THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA san One Dollar Twenty-Five DECEMBER • 1971 lbu want more than talk whenyouask for a car loan. AtC&SBank you get action.•

Talking about that car you've had your eye on will get you nowhere fast. Come to C&S and turn talk into action with an action car loan. We'll explain how a low cost C&S loan can save you money. Arrange your C&S loan in advance, and be ready to bargain with more than just talk when that salesman names his deal. Talk is cheap. See C&S, where action speaks louder.

the action bank THE CITIZENS AND SOUTHERN NATIONAL BANK OF SOUTH CAROLINA Member F.D.I.C. Anderson • Camden • Charleston • Columbia • Conway • Darlington • Florence • Gaffney Greenville • Greer • Inman · Myrtle Beach • Orangeburg • Rock Hill · Spartanburg • Sumter

THE MAGAZINE ~- mm.i~

~© 1971 <£&@ Box 239-WW,Lynchburg, Tenn. 37352 sandl apper. Jack Daniel's Sippin' Lamp I have some of these solid brass tamps that look just like the one Mr. Jack used on his old roll-top desk. It'll took real good in the kitchen or on the back porch. The globe keeps the wick lit even in a hard wind. And the reflector in back helps you see better. These line lamps with Jack Daniel's in black and READERS' COMMENTS 4 gold sell for $12. Please add $1.00 for postage and handling. NEXT MONTH 6 AIKEN COUNTY KAOLIN 9 Vivian Milner WATERCOLORIST GIL PETROFF 13 Gary C. Dickey WHO SAYS IRISH SE'ITERS CAN'T HUNT? 16 C.W. Kilbey MOBILE DRAMA FOR A MOBILE SOCIETY 20 Barrington King PANSIES 24 Albert P. Hout WILLIAMSTON SPRING PARK 26 Jo Ann R. Wigington SWEET TEMPTA TIO NS 30 Nancy Carter Raggedy Ann DECEMBER WEATHER 34 H. Landers and Andy Dolls I'll tell you, kids really get attached to these CAROLING FOR A CAUSE 35 LuBrown dolts. So they need to be well made. That's why nobody else but the Lynchburg ladies THORNTREE OF WILLIAMSBURGH TOWNSHIP 41 William Seale make them around here. Each doll is dressed in a pretty costume and they 're real cute and PLEAS, PAINT AND PERSPIRATION 46 Tom Hamrick loveable. Our ladies would be happy to hand ­ make a Raggedy Ann or Andy to fill your SOUTH CAROLINA HISTORY ILLUSTRATED order. They're $7 each. Please add 50¢ for LUCK OF THE FLY 49 Peter H. Wood postage and handling.~ • SANDLAPPER BOOKSHELF 58 Send check, ~oney ord~ Bank Americard or Master Charge, CHRISTMAS TREES: including !f! numbers and signature. (Tennessee residents add 3% sales tax). TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY 60 Rosalie S. Spaniel For a catalog full of old Tennessee items, EVENTS 64 ~ send 25¢ to above address. ~ P ALME'ITO QUIZ 66 A SELECTIVE GUIDE TO THE MOVIES 67 Dan Rottenberg SANDLAPPER BOOKSTORE 72 DIALECT COUNTRY: STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGE­ WHERE THE FLAVOR STILL IS 76 Nancy Chirich MENT AND Cl RCULATION (Act of August INTERESTING, UNUSUAL 12, 1970: Section 3685, Title 39. United States Code), filed Sept. 29, 1971. ITEMS AND SER VICES 79 The title of this publication is SAND­ LAPPER. It is issued 10 times a year (each month except June and August). The general business and editorial offices are located on High­ way 378, West Columbia, S.C. The publisher is Robert Pearce Wilkins, 1340 Bull Street, PUBLISHER Robert Pearce Wilkins Columbia, S.C. The owner is Sandtapper Press, EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Delmar L. Roberts Inc., Highway 378, West Columbia, S.C. Stock­ holders owning 1 percent or more of the capital EVENTS EDITOR Nancy V. Ashmore stock of Sandlapper Press, Inc., are Robert P. ART DIRECTOR Michael F. Schumpert Wilkins, Lexington, S.C.; Dan K. Dukes Jr., ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVES Lewis Hay, Beth Carroll Columbia, S.C.; Delmar L . Roberts, Columbia, CIRCULATION MANAGER Rose T. Wilkins S.C.; M.C. Wallace, Florence, S.C.; Anne P. Wal­ lace, Florence, S.C.; Edward T. O'Cain, Colum­ CIRCULATION ASSIST ANTS Harry D. Hull, Kathryn F. Little bia, S.C.; Dufinco, Columbia, S.C. There are no STAFF ASSIST ANT Lewis Hay bond holders, mortgagees, or other security holders. The average number of copies printed SANDLAPPER is published by Sandlapper Press, Inc., Robert Pearce Wilkins, president; Delmar per issue during the preceding 12 months was L. Roberts, vice president editorial; Rose T. Wilkins, vice president and secretary. 24,000; for September 24,300. The average number of sates of copies to subscribers during SANDLAPPER-THE MAGAZINE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, December 1971, Volume 4, Number the past 12 months was 19,684; for September, 10. Published monthly except for the combined May-June and July-August issues, making a total of 19,634. The average sates of copies to other 10 issues annually. Editorial and administrative offices are located on U.S. 378, West Columbia. than subscribers during the past 12 months was 3,500; for September, 3,862. The average num­ A downtown office is located in the Arcade Mall, Main Street, Columbia. S.C. MAILING AD­ ber of sample or free copies distributed per DRESS: All correspondence and manuscripts should be addressed to P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, issue during the preceding 12 months was 200; S.C. 29202. Return postage must accompany all manuscripts, drawings and photographs submitted for September, 411. The average number of if they are to be returned. Query before submitting material. No responsibility assumed for un­ copies distributed for each issue during the pre­ solicited materials. Second-class postage paid at Columbia, S.C. Subscription rates: $9 a year in the ceding 12 months by all means was 23,384; for United States and possessions; foreign countries, $12. Add 4% sales tax for South Carolina sub­ September, 23,907. I certify that the state­ scriptions. Copyright © 1971 by Sandlapper Press, Inc. Sandlapper is a registered trademark. All ments made by me above are correct and com­ rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission. plete. Robert Pearce Wilkins, publisher.

Cover: Thorntree House, Kingstree. Associated Creative Talents.

December 1971 3 READERS' Jack COMMENTS Sandlapper welcomes letters to the editor on matters of general in­ Rabbit terest. We ask that the letters be held to 150 words or less. Excerpts from this month's letters are pre­ Company ... sented below. A Carolina Institution The October issue carries an in­ teresting article about Deveaux Bank by Les Dane. I was particu­ larly interested in this because one We have been processing film since 1920 for of my grandfathers, many times re­ people all across the U.S.A. Why not send us moved, was Andre DeVeaux. He your film today for the finest quality prints, mov­ was a French Huguenot and was ies and slides at the lowest prices. For complete probably in South Carolina as early as 1700. Now Andre Deveaux was price list and free mailing i -~ '" French but had left France because envelope, write to: ~ ._ _· ~,:;>.::· of the religious situation, as did ~ - ' ··:.--,i_. many Frenchmen. His son and grandson lived under the British Jthe Bahamas for the British, I would have to think this might be an explanation. Or possibly the area was named for one of his ancestors who discovered it and lived in or near Beaufort. Elinor T. Richardson (Mrs. George B. Richardson) Florence, South Carolina

4 Sand lap per The article "Audubon-Bachman with Charles E. Thomas' story on Association" by Charles E. Thomas the Johns A and B (Audubon and ,------, is very much up to your usual high Bachman) in the September Sand­ I I standards. It is very important for lapper. Your full-page color repro­ items of this kind to get into print duction of the John Syme's portrait I We are here I and to become available to libraries of Audubon was of special interest and through them to scholars. The at this time. 1 tohelp I portrait of Audubon was not identi­ You know that there was a rash fied and since it does not appear in of critical calls made to the White I your child learn. I recent Audubon biographies or re­ House just last February when it prints of the Birds or Quadrupeds, was announced in the Washington I Is your child capable of better I perhaps your readers would like to papers that the painting of the I work in school? He probably is. So I know whence it came. naturalist holding a rifle would be I let us help him. I The portrait of the famous removed from the Green Room Learning Foundations offers no painter-naturalist John James when the official portrait of Presi­ I miracle cures or overnight success I Audubon, only rarely reproduced dent John F. Kennedy is perma­ I stories, only proven results by ac- I before, was done by the Scot John nently hung there. I cepted educational procedures. Call I Syme. Herrick, in his definitive Originally the Audubon portrait I or drop by today. I biography of Audubon, says the was to have remained in the Green portrait was painted in Edinburgh Room, with the Kennedy portrait I Mrs. R. Hoke Robinson, Director I in 1826 when the subject was look­ hanging below it. Painted by New I Suite 206, 26ll Forest Drive I ing for a printer of his Birds in York artist, Aaron Shikler, the Ken­ Columiiia, S.C. America. The portrait was lost for nedy portrait would have replaced a I so3-2s4-l 4 n I many years and Herrick could find Monet landscape given to the White I Leaming I no trace of it. Apparently it passed House by the Kennedy family in unidentified from one private col­ memory of the President, who was I Foundations I lection to another to turn up at an slain by rifle fire. I We make it easier to learn. I auction at Sotheby's in 1959, the The White House later said that .. ______.. artist listed as "unknown" but be­ both the Monet and the Audubon lieved to be by one of Audubon's portrait will be moved to another sons. New York's Knoedler Gal­ room to make way for the Kennedy leries acquired the Scottish painting portrait, which is larger than either. and did the research leading to the "It would not have been in balance A CHRISTMAS TRADITION! discovery of Syme as the painter. It anyway" to leave the Audubon THE PERFECT GIFT was then acquired by Mrs. John F. work in place, a spokesman said. Kennedy for the White House at The White House received nu­ COLLECTORS OF FOR THE WORKS OF the time of her redecoration of the merous calls of consternation after { THE LATE Executive Mansion, because "it is a photographs were published show­ EUGENE B. SLOAN fine portrait." ing the Audubon painting with SCENIC SOUTH CAROLINA Rare previous reproductions in­ Monet's "Morning on the Senie" on $7.00 (Plus 4o/o S.C. sales tax and 504 clude a full page in color in Historic the Green Room wall where Ken­ mailing, handling). Guide to the White House (1963) nedy's portrait will hang. Second Edition, Revised 1971. Classic ; and in folios presenting his first This long-lost portrait of Audu­ only statewide contemporary and his­ edition edition of the Birds in bon now hangs in another room at torical work on South Carolina. Delight­ fully written text. 338 b&w photos; 236 America. Incidentally, your print­ the White House, and President pp. text, photos indexed. ing job is every bit as good as the Kennedy's portrait hangs in the former. Green Room. 3 LITHOGRAPHS, FULL COLOR Congratulations on your fine $10.00 each (Plus 4o/o S.C. sales tax and $1 mailing, handling). work and your astute selection of The Rev. Frank V.D. Fortune, Limited, numbered editions. 24" x 30". material. Rector Ready for framing. St. Theodore of Canterbury Epis­ 1. The Eastern Brown Pelicans and the Arthur Ben Chitty copal Church American Royal Tern The University of the South Seal Beach, California 2. Riding to the Hounds Sewanee, Tennessee 3. Shrimp Boats at Hilton Head Island LEWIS-SLOAN PUBLISHING CO . I am delighted with my uncle 215 S. Harden St. As a longtime bird watcher, who Charles E. Thomas' story on the Columbia, S.C. 29205 has always been interested in the Audubon-Bachman association in Ph. (803) 252-4841 quadrupeds, as well, I was delighted the current September issue of

December 1971 5 Sandlapper, each issue of which I anxiously await and read from cover to cover. NEXT MONTH IN There was only one disappoint­ ment, and that was that no picture of a quadruped was used. The por­ SAND LAPP ER traits of Messrs. Audubon and Bachman were splendid, and Bach­ man's Warbler a beauty. However, it was Dr. Bachman's assistance on the animals that was outstanding in his association with the Audubons, father and sons. THE GREAT WAGON ROAD I grew up with one of the ele­ By Parke Rouse Jr. phant folio prints of the Red-Tailed Squirrel in my grandfather's dining room at Ridgeway. That was my first recollection of wildlife and later of Audubon and eventually of the Bachman association. This big print now hangs in my mother's breakfast room in Greenville, and in the course of human events will eventually be in one of my daughters' homes. Audubon bird and Audubon-Bachman quadruped WOODWORKING IS A HOBBY prints are part of our heritage. FOR W. PARKER BOWIE By Beth Ann Klosky John E. Jones Raleigh, North Carolina

My September Sandlapper has come and I am just charmed with Charles E. Thomas' article on John Bachman and John Audubon. It is filled with much interest and sympathy for me since I am one of A PRACTICING HYPNO-TECHNICIAN the great-granddaughters of John By Jackie Odom Bachman. Some years ago on a visit to Cousin Florence Audubon I was ad­ THE SECRET SIDE OF CHARLESTON miring a handsome ring. She told By Nike Middleton me the story of it and that Audu­ bon always wore it. When he [Audubon] landed in Liverpool on one of his visits to England, he carried many letters of introduction. One was to Mr. and Mrs. William Rathbone. They be­ came great friends and it was for CALENDAR OF EVENTS PRIVATE SCHOOL CONSULTANTS • Art • Theatre • Tours Since 1953 we have helped parents in selecting the right Private School. Telephone • Music • Sports • Fairs or write in detail : Private School Placement • Lectures • Dance • Horse Shows Center, Box 862, Atlanta, Georgia 30301 Telephone (404)292-0902. No cost to you at any time for our service.

