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Survival and Initial Growth Attributes of Improved and Unimproved Cherrybark Oak in South Arkansas
SURVIVAL AND INITIAL GROWTH ATTRIBUTES OF IMPROVED AND UNIMPROVED CHERRYBARK OAK IN SOUTH ARKANSAS Joshua P. Adams, David Graves, Matthew H. Pelkki, Chris Stuhlinger, and Jon Barry1 Abstract--Thousands of acres are planted every year with genetically improved seedlings; but while pine continues to be extensively explored, the same is not true for hardwoods due to costs and rotation length. An improved cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seed orchard exists in North Little Rock, AR, providing an opportunity to evaluate hardwood improvement. However, the cost and limited testing of these seedlings have been large limiting factors in their deployment. In February 2012, improved and woods-run seedlings were hand-planted at two sites in southern Arkansas including a site near Hope, AR, and one near Monticello, AR. The sites were treated with 2 ounces per acre of Oust XP® 2 weeks after tree planting with manual control of sumac (Rhus spp.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) shortly thereafter. A random sample of seedlings at the nursery confirmed that seedling undercutting effectively controlled root length which was statistically the same for both groups at 21.8 inches. However, root collar diameter of an improved seedling was on average 27 percent larger than an unimproved seedling. These trends were similar to those among planted seedlings in which improved seedlings were 9 percent and 8 percent greater in regards to ground line diameter and height, respectively. However, improved seedlings exhibited greater initial mortality, by 6.2 percent, in the first few months of their growing season. While initial mortality is often considered random, disparity between the two groups points to other causes, such as the larger root sizes, which may pose planting problems. -
Trees, Shrubs and Vines of Huntley Meadows Park
I 0 _Blueberry, Highbush----Vaccinium corymbosum Hickory, Sweet Pignut Catya ova/is (Walnut (Heath family) family) Box Elder (Ashleaf Maple) Acer negunda Holly, American----//ex opaca (Holly family) TREES, SHRUBS AND (Maple family) Honeysuckle, Bella----Lonicera be/la (Honeysuckle Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis (Madder family) VINES OF HUNTLEY family) Honeysuckle, Japanese Lonicera japonica Cedar, Red----Juruperus virginiana (Pine family) (Honeysuckle family) MEADOWS PARK Cherry, Black----Prunus serotina (Rose family) Honeysuckle, Morrow----Lonicera Morrowii Cherry, Choke Prunus virginiana (Rose family) (Honeysuckle family) Huntley Meadows Park contains over 1,400 acres of Chokeberry, Purple---Pyrus floribunda (Rose Huckleberry, Black Gaylussacia baccata (Heath diverse habitat including meadows, wetlands and family) family) forests. Chokeberry, Red----Pyrus, arbutifolia (Rose Ironwood (American Hornbeam)----Carpinus This checklist is based on the observations of both family) caroliniana (Birch family) paid and volunteer staff. Special thanks to Karen Dangleberry----Gaylusaccia frondosa (Heath _Juneberry (Shadbush, Serviceberry)---- Goodlatte and Janet Meisenhelder. family) Almelanchier arborea (Rose family) Deerberry--- Vaccinium stamineum (Heath family) Lilac---Syringa vulgaris (Olive family) Alder, Smooth Alnus serrulata (Birch family) Dewberry, Prickly---Rubrus jlagellaris (Rose Locust, Black Robinia pseudo-acacia (Legume _Apple, Domestic Pyrus malus (Rose family) family) family) Arrowwood-- Viburnum dentatum (Honeysuckle Dogwood, -
Black-Gum Ridgetop Forest This Community Type Occurs on Fairly Dry Ridgetops
