The Land and the Bible
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The Land and the Bible A Historical Geographical Companion to the Satellite Bible Atlas Version 5, September 2013 by Bill Schlegel The Land and the Bible: A Historical Geographical Companion to the Satellite Bible Atlas Copyright © 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 by Bill Schlegel. All rights reserved. ~B'lib. ytir"AT ~[; qd<c, y[ed>yO yl;ae W[m.vi WTx'Te-la; ~t'poDUGImiW vAna/ tP;r>x, War>yTi-la; ss' ~lek.ayO rm,C,k;w> v[' ~lek.ayO dg<B,k; yKi ~yrIAD rAdl. yti['WvywI hy<h.Ti ~l'A[l. ytiq'd>ciw> ישעיה נ"א: 7-8 Unless indicated as the author's translation – Scripture taken form the NEW AMERICAN STANDARD BIBLE ®, Copyright © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by the Lockman Foundation. Used by permission. www.Lockman.org References appear as in-text parenthesis, e.g. (Merrill 25), indicating the name of the author (or title) and page number of the work cited. In-text references appearing in The Land and the Bible are as follows: Aharoni Aharoni, Yohanan. The Land of the Bible. London: Burns and Oates, 1962 (revised 1979). ANET Pritchard, James (ed.). Ancient Near Eastern Texts. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1969 (3rd edition). Antiquities Josephus Flavius (William Whiston translation). Antiquities of the Jews. BAR Biblical Archaeology Review Beitzel Beitzel, B. The New Moody Atlas of Bible. Chicago: Moody, 2009. Bimson Bimson, John. Redating the Exodus and Conquest. Sheffield: Almond Press, 1981. Merrill Merrill, Eugene. Kingdom of Priests, 2nd edition. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2008. Monson Monson, James. The Land Between. Jerusalem, 1983. Rainey Rainey & Notley. A Sacred Bridge. Jerusalem: Carta, 2006. Smith Smith, G.A. The Historical Geography of the Holy Land. Hodder & Stoughton, 1894. Fontana Library Reprint, 1966. Thiele Thiele, Edwin. The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983. 1994 reprint by Kregel Publications. War Josephus Flavius (William Whiston translation). Wars of the Jews. Table of Contents Regional Geographical Maps Divided Monarchy I 1-1 Satellite Map 6-1 Division of the Kingdom and Shishak's Campaign 1-2 Regions and Routes 6-2 Judah-Israel Border Disputes: Asa and Baasha 1-3 North (Samaria to Mt. Hermon) 6-3 Elijah, Omri and Ahab: Israel's Relation with Aram 1-4 Jezreel Valley, Lower Galilee 6-4 Mesha Stele: Israel and Judah's Relation with Moab & Edom 1-5 Golan 6-5 Elisha, J(eh)oram, Jehu: Relations with Aram & Assyria 1-6 Samaria, Judea, Transjordan 1-7 Samaria Divided Monarchy II 1-8 Benjamin and Jerusalem Area 1-9 Benjamin (East) 7-1 Aramean Oppression of Israel and Judah 1-10 Judah: Hill Country, Shephelah, Coast 7-2 Resurgence in Israel & Judah: Jeroboam II & Uzziah 1-11 Shephelah of Judah 7-3 Ahaz of Judah: Lost Territory, Prophets Isaiah & Micah 1-12 South (Negev to Elath) 7-4. Assyrian Empire 1-13 Biblical Negev 7-5 Assyria in Israel: Tiglath Pileser III 1-14 Dead Sea and Moab 7-6 Fall of Samaria, Assyrian Expansion 1-15 3D Views East and North 7-7 Hezekiah against Sennacherib 1-16 3D View Northeast 7-8 Babylonian Empire 1-17 Archaeology: The Tel 7-9 Fall of Jerusalem: Babylonian Conquest The Patriarchs and Egyptian Relations with Canaan Persian, Hasmonean and Hellenistic Periods 2-1 Origins of the Patriarchs 8-1 Persian Empire 2-2 The Patriarchs: Abraham and Isaac 8-2 Return and Restoration 2-3 Jacob and Joseph 8-3 Alexander the Great 2-4 Thutmose III: Egyptian 18th Dynasty in Canaan 8-4 Maccabean Revolt: Matathias, Judas, Jonathan, Simon 2-5 Thutmose III’s Conquest of Megiddo (Detail) 8-5 Summary of Hasmonean Conquests and Rule The Exodus and Conquest The Life of Christ 3-1 Exodus and Journey through Sinai 9-1 Herod the Great 3-2 Wilderness Wanderings 9-2 Political Borders at the time of Jesus: Sons of Herod 3-3. Transjordan Campaigns 9-3 Early Ministry of Jesus and John the Baptist 3-4 Borders of the Promised Land 9-4 Jesus' Move from Nazareth to Capernaum 3-5 Entry into Canaan: Jericho and Ai 9-5 Jesus' Public Galilean Ministry 3-6 Joshua's Conquest: Central and Southern Campaigns 9-6 Jesus' Private Galilean Ministry 3-7 Joshua's Conquest: Northern Campaign 9-7 Jesus’ Ministry around the Sea of Galilee: Summary 3-8 The Amarna Age: Kings of Canaan 9-8 Later Ministry in Judea and Beyond Jordan 9-9 Jesus in Jerusalem Israelite Settlement and Judges The Acts of the Apostles and Jewish Revolts against Rome 4-1 Israelite Tribal Allotments 4-2 Unconquered Territories 10-1 Acts of the Apostles in Israel 4-3 Early Judges in Judah and Benjamin 10-2 Paul’s 1st Missionary Journey 4-4 Egyptian Operations in