6 Sand lap per Mrs. Rathbone he made the dimin­ utive sketch of his wild turkey. When he left Mrs. Rathbone pre­ sented him with a handsome gold You can tell a store mounted seal inscribed with his wild turkey and his favorite motto, by the company it keeps. "America-My Country." Many years have passed but one of his Oxxford * Louis Roth * Botany "500" * Norman Hilton great-grandsons wears it still. Hart, Shaffner & Marx * Hickey-Freeman * After Six * Daks London Fog * Harbor Master * Sansabelt * Hathaway Laura Porcher White (Mrs. Richard G. White) Manhattan * Christian Dior * Cricketeer * Jantzen Charleston, South Carolina Bostonian * Johnston-Murphy * Ventura * Kimberly Jerry Silverman * John Meyer * David Crystal * Gino Paoli Gordon of Philadelphia * Colet * Misty Harbor Dr. Deckerd Guess of Greenville, Eve Stillman * Odette Barsa * Flobert * Sara Mae South Carolina, was sufficiently in­ Napier * Les Bernard * Abe Schrader terested in your July-August article on "Gunter, Gaston, and the Grave­ Suits .... .to 425.00 yard" to follow through on Dr. Sport Coats .to 325.00 James McFadden Gaston's cre­ Top Coats .to 200.00 dentials as an accredited M.D. He wrote to the University of Pennsyl­ Tuxedos .to 265.00 vania for additional data. Hats .to 50.00 The University of Pennsylvania Shirts ... .to 30.00 apparently advised: Sport Shirts .to 55.00 1. Only one Gaston, a J. Brown Raincoats .to 80.00 Gaston, ever graduated from the Slacks .to 110.00 University of Pennsylvania Medical Shoes .to 95.00 School. Hose .to 4.95 2. A second letter stating that Ties . .to 20.00 James MacFadden Gaston was at Belts .to 45.00 the University for only one year- Sweaters .to 60.00 1844-1845. Lounging Robes . However, the second letter in­ .to 65.00 cluded a paragraph that stated, Pajamas .to 35.00 "Now that you have brought him Scarfs ...... to 12.00 to life, we are making up a folder Luggage .... .to 110.00 for him. What an interesting career Ladies' Blouses .to 32.00 he had even if he may have passed Ladies' Sweaters .to 35.00 himself off as an accredited M.D. Ladies' Skirts ...... to 40.00 which he was not!" Dr. [Guess] has Ladies' Coats .. .to 250.00 commented that he thinks this was, Ladies' Raincoats .to 75.00 "unnecessarily nasty!" Ladies' Slacks .. .to 30.00 Not only is it nasty, but I fear, Ladies' Costumes .to 250.00 my friends, this great University is Ladies' Dresses .to 180.00 sorely mistaken and scholarly way off base! Whatever has happened to Ladies' Jewelry .to 30.00 the University's ability at research? Could it be that they are a bunch of dullards? Even from Brazil with limited records and reference, I can BePbn'a substantiate the following: KING AT BROAD CHARLESTON 1. Dr. James MacFadden Gaston We're not for everybody. is written up in the Medical Asso­ (But then we don't try to be.) ciation Volume of Distinguished For shopping by appointment call 722-1665 Physicians. (Continued on page 66)

December 1971 7 ATTLEGROUND OF FREEDOM

" .' outhCarolina In The Rc,olution

:,.,\T ,,,.1 l S.\\\ fl]U,011:,. $20.00

THE PENDLETON LEGACY ~easonS@eetings ar lus:ra:ed hi •:ory o· trc d · ·· from all of us at Sandlapper. Since we have already introduced you to the books we have published this year, we would like this month only $12.50 to recommend four fine books from our list which we feel will make per­ fect gifts-and no gift can say as much as a good book.

$12.50

$3.95 Orders received by December 15 will be sent in time for Christmas. See order form insert with th is issue. T Id

PE• ,s Jor ;y Aiken County Kaolin By Vivian Milner

idden among Aiken's tall pines, "china clay" or, erroneously, Deposits of this high-grade kaolin five companies are busy mining, "chalk"-is an unsuspected part of are mined in South Carolina only in Hprocessing and shipping virtu­ countless things we use and wear. It Aiken County, along the fall line ally the world's entire supply of is probably in the rubber heels of which was once the shore of a pre­ hard kaolin for the rubber in­ your shoes, a coating on the flower historic sea. Sixty million years ago L dustry-a fact of which most South seeds you plant, the glaze on these sedimentary deposits were Carolinians are completely una­ your bathtub, the latex paint and washed down from the feldspathic ware. Nor do they realize that floor tiles in your kitchen, the rocks of the Piedmont plateau of Aiken County, and thus the Pal­ powder you dust the roses with, North and South Carolina and metto State, ranks second nation­ the tires on the truck which trans­ ally in the production of all types of ports your gasoline, the kaopec­ At Southeastern Clay Co.'s plant kaolin. tate you give the baby and the north of Aiken, crude kaolin is refined This fine white clay-often called filler on this page you are reading. and prepared for shipment worldwide.

December 1971 9 settled in the lagoons of the ancient ufacturing Co. near Bath, about 13 ocean. Of the deposits, the oldest miles southwest of Aiken, in 1856, is soft kaolin which is found at according to the late E.P. "Ted" about 300 feet above the present Henderson. "The founders of this sea level. Hard kaolin is from a later company were at first from Benning­ age and is found at around the 375- ton, Vt., but later Southern Inter­ to 450-foot level. Marine fossils re­ ests acquired this property and one moved from the crude clay are of the presidents was R.B. Bullock, proof that the seacoast extended to governor of Georgia," he has writ­ this area aeons ago. ten. "The treasurer and one of the Operations in Aiken County be­ large stock holders was Alexander gin northeast of Aiken along U.S. 1, Stephens, vice president of the then follow the deposits along the Southern Confederate States of irregular fall line and the highway, America ... , the locale was called southwest nearly to Augusta, Kaolin .... They made very credit- Georgia, in a strip 25 miles long and able fired ware ranging all the way 11 miles wide. More kaolin deposits from terra cotta drain pipe to ... are located on the continuing fall Richard McNamee founded Dixie tableware which had an exception­ line to near Macon, Georgia. Al­ Clay Co., the oldest company in ally good glaze. This plant was though kaolin is widely distributed the United States engaged in the mining wrecked during the Civil War and around the world, there are few and processing of bulk kaolin. never recovered and went out of large deposits of good quality clay business about 1877." conveniently situated for mining. Some pottery chips and marked The sedimentary clays of South a high degree with natural or ivory-colored bricks from the kilns ~arolina and Georgia furnish about synthetic rubber, is less tensile and have been recovered from the site 90 percent of the kaolin produced abrasion-resistant, produces a soft by officials of the Dixie Clay Co., in the United States. uncured compound and is used in as the works were located on what Kaolin is essentially the mineral more flexible rubber goods. It is is now the western edge of Dixie's kaolinite, a hydrated aluminum sili­ also utilized in the making of china, property. Dixie is the oldest com­ cate, and has a high degree of pur­ pottery, refractories, tile, brick, pany in the United States engaged ity because of its sedimentary evo­ fertilizer, ceramics, fiberglass and in the mining, processing and ship­ lution. It is composed of very fine paper. ping of bulk kaolin. The founder of particles, plastic when wet and per­ The clay we call kaolin was dis­ the first such firm was Richard manently hard when fired. "Clay" covered in China more than 30 cen­ McNamee. This farsighted origi­ refers to a physicial condition and turies ago and added luster to the nator of the American kaolin in­ not to chemical composition. fine porcelain china of ancient dustry was a wallpaper manufac­ Industry classifies kaolin by use. times. "Kaolin" is a derivative of turer in New York state before the The terms "hard" and "soft" kaolin Kao-ling (high ridge), where the Civil War. He heard there was val­ were given to the two types found first samples of the clay sent to Eu­ uable china and paper clay in South in Aiken County by the rubber in­ rope were gathered by a French Carolina and began to locate re­ dustry, which takes 7 5 percent of Jesuit missionary in China in the serves. The war intervened, but sev­ local production. Although both early 1700s. eral years after Appomattox Mc­ types are in chemistry and purity Kaolin deposits along the Namee began to acquire clay land almost identical, the hard clay is of Georgia-South Carolina fall line in Aiken County. a finer particle size and imparts were discovered in prerevolutionary "The earliest deed on record was stiffness, a high tensile strength and days. Clay was shipped from from James Coleman and wife to great abrasion resistance to rubber Georgia to the Wedgwood Potteries Richard McNamee dated Feb. 3, compounds. It is used as a filler and in England in considerable quantity 18 6 8, following which Mr. Mc­ reinforcing agent in rubber pro­ until the Revolutionary War and N amee acquired various other tracts ducts such as wire insulation, shock the discovery of fine residual clays of land adjoining and combined absorbers, tubing, shoe soles and in Cornwall combined to halt the them all into our present 2,000 acre heels. It is also used in cement, ad­ imports. property known as the McNamee hesives, paints, insecticides, news­ Earliest known mining and pro­ property of the Dixie Clay Com­ print and pharmaceuticals. cessing of kaolin in Aiken County pany," according to Henderson. "I Soft kaolin does not mix to such was by the Southern Porcelain Man- believe I am safe in saying that Mr.

10 Sand lap per McNamee was the first to ship kaolin in interstate com­ merce ... out of South Carolina." The firm continued under family control until late 1923, when it was merged with a company begun in the early 1890s and bought three years earlier by R.T. Vanderbilt Co., the present owner. Henderson's father joined Mc­ Namee shortly after the Civil War. Ted Henderson was born on the McNamee property in 1896 and, with the exception of brief inter­ ludes, was associated with the com­ pany until his retirement in 1964. At that time he was vice president and general manager and :was re­ placed by W. Terrell Wiggins Jr. J.M. Huber Corp. is the leading producer of air-floated kaolin in the United States and the largest and second-oldest company now operat­ ing in Aiken County. Huber became interested in the kaolin industry be­ cause of its role as a supplier of Above: A shovel drops crude kaolin into an earthmover at National Kaolin Pro­ rubber pigments, and in 1926 ac­ ducts' pit north of Aiken. Below: Quality and consistency of clay is carefully quired part interest in a small plant controlled by continuous laboratory testing at J.M. Huber Corp.'s plant at Langley. at Warrenville. Hans Huber bought out his partner and sent for his Cor­ nell classmate, Wilbur J. Driver, who took charge on Feb. 1, 1927. Driver installed a Raymond roller mill and rotary dryer which are still in use. Driver, who later became vice president and manager of the clay division of J.M. Huber, supervised its growth through acquisition of two of the oldest kaolin mines, dat­ ing from the late 1880s, and other property and construction of two modem plants. "I can remember when we tested the clay by mouth to see if it was smooth or gritty," recalls this veteran of the industry, who retired in 1961. He was suc­ ceeded by Charles H. Marvin Jr. Huber is a leader in the now­ advanced testing and research of kaolin. The corporation published a \ book, Kaolin Clays and Their In­ dustrial Uses, which contributed greatly to current knowledge of the ~ industry. Several years ago Huber

December 1971 11 bought 1,400 acres of virgin pine burden away. Power shovels "bite" it captured the bulk of the Ameri­ forest adjacent to an 1,171-acre the white kaolin and dump it into can market. Imports continue to public preserve, Hitchcock Woods, trucks, earthmovers or a tiny train decline (total in 1969 was 65,000 on the western side of Aiken, and for transportation to the plant. The tons) with the United Kingdom still gave the land to the Aiken Prepara- mild, dry climate makes mining the principal foreign supplier. Ex­ tory School. Although the com- easy. ports rose fivefold during the pany retained the mineral rights to Due to the essential purity of the 1960s, reaching 478,000 tons in a portion of the land, the gift has Aiken County clay, all of it can be 1969. Kaolin was sent to over 50 been a boon to nature lovers and refined by the dry or air flotation countries with Canada receiving horsemen of the area, as well as to method. First having been stored in about one-third of the total. The the school. huge sheds, the kaolin is moved to United States supplies about 15 Southeastern Clay Co. was begun the slicer and then in small lumps percent of the kaolin moving in in February 1927. Albert T. Mau- into giant rotary dryers using direct world trade. rice, a New York lawyer who had heat. (Kaolin has about 22 percent Kaolin production in Aiken spent the previous winter in Aiken, moisture content.) When partially County increased in 1969 to about liked the area and decided to stay dried, the clay is then fed into the a half million tons valued , at and go into the kaolin business. roller mills and separators. While $7,652,000. Fifteen years ago pro­ Southeastern continues a family- the mill rollers grind the clay to a duction was about 400,000 tons a owned operation, with stepbrothers fine powder, heat and upward cur­ year. Although demand and pro­ Thomas F . Maurice and William H. rents of air lift particles of desired duction have gained gradually, Winans in charge. fineness and moisture-less than some mining officials point out that N atiop.al Kaolin Products Co. one percent if specified-to collect­ there is plenty of excess capacity in was started in 1945, when S.G. ing bins. A rotary-blade separator the county industry, and mines Loeffler of Washington, D.C., its rejects the coarse particles and grit. could ship 50 percent more than president and a venture capitalist, About 98 percent of the clay can they do. also spent a winter in Aiken and be used. The supply of soft kaolin, the decided to invest in kaolin. Vice From the collecting bins the fin­ first discovered in Aiken County, is president and general manager is ished clay is conveyed to automatic diminishing, but there is plenty of Merle E. Davis, who left Huber in machines which fill multiwall paper hard kaolin-at least an 80-year 1948 to take charge of operations. bags of 50-pound capacity, or it is supply. Much of this kaolin-bearing United Sierra, a division of shipped in bulk in covered hopper land is already owned or leased. Cyprus Mines, is the youngest com- cars. Quality control is meticulous, It was reported a few months ago pany in the county. United Clay with frequent sample tests and con­ that United States' aluminum com­ Mines Corp. began it in 1952 and it stant weight checks. panies, now dependent upon im­ was bought by Cyprus about six Highly mechanized, the industry ported bauxite, would turn to years ago. Darrell L. Richardson is uses relatively few employees in its southern kaolin deposits for alu­ superintendent. operations. Working conditions and minum oxides necessary in the With minor variations, all five pay are good, and only Dixie is manufacture of their products. companies use the same mining and unionized. Back in 1942, the U;S. Bureau of refining operations. First the clay Even before the current concern Mines surveyed kaolin deposits in must be located in commercially with ecology and pollution, the in­ Aiken County and found that feasible quantities; then it must be dustry was backfilling pits and about half of the white clay ave­ mined, pulverized, dried and puri- planting grass and tree seedlings. rages over 35 percent alumina. This fied and then prepared for ship- Dust collectors have been installed may presage a shining future for ment. All companies prospect for and no longer does fine powdery local kaolin. Meanwhile, there's kaolin continually, using a core clay billow from the plants. always the steady demand for hard drilling machine and testing Until World War I, imported rubber clay to give the industry samples. The clay is usually found English clays dominated the Ameri­ bounce. from 10 to 100 feet below the sur- can market. As the domestic ir. face in strata from 10 to 50 feet dustry improved refining methods thick. Trees and brush are cleared and learned more about the charac­ Vivian Milner is a free-lance writer and huge machines strip the over- teristics and advantages of our clay, from Aiken.

12 Sandlap per -All photos by Richard Taylor

they would like to see them hang­ ing in their living rooms. Today, art is thought of more in terms of a monetary investment than in terms of aesthetic beauty, he said. Petroff jokingly added that he got his start painting because he was "too lazy to do anything but paint. I painted my way all through high school. I can still remember painting the sets for our high school play productions in order to be ex­ cused from attending algebra classes," he recalled. Petroff's participation in the WATERCOLORIST

world of art spans almost half a GIL PETROFF century. Born at Saranac Lake, New York, in 1913, he had no formal art training until he entered By Gary C. Dickey high school. "There were no formal art schools at that time like we have ome artists may object to work­ taken their places near the drawing today," he said. "The earliest art­ ing before an audience, but Gil­ board in a manner almost as busi­ work I can rem em her doing was Smer "Gil" Petroff, one of the nesslike as that of their master who trying to copy a -comic strip, the Palmetto State's foremost water­ was putting final touches on one of 'Tunnerville Trolley.' Later, when I colorists and architectural de­ many architectural sketches he is entered high school, I actually signers, is not one of them. called upon to do. learned more about art in history Interviewed recently in his com­ Petroff, who opens a three-week, class than in art class," he pointed bination woodworking shop and art one-man show at Sandlapper Gal­ out. "We had a history teacher who studio, Petroff, pointing to his lery on December 5, feels that art was many years ahead of her time. three German shepherds, remarked, has reached a highly commercial­ She turned everything about his­ "I almost always have an audience ized state. People these days are not tory into projects. I remember one when I work." The three dogs had buying paintings because they think of my projects was that of con-

December 1971 13 Museum of Art, Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego and the Greenville County Museum of Art. He will open another one-man show at Aiken in May. Among the many selected group exhibitions he has participated in

structing a replica of King Tut's Through the years, art has sarcophagus." opened many doors for Petroff, Although his father urged him to among them the door to marriage. study electrical engineering, Petroff He met his wife Peggy while they had made up his mind before he both were working as marine archi­ finished high school that he pre­ tects at a New York shipyard. They ferred the life of an artist. Upon now make their home in Columbia. Right: Petroff's watercolor technique graduation, he headed for Yale Uni­ Petroff has held a number of is noted for its boldness in color, versity and began a serious study of one-man exhibits, including those line and form. Waterside scenes art. at Columbia College, Columbia are among his best-known subjects.