Black-gum ridgetop forest This community type occurs on fairly dry ridgetops. The canopy may be somewhat open; tree growth is somewhat suppressed. These ridgetops may have been exposed to repeated fires. Nyssa sylvatica is the dominant species; Betula lenta (sweet birch), Sassafras albidum (sassafras), Acer rubrum (red maple), Quercus montana (chestnut oak), Q. velutina (black oak), and Q. rubra (red oak) are often present. The shrub layer is dominantly ericaceous; common species include Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel), Gaylussacia baccata (black huckleberry), Vaccinium spp. (blueberry), and Hamamelis virginiana (witch- hazel). The herbaceous layer is generally sparse. Common constituents include Carex pensylvanica (Pennsylvania sedge), Carex communis (a sedge), Epigaea repens (trailing arbutus), Gaultheria procumbens (teaberry), Aralia nudicaulis (wild sarsaparilla), and Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern). Related types: This type is fairly uniform in composition and is restricted to ridgetops and high shoulders. The "Birch (black-gum) rocky slope woodland" occurs on talus or scree slopes and boulderfields, has an open canopy, and has a wide range of possible associates depending on aspect and location. Range: Ridge and Valley. Selected references: Daniel Devlin—personal communication. [Crosswalk: none.] Vascular plant nomenclature follows Rhoads and Klein (1993). Bryophyte nomenclature follows Crum and Anderson (1981). Species not native to Pennsylvania are indicated by a superscript "I." The aggressive species Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary-grass) and Phragmites australis (common reed) are marked with a superscript "(I)", as their native status is unclear. Pennsylvania species of special concern are indicated by a superscript "S." . -
Genetic Improvement and Root Pruning Effects on Cherrybark Oak (Quercus Pagoda L.) Seedling Growth and Survival in Southern Arkansas Joshua P
Genetic Improvement and Root Pruning Effects on Cherrybark Oak (Quercus Pagoda L.) Seedling Growth and Survival in Southern Arkansas Joshua P. Adams, Nicholas Mustoe, Don C. Bragg, Matthew H. Pelkki, and Victor L. Ford Associate Professor, School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA; Forester, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Fishlake National Forest, Richfield, UT; Research Forester and Project Leader, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Monticello, AR; Professor and Associate Director, Arkansas Forest Resources Center, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR; Director and Professor, Southwest Research and Extension Center, University of Arkansas Research and Extension, Little Rock, AR Abstract (Wharton et al. 1982). Among hardwoods, red oaks (Quercus subgroup Erythrobalanus) are ecologically Cherrybark oak is a highly desirable hardwood and economically valuable. Despite the high desir- species across the Southeastern United States. Sil- ability of red oaks, natural regeneration failures in vicultural techniques for establishment have been stands historically dominated by these oaks has been carefully studied, but advances in tree improvement well documented (Clatterbuck and Meadows 1992, have yet to be realized. Cherrybark oak seedlings of Hodges and Janzen 1987, Lorimer 1989, Oliver et al. genetically improved and unimproved stock were 2005). The lack of natural oak regeneration on many tested in field plantings in southern Arkansas and in sites has resulted in some landowners planting oaks a controlled pot study for root pruning effects. After to ensure this taxa remains viable for future genera- 2 years, initial growth advantages of improved stock tions, provides wildlife habitat, conserves the natu- were no longer present; however, improved stock ral environment, and produces high-value products averaged 19 percent higher survival compared with (Michler et al. -
Checklist of Illinois Native Trees
Technical Forestry Bulletin · NRES-102 Checklist of Illinois Native Trees Jay C. Hayek, Extension Forestry Specialist Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences Updated May 2019 This Technical Forestry Bulletin serves as a checklist of Tree species prevalence (Table 2), or commonness, and Illinois native trees, both angiosperms (hardwoods) and gym- county distribution generally follows Iverson et al. (1989) and nosperms (conifers). Nearly every species listed in the fol- Mohlenbrock (2002). Additional sources of data with respect lowing tables† attains tree-sized stature, which is generally to species prevalence and county distribution include Mohlen- defined as having a(i) single stem with a trunk diameter brock and Ladd (1978), INHS (2011), and USDA’s The Plant Da- greater than or equal to 3 inches, measured at 4.5 feet above tabase (2012). ground level, (ii) well-defined