Canaan in the 19th Dynasty 10-3 Paul’s 2nd Missionary Journey 4-5 Deborah and Barak 10-4 Paul’s 3rd Missionary Journey 4-6 Gideon 10-5 Paul’s Journey to Rome 4-7 Jephthah 10-6 1st Revolt and Roman Conquest of Jerusalem 4-8 Samson 10-7 Bar Kochva Revolt 4-9 Dan Migration, Benjamin Civil War, and Ruth Jerusalem United Monarchy 11-1 Jerusalem Old Testament 11-2 Jerusalem New Testament 5-1 Samuel's Ministry 5-2 Saul's Beginning and End Modern Borders 5-3 David and Saul 5-4 David Works for the Philistines at Ziklag 12-1 Middle East 5-5 David's Reign 12-2 Israel 5-6 David's Census and Solomon's Reign 12-3 Regional Schematic Note to Students: The The Land and the Bible and its companion, the Satellite Bible Atlas are works in progress. Students using these versions should be aware of the following: Fuller Commentary The Land and the Bible is a more in depth commentary compared to the shorter, edited commentary that appears opposite each map in the Satellite Bible Atlas. Students preparing for the semester program in Israel must read the The Land and the Bible commentary. Bible Reading As you read through the The Land and the Bible you will be instructed to READ biblical passages. The importance of this Bible reading cannot be over-emphasized. The Land and the Bible commentary and Satellite Bible Atlas are only tools to enable one to know the Bible better. Take advantage of this opportunity of seeing the biblical events marked out on the map to read the description of the event from the Bible. Biblical references for each mapped event are also found in Satellite Bible Atlas. Mistakes There are mistakes of omission and commission in both The Land and the Bible and the Satellite Bible Atlas. The hope is to reduce these mistakes in future versions. Chronology The Satellite Bible Atlas takes a conservative view of biblical chronology, accepting chronological numbers given in the Bible at face value. Various other methodologies and dates have been proposed in association with biblical chronology, including the view that Abraham, Moses, Joshua or David never existed. For more detailed discussion of biblical chronology as presented in the Satellite Bible Atlas, see Eugene Merrill’s Kingdom of Priests (Baker Books, 2008). Dates for Egyptian pharaohs follow the “high chronology” of the Cambridge Ancient History. Orientation Maps are north oriented; however, several of the maps are positioned so that viewing with north orientation requires rotating the book 90 degrees clockwise (e.g., Map 2-1). Section 1 Regional Maps The SBA has no written commentary for the Regional Geographical Maps, Section 1. Instead, there is video commentary for these maps onYouTube, http://www.youtube.com/user/SatelliteBibleAtlas. These Regional Maps can be referred to for more detailed geographical views. For instance, Map 5- 3 marks out the battle between David and Goliath, but does not give an up-close geographical view of the location. For an up-close view, consult Regional Map 1-11. These Regional Maps will be used extensively in Israel study programs. There is also no commentary for Sections 11 & 12, Jerusalem and Modern History. Numbering System Boxed numbers on the maps are keyed to paragraph numbers in the commentary. Where to Begin? After viewing YouTube commentaries on the website above, begin reading the commentary in the Satellite Bible Atlas for Map 1-17, Archaeology. Then come back to The Land and the Bible and begin reading the commentary for Map 2-1, Origin of the Patriarchs. "Go and walk through the land and describe it." Joshua 18:8 Map 2-1 Origins of the Patriarchs Date: c. 2100-1950 BC The Bible is a record of the Divine touching the mundane, of the transcendent God’s involvement with man’s world. The Bible is a record of events that happened to real people at real places on our real earth. Unlike other religious writings which focus on theological platitudes and instructions, the Bible is in the main a record of historical events that can be marked on a map. The Bible makes hundreds, even thousands of references to geographical locations. The geographical detail in Scripture is itself evidence that the recorded event involved real people at real places. The biblical narrative is insistent that the events described happened on our real earth – the very earth that today NASA can take photos of from outer space. The God of the Bible is known by His association with a particular real people (Jews) and real geographical places. Ultimately it is through this real people (Jesus was a Jew) and at a real place (Jerusalem) where God broke the power of sin and death for mankind – the definitive involvement of the Divine with the mundane.