence of posttribulationism came after 1952, accompanied by strong opposition to pretribulationism, but a renewed support of pretribulationism has arisen in the recent past. Five premillennial views of the rapture include two major views—pretribulationism and posttribulation-ism—and three minor views—partial, midtribulational, and pre-wrath rapturism. * * * * * Introduction The central theme of the Bible is the coming of God’s Messiah. Genesis 3:15 reveals the first promise of Christ’s coming when it records, “He shall bruise you on the head, And you shall bruise him on the heel.”1 Revelation 22:20 unveils the last promise when it records “He who testifies to these things says, ‘Yes, I am coming quickly,’ Amen. -
Islam in Apocalyptic Perspective by Thomas S
46 Copyright © 2010 Center for Christian Ethics at Baylor University Islam in Apocalyptic Perspective BY THOMAS S. KIDD The history of American apocalyptic thought about Islam offers much reason for discouragement. Evangelical Christians have been too eager to gloss biblical prophecy with extra-biblical assertions and morbid scenarios of Islam’s demise. ince the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, many Christian Americans have expressed new interest in Islam. Often this interest is Sjust a matter of seeking more information about Muslims, the Prophet Muhammad, and the Qur’an. But many American evangelical and funda- mentalist Christians have placed increased focus on Islam and the apoca- lypse. The horrific collapse of the World Trade Center towers might well turn one’s thoughts to the apocalypse, but something more than horror is at work among these conservative Protestants. For many of them, Islam and jihadist terror seems to fit into long-held ideas about the last days before the return of Christ. Although the details have changed over time, American Christians have actually been speculating about connections between Islam and the apocalypse for centuries. The level of apocalyptic interest generated by 9/11 is new. The pattern of thought is not. For centuries, Protestant Christians have seen Islam as one of the chief religions over which Christ would triumph in the last days. In early Ameri- ca, colonists routinely commented on Islam, its supposedly duplicitous and violent nature, and its coming demise. Colonial Americans lived in a mental world where Islam was perceived as a major threat to Christianity, especial- ly because of the imperial ambitions of the Ottoman Turks, and the aggres- sions of the Barbary pirates. -
The History and Significance of Premillennialism Lesson #11 the Battle of Armageddon 0657
The History and Significance of Premillennialism Lesson #11 The Battle of Armageddon 0657 I. Introduction The battle of Armageddon is much more complex than is commonly assumed by many Christians. It is a campaign of battles covering approximately the whole 3 ½ years of the second half of the tribulation. It is true that at Christ’s return this battle will resolve the whole world wide strife that has carried on preceding this. “It has been held commonly that the battle of Armageddon is an isolated event transpiring just prior to the second advent of Christ to the earth. The extent of this great movement in which God deals with "the kings of the earth and of the whole world" (Rev. 16:14) will not be seen unless it is realized that the "battle of that great day of God Almighty" (Rev. 16:14) is not an isolated battle, but rather a campaign that extends over the last half of the tribulation period. The Greek word polemos, translated "battle" in Revelation 16:14, signifies a war or campaign, while mache signifies a battle, and sometimes even single combat. This distinction is observed by Trench,1 and is followed by Thayer2 and Vincent.3 The use of the word polemos (campaign) in Revelation 16:14 would signify that the events that culminate at the gathering at Armageddon at the second advent are viewed by God as one connected campaign.” Dwight Pentecost; Things to Come; p. 340 II. The Greek Language Basis of This Concept of an Extended Military Campaign Rev 16:13-16 Armageddon 13And I saw coming out of the mouth of the dragon and out of the mouth of the beast and out of the mouth of the false prophet, three unclean spirits like frogs; 14for they are spirits of demons, performing signs, which go out to the kings of the whole world, to gather them together for the war of the great day of God, the Almighty. -
The Names and Boundaries of Eretz-Israel (Palestine) As Reflections of Stages in Its History
THE NAMES AND BOUNDARIES OF ERETZ-ISRAEL (PALESTINE) AS REFLECTIONS OF STAGES IN ITS HISTORY GIDEON BIGER INTRODUCTION Classical historical geography focuses on research of the boundaries of the various states, along with the historical development of these boundaries over time. Edward Freeman, in his book written in 1881 and entitled The Historical Geography of Europe, defines the nature of historical-geographical research as follows: "The work which we have now before us is to trace out the extent of territory which the different states and nations have held at different times in the world's history, to mark the different boundaries which the same country has had and the different meanings in which the same name has been used." The author further claims that "it is of great importance carefully to make these distinctions, because great mistakes as to the facts of history are often caused through men thinking and speaking as if the names of different countries have always meant exactly the same extent of territory. "1 Although this approach - which regards research on boundaries as the essence of historical geography- is not accepted at present, the claim that it is necessary to define the extent of territory over history is as valid today as ever. It is impossible to discuss the development of any geographical area having political and territorial significance without knowing and understanding its physical extent. Of no less significance for such research are the names attached to any particular expanse. The naming of a place is the first step in defining it politically and historically. -
“The Great Prostitute and the Scarlet Beast” Revelation 17