crown of foliage, and(iii) total vertical height greater than or equal to 13 feet (Little 1979). Table 2. Species prevalence (Source: Iverson et al. 1989). Based on currently accepted nomenclature and excluding most minor varieties and all nothospecies, or hybrids, there Common — widely distributed with high abundance. are approximately 184± known native trees and tree-sized Occasional — common in localized patches. shrubs found in Illinois (Table 1). Uncommon — localized distribution or sparse. Rare — rarely found and sparse. Nomenclature used throughout this bulletin follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System —the ITIS data- Basic highlights of this tree checklist include the listing of 29 base utilizes real-time access to the most current and accept- native hawthorns (Crataegus), 21 native oaks (Quercus), 11 ed taxonomy based on scientific consensus. -
Designing Hardwood Tree Plantings for Wildlife Brian J
FNR-213 Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center North Central Research Station USDA Forest Service Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University Designing Hardwood Tree Plantings for Wildlife Brian J. MacGowan, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University Woody plants can be of value to many wildlife species. The species of tree or shrub, or the location, size, and shape of planting can all have an impact on wildlife. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the benefits of trees and shrubs for wildlife and how to design tree and shrub plantings for wildlife. Some of the practices may conflict with other management goals and may have to be modified for individual priorities. Trees and Shrubs for Wildlife The species you select for a tree planting should depend on the growing conditions of the site and the wildlife species that you want to manage. Talk to a professional forester to help you select the tree species best suited for your growing conditions. A professional biologist, such as a Department of Natural Resources District Biologist (www.in.gov/ food source for wildlife (Table 2). Shrubs can be dnr/fishwild/huntguide1/wbiolo.htm), can assist you particularly important because several species of with planning a tree planting for wildlife. wildlife, especially songbirds, prefer to feed or nest There is no specific formula for developing wild- on or near the ground. Shrubs also provide good life habitat. For example, acorns are eaten by a wide protective cover for these types of wildlife. Pines variety of wildlife species including tree squirrels, and other softwoods provide limited food, but are an pheasants, wild turkey, and deer. -
Diversity of Wisconsin Rosids
Diversity of Wisconsin Rosids . oaks, birches, evening primroses . a major group of the woody plants (trees/shrubs) present at your sites The Wind Pollinated Trees • Alternate leaved tree families • Wind pollinated with ament/catkin inflorescences • Nut fruits = 1 seeded, unilocular, indehiscent (example - acorn) *Juglandaceae - walnut family Well known family containing walnuts, hickories, and pecans Only 7 genera and ca. 50 species worldwide, with only 2 genera and 4 species in Wisconsin Carya ovata Juglans cinera shagbark hickory Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Leaves pinnately compound, alternate (walnuts have smallest leaflets at tip) Leaves often aromatic from resinous peltate glands; allelopathic to other plants Carya ovata Juglans cinera shagbark hickory Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family The chambered pith in center of young stems in Juglans (walnuts) separates it from un- chambered pith in Carya (hickories) Juglans regia English walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Trees are monoecious Wind pollinated Female flower Male inflorescence Juglans nigra Black walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Male flowers apetalous and arranged in pendulous (drooping) catkins or aments on last year’s woody growth Calyx small; each flower with a bract CA 3-6 CO 0 A 3-∞ G 0 Juglans cinera Butternut, white walnut *Juglandaceae - walnut family Female flowers apetalous and terminal Calyx cup-shaped and persistant; 2 stigma feathery; bracted CA (4) CO 0 A 0 G (2-3) Juglans cinera Juglans nigra Butternut, white -