14 Sand lap per are: the American Water Color So­ "I enjoyed teaching, but I guess painting, Petroff explained, "You ciety, Philadelphia Water Color So­ the older you get, the less patience have to paint the way you are. You ciety, Greenville Artists Guild, you have," he admitted. But, ac­ can't imitate. You can use another Guild of South Carolina Artists and cording to a fellow artist, Petroff is artist as an inspiration, but I don't the Columbia Artists Guild. "an inspirational type artist" who think it's good to copy." Every Public collections to which he can get students excited. "He has a artist develops his own distinctive has contributed include: The High warm and humanistic approach to way of painting, just as everyone Museum of Art, Atlanta; Gibbes art and life." develops his own style of handwrit­ Art Gallery, Charleston; O'Hara Assuredly, his treatment of inlet ing, he pointed out. Collection, Washington, D.C.; marshes, dockside shrimp boats, While a great deal of his time is South Carolina Arts Commission, mountain waterfalls and open now taken up with architectural Columbia. cotton fields has made Petroff a drawing, Petroff still finds time to Petroff is held in high esteem favorite among South Carolina col­ relax and indulge in his favorite among his peers as well as among lectors. hobby. At least twice a week he can his many former students. He Another Columbia artist sums up be found on the golf course. served as a professor at Clemson Petroff's watercolor technique in As one fellow artist laughingly University and has taught at the this way: "There's a sharpness jibed, "He's the only artist I know Richland Art School of the Colum­ about his work-bold in color, line who goes after golf seriously." bia Museum of Art. But recently he and form-they are terrific compo­ has withdrawn from teaching to sitions." Gary C. Dickey is a free-lance writer spend more time at his own work. As for his own theories about from Columbia.

December 1971 15 WHO SAYS IRISH SETTERS CAN'T HUNT?

By C.W. Kilbey

oe Hamilton wanted an old­ hounds and spaniels. would find birds now and then, but fashioned Irish setter-a dog that Another specialized dog is the his point was listless, his tail at a Jhad the breed's old-time hunting setter, of which there are three low flag. It was very evident that he instincts. To those not familiar with common types today: Gordon, was not intent on his work. the plight of the handsome red English and Irish. Setters were origi­ Then along came Joe Hamilton. dog, this might seem an easily sat­ nally trained to find birds, then to With the guidance and assistance of isfied desire, but Hamilton soon lie belly-flat on the ground while breeders and trainers of Irish setters found out different. There just pointing the game. The hunter ap­ in other areas of the country, he were not any serious hunters left proached and cast a net over the began working to realize his dream among Irish setter ranks. Plenty of dog and the covey or single bird of an Irish setter that would take an good pets were available, as were that had been, as it was called, interest in hunting. good show dogs, but a working "set" by the dog. Thus, the breed Hamilton comes from a family of setter was not to be found. became known as the "setter." bird hunters. It was his father's fa­ Man's first experiments with dog Even today, some bird hunting old­ vorite sport, and at least one good breeding were in an attempt to de­ timers use the word "set" instead pointer was always to be found at velop special traits or appearances. of "point" when talking of a their home. Since Joe was the only Through the centuries this selective setter's actions during the hunt. son, his father spent many hours breeding, together with natural pro­ When shotguns came into general teaching him how to handle dogs cesses, has developed the many use, the setter was no longer taught and horses and guns, and how to types of dogs throughout the to lie down. Instead, he was trained find and shoot quail. Hamilton world. The first dogs used for game to strike the classic pointing pose soon realized the value of a good bird hunting are said to have origi­ we know today. And the setter can bird dog, and his father's lessons on nated in Spain. From them came be trained, of course, to retrieve the care and training of dogs were the several breeds known today as both land birds and waterfowl. well learned. spaniels. The water spaniel was used Since the tum of the century, Joe Hamilton is a hard-working to retrieve ducks and other water­ the Irish setter, because of his sales executive with Star Fibres, fowl from lakes and streams. The friendly disposition and beautiful Inc., at the Edgefield plant. He had land spaniel was first used to find coloration, has been bred as a show for years devoted much of his spare and flush birds so that falcons dog and family pet. His hunting in­ time to training his own pointers could be launched in pursuit. stincts and capabilities were no and hunting quail and other game. Pointers, widely used today by longer emphasized. Thus, the typi­ He had also entered some of his bird hunters, were also developed cal Irish setter had deteriorated into pointers in field trials. long ago. It is believed that these an overgrown, cumbersome-but­ But this ended about six years highly specialized dogs resulted handsome, loving pet. He had no ago when he became interested in from the careful crossbreeding of intensity to his hunting drive. He the Irish setter. At that time setters,

16 Sand lap per -Photo by Joe Hamilton al though beautiful animals, only members and other interested per­ An Irish setter on point holds occasionally showed great style sons throughout the United States his head high and his while working in the field. In the and Canada, he acquired several of plumed tail almost vertical. setter's favor is the welcomed trait the best Irish setters that he could whereby he desires nothing more find. Three bitches were imported than to do what pleases his owner from Ireland, but even these dogs or handler. Hamilton wanted an were found to have lost much of year effort are amazing. Irish setter that was an ardent their original hunting instinct. The new strain of setter that has hunter. A search all over the south­ Establishing his Quail Hollow been developed is a dog bred for ern United States brought no re­ Kennels at Edgefield, he began a field use. Typically, he is a smaller sults. The more he talked about careful and intense breeding pro­ animal than the "other" Irish Irish setters and his desire to own a gram in an effort to produce his setter; Hamilton's dog weighs 40 to good one, the more other bird dog dream-a setter that could and 45 pounds. He has a snappy, tail­ men tried to convince him that it would hunt. cracking style and is very intent on was impossible. Rather than take Selective breeding to produce a point. He loves to hunt and, on their advice and get an English or superior strain of hunting dog takes point, displays perfect style with Gordon setter, Hamilton deter­ time, money and lots of effort. high head and tail at full mast­ mined to do something about re­ Friends and interested persons gave almost vertical. On point, the dog establishing in the South this once­ encouragement, but Hamilton's per­ will tremble all over with sheer famous breed of hunting dogs. sistence and desire to develop a ecstasy at the seen t of birds. Inquiries brought Joe into con­ working setter were the important Much of the hunting instinct is tact with the National Red Setter factors in achieving what he was native to the setter, and Quail Club, a group whose purpose is to seeking: a true field-trial type setter Hollow pups at about eight weeks promote the Irish setter. With the that also has excellent hunting of age will point a bird wing tied to advice and assistance of club capabilities. The results of the six- the end of a long cane pole. Their

December 1971 17 became the first man in the history of the National Red Setter Field Trial Club to place first, second and third in the Amateur Stake at that club's National Championship Trials. As a result, his kennels have on proud display a number of trophies won by its star performers, such as Quail Hollow's Shawn, Autumn Hill's Penny, and County Clare's Country Squire, the three best dogs at the kennels to date. It costs money to purchase breeding stock initially, and to keep 32 dogs at Quail Hollow Kennels in the manner to which they have be­ Joe Hamilton, on horse in foreground, setters began to campaign at such come accustomed is an expensive watches two of his setters at the events. item also. With winners such as the 1970-71 National Championship Trials. Field trials are showcases in kennel is now producing, however, which the abilities of a good dog the setters pay for themselves may be viewed by as many as a through stud fees and the sale of careful training continues by using hundred persons at one time, puppies. The puppies, incidentally, live birds, as well as by letting the whereas a dog used for hunting dis­ are all sold untrained. Some of pups expose themselves to the de­ plays his willingness, natural ability those pups are now fine field dogs lights of the hunt by pointing and training only to the few and are found working in Cali­ sparrows, butterflies, or anything persons who hunt with him. As part fornia, Washington, Oregon, New else that moves. The hunting spirit of his training program, Hamilton Mexico, Kansas and in most of the is so strong in these young setters, always hunts over his dogs, judging states throughout the East and Joe reports, that he has actually their capabilities and readiness be­ Southeast. seen 10 pups all pointing a butter­ fore entering them in trials. In recognition of his work in re­ fly that landed on a water dish for a In the past, even the finest im­ establishing the Irish setter as an drink. ported Irish setters have been outstanding bird dog, Joe is now Taken to the field at about five beaten consistently by pointers at vice president of the National Red or six months, the pups are worked field trials. Now Hamilton's dogs Setter Club. He also holds the same with older dogs to perfect their compete against pointers and other office in the Virginia-Carolinas Red hunting style. At this stage, live breeds at such trials and win. One Setter Club. The national club was birds are often used for training. A of his setters, Quail Hollow's formed about 22 years ago, when quail can be put to sleep by tucking Shawn, was entered in seven field Joe was nine years old. The Irish its head under a wing and whirling trials in the 1969-70 season. In setter has come a long way since it a few times. This seems to mes­ competition with the finest of bird then, and much of the progress was merize the bird, and it lies quietly dogs, Shawn placed in each of the largely the result of the determina­ where placed until found and trials. tion of Joe Hamilton, dog lover, pointed by the young dog. The During the 1970-71 season, Quail who had a dream and overcame pups are taught to retrieve birds on Hollow's Irish setters were entered every obstacle to produce an Irish the handler's command. Remark­ in trials in Illinois, Pennsylvania, setter that came up to his specifi­ ably, their soft mouths and instinct­ Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee, Ala- cations. Dog breeding is a continu­ ive light hold do not injure the bird bama and in both Carolinas. The ing process, however, and Hamil­ in any way. setters racked up 13 wins in those ton's determination to make the Hamilton personally worked trials. And these were wins by what Irish setter even better on the hunt with and trained the first of his had been for decades the "under- and at the trials is sure to lead to dogs that showed great promise. As dog breed," since the pointer has even greater success and recogni­ he hunted over them, he saw that generally been accepted as the near- tion. they were good enough to enter in est thing to perfection to be found the tough competition at field in a bird dog. C. W. Kilbey is a free-lance writer trials, and he and his "new" Irish Through wins by his setters, Joe from Aiken.

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WE NEVER HAVE TO GO TOO FAR to get our Christmas tree. The woods around Jack Daniel's CHARCOAL MELLOWED Hollow are filled with them. We hope that you 6 won't have to go to too much trouble getting DROP ready for the holidays either. So you can sit back 6 and truly enjoy this happiest of all seasons. BY DROP

Q 1971 , Jack Daniel Distille ry, Lem Matlow, Prop., Inc. TENNESSEE WHISKEY • 90 PROOF BY CHOICE • DISTILLED AND BOTTLED BY JACK DANIEL DISTILLERY • LYNCHBURG (POP. 361), TENN . usy Christmas shoppers at Spartanburg in early December Mobile Drama for B1969 had the story of the Na- tivity brought to them in an un­ usual way. At shopping centers, in parking lots and at other cen~al lo­ a Mobile Society cations throughout the city, a "pageant wagon," wheeled _through the streets, provided a mobile stage By Barrington King for a series of performances of the play, The Birth of Christ, adapted from the York Cycle of Plays of 14th-century England.

20 Sandlapper The casts of miracle plays in medieval England used plays moved outdoors. Laymen contemporary dress for religious drama presentations. began to take part. English replaced The Spartanburg group in its quest for authenticity Latin. With the development of the likewise uses costumes adapted from the middle ages. mobile stage, these dramatic bibli­ cal episodes moved to the streets and were presented as a series, or Episcopal Church of the Advent, cycle, of one-act plays, beginning which sponsors the Christian Drama with The Creation and ending with Group. (In nationwide competition, The Last Judgment. her musical review, A Case of Iden­ The York Cycle and similar series tity, won first prize among 41 of plays in other cities of England, entries in the 1971 annual drama notably Coventry, Chester and competition of the Sacramento, Wakefield, were well established by California, Festival of Religious the end of the 14th century. By Drama.) Following last year's series that time the miracle plays had of performances, Mrs. Dargan was spread throughout most of Europe awarded a Certificate of Appre­ and had their counterparts in ciation for Outstanding Service and France, Italy, Germany, Switzer­ Contributions to the City of land and the Netherlands. Only the Spartanburg by Mayor Robert L. York Cycle, a series of 48 plays, has Stoddard on behalf of the city. come down intact in written form The interdenominational Christ­ to the present time. In medieval ian Drama Group, with Mrs. Dargan England, all 48 plays were per­ as chairman, undertook production formed at York in a single day in of the York Nativity play with a May on the great festival of Corpus definite raison d'etre, she points Christi. The first play began at out. "We believe, as Dorothy Sayers dawn and the last ended by torch­ said of her own play, He That light at dusk. Should Come, that there is a need It is difficult to realize today the in today's world 'to show the mir­ impact this extensive development acle that was to change the whole of church drama had on the lives of course of human life, enacted in a the people of the middle ages. The world casual, inattentive, contemp­ York Cycle was produced at least as tuous, absorbed in its own affairs early as 1350 and continued and completely unaware of what through 1572-well over 200 years. was happening: to illustrate the tre­ The plays had a powerful influence mendous irony of history .... on the arts, too, including painting " 'To so many people it never and sculpture. It is interesting to happened-a tale unreal, shadowy note that many of the stained-glass then, not pertaining to now. It is of windows of present-day churches the utmost importance to remind represent scenes depicted in the people ... that the thing actually miracle plays, or mystery plays, as Many who came to shop re­ happened-that it is, and was from they became known throughout mained to marvel at the presenta­ the beginning, closely in contact most of Europe. tion they witnessed. For this pro­ with real life.' " E. Martin Browne, who edited duction of the Christian Drama The beginnings of the miracle and adapted many of the English Group of Spartanburg-which will plays, as they were called in Eng­ dramatic cycles, including the script be presented for the third time dur­ land, actually occurred long before for the Spartanburg production, ing the 1971 Christmas season-was the 14th century. As early as the points out the excellence of these no hastily put-together undertak­ 9th century, the clergy had intro­ plays from a literary standpoint. In ing. duced scenes from the life of Christ his Religious Drama 2, he writes: The idea was developed over a in the church service. Eventually, "The play of the birth of Christ period of years by the producer, these liturgical plays became so from the York Cycle is one of the Mrs. Robert Dargan. Since 1956 she popular that the congregations most beautiful of all medieval lit­ has been "in show business" for the overflowed the churches and the erature. The adoration of the new-