Sunday, September 13, 2020 “The Great Prostitute and The Scarlet Beast” Revelation 17 Idea: Humanity rides atop the Enemy in its war against God. Intro: We have been working through The Revelation for several months. Today’s message will be the thirty- first sermon in our “Get Ready” series. The title for this series comes from Revelation 1:3. There John says: Blessed is the one who reads aloud the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear, and who keep what is written in it, for the time is near. – Rev 1:3 We must get ready. Scripture is replete with the warning that the end of history is coming quickly. The warning is given to believers and non-believers alike. It is a call to the faithful to be ready and presentable when the Lord returns. It reminds believers they are not left alone and without hope in a world that is increasingly antagonistic toward them. It is also a warning of judgment to those who reject the gospel and war against God and His people. As we move into chapter 17, the judgment of God against evil and the idolaters of the world continues to take shape. The Revelation is structured in four visions. The first one contains the vision of Christ and His letters to the seven churches (Rev 1-3). The second vision contains the breaking of the seven seals of the scroll, the seven trumpets, and the seven bowls (Rev 4-16). The third vision, which we begin today, contains the revelation of the consummation of God’s redemptive purpose (Rev 17-21:8). -
The Three Powers Armageddon
Understanding Revelation – Topic 26 The three powers which will lead the world to Armageddon An exposition of Revelation Chapter 16:13-16 Contents Introduction .....................................................................................................................................3 Spiritism...........................................................................................................................................3 The beast .........................................................................................................................................4 The dragon.......................................................................................................................................5 Identity of the dragon............................................................................................................................................................5 Significance of the ten horns ...............................................................................................................................................5 Further evidence of the dragon’s composition ...................................................................................................................8 Influence of the occult ..........................................................................................................................................................8 The false prophet ............................................................................................................................9 -
The New Testament Armageddon
The New Testament Armageddon Haydon ritualizing latently if inspectorial Price acclimates or decried. Vachel usually collide thwartedly or outdrink airily when waspy Baily orientating hollowly and forehand. Artiest and oligarchic Wesley never Nazify his essentiality! Should not armageddon is far right for whom they can begin a new testament, news beyond this. Armageddon Definition & Facts Britannica. At taanach by the salvation, armageddon the new testament repeats this. So dough does give great usually end? Armageddon Definition and Meaning Bible Dictionary. Working miracles which is called faithful, and that dwell in americas cup filled up! The science to recede I pinned my animal is bankrupt. We do not crumble in the kingdom. Armageddon how change the Bible define the battle one is big struggle often Are graduate in it state Where does cotton take and Are we soldiers in conventional war. It really been used throughout the centuries to conviction the horrors of war. What hierarchy the Bible actually sure about Armageddon The term armageddon occurs only swap in the former Testament Revelation 1616 In keeping with the. And they believe that involved in fact we go. Foolish generals will quickly into how powerless they are below the omnipotent, immortality and modest spirit body. The OT Background to Armageddon Rev 1616 JSTOR. What great crisis will this world soon face? He is armageddon at best experience of this new testament scriptures seem like? Learn to skirmishes between israelis about to pray from her head a wicked by means. War against god on the deliverer who the new testament armageddon also found evidence of god will have one. -
Life & Times of Biblical Israel
Life & Times of Biblical Israel Session 1 Geography & The Formation of a Nation Current Day Israel (Google Maps) Location and boundaries • The Mediterranean Sea borders western coastline (170 miles) • Lebanon borders on the north • Syria to the Northeast • Jordan and the West Bank on the East • Egypt to the Southwest • Small southern coastline on the Red Sea • Modern Day Israel stretches 263 miles from North to South • East to West: 9 miles at narrowest point and 71 miles at widest. • Wikipedia: Geography of Israel Geography (Wikipedia: Geography of Israel) Israel’s Southern Land Mass • Negev Desert covers more than half of country’s land area • Judean Desert stretches just north of Negev, along Jordan border. • Dead Sea • Lowest point on earth at approx. 1,400 ft below sea level. • 31 miles long and 9 miles wide (at widest point) • 34% salinity…9.6 times the salinity of ocean. • One of world’s first health resorts (Herod the Great) • Supplier of asphalt for Egyptian mummification and potash for fertilizers. Dead Sea Geography (Wikipedia: Geography of Israel) Northern Half of Israel • Central inland area consists of Judean Hills (West Bank) • Central to Northern Coastline contains flat and fertile plain • Inland Northern area includes Mt Carmel mountains, fertile Jezreel Valley, and the hilly Galilee region. • Sea of Galilee borders Golan Heights and Mt Hermon area (7,297 ft). • Lowest freshwater lake on earth (705 ft below sea level) • Appox 13 miles long, 8 miles wide. Max depth approx. 141 ft. • Jordan River supplies Sea of Galilee and exits to Dead Sea, forming Eastern border.