Key to Leaves of Eastern Native Oaks
FHTET-2003-01 January 2003 Front Cover: Clockwise from top left: white oak (Q. alba) acorns; willow oak (Q. phellos) leaves and acorns; Georgia oak (Q. georgiana) leaf; chinkapin oak (Q. muehlenbergii) acorns; scarlet oak (Q. coccinea) leaf; Texas live oak (Q. fusiformis) acorns; runner oak (Q. pumila) leaves and acorns; background bur oak (Q. macrocarpa) bark. (Design, D. Binion) Back Cover: Swamp chestnut oak (Q. michauxii) leaves and acorns. (Design, D. Binion) FOREST HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ENTERPRISE TEAM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Oak Identification Field Guide to Native Oak Species of Eastern North America John Stein and Denise Binion Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team USDA Forest Service 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505 Robert Acciavatti Forest Health Protection Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry USDA Forest Service 180 Canfield St., Morgantown, WV 26505 United States Forest FHTET-2003-01 Department of Service January 2003 Agriculture NORTH AMERICA 100th Meridian ii iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to thank all those who helped with this publication. We are grateful for permission to use the drawings illustrated by John K. Myers, Flagstaff, AZ, published in the Flora of North America, North of Mexico, vol. 3 (Jensen 1997). We thank Drs. Cynthia Huebner and Jim Colbert, U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Disturbance Ecology and Management of Oak-Dominated Forests, Morgantown, WV; Dr. Martin MacKenzie, U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection, Morgantown, WV; Dr. Steven L. Stephenson, Department of Biology, Fairmont State College, Fairmont, WV; Dr. Donna Ford-Werntz, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV; Dr. -
Winter Tree Identification Pocket Guide
Pocket Reference for Winter Tree Identification If found please send to P.O. Box 1040, Mahomet, IL 61853 or drop off at any of the Champaign County Forest Preserves. Characteristics To Look For In Winter ID • Bud arrangement - opposite (M.A.D. Horse Bucks) Maples Ashes Dogwoods Horse Chestnuts Buckeyes - alternate (Others) - whorled (Catalpa sp.) • Shape and color of buds • Shape and color of leaf scars • Color and structure of tree bark General Notes • Species with opposite arrangements are near the front of the reference, while species with alternate and whorled arrangements are near the back. • Each species has the common name, genus and species, as well as the family name listed. Genus and species names are in italics and the family names all end in “AE.” • A species marked with a denotes a species that we would like to have a location reported, so we can collect seed when the time is right. Lastly, this is by no means a complete guide to native trees in Illinois. It is simply a compilation of common trees that could be encountered during a hike in the woods. More trees will be added to this reference in the future so that a more complete guide can be generated Thank You and Enjoy! Maple Aceraceae Acer sp. Box Elder Acer negundo Distinguishing features • Buds are opposite. • Twig color is red. • White hairs are present on buds, creating a white “frost” on twig. Maple Aceraceae Acer sp. Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Distinguishing features • Buds are opposite and pointed. • Bud color is dark brown or shades of red. -
New York State Stormwater Managment Design Manual
Appendix H: Landscaping Guidance/Plant Lists H.1 Ponds and Wetlands For areas that are to be planted within a stormwater pond, it is necessary to determine what type of hydrologic zones will be created within the pond. The following six zones describe the different conditions encountered in stormwater management facilities. Every facility does not necessarily reflect all of these zones. The hydrologic zones designate the degree of tolerance the plant exhibits to differing degrees of inundation by water. Table H.5 at the end of this appendix designates appropriate zones for each plant. There may be other zones listed outside of these brackets. The plant materials may occur within these zones, but are not typically