December 1971 21 generously offered the use of its shop and equipment. Miss Jean Erwin of Spartanburg, scene de­ signer for the Charlotte Opera Com­ pany and for the Converse College Opera Workshop, designed the "pageant" and assisted Albert Campbell, instructor in carpentry at the vocational school, in its con­ struction. They worked throughout the summer, often in 90-degree-plus weather, getting the stage literally ready to roll. In addition to the main stage, there are three additional levels. These must be dismantled and folded into a minimum of space for transporting through city traffic, clearing overhead traffic lights, etc. Medieval players certainly would have had no objection to the addi­ tion of rubber tires to the pageant; nor for that matter to the mechan­ ical device, developed after the first season, to raise the roof of the 16 -foot-high main stage once it reaches its location. In the middle ages, the great ma­ jority of the people could neither read nor write, but they received regular instruction through the church and had extensive know­ ledge of the Bible. For them, to see the whole of human history con­ densed and portrayed by their fel­ low citizens in a single day was an event of tremendous educational and religious significance. Prepara­ tion for this great event went on born Jesus is couched in terms of were performed in open air. Only throughout the year. The craft such absolute faith as well as poetic gradually did "pageant" come to be guilds, into which the master crafts­ beauty that it cannot fail to con­ applied to the play itself, and later men and their apprentices were or­ vince even a modern sceptical to scenic spectacles and pageantry. ganized, presented the miracle plays hearer.'' So the vehicle which has left its after they moved out of the Other American cities have pro­ imprint on our language today is churches and into the streets. duced plays from the York Cycle, definitely a part of the authentic The members of Spartanburg's but Spartanburg's Christian Drama reproduction of medieval miracle Christian Drama Group were under Group for the first time, so far as is plays. And the Spartanburg Christ­ no illusions as to what it would cost known, introduced the pageant ian Drama Group decided that that to produce their first play. The esti­ wagon. Actually the word "wagon" is the way it should be. mate was $3,000 and that's just in "pageant wagon" is redundant. The building of a movable stage about what it came to. They under­ For "pageant" is a Middle English was in itself no small undertaking. tood it as "an act of faith and as a word which in its historical sense First it was necessary to find a Christmas gift to the community," meant one of a series of movable place large enough to build it. The Mrs. Dargan says, and points out structures on which miracle plays Daniel Morgan Vocational School that, since there is no charge for ad-

22 Sandlapper mission, the patrons play a very im­ portant role. Cooperation from Mayor Stod­ dard, the City Council and other city officials solved many of the production problems. Fire Chief A. W. Tillotson designed the wagon's present home at Fern­ wood-Glendale Fire Station No. 5. Director of Law Enforcement William T. Ivey provides escort ser­ vice to and from the performance locations. At York, in medieval times, each pageant was pulled through the streets by apprentices of the sponsoring guild. But for the Spartanburg productions, it was decided that the Dargans' station wagon could be used for this pur­ pose. ing mood by the often-boisterous In addition to the 16-foot-high main In the present-day world, people earlier scenes, suddenly falls silent. stage, the pageant wagon has three of biblical days are usually thought In reporting the 1970 play, Mar­ other levels that are dismantled for transporting through city traffic. of as having ethereal qualities and garet Jones, a staff writer for the are pictured amid a Palestinean Spartan burg Herald-Journal, de­ background. Not so in medieval scribed the scene simply and rev­ England. They thought of the erently. After noting the earlier School; December 10, The Village players in both behavior and dress scenes of noisy human activity, she Shopping Center; December 11, as ordinary people like themselves. wrote: "However, there isn't a YMCA; December 12, Episcopal "And this is how we like to think sound when Mary, alone in the Church of the Advent. All perfor­ of them and see them act out our stable, crouches and brings forth a mances will be at 4 p.m. The pro­ version of this 'celebrational' babe from her clothes. Then a child duction also will be telecast over drama," Mrs. Dargan says. "It is our says softly: 'She has the Baby WSPA-TV, Spartanburg, during the celebration of the Incarnation-a Jesus.' " Christmas season. Holy Mystery in time for our The Christian Drama Group is a Each performance begins with time." member of the Spartanburg Arts the original banns proclaimed by Thus, Joseph reacts with natural Council and its board includes the lord mayor of York: "We com­ human suspicion and anger when he many of those active in Spartan­ mand on the King's behalf and the first learns of Mary's pregnancy. burg's varied arts projects. Mayor's and the Sheriff's of this The pomposity of Herod, dressed as Mrs. Dargan will be producer­ city, that no man go armed in the an English feudal lord, is amusing­ director this year. The first director city with swords, nor with caril­ and evil. The three shepherds come in 1969 was James Parker, pro­ laxes ... that all manner of crafts­ on stage with youthful horseplay fessor of speech and drama at Con­ men bring forth their pageants in and oafish, earthy humor. Upon verse College. Last year, Professor order and in good course by good hearing the Heavenly Hosts singing Robert E. Seaver of Union Theolog­ players well arrayed and openly the "Gloria in Excelcis," one of ical Seminary served as guest di­ speaking upon pain of losing a hun­ them remarks boastfully, "I can do rector and made three trips from dred shillings paid to the chamber as well as they," whereupon the New York to Spartanburg to work without pardon .... " three of them proceed to sing the with the cast during rehearsals with­ And so the play will begin again "Gloria," somewhat off-key. out salary. None of the cast or crew in 1971-in words, in spirit and in One of the most impressive receives any pay. Many of the purpose the same as it was more scenes is that showing the birth of players this year are the same as in than 600 years ago in the medieval Jesus on stage, as directed by the 1969 and 1970 productions. city of York. Robert E. Seaver of Union Theo­ Dates and parking-area locations logical Seminary, New York. The for 1971 performances are: De­ Barrington King is a free-lance audience, conditioned to a rollick- cember 9, Spartanburg High writer from Cowpens.

December 1971 23 Pansies Annuals that Ignore the Cold

By Albert P. Hout

-f'hoto by A lbert P. Hout

ansies offer a wide range of Although the pansy is referred to rose and violet, blue and even colors, markings and sizes. in 16th-century literature, it was deeper maroons and browns. PMoreover, they are among the not until the early 1800s that Eng­ Pansies make beautiful borders, few annuals which provide winter lish "green thumbers" began to and are ideal for planters and win­ blossoms. breed the familiar faces that are dow boxes. They may also be found on most of these delightful planted among other flowers, espe­ blossoms today. Different colors, cially tulip and other spring bulbs. too, began to make their appear­ They bloom throughout the winter ance around this time. Today, and spring and last until summer pansies range in color from pure flowers take over. white and pastel shades to yellow Pansies should be planted in full gold and burnished orange, deep sun or partial shade, for too much shade will reduce the size and number of blossoms. They may also be spindly. One should not plant pansies more than three years in the same location because Pythium (a fungus disease) builds up in the soil. Pansies can be grown either by planting seeds or by setting out

24 Sandlapper seedlings. If one prefers to plant seeds he should follow these simple steps: Pansies thrive in rich, well­ drained soil; so before you plant will have to be taken before the seeds, add manure, peat moss, or a seeds are sown. good 5-10-5 fertilizer to your soil. After seedlings emerge, thin Apply a good 5-10-5 fertilizer If the soil is heavy and thick, add them to an inch apart. You can put after about three or four weeks. some sand. Spade the soil to a the seedlings you remove into other This will give you bigger and depth of six to eight inches. Make prepared beds of soil. When the brighter flowers and will make sure it is fine and free from lumps, seedlings grow six to eight inches sturdy plants. Check the directions stones and other coarse materials. tall, move them to their permanent on the fertilizer label and follow Plant the seeds in rows about four location. Place them 7 to 12 inches the instructions carefully. Don't to six inches apart. Planting them in apart. Be careful when transplant­ forget to water pansies before ap­ rows will make identification of ing not to disturb the roots. Be sure plying fertilizer. seedlings easier when they emerge. that you plant them at the level at A day or two after planting seed­ Morever, it will make cultivation which they were growing. lings in their permanent locations, and weed removal less difficult. If you prefer to buy seedlings, work the ground around them, but Water the seedbed first. When the prodecure to follow in planting only to the depth of an inch or so. the water has drained away, sow them is the same as when you grow Use a hand cultivator and work the seeds and thinly cover them your own seedlings, with the ex­ right up to the base of the plant. with about an eighth of an inch of ception of a few additional steps: During the growing season be soil or wet sand. After the seeds When you first get your seed­ sure to keep weeds down. Weeds have been sown, take a flat board lings, sprinkle them with water and rob the flowers of food and moist­ and press it down firmly over the let them stand a short while to re­ ure. Moreover, removal of blossoms surface. Water the soil again. Make store moisture before setting them that are fading will encourage more sure, however, that you use a out. When you plant them, care­ blossoms. Thinning out will prevent sprinkler this time, for a heavy fully separate the roots and water seed pods from forming and it will stream of water will wash out the the soil. Press the soil firmly around help the plants to bloom longer. seeds. After you have watered them the plants so that good contact is One other step must be taken in a second time, cover the planted made with the roots. Don't press order to succeed in growing these seeds with wet burlap bags to keep soil so tightly that it cakes when it wonderful little flowers; that is to the soil damp. Remove bags when begins to dry. sow pansy seed and transplant the seeds begin to sprout-in about Taking care of pansies is an easy pansy seedlings in late July or in 5 to 10 days. task. Just water them once a week early August. This will give them Shade seedlings with a canopy. with about an inch of water. While the time (6 to 10 weeks) they need Place it about a foot above the they are growing do not water them to become well established in their seedlings so the air can circulate. in the late afternoon or evening, for permanent site before cold weather Remove it when the first leaves ap­ this will encourage disease develop­ arrives. pear, for by then the seedlings will ment. After getting the seedlings be strong enough to stand direct safely into their permanent loca­ Albert P. Hout is a free-lance writer sunshine. tions, water them only after dry from Appomattox, Virginia. Always water seedlings in the periods and when you fertilize morning. They should be neither them. too dry nor too wet. If seedlings dry out they will die; and if watered too much they may rot. The best way to prevent either from happening is to raise the bed three to four inches to keep water from standing. Of course, this step

December 1971 25 26 Sandlapper Williamston Spring Park

By Jo Ann R. Wigington

town park, once known only for 2.536-M.B. Hardin, chief chemist, its mineral springs, now takes Laboratory 3125." Aon a magical appearance annu­ As other recreational facilities ally. The Anderson County town of came to the forefront and as trans­ Williamston each December turns portation improved, the park which its park into a Christmas wonder­ had once been a grand attraction land. for the town became less popular Legend has it that the park's and less well kept. spring was discovered as a result of The town's leaders realized that a dream. West Allen Williams, a something needed to be done to re­ wealthy planter, was riding through vive interest in the park, and the his land one autumn day in 1842, idea evolved to decorate it for when he became tired and lay down Christmas. Many towns sponsor to rest. He fell asleep and dreamed Christmas parades which last only of a clear spring with healing pro­ an hour or so. A Christmas park, perties. When he awoke, he noticed however, would attract visitors to that the nearby ground was very Williamston throughout the holiday damp. He pushed back some vines season. and found a clear trickle of One of the local citizens most strange-tasting water. dedicated to the development of News of the medicinal water the park is D.R. "Doc" Chasteen, D.R. Chasteen, responsible for much of spread and people came from miles the improvement of Williamston Park, vocational agriculture teacher at around to drink it. Tents, then huts samples the water of the mineral springs. Palmetto High School. Chasteen, and cottages and, finally, perma­ along with members of the Future nent homes sprang up around the was destroyed by fire in 1860. Farmers of America and students spring. On Dec. 16, 1852, the town In the early 1900s the water from his other classes at school, has of Williamston was chartered and from this spring was analyzed and made many of the displays and also named for its dreamer-founder. the following analysis was printed has assisted other groups in setting Before long a park developed on a card which advertised the old up theirs. around the spring, and for years it Williamston Hotel: "Analysis of During the first few years, there was a Mecca for local residents each water of Williamston Mineral were only a few colored lights and summer. Picnics, reunions and band Spring-Grains per U.S. gallon: displays. But as interest in the concerts made the park a center of sodium carbonate 1.365, lithium project grew, displays increased in community activity. A large hotel carbonate trace, calcium carbonate number and complexity. Now, was built nearby and thrived until it 2.846, magnesium carbonate .571, garden clubs, schools, churches, iron carbonate .058, potassium sul­ civic organizations, businesses and A favorite among the displays is the fate .519, sodium sulphate .187, industries annually set up exhibits. white church with stained-glass windows sodium chloride .163, iron sesqui­ As a part of the celebration, sponsored by First Baptist Church. oxide and alumina, .140, and silica Santa receives visitors nightly in the

December 1971 27 stained-glass windows. Another popular display is that of the world with the figure of Christ looming above it. The figure has movable arms which raise as if beckoning to a lost world. When the arms rise, the whole scene is lighted; when the arms lower, there is complete dark­ ness. In a lighter vein is an exhibit of Santa's workshop, where elves are busy with last-minute work. There is also Rudolph who sleeps in prep­ aration for his all-important night. Improvements have been made in the entire park as a result of a grant from the Bureau of Outdoor Rec: reation Department, and adminis­ tered on a regional level by the Appalachian Regional Planning & Development Commission. Perma­ nent benches, shelters and restrooms have been constructed. Comfortable Scout Hut. Several hundred chil­ lawn chairs invite those who come dren climb upon his knee each to the park to sit awhile and recall night to remind the visitor from the Above: Flood-retaining dams prevent the park's interesting past. Also, the North Pole of their wants and floods which formerly threatened the road through the park has been re­ wishes. park. Below: Displays reflect both worked and improved, and electri­ festive and serious aspects of Christmas. Gay lights invite motorists to cal wiring has been put under­ drive through the park and seasonal ground to enhance the beauty of music is piped throughout. A the setting. Park facilities were nightly slide presentation of the birth of Christ reminds the visitors of the true meaning of Christmas. Churches share in the community project as local choirs gather to sing carols during the holidays. The band and chorus of Palmetto High School have also provided music. The number of visitors to the park has grown from a very few in the earlier years of its existence to some 100,000 at present. Each year several new exhibits are added, many of which are ani.­ mated. Some cost as much as $800; others are created in the shop of the high school. Among the new exhibits is a display by Mount Vernon Mills which depicts the three wise men, and which was de­ signed and created by Palmetto High School students. A favorite of everyone is the small, lighted, white church with

28 Sand lap per booked solid each weekend during the past summer as people enjoyed the new look. Had it not been for an earlier project, Williamston ' s annual Christmas displays might not have been practicable. For years, a heavy rain would cause the park to flood. But through the work of Chasteen and the Big Creek watershed direc­ tors, in tum working with the An­ derson County Soil Conservation Service, flood-retarding dams were constructed to prevent the creek's overflowing. As a result of the cooperation of the entire community, the once­ thriving park again is the center of the community as it beckons to young and old alike to step into a -Photos by Densel L. Dockery, courtesy Williamston Journal Christmas wonderland.

Many religious displays are annually erected at Williamston Park. Local church choirs Jo Ann R. Wigington is a free-lance gather to sing carols and a nightly slide presentation depicts the birth of Christ. writer from Piedmont. SWEET TEMPTATIONS

By Nancy Carter

hristmas desserts traditionally in­ KOLACHE COOKIES butter and cream cheese until FROM BOHEMIA clude cakes and cookies. Modern fluffy. Gradually blend in dry in­ 2 cups regular all-purpose flour CJ cooks have learned to prepare 2 tsp. baking powder gredients; add eggs and stir to form many such desserts in minutes from 2 tbsp. sugar a stiff dough. Chill at least two mixes, while others require more 1.4 tsp. salt hours. Roll out dough on lightly time and skill. Some desserts 1 cup (2 sticks) butter floured board to %-inch thickness pamper weight-watchers while 3 pkgs. (3-oz. each) cream cheese and cut with medium-size biscuit others force calorie-counters to sur­ 2 eggs, beaten cutter. Place on baking sheet. Make render in defeat. But it isn't Christ­ small indentation in centers. Place a mas without an abundance of sweet Sift together flour, baking spoonful of jam in each. Bake in temptations. powder, sugar and salt. Cream preheated 375 degree oven about 15 minutes, or until golden. Yield: approximately six dozen small cookies. BUTTER POPPIES 1h cup hot milk 1h cup poppy seed 1h cup (1 stick) butter 1h cup sugar 2 squares (2 oz.) unsweetened choc- olate, melted 11.4 cups regular all-purpose flour 1 tsp. baking powder 1h tsp. cinnamon 1.4 tsp. cloves 1 cup dried currants Soak poppy seed in milk. Cream butter and sugar; then add choco­ late, poppy seed-milk mixture and blend. Sift together flour, baking powder, cinnamon and cloves; add to creamed mixture. Drop by tea­ spoonfuls onto buttered baking sheet. Bake in preheated 350 degree oven 15 minutes. Yield: approxi­ mately three dozen.

KOLACHE COOKIES AND BUTTER POPPIES

30 Sand lap per In a saucepan combine apricots, sugar and water. Cook over low heat, stirring occasionally, until apricots are tender and most of the liquid is absorbed ( approximately 20-25 minutes). Place apricots in mixing bowl, beat to a pulp and set aside. Cream butter and brown sugar until light and fluffy. Add vanilla. Sift flour and salt together; gradually add to creamed mixture. Spread batter evenly on bottom of nine-inch square baking pan. Spread apricots over batter and bake in preheated 350 degree oven 25-30 minutes. Remove from cool pan on wire rack. Cut into rectangles or make circles using a round cookie cutter. Decorate with almonds or coconut. Yield: 20 pieces. CHERRY MERINGUE BARS 112 cup butter 112 cup confectioners' sugar 1 cup sifted all-purpose flour 2 egg yolks 2/3 cup sugar 2112 tbsp. cornstarch 1 1-lb. can red tart cherries, drained % cup cherry juice 1 tbsp. lemon juice 2 egg whites 112 cup sugar Slivered almonds GILDED POPPY BUTTER CAKE Cream butter and confectioners' sugar; blend in flour and egg yolks. Spread on bottom of 13- x 9-inch UPSIDE-DOWN PEAR tions; pour over pears and bake ac­ baking dish. Bake in a 3 50 degree GINGERBREAD CAKE cording to package directions. Cool oven for 18 minutes. Combine 1 /.& cup (112 stick) butter in pan on wire rack five minutes. sugar and cornstarch. Stir in 112 cup firmly packed light brown Invert onto serving plate. Serve sugar drained cherry juice and lemon 2 tbsp. finely chopped maraschino warm topped with vanilla ice juice. Heat, stirring constantly, un­ cherries cream. Yield: nine servings. til mixture is clear and thick. Stir in 2 cups thinly sliced fresh pears APRICOT TEASERS cherries. Remove from heat and Orange or lemon juice 1 cup (1h lb.) dried apricots 1 pkg. gingerbread mix cool. Beat two egg whites until 112 cup sugar 1 Vanilla ice cream fluffy and gradually add h cup 11/.& cups water sugar. Continue beating until stiff. 112 cup (1 stick) butter In 8-inch square baking pan melt 112 cup firmly packed light brown Spread cooled cherry mixture over butter; stir in sugar. Sprinkle cher­ sugar bottom crust. Top with meringue ries over butter and sugar. Dip pear 1 tsp. vanilla and sprinkle with slivered almonds. slices in juice to prevent darkening. l1h cups sifted regular all-purpose Bake in a 350 degree oven for 10 to Arrange pear slices in rows over flour 20 minutes. (Note: Canned cherry 1A tsp. salt cherries; set aside. Prepare ginger­ Blanched almonds pie filling may be used in place of bread according to package direc- Shredded coconut cooked cherry mixture.)

December 1971 31 GILDED POPPY wise and then crosswise forming omit lemon juice and grated lemon BUTTER CAKE four layers. Spread lemon custard peel. When filling has cooked, add 112 cup poppy seed filling between layers and as a frost­ l1/2 squares (l1/2 ounces) melted, un­ 1 cup warm milk ing over the top layer. sweetened chocolate and % tea­ 2/3 cup butter 1112 cups sugar Lemon Custard Filling spoon vanilla. (Note: Cake with 1 tsp. vanilla % cup sugar custard filling should always be re­ 2% cups sifted cake flour 1 tbsp. cornstarch frigerated if not served shortly after 1 tbsp. baking powder % tsp. salt preparing.) 112 tsp. salt 1112 cups milk 4 egg whites 4 egg yolks, beaten BUTTERSCOTCHY TARTS 2112 tbsp. lemon juice 1 (3 5/8 oz.) pkg. butterscotch Soak poppy seed in warm milk 1 tsp. grated lemon peel pudding and pie filling about two hours. Butter and lightly 112 cup finely chopped walnuts 112 cup beer 1112 cups milk flour 13- x 9- x 2-inch baking pan. In a saucepan combine sugar, 1 tsp. pumpkin pie spice Cream butter and sugar until light cornstarch and salt. Gradually add 1 tsp. instant coffee and fluffy. Add vanilla. Sift dry in­ milk; cook over medium heat, stir­ 6 baked tart shells gredients together and add to ring constantly, until slightly thick­ 1 cup frozen whipped topping, creamed mixture alternately with ened. Add some of milk mixture to thawed milk and poppy seed. Beat egg egg yolks; return yolks to saucepan. Cook pudding as directed on whites until soft peaks form. Do Cook one additional minute. Add package using beer and milk for not overheat. Fold whites into lemon juice and grated lemon peel. liquid. When pudding has thick­ batter. Pour batter into pan and Cool. Spread custard and sprinkle ened, stir in spice and coffee. Cover bake in preheated 350 degree oven nuts between layers and on the top pudding and let cool. Arrange tart 30 to 35 minutes. Cool 10 minutes. layer. Yield: two cups. shells on serving dish; beat pudding Remove from pan onto wire rack with a spoon or wire whisk before and cool completely. With a long, Chocolate Filling Variation filling tarts. Chill tarts until icy thin knife, slice loaf in half length- Increase sugar to one cup and cold. Serve with whipped topping and, if desired, a sprinkling of pie APRICOT TEASERS spice. Yield: six servings.

GINGERBREAD APRICOT TURNOVER 2112 cups canned apricots 1 cup brown sugar 1 cup sour milk 3 cups flour % cup molasses % cup melted shortening 2 eggs, well beaten 1.4 tsp. salt 1 tsp. baking soda 1 tsp. ginger 1 tsp. cinnamon Combine eggs, sugar, shortening and molasses. Sift flour with baking soda, salt and spices. Add alter­ nately with milk to first mixture. Beat until well blended. Drain apri­ cots. Place fruit in bottom of well­ greased cake pan. Pour gingerbread over fruit. Bake at 375 degrees about 45 minutes. Remove from pan by inverting cake pan on a round plate. Cut in sections and serve with whipped cream.

Nancy Carter is a free-lance writer from DeRidder, Louisiana.

32 Sand lap per '' ~1,, Su,u s~11nds ~1 ti,,

t:J;t" "" tJ,, S,« " *

Hear seagul Is on the Battery ... the bells of St. Michaels ... the surf at Sullivan's Island ... / -; and many other familiar sounds from

Charleston, S.C.

~ v,- .~~-·- .. - .. ..-...... • , ,.... ··- . ,,, ...... -- ..

*Copyright applied for DECEMBER WEATHER -Prepared by H. Landers, N.O.A.A. National Weather Service Climatologist for South Carolina

Precipitation for the month amounts to about 3 inches near the coast, 3% inches in the central area, 4 to 4% inches in the Piedmont plateau and 5 to 6 inches in the mountains. Significant rainfall can be expected about once every 5 days. Some snow flurries generally occur in the Piedmont and measurable snow falls in 1 year out of 3. Snow is more frequent at the higher elevations. December averages are 1/3 of an inch at the 1,000- to 1,500-foot heights and 2 inches above 3,000 feet. The great- est December rainfall was 20 inches at Caesars Head in 1932, and the greatest 24-hour rainfall was 6 inches, also at Caesars Head in 1932. A record snow of 14.4 inches fell at Crescent in Spartanburg County on Dec. 28 and 29, 1935. This snowfall covered most of the state. Four and one-half inches was measured at Columbia and a trace at Charleston. Precipitation in this first winter month comes mainly from the fronts and cyclones which are inter­ spersed with the cold air masses that migrate through the state. DECEMBER AVERAGE PRECIPITATION I in inches and tenths for the period 1935-1964

U5CO.IOl·"°"A·A-•1ll•, N. C ,,. ft•-.la"4ll·T

7 5 TH MERIDIAN TI ME ZONE CAROLINA

42,,..£:" • _ L ~ -- 1 )'- ' "~ " o ~- '"'" ' •"' L.. / '{i )""~ "' !~;:;;:nng:if:::~:o~~~~er- ~o"~:..? ,~~:l~:-~:~~, ~rtNE ~, , " ""~ · --- degrees in the north to 65 in the /""""' ' / " oouth " n.~mbe, begins, and th• f""'( (" . )~- early morning lows range from 34 to w 42 degrees. By the end of the month, ~~•. was. ~ .~_# =i'7------,i-~ ~ the highs are mostly in the upper 50s and "··-~:::-, ..,., ,.. ~· the lows range from 30 to 38 degrees. There ···";;.·· \ 5 ,) .. i - " are freezing temperatures on 15 to 20 morn- · ings in the north and 9 to 14 mornings in the south and in the coastal areas. The record high temperature was 87 degrees at Oaks, in Georgetown County, on Dec. 9, 1919. The lowest was -6 degrees on Dec. 30, 191 7, at Landrum and at Mountain Rest.

There are no hurricanes or tropical storms in December. Thunderstorms are quite rare and tornadoes are infrequent. Tornadoes occur about once every 6% years, only 3% per­ cent of the annual average.

-0- ... + ,,,_.,.,;,,,,_,,,,dT-,,,.,o,,,,• DECEMBER AVERAGE TEMPERATURE -¢- + -q,- P>«,,,.10h,,,., ,,.,,,_,,,..a .,,d c...,,,,,,,,,_

• _, (J &rh ,,.,,.. ~ J.oll T

1/SCOMM·NO/IA·A•h•"li<. ".C. 1, • ft ..i .. dll · >•

34 Sand lap per C4BOLING FOB 4 C4U8E

By Lu Brown

ow many times we, as children, Sponsored by the Women's Aux­ teers became aware of the needs of remarked, "I wish Christmas iliary to the Greenville Hospital children who are ill, especially Hcould be every day." Well, we System, the annual event is unique those underprivileged, during the all know that's impossible ... or is in its 15-year history and in its mis­ festive season of Christmas. Com­ it? sion to raise funds for child patients munity attention was aroused and In Greenville County there are in area hospitals. The scope of the the result was a program whereby approximately 20,000 young program has broadened over the young people Christmas carol to Christmas carolers who would years to accommodate the com­ raise funds for hospitalized fellow vouch that it's not impossible. And munity's progress, but its ultimate youth. there's evidence to support their goal of good health for youthful In the beginning, the event was testimony in the form of hundreds patients has remained unchanged. held on Christmas eve, with various of children who benefit throughout As a featured part of the Christ­ volunteer groups going about their each year from the efforts and con­ mas season, the caroling program neighborhoods singing Christmas tributions of the annual Greenville has become an enormous activity carols and seeking small alms for County Program for Christmas by children for other children. In the sick. As participation spread Caroling. 1950, a group of Greenville volun- throughout the area, complete or-

December 1971 35 ganization was found to be neces­ sary. Thus, in 1956, the Women's Auxiliary to Greenville General Hospital, a volunteer organization, assumed the responsibility of the annual program's organization and direction. From a one-night event, the caroling program has grown into a week-long festivity, beginning with the traditionally held Christmas parade in downtown Greenville. Costumed carolers aboard a parade float meld their voices with those of spectators as parade activities culminate in a joyous downtown community sing. During the follow­ ing week, individual groups of chil­ dren approach their neighbors' thresholds in vibrant songs of Christmastide. One costumed car­ oler in each group extends his iden­ tifying red stocking to receive dona­ tions offered. The contributions collected are used exclusively for child patients within Greenville County, but the emphasis is neither on the total amount received nor on fund solici­ tations. Of primary importance is the countywide participation and voluntary action. On caroling Sunday, the final day of caroling week, carolers find themselves at the peak of Christmas spirit as their activities near the closing hours of receiving the alms collected. Joy and celebration pre­ vail as the staff of Greenville Memo­ rial Auditorium and Greenville Gen­ and related problems. Yet, for with games, toys, arts and crafts; eral Hospital auxiliary members host those homes where a child is in­ patients celebrate all major holidays a party for the carolers, their friends volved, aid is available as a result of with appropriate parties. Each child and families. The warmth and gen­ caroling funds. will receive at least one gift from erosity of Christmas is apparent: The seventh floor at Greenville Santa at Christmas. drinks are donated by a local General Hospital, an area set aside On the fifth floor, in the intens­ bottling company; entertainment is exclusively for patients under age ive care nursery, a device is avail­ supplied by local musicians, vocal 1 7, is a good example. Here, able to feed critically ill infants in­ groups, and dancers; even money mothers who remain with their chil­ travenously; a special light is used counters are furnished by a local dren overnight are furnished roll­ for infants suffering from jaundice; vending company. away beds without charge; a tele­ a portable infant transporter trans­ Although Christmas is considered vision is furnished in each four-bed fers infants from one hospital to an­ a time of glad tidings, for many ward; children are transported to other without further endangering area hospital patients and their fam­ other locations in the hospital via their lives. Here, also, is an intensive ilies, Christmas, like the rest of the large wooden wagons; the playroom care Isolette for receiving tiny year, brings sad tidings of ill health for recreational therapy is supplied babies after surgery. All of this

36 Sand lapper of six children and two adults who and will need further surgery to im­ must live on $75 per week. Kathy prove her condition. Julie had to be was recently discharged from the placed in custody of a crippled chil­ hospital but she must remain on an dren's home with other babies of expensive an ti biotic for three similar needs and problems, but months. Caroling funds will supply there was no money for traveling Kathy with the required medicine, expenses for her or the nurse who and hopefully she will progress had to accompany her. Caroling rapidly and favorably. funds supplied these expenses and Julie was born with many ab­ Julie is now doing very well. These normalities. She was abandoned by are two examples of caroling funds' her mother, hospitalized for almost assistance in the social service de­ three months for corrective surgery, partment; there are hundreds more.