found in them. Plants suited for specific hydrologic conditions may perish when those conditions change, exposing the soil, and therefore, increasing the chance for erosion. Each zone has its own set of plant selection criteria based on the hydrology of the zone, the stormwater functions required of the plant and the desired landscape effect. The hydrologic zones are as follows: Table H.1 Hydrologic Zones Zone # Zone Description Hydrologic Conditions Zone 1 Deep Water Pool 1-6 feet deep Permanent Pool Zone 2 Shallow Water Bench 6 inches to 1 foot deep Zone 3 Shoreline Fringe Regularly inundated Zone 4 Riparian Fringe Periodically inundated Zone 5 Floodplain Terrace Infrequently inundated Zone 6 Upland Slopes Seldom or never inundated Zone 1: Deep Water Area (1- 6 Feet) Ponds and wetlands both have deep pool areas that comprise Zone 1. These pools range from one to six feet in depth, and are best colonized by submergent plants, if at all. -
Wolf River Greenway Level 1 Arboretum
Wolf River Greenway Level 1 Arboretum Map Created by: W. Ryan Hall, Wolf River Conservancy d & R Shelby County 4-H ve August, 2014 _ ro G t u n al W 19 18 W O 17 20 L 21 F 22 R I H V u m 24 23 E p 16 R h 25 r e 26 y s 27 B 28 lv d 29 15 30 31 14 33 32 13 12 11 9 8 7 6 5 34 4 H u m 35 p h re y s B 36 lv d 3 !i 2 ® 1 37 0 175 350 700 Feet 38 1 inch = 350 feet Wolf River Greenway Arboretum Number Common Name Scientific Name Family Name 1 Eastern Red Cedar Juniperus virginiana Cupressaceae - Cypress Family 2 Black Cherry Prunus serotina Rosaceae - Rose Family 3 Silver Maple Acer saccharinum Aceraceae - Maple Family 4 Green Ash Fraxinus pensylvanica Oleaceae - Olive Family 5 Sugarberry Celtis laevigata Ulmaceae - Elm Family 6 Sycamore Platanus occidentalis Platanaceae - Sycamore Family 7 Slippery Elm Ulmus rubra Ulmaceae - Elm Family 8 Boxelder Acer negundo Aceraceae - Maple Family 9 Baldcypress Taxodium distichum Taxodiaceae - Baldcypress Family 10 Flowering Dogwood Cornus florida Cornaceae - Dogwood Family 11 Yellow-poplar Liriodendron tulipifera Magnoliaceae - Magnolia Family 12 Common Pawpaw Asimina triloba Annonaceae - Custard-Apple Family 13 River Birch Betula nigra Betulaceae - Birch Family 14 Red Mulberry Morus rubra Moraceae - Mulberry Family 15 Devils Walking Stick Aralia spinosa Araliaceae - Ivy Family 16 Black Tupelo Nyssa sylvatica Nyssaceae - Tupelo Family 17 American Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Hamamelidaceae - Witchhazel Family 18 Black Locust Robinia pseudoacacia Fabaceae - Legume Family 19 Japanese Zelkova Zelkova serrata -
Native Plant List Trees.XLS
Lower Makefield Township Native Plant List* TREES LIGHT MOISTURE TYPE BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME STREET SUN PART SHADE DRY MOIST WET TREE SHADE EVERGREEN Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic White Cedar x x x x IIex opaca American Holly x x x x Juniperus virginiana Eastern Red Cedar x x x Picea glauca White Spruce x x x Picea pungens Blue Spruce x x x Pinus echinata Shortleaf Pine x x x Pinus resinosa Red Pine x x x Pinus rigida Pitch Pine x x Pinus strobus White Pine x x x Pinus virginiana Virginia Pine x x x Thuja occidentalis Eastern Arborvitae x x x x Tsuga canadensis Eastern Hemlock xx x DECIDUOUS Acer rubrum Red Maple x x x x x x Acer saccharinum Silver Maple x x x x Acer saccharum Sugar Maple x x x x Asimina triloba Paw-Paw x x Betula lenta Sweet Birch x x x x Betula nigra River Birch x x x x Betula populifolia Gray Birch x x x x x Carpinus caroliniana American Hornbeam x x x (C. tomentosa) Carya alba Mockernut Hickory x x x x Carya cordiformis Bitternut Hickory x x x Carya glabra Pignut Hickory x x x x x Carya ovata Shagbark Hickory x x Castanea pumila Allegheny Chinkapin xx x Celtis occidentalis Hackberry x x x x x x Crataegus crus-galli Cockspur Hawthorn x x x x Crataegus viridis Green Hawthorn x x x x Diospyros virginiana Common Persimmon x x x x Fagus grandifolia American Beech x x x x PAGE 1 Exhibit 1 TREES (cont'd) LIGHT MOISTURE TYPE BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME STREET SUN PART SHADE DRY MOIST WET TREE SHADE DECIDUOUS (cont'd) Fraxinus americana White Ash x x x x Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green Ash x x x x x Gleditsia triacanthos v.