Left: These robed youths typify the 20,000 Greenville countians who annually carol for the benefit of area child patients. Right: Carolers are hosted with a party at the end of the week's activities. Below: Toys for hospitalized children are but one of the items purchased with caroling funds.

equipment was purchased with caroling funds. As in any social service depart­ ment in any hospital in the nation, innumerable and complicated prob­ lems arise concerning patients in financial need. The two services most often requested from local caroling funds are assistance in ob­ taining transportation and assist­ ance in securing drugs for patients. For example: Kathy is a nine-year-old girl with osteomyelitis, a severe bone in­ fection which requires careful med­ ical attention. She is from a family

December 1971 for the patients' use while they wait to be examined. And for being a "big boy" or a "big girl" each pa­ tient leaves with a lollipop. The first phase of the new health center of the Greenville Hospital System, the Marshall I. Pickens Hospital, was completed in March 1969. This comprehensive facility has a reeducational center for emo­ tionally disturbed children. Here, furnishings, gym equipment, and various supplies and materials re­ quested for psychiatric therapy have been made possible. The list is infinite-but the needs of children are also infinite. A sincere Christmas spirit reaches deeply into the heart of each par­ ticipant in Greenville County's Christmas Caroling Program. As a result, both carolers and patients in children's health care centers throughout the county benefit from it-all year long.

Right: A downtown community sing is an activity opening caroling week. Above: Caroling participants meet Santa during the finale of the week's activities.

Child patients in the clinic also are benefitted by caroling funds. Rheumatic fever patients are given special lunches each week; children with cystic fibrosis are given re­ freshments; all children are pro­ vided with toys for entertaining, educational play. The emergency room of Greenville General Hospital speaks loudly of results of caroling funds. Equipment is available so that a child's arm or leg or entire body may be comfortably secured for suturing. The emergency pediatric room is equipped with a rocking chair and is brightly decorated in an un-hospital-like manner with color­ ful vinyl wallpaper. Here, small pa­ tients are transported in child-sized wheelchairs and toys are furnished

38 Sand lap per Let's put the O back in Sonoco.

There's one thing we at Sonoco want to be remembered by: our name. But people keep spelling it with a U instead of an 0. Which is not just another way to spell Sonoco. It's another company. So to help you remember who we are, we'd like for you to remember, one: we don't pump gas for a living. And, two: our business is making things out of paper and plastics. Things like cones, cores and spools for textiles. Cores and tubes for paper manufacturers and converters. Cans, containers and folding cartons for packaging. Column forming tubes and underground pipe for construction. And underground vaults for the utility industry. What's more, each of the thousands of products we make is developed in some of the largest and most complete laboratories in the paper, cone and tube industry: our own. And none of them go to consumers. Because all our products are made to solve specialized industrial problems. We'd like to tell you more about all the things we \ do. If you'll write Sonoco Products Company, \\ Department SL,Hartsville, S.C. 29550, we'll '~ send you a copy of our ~ll capabilities booklet. ~,~ I Because other than ~~ our name, there's at l\~ least one product we ~~ want to be remem- · ~~ . bered by. · · - _. · The one we can make for you.

Sonoco Products Company. Innovators in paper and plastics. f'e

~ ® so 485 WE'VE BEEN ' BROADCASTING THE HAPPY ,'..r SOUNDS OF CHRISTMAS FOR OVER 40 YEARS. r /.:,,, ,.,.:,_ .-~4I (.' ,..,~ JI//t WIS , ' ~ . ~, RADIO: AGAIN, THIS YEAR, YOU CAN KEEP TABS ON THE HOLi DAYS BY DIALING 56!! ---//~" /--- linging to the Atlantic coast, the By William Seale thing but a very mean dirt house, New World's fringes of settle­ our spirits quite sunk." Cment were considered as islands, Witherspoon assured his children connected to home by the sea. that he would "get all these trees Water in the 18th century remained ably economic. In County Down, cut down and in a short time there the most convenient means of Ireland, the Witherspoons had been [would] be plenty of inhabitants and transportation, and it was the con­ farmers, claiming among their an­ we could see from house to house." quest of the sea which had played cestors Robert Bruce and John The supplies were coming by a major role in ending the middle Knox. Witherspoon himself had another boat, which was delayed. ages and had instigated the rise of been educated to read books, as Elizabeth Witherspoon, grieving yet the great nations. When the age of well as to practice the art of farm­ over the death of her infant Sarah, the explorers and conquistadores ing and weaving. who died during their brief stay in was over, ships and the sea brought Soon after the new year 1735, Charles Town, huddled with her the New World's opportunities James Witherspoon received a grant children in the cold, doorless hut within the realm of possibility for of 300 acres new land, inland along while Witherspoon went in search the man who thought less of Indian the Black River in the township of of the King's Tree, the landmark treasure than of land and a market. Williamsburgh. Forty-five years which would lead him to another He would do the rest. later the son Robert set down his settlement where he might obtain The ship Good Intent arrived in recollections of the family's arrival fire. When he returned with fire, Charles Town harbor late in 1734 at Witherspoon's grant: " ... it was the children gathered "fewel," and bearing such a party of men and the 1st of Feb. when we came to built a "good fire." Outside, their families. Among them was the Bluff. My mother and us chil­ James Witherspoon, 34 years of dren were still in expectation that -Photo by Samuel E. McIntosh age, his wife Elizabeth McQuoid, we were coming to an agreeable and their five children. Their place, but when we arrived and saw Candlelit windows and traditional reasons for coming to America are nothing but a wilderness and in­ decorations of native greens reflect a vague, perhaps religious, but prob- stead of a fine timbered house, no- Christmastide of the 18th century.

December 1971 41 "wolves began to howl on all attic, reached by an enclosed, twist­ popular in England since the days sides," and the mother and children ing secondary stair. Because of this of Henry VIII. Above the

42 Sand lap per Left: The pine corner cupboard was made in Williamsburgh Township prior to the American Revolution; other pieces are likewise Southern and fall into the 1749-1826 period expressed in the restoration. Roberts-Toms' 1739 line engraving shows Charles Town as the Witherspoons first saw it. Below: The 18th-century parlor served the dual pu rpose of a formal sitting room and bedroom. The counterpane on the local-made bedstead was woven of yarns dyed with indigo grown in the township. The portrait of Samuel Fluitt was painted in Charleston by Robert J . Curtis, famed limner of Osceola. Bottom: The woodwork of the master chamber is original to the room. The handsome South Carolina bedstead's most recent owner was the late Bernard M. Baruch, who used it at Hobcaw Barony and Little Hobcaw.

-Photos by Associated Creative Talents

the wooden decoration was painted ,..,...... salmon pink or terra cotta, giving the feeling of aged stone. Doors were grained with paint to resemble fine polished wood, and the embel­ lishment of the room rose above a heavy chair board, below which the wooden walls were unpainted. The master chamber upstairs re­ ceived even more attention than the great hall. Although it was a smaller room, the Greek key was exagger­ ated, the overmantel panels were numerous, and the entire cornice deeper. This room's ornament was painted stone white; the walls were never painted, unusual in a wilder­ ness mansion, where every effort was characteristically made to eli­ minate the appearance of the natural. Thorntree was set in the midst of many farm structures, barns, sheds, ,·,•,',',',;;·, , ·, ·,·,•, -,-, ·,·,•, ',•,·,•,·,·,•,·, weaving houses. The kitchen was ~ typically located in a separate building, because kitchens were dirty, soot-filled dens where the fires burned continually, even in the hot South Carolina summers. Wood was abundant and the winters milder than the Wither­ spoons had known in Ireland. With 10 slaves, himself and several sons, it was not impractical for James Witherspoon to build different shelters for the various plantation needs. The first year in Throntree was a tragic one. In the winter of 1749-50 an epidemic known to history simply as the "Great Mortality" swept the country, taking the lives of 80 persons in Williamsburgh Township alone. The Witherspoons

December 1971 43 In the parlor, the pine slant-top desk-and­ bookcase of South Carolina origin contains a sufficient number of books to warrant "a gentleman's library" of the 18th century.

The garden was the woman's domain. In its picket enclosure she cultivated herbs to heal the sick and flowers to bring beauty to her wilderness world of work.

-Photo by Samuel E. McIntosh lost a son and a daughter. Two lived out the rest of her life, and ending one family's 80-year occu­ years later James Witherspoon was buried in the family cemetery. pancy of the house. signed the confession at the Wil­ Gavin Witherspoon was living at li ams burgh Presbyterian Meeting Thorntree during the American On a bitter January afternoon in House. At the time of his death in Revolution when 100 British troops 1967, South Carolina historian and the fall of 1 768 he was an elder in under the vicious Col. Banastre interior designer Samuel E. Mc­ that church, and was buried with Tarleton and a large band of tories Intosh, and internationally known his children on the banks of Thorn­ under Col. Elias Ball came through decorative arts scholar Meyric R. tree Creek. His inventory, taken the neighborhood. The Wither­ Rogers, formerly of Yale University, after his death, listed besides the spoons fled, and Tarleton and Ball were touring historic sites in Wil­ usual farm accouterments of a selected the house as headquarters, liamsburg County. In a bleak pas­ farmer of means, a "Parcel of their troops using the immediate ture stood Thorntree House, sur­ Books" valued at 63 pounds. With premises for a camp. Thorntree was veying some of the trees and several hard work in the New World had thus spared the torch, a fate which of the buildings it had known in come the time for leisure. befell most of the other houses of most of its 200 years of existence. Nine months prior to his death, the region, even though its owner McIntosh recalls that in spite of Witherspoon had transferred the was a corporal in Marion's Brigade. the cold, the jonquils, frozen stiff, house on Thorntree and 50 acres to Under the new American nation, were blooming around the steps. his son Gavin. In his will, written Thorntree's fortunes declined with Through the years Thorntree had only two months before his death, the death of indigo as a major crop. undergone changes in the form of Witherspoon bequeathed to Eliza­ Gavin Witherspoon continued the additions. But an investigation of beth, "my Dearly beloved Wife, a operations established by his father, the interior caused Meyric Rogers Convenient Room in my dwelling until his death in 1818. His heirs to write later: " ... in architectural house .... " And there Elizabeth sold Thorntree in the late 1820s, structure it is a rarity ... this house

44 Sand lap per is in first state condition and needs structure was moved to Fluitt­ Dr. William Seale, a native Texan, few minor repairs ... and it will be Nelson Memorial Park, a 15-acre is author of three books, Texas an irreplaceable loss if this dwelling tract donated for that purpose by Riverman: The Life and Times of is not preserved for posterity, for Miss Marie L. Nelson. On its new Captain Andrew Smyth, 1966; Sam probably there is not another house site, convenient to the town of Houston's Wife: A Biography of of its type, unless along the James Kingstree, the house was pains­ Margaret Lea Houston, 1970; and River in Virginia." takingly restored as a museum for Texas in Our Time: A History of Inspired by Rogers' enthusiasm the historical society, which has re­ Texas in the Twentieth Century, and his own interest in local his­ cently opened the building to the 1972. He is presently writing, with tory, McIntosh began successful ef­ public every Sunday from 2:30 to Henry Russell Hitchcock, a history forts with other local citizens to 5:30 p.m. The scholarly endeavors of the 50 state capitols, under a form the Williamsburg County His­ which guided the restoration will grant from the National Endowment torical Society. Thorntree House, continue. for Humanities and sponsored by which was then used to shelter James Witherspoon's house the Victorian Society in America. tenants, was presented to the his­ brings us provocatively close to the Dr. Seale formerly was director of torical society in exchange for a South Carolina Low Country of South Carolina's Midlands Tricen­ new tenant house. The original two centuries ago. tennial Center. -Photo by Associated Creative Talents

The Georgetown Gazette of 1817, shown on the slant-top desk in the parlor, belonged to Gavin Witherspoon and bears his signature.

December 1971 45 ECHO HOUSE IS THE RESULT OF

et's set the record straight at the smock, would bathe you in that in­ ever help us none," one of the most beginning. I'm a Lutheran and fectious Gaelic grin of hers, or devoted black visitors to Echo Lmy only close association with maybe laugh out loud, if you called House now smilingly recalls. nuns has been from somewhere in her a heroine in a new kind of war. Today every one of the 3,000 center house in the local movie Yet no mission, however success­ residents jammed into a dozen-acre theatre watching Rosalind Russell fully accomplished after a four­ piece of ghetto real estate on the and Ingrid Bergman play a spirited year campaign, ever seemed less as­ outskirts of Charleston knows game of softball with some shiny­ sured of success than theirs that about Echo House. It is in effect faced and well-fed Catholic kids. day in 1967 when she and two their community center and the So I was totally unprepared for other Sisters of Saint Francis of pride of a dollar-poor neighbor­ Echo House; and chances are the Rochester, Minnesota, decided to hood. Its beneficiaries have spent same would be true for Hollywood. move their faith, hope and charity their lifetimes fighting disease, mal­ Dead rats floating in the muddy into a squalid Afro-Protestant nutrition, misery and second-class water of a semi-paved alleyway in a pocket of poverty avoided like the citizenship. Theirs is the kind of Negro ghetto wouldn't look well in plague by all whites except rent col­ community which leaves food on Technicolor. And there's nothing lectors and installment plan sales­ the floor at night so hungry rats in­ glamorous about boiling an egg and men. vading through the cracks in floors making toast at noon for a crippled "We didn't know who they was and walls will bite the bread instead black octogenarian after she finally and they didn't know us, and when of their children. swallows enough pride to concede they came 'round here banging on Echo House is now their friendly that "No'um, May-grit, I ain't had our doors and asking how can they island, and the people who frequent nothin' to eat since yestiddy." help us, we thought they were it know-proudly-that "them three "May-grit," a vivacious brown­ crazy or trying to make us Catho­ ladies" fight for its survival, and ette on the sunny side of 35 and lics or just maybe asking us some theirs, without leaning on the attired in a blue denim work more foolish questions which

46 Sand lap per PLEAS, By Tom Hamrick PAINT AND PERSPIRATION

Sister Dorothy (left) and Sister Maigread (right) offer educational, health and welfare services to members of Charleston's black community. limitless resource. A four-room, time-worn bunga­ low sheathed in tin siding and tented with tar paper, Echo House is no more pretentious than the dwellings and hovels which sur­ round it. It is distinguished from its neighbors only by a several-foot­ square wooden nameplate nailed to the narrow screened porch. It sits two steps away from narrow, un­ attractive Echo Street. The monthly rental is as exorbitant as that of other flimsy structures near­ by. Fifty-five dollars a month. Inside, "May-grit"-Sister Mai­ gread Conway of Waseca, Minne­ sota-and two other members of the order used pleas, paint and per­ spiration to set up their combi­ nation school, community center, health project and personalized wel• fare office. "No piece of furniture is newer than secondhand," Sister Maigread -All photos by Gary Thomas says rather proudly. It was contrib­ uted by a variety of donors and the Charleston Air Force Base. up" everything they need has Salvation Army. Walls, ceiling and "You could stick your toes become a way of life for the trio at furniture are red and white "be­ through the cracks in the wooden Echo House. Reticence is a word cause a nearby military installation floor," according to Sister Colleen long scratched from their vocabu­ gave us some of their surplus paint Waterman, an attractive dark-haired laries. in those colors." The painting was nun and nurse from Rockwell City, "This was a fine place to catch accomplished by the three nuns, as­ Iowa, who crackles with vitality. pneumonia," Sister Colleen says sisted by a bevy of volunteers of all "So we rounded up some linoleum matter-of-factly, as she winds up a faiths from a woman's club at as a floor covering." "Rounding (Continued on page 74)

December 1971 47

___ ..... History mustrated

OF THE

The slaving ship seemed to be accursed, but what happened to its human cargo?

By PETER H. WOOD

49 n a Wednesday afternoon in Decem­ and with it the prospect for increased pro­ ber 1717, Joseph Danford came duction of pitch, tar, turpentine and rice. 0 before the vice admiralty court in "Before this time," recalled The Gentle­ colonial Charles Town. The case being heard man's Magazine years later, "trade was concerned the disappearance of several in­ chiefly carried on in small coasting coming slaves from James Stevens' sloop vessels, ... but after this in large ships." This Diamond, which ran aground on James Island generalization accurately described the traffic the previous month. Colonist Danford testi­ in African labor. Negroes had of course been fied that in late November he had been "going present in the colony from its beginning in a fishing on a sandy Key at the West End of 1670, yet during the early years their ranks the Folly Island in Stono River." While there had been augmented only gradually through he had seen the body of an unknown Negro importation from the West Indies. Inter­ man washed up on the beach "and a Bald mittently since the turn of the century Caro­ Eagle Picking the Carcass." Danford 's testi­ lina vessels had visited Africa for slaves, and mony was indecisive, but his grim tableau occasionally a transatlantic slaver paused at remains an emblem of the harsh commerce in Charles Town to vend some of its cargo, but slaves which was then approaching a period of the colony's economy had not yet reached rapid growth in South Carolina. a scale which could readily absorb all At least two out of every five West Africans the laborers off a large slave ship. Later, who reached the English mainland colonies thousands would come from Africa annually between 1700 and 1775 arrived via the port on ships carrying several hundred men and of Charles Town, and throughout the 18th women. (More than 2,000 arrived in 1735, century Negroes made up a majority of the while nearly 5,000 came in 1772.) But settlement's population. Increasing interest in before 1717 the colony had only once these early slave-colonists is prompting imported more than 200 slaves in a single scholars to construct an overall picture of the year. slave trade. But even as they do so, it remains As early as the summer of 1716, when difficult to recapture vivid details from any word of the abating Indian war reached particular voyage. At least one journey, how­ London, English merchants had begun to eye ever, can be pieced together in full from the the Charles Town market with renewed same fading pages which contain Danford's tes­ interest. In September, when King George I timony. Using the admiralty court records now issued a royal proclamation against the pirates preserved at the Federal Records Center in who had been harassing shipping along the East Point, Georgia, and supplementing them Carolina coast, their hopes were further with other sources, it is possible to put together raised. A rapid slaving voyage to that region the narrative of a brigantine known as the now stood a good chance of profit. So when [flying, [fly or Fly. In 1717 this ship set out Samuel Barons, a London merchant well­ upon one of the earliest and least successful acquainted with the Carolina trade, dis­ efforts to bring slaves directly from West patched the Ludlow for Guinea at the end of Africa to Carolina. The venture proved a the month, he advised Capt. Arthur Lone to singular failure in every regard. Yet while the sell 100 slaves at Barbados and the rest in difficulties the Fly encountered were espe­ Virginia, but he also instructed the captain to cially severe, they were still quite typical in check the price of slaves in South Carolina their nature, and a reconstruction of her with his agent there. When Lone arrived off voyage can provide insight into the consider­ Charles Town bar the following spring with a able slaving trade of colonial Carolina. "Cargoe of Slaves a great many of which in all The year 1 717 marked something of a turn­ probability would have dyed if he had at­ ing point for the young colony of South tempted to go any other place," he was in­ Carolina. The War of the Spanish Succession formed that Negro laborers were in great had concluded in Europe several years before, demand. He entered the port at once and and the local conflict with the Yemassee quickly sold even the weakest Africans on Indians which had all but devastated the board. colony was now subsiding. Peace had returned If Samuel Barons was the first to turn a

50 Sand lapper The Fly might well have been anchored in pect of London's Custom House and shipping the Thames when the artist drew this pros- in 1714. From an engraving by John Harris.

profit, other English merchants might also trade goods loaded and half a dozen seamen gain from rapid slaving ventures to the rising secured. On April 5, after signing aboard market in Carolina. Even before the Ludlow William Smart as his ninth mariner at the low had sold her cargo, several more vessels were wage of one pound sterling per month, Master being readied. Among these was the Fly, a Patrick could delay no longer. Although still small and aging brigantine owned by William short several crew members, he laid in the and Stephen Patrick, Jonas Astrom and final provisions and gave orders to prepare for Francis Dickison of London. She had been departure. Before the end of the week the built in the colony of Rhode Island in the little brigantine dropped down the Thames winter of 1709 and was rated at 50 tons with the tide and spread her sails for Africa. burden. Eight years in the water had some­ Luckily, a careful inventory of the Fly still what rotted the New England timbers of her survives which provides us with detailed square stem, but Stephen Patrick had volun­ knowledge of the usual equipment aboard teered to undertake a voyage in her, provided such a slaver in the early 18th century. She he could trade privately on the side while carried several sets of square sails for her fore­ conducting his partners' business. mast and extra canvas for her taller mainmast, Patrick lacked contacts in either Guinea or including a replacement for the fore-and-aft Carolina, but the enterprise seemed promising rigged mainsail. There were several staysails enough. By the end of February he had signed and a flying jib for hard sailing and an extra on a boatswain and a carpenter, and by the main topmast if any spar should break. Spare end of March ship's papers had been drawn, blocks and lines were aboard to maintain the

December 1971 51 rigging; scrapers, scrubbers and tar brushes West African coast. The great inland empires were available to keep up the deck and hull. of the western Sudan had been located well The ship's lockers contained one harpoon and beyond the head of the river in the direction two gigs for catching fish, an adz and a from which many slaves now came, but the hatchet for working wood, and a supply of river valley itself supported a diverse cultural marlin spikes for splicing rope. A small boat tradition. An English visitor a century earlier was stowed on deck, complete with sails, for had noted that the Gambians were experi­ errands in port or disaster at sea. For naviga­ enced craftsmen, fashioning weapons and tion Capt. Patrick's own instruments (perhaps tools from metal and shoes, sandals and horse a quadrant and spyglass) were augmented bridles from leather. In the upland they only by three compasses, a stock of hour­ herded cattle and in the river marshes they glasses and several hand leads and lines for planted rice. It is not surprising, therefore, to sounding in shallow water. There were enough read in the letter book of an 18th-century tallow candles so that the crude charts and log Charles Town merchant: "No Guinea Men could be read at night. yett arrived and ... whoever is so Lucky to Armaments aboard the Fly included a gun have the first good Parcell will make a good for each member of the crew ( 13 muskets and hand of it Especially if they Should be 2 broad-muzzled blunderbusses), along with Gambias wch will fetch more than any other three pistols, two cutlasses and an ample sort." supply of bullets. There were also six small Proceeding some 20 miles upstream the deck guns, complete with carriages, gun­ sailors came in sight of James Fort, from tl:!:ckle, shot, "A Gunners Ladle," and several which flew the familiar Union Jack. The barrels of powder. In good weather, a pair of fortress had been built upon St. Andrews! bellows and a set of tongs could be used to Island in the middle of the river in 1664, make a fire, and for cooking there were shortly after an English trading company several pots and ladles, as well as a brass regained control of the outpost. In 1667 the skimmer, a gridiron and a frying pan. Table slaves being held there had risen in a desperate implements were almost nonexistent (several revolt, killing all but one of the 32-man bowls and a platter), but there was one English garrison and temporarily seizing the large pair of "steel yards" for weighing fort. But since that time it had become the the carefully rationed portions of meat. Sev­ focus of all British trade in the Gambia. eral barrels of beef were stowed in the Vessels of the Royal African Co. anchoring hold, as well as a great quantity of bread, here generally had their slaves branded on the a store of flour and several bushels of breast or shoulder with an identifying mark English peas. Fresh water, the most valuable and then stored in cramped slave houses at shipboard commodity, was kept in seven James Fort until the day of departure. They ironbound casks. These provisions, com­ were then brought naked to the ship in large bined with what could be loaded in Africa canoes. By contrast, "independent traders" or caught at sea, would have to sustain with no company connection took their well over a hundred persons for several slaves directly on board as they were pur­ months. chased. The Fly came within this latter The journey southward was a rapid one. category, as had an increasing number of Capt. Patrick pressed on sail to make up for English vessels since the end of the Royal his delayed start, and by late April he had African Co. 's monopoly almost 20 years rounded the westernmost tip of the African before. These independent or "separate" continent, site of modern Dakar, and passed traders assumed the largest risks in an always the French-held island of Goree. On May 1, risky trade. A captain had to obtain slaves 1717, the Fly sailed into the mouth of the wherever he found an African dealer and sell Gambia River. It was here, in the region of them again wherever he located an American Senegambia, that Europeans voyaging south market, most often somewhere on the fringe gained quickest access to slaves, and the broad of the vast West African-Caribbean slaving Gambia River provided white men with their world. Speed and cunning-and a good deal of deepest penetration into the well-defended luck-were the ingredients of success.

52 Sandlap per •p

------· ------'· . ,• ------TlzeEend,Juwe eacl,,,b/ tAe.E,yluh, . '- .. · .fem, Me 7,'ade,;;I' tlzu C,,ut;, a, ,vhu,4 '''I" M,rrid. ~ had ar,jy,k.

or,,"~,·d i, ,/1 ()..nmu11:,fla 'j.

Pcrgas I ; i{ank 11.Ar:,!I. /\ ~ I I ,., - - - - I 1 I Up the Gambia River I sailed the Fly until it reached James Fort, 20 / miles inland. (Part of ATLANTIC I ''A New and Correct Map of the Coast of Africa . .. , "1753, Harvard College Library.) ,o OCEAN

Explanation of our New- :MAP of the Co aft of .AFRICA &:.c ., Ilu,N~JeUknunc.wM,waL;.4:Yuut.,m,tk-Gum, Uad, 6eky- , i,y a, tkHend. z .Tlu.River Jenyal. tk-Hou:hJuwe,.FuruandFacarrie.r .reveraZ.Afiled' "f', and tkre& ayrare a!Ltk-Cunwa./e-5 tAe-u,a.r~. J .Tk..li-le ;;f'ir"uru, tk.Frendz-Aave a.rtru,y Gude.. 4-. CambtaJliver Aa.-Jomu.Eortc aml.£rland. hlo,yi,y to tAe-E,ylvh,u,m- 1""'.Y: .r=ernLFacam:u above-&>o_jlf',h tAe.Rwer; 5 azy«kr 1v,M fr "I' .rum. ,m,Me ?lurt/u~,r 6,/{re, Jl71:lT, ~ar, Janfy, Mzlfy,Eatalenda, .Baracunda,: m,d,m,,Me,,./',n,d,ffthe.iater . lky Aave tluefa~,vvy Fac­ tu,u.,-, {abaaz, Vmbun,. Ger~ia, rancruma//,.lJmroe , .lemanrm, and Yamf_amacu.nda. kc.

Immediately upon arrival the elaborate elephant tusks. The major task of purchasing trading process began at one of the numerous slaves therefore fell to Mr. Ferry, the super­ "factories" spotted along the riverbank. Each cargo. He was assisted regularly by Dr. Pory, English buyer attempted to ascertain the state the ship's surgeon, who scrutinized . each of the market in gold, ivory and slaves while captive individually. Buying several Africans concealing his best wares; the African mer­ at a time, they gradually began to acquire a chants carefully withheld their best mer­ human cargo for the Fly. chandise until they could appraise the value Once brought aboard, the men were sep­ of the ship's trade goods. At first Capt. arated from the women and all were confined Patrick concentrated somewhat heedlessly below decks except for a morning and after­ upon his private trading, bartering casks of noon meal prepared in an iron pot and served gunpowder, bottles of wine and cheap felt with a brass ladle. All the Negroes consumed hats for bits of gold and several dozen their full portions upon pain of whipping. As

December 1971 53 the cargo grew, the Fly's narrow hull became mate, assumed command, informed sources steadily more prison-like for both slavers and alerted the Fly "that the Country Negroes did enslaved. Desertion by the white sailors could Intend to rise and Come on board them that be a threat, since shrewd rivals often offered night and Cutt them off takeing advantage of higher wages or a quicker departure. Mutiny their ffew number of hands and all those Sick by intelligent and desperate captives threat­ but Two." There seemed no alternative now ened too. Not far from the Fly, aboard the but to embark upon the "middle passage" galley Ann, there was an uprising in early July across the Atlantic. On July 16, no doubt in which six slaves escaped overboard and two welcoming the excuse to depart, "they were were killed. A third danger was that of sharp obliged to Sett Sail from Gamba River reprisal from any coastal leaders who felt they haveing gott but part of their Cargoe of had been deceived, mistreated or betrayed. Negroes on board." They learned later that An item in the South Carolina Gazette from the threatened reprisal, apparently not aimed this era reported that the London ship Mary at the Fly in particular, had been carried out was "drove ashore, plundered, and destroy'd against other vessels remaining in the river. in the River Gambia, by the Natives, of which Nor did all those ships which departed fare she had a Cargo on board." well. The galley Ann, which had lost her Week after week the trading continued, captain via sickness and some Negroes via dragging through May and June and on into rebellion, left the river the next morning with July. As the weather grew hotter it was in­ fewer than 80 slaves, roughly half her quota. A evitable that sickness-the most formidable severe storm literally swept the Ann across enemy of the European slavers-would the Atlantic, and several days later she was eventually strike. Many of the English crew­ driven aground and staved to pieces on the men were being exposed to tropical diseases French island of Montserrat in the West for the first time, and finally the viruses Indies. Most of the Negroes perished in the proved fatal. Trading for slaves was inter­ surf, and of the 16 who swam to safety 4 rupted by the death of Robert Ferry, the were declared "so very much Cutt and supercargo. His assistant, Dr. Samuel Pory, Bruised comeing ashore in so great a Sea, that also died, reducing the prospect of care for they will not be fitt to Expose to sayle .... " others. Among the mariners, Joseph Hollis fell The Atlantic crossing of the Fly took seven victim along with his brother Earl. Thomas weeks from the mouth of the Gambia to the Upward also succumbed and so did his son. mouth of the Ashley. Although she weathered With more than one third of his crew dead the storm which destroyed the Ann, her and others falling sick, Capt. Patrick was longer voyage was equally disastrous. The forced to review his alternatives hastily. He novice captain had under him so few crew­ could sail for America immediately, even men-a boatswain, a carpenter and five though he hardly had enough slaves to make mariners-that he could scarcely man the the voyage a success. He could head south and vessel. And while the health of the sailors east along the coast in search of a better seems to have improved at sea, the condition market, thereby running the risk of further of the brigantine did not. Her transom and sickness, stiffer competition and a longer sternpost, which were somewhat rotten when crossing to Carolina. Or he could remain in the Fly left England, had been weakened the Gambia and hope-through some stroke further by several months in African waters, of ingenuity, ruthlessness or good fortune-to and the worm-eaten and leaky hull became complete his cargo while he still 'had sufficient the constant concern of the carpenter William crew for the Atlantic voyage. But no decision Brown, whose rudimentary equipment con­ was ever reached, for during their 11th week sisted of hammers, augers, planes and "A in the river the captain himself fell danger­ Baskett of Nailes." ously ill. On July 15 he died, though not But perhaps the largest threat to the before he had locked his few posses~ons in a completion of the voyage was posed by the sea chest which he ordered returned to very slaves upon whose survival the financial England. success of the enterprise depended. It is not Within hours after John Smith, the first clear how many captives were actually aboard

54 Sandlapper the Fly at the time of her hasty departure comer's entry into harbor, carrying with him from Africa, but more than a hundred men, the official branch which was the biblically­ women and children could have been fitted in inspired symbol of his office. As he came her hold. Even if the ship had only taken on alongside the heaving brigantine, she veered 50 slaves (a conservative estimate for more suddenly in the heavy sea and "over Sett and than two months of trading), they would have Sunk" his tiny boat. Hunt escaped drowning outnumbered the English crew by more than and seems hardly to have minded the mishap, six to one. If given too much freedom these perhaps because he was required by law to prisoners could rebel, yet if given too little wash himself and his clothes before returning they might die, so it was usually the captain from a foreign vessel. He later recovered costs with his equal interest in cargo and crew who for his boat and even accepted a commission regulated this delicate balance over the course of 10 pounds to mend some of the slaver's of a long slaving voyage. But with captain and sails. supercargo gone, the interests of the owners Some two dozen vessels were riding out the were no longer represented aboard the Fly, storm in Charles Town harbor when the Fly and for eight surviving Englishmen the black dropped anchor. They ranged from the local passengers represented little personal profit sloop Industry, rated at seven tons, to the and great personal danger. London ship King William. More than one Since captives were rarely shackled at sea third of them were destined for English ports, and since many were expert in the use of fire­ and one, the Mary of London with "174 arms and other weapons, revolt was a Elephants Teath" aboard, had come recently constant threat to the whites. In this situation from Africa. But while the harbor was thriv­ the fearful crew might well have confined the ing, the town itself lay stricken. According to prisoners so thoroughly below deck that they an Anglican missionary, "a very Wett Summer eventually died, an occurrence not unknown here had occasioned a very Sickly Fall." in this troubled trade. It is remotely possible Malaria, influenza and smallpox were all that the slaves could have died from an present in the city when Capt. Smith went epidemic or been sold in the West Indies, but ashore to petition the governor and council whatever their fate no trace of any of them "to take Charge of the Said Vessell and to Sell remained when the Fly finally reached South So much of the Stores and Utensils belonging Carolina. The sailors themselves were to her as would Satisfye their Wages." The strangely silent about the destiny of the case was referred to the vice admiralty court, Africans, and although a third party suggests but at the same time Smith remained hopeful that they "unlivered a cargoe" of sorts in that his ship might be made seaworthy before Charles Town, their books do not show the rice crop appeared in November. He enough profit to represent the cash value of a signed on several new crewmen and sent four single Negro. carpenters aboard to undertake repairs. Smith The Fly almost failed to make port at all. had just recruited a new second mate named Devoid of cargo and riding high in the water, Michael Greenham when he fell sick of a local she was scarcely a target for the pirates who fever and died on October 16. were still preying upon Carolina shipping, but The chain of command had now reached it was the height of the hurricane season when down to the boatswain, Adam Stewart. At she reached coastal waters in late August. No first, Stewart entertained thoughts of com­ boats cleared Charles Town harbor between manding a voyage to London, but on October August 29 and September 9, and when the 24, second mate Greenham put in for two Fly appeared below the port on Monday, weeks' pay and quit the ship, taking with him September 2, the weather was extremely foul. William Smart and Joseph Nash from the Disregarding quarantine regulations and the original crew. The Fly no longer seemed a intricacies of the channel, the skeleton crew safer place than the adjacent city, and in the plunged ahead over the bar. Despite the following days Stewart set about preparing a weather, Tobias Hunt, a sailmaker who case for court. On Saturday, November 9, he commanded one of the local pilot boats, put initiated the suit which brought a formal end out from town to take charge of the new- to the voyage of the Fly and involved re-

December 1971 55 The Soutb ..... w-efr JJrofpcel of Jan1-cs llla.nd on the Rivr nl'

;'/It,, .Cli'1i•1'/' 1:. f. VBL~ (,!/I ll'ltu0 t.d lv,,.A ,;11'J'l~'l'/ll(t.ft· ]<~11glin1.A41!t'1/Ull/i tit f:Cuinca' i,·J;,1d m Vt'~ 1'at'tyl't!•/11 t1h'· :}. ''''~ 11·ilt'11w1, .//;111,tf 11,.d1't111f 1,y1d,11· 1t,d!-lwtl/,,r/i,1 i,· (,dfll?ftiijf 1,,.fRo.y11 lA[ricanC om.pan;v· of F...ngl and, 1vlud1 m111mt111i1.\ 1:h Y. !It,: /1tll ,,.~ 11,i,,,(l/,j!"~ 1j ii 111rmiD'emie. //;m t~I/ rJ!l!l'~:'/;11t..'l'l1_;11;,'·k"11,, l/11,,tltN't'J !''i'd'UI ;t/>/1'!1{1/ o/1.lrr/;: 0,~,./lltdlr f,JtII. ,11;, lltl'. 'lifl1:J1l1•111J ,1-l:l 11rfally&..· Ilarra. tJ11y,/o1,1llt-J1,i,,, ,11~:,1; /,111/111r: ()/ Fonin k 5(;11.1,w11. /J/ Cumbo. f°"4lt!trlwl11_1,1~ J,11, 1 . t,/,, 1/t,,:l/1i

James Fort, as depicted in Thirty Different hut; on the right, storehouses, lime kiln, Drafts of Guinea, had, on the left, a boat smith's forge. Also on the right can be seen

corded testimony which survives to allow a and constructor of fortifications. When he reconstruction of that venture. In the manner died six years later, his enemy Gov. Nicholson of the day, the crew entered charges of libel wrote to Lord Carteret that any successor ;against the vessel and its owners, asking that should be empowered to examine Rhett's the Fly be proclaimed unseaworthy and sold accounts, and added: "I think it would have at public auction so that they might be re­ been for your Lordships Interest if he had lieved of their duties and paid their wages. dyed some years agoe & that Mr. Trott and Two famous Carolinians enter the story at his Family had not been so linked together nor this point. For better or worse the case was that he had no Publick Place or Office here." presented before Nicholas Trott, a prestigious To what extent Trott and Rhett discussed legal figure who was both the admiralty court the case is unclear, but the trial proceeded judge and the chief justice of the colony. His properly. The court first appointed "indif­ impressive compilation of South Carolina laws ferent persons to view and Survey the Hull of was at that moment being considered for the Vessell." After careening the Fly, they publication by the colonial Assembly, but he promptly declared her "so greivously Rotten was best known locally for exorbitant court and worm eaten in her Sterne post and fees and a venal outlook toward public office. bottom and otherwise out of Repair That She Since Trott heard the case, so too in a way is become altogether unfitt for the Seas." The did his relative and confidant, Col. William steep price of 1,500 pounds was estimated for Rhett, a swashbuckling patriarch whose array her repair and, on November 30, the court of lucrative offices included receiver general ordered the Fly put up for public sale by the of quit rents, vice admiral of the colonial provost marshal, Nathaniel Partridge. The navy, comptroller of His Majesty's customs following Wednesday Partridge duly auc-

56 Sandlapper ~~

-- ~ - --- =---=::~ -~...;.::._

'.:~=:_~~ ·cc------Although Col. Rhett "dyed of an Appoplix" several years later, the ties with the Trott family continued. In 1730 Judge Trott married Rhett's widow, Sarah, age 65. The sale of the Fly yielded enough to recompense such local residents as Hunt the pilot and Fairchild the butcher, to whom debts were owing. From the original crew of 15, 7 were still alive to demand wages, though only 3 remained aboard the vessel at the time of her sale. All were paid off in local cur­ rency, and several may have settled in Caro­ lina, but it is more likely that they returned to sea. For their employers, the voyage was a total loss. The 100 pounds remaining for them from the sale to merchant Rhett was placed in the hands of comptroller Rhett "per Order of the Judge." Eventually this re r of Ga1nhia . Dr:::rw·11-.17:J7. · trifling sum may have reached the owners, 0tJti:' a,,,,J,;,uyae.1. Jd·J!t,,lp'ttal ;h,m.f.11i',iw.~·j/,w/lt ;.;·.James rll:111d, and even Capt. Patrick's chest could somehow 11,1/•,,1/i y.!f ,,1tlt.,J..". !twill, tll«1111dJ ,m ,'t1,'il.l,;1t, t'/ ii.;lh,j/J,vr-,yAfbra, have been returned to relatives in London. rtl!t1ll' ljtJt!IJ, k%1vL!. (l/1 j.;yJn'/;.J;;/1'. o/ Gambia, 11,wrf'l/1i,,,1:r: l/1>1t1!t .. The slaves themselves, as we have seen, i;,,,11.4' )',11t(f,1.Maho1Hda.n.A'mu. Chrjfhfill -. ht/ 111,VI Pag·;u1 . ,w ,·,i'!t,·/ entirely disappeared, and it is doubtful that 't'{j' 71«:r. ,t tilt' h.1, ,7:, ..AJhc:m t;>I,/.. any of the Negro men and women aboard the Fly survived to leave descendants in this -Photo courtesy Harvard College Library country. Slave mortality, like the equally high mortality of white sailors, had become an one of the slave houses. The fort was com­ accepted aspect of the African trade. Fifteen pleted in 1726, nine years after the Fly's visit. or 20 people out of every 100 in a cargo were expected to die in a usual voyage to America, tioned off the brigantine and its entire although the toll could vary widely according contents, apart from the remaining perish­ to their health at the ·outset, the duration of ables-bread, beef, peas and flour-which were their confinement on the coast, the extent of sold separately. The buyer of the package for overcrowding, the treatment on shipboard the outrageously low sum of 760 pounds in and the length of the passage. But even the Carolina currency was none other than most disastrous ventures, such as that of the William Rhett. On the Monday before Fly, did little to retard the momentum of a Christmas the marshal submitted his final trade which would reach its highest peak in accounts and the case was declared closed. the ensuing decades. Impersonal forces of A week after Col. Rhett made his purchase national rivalry and economic interest deter­ the colonial Assembly, concerned that at least mined the fate of thousands of black slaves 6 out of every 10 people in the colony were and hundreds of white sailors caught up in the enslaved Negroes, passed a prohibitive duty traffic of unfree labor for the American settle­ on the further import of Africans. In the ments. Along the Atlantic coast, colonial months ahead it was William Rhett, himself a Charles Town became a focal point for this former captain in the trade, who spearheaded trade, and the story of all those who entered the successful lobby for repeal of this early America through this port can provide effort to limit slavery. Whether his brigantine challenges for any historian and fascination ever participated in the renewed trade which for every South Carolinian. brought 2,000 slaves to Carolina in the next three years cannot be discovered, but it is Peter H. Wood is a colonial American historian known that within two years he had the Fly completing his doctorate at Harvard Univer­ hard at work in the West Indian trade. sity.

December 1971 57 SANDLAPPER BOOKSHELF AUTOGRAPH PARTIES THE SECRET OF TELFAIR INN. real goose pimples to the two. What SANDLAPPER PUBLICATIONS By Idella Bodie; illustrations by they eventually found beyond that Louise Yancey. 98 pages. Sand­ wall revealed Mr. Crowe in a com­ THE SECRET OF lapper Press, Inc. $3.95. pletely different light and supplied TELFAIR INN Mr. Dunlap with the missing links Although Marcy and Phil Dunlap in his research. By Idell a Bodie had been none too happy over the This is a first full-length book for Illustrated by Louise Yancey prospects of spending the summer Mrs. Bodie, who teaches English at away from their friends in New Aiken High School. In addition to The author and illustrator will be hosted at an autograph party in Ai ken at York City, the two youngsters, the elements of adventure and shortly after arriving in Aiken with mystery in the story, the author has Aiken Office Supply & Book Shop their parents, stumbled upon a used many of Aiken's well-known 106 Park Ave. S.W., Aiken December 4 mystery that led to a summer of landmarks to good advantage. Tel­ adventure. The mystery centered fair Inn is quite obviously the his­ around crotchety old Mr. Crowe, toric old Willcox Hotel. Coker THE SOUTH CAROLINA caretaker of Telfair Inn, where the Springs, Hamburg, Sand Bar Ferry, DISPENSARY: A BOTTLE Dunlap family had an apartment and the tracks of the Best Friend of COLLECTOR'S ATLAS AND for the summer. Charleston are well-known land­ HISTORY OF THE SYSTEM While Mr. Dunlap pursued his marks. By Phillip Kenneth Huggins historical research in the local li­ Mrs. Bodie has an easy flowing brary and in surrounding areas and style of writing. Perhaps the weak­ The author will be hosted at his wife assisted Miss Pettus in the est point of the story is the some­ an autograph party at library, Marcy and Phil were busy what contrived conclusion. with their own special "research." The paucity of stories with Sandlapper Bookstore & Gallery From their first trip to the bottom South Carolina settings for middle Arcade Mall , Main St., Columbia December 4 of the ravine where ran the tracks and junior high school students will 12 noon - 4 p.m. of the Best Friend of Charleston, make this a welcome addition to there was a steady buildup of the libraries of the state.-N.B. mystery surrounding the old inn. The discovery of a vine-covered, weatherworn door in the crumbling ALSO ruins of a portion of the inn Bruce Roberts will autograph brought plans for continued in­ copies of his latest book vestigation. The mystery deepened on two THE CAROLINA GOLD RUSH successive evenings as Marcy en­ Sandlapper Bookstore & Gallery joyed the night sounds and sights Arcade Mall, Main St., Columbia from her bedroom window. Her Illustrations By LOUISE YANCEY December 4 gaze fell, the first evening, upon 12 noon - 4 p.m. two closely huddled figures moving THIS HAUNTED LAND slowly down the railroad tracks; the and following evening she caught sight GHOSTS OF THE CAROLINAS of the shadow of someone moving outside the ground floor of the old By Nancy and Bruce Roberts inn. When she relayed this infor­ mation to Phil, nothing could sat­ will also be available for isfy the curiosity of the two exc~pt autographing. an exploration into the dilapidated areas of the old inn with its "No Trespassing" signs. Here the sounds of soft crooning from what ap­ peared to be solid walls brought

58 Sand lap per veyor-cartographer who had formu­ TRICENTENNIAL BOOKLETS lated plans of defense for South DE BRAHM'S REPORT OF THE Carolina and Georgia, built Ft. A Distinguished Series of GENERAL SURVEY IN THE Loudoun in the Carolina back­ Monographs on South Caroliniana SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF country, acted as interim surveyor (Complete Series) NORTH AMERICA. (Tricentennial general of South Carolina, and Edition, Number 3.) Edited by served as one of two surveyor gen­ 1. First Settlers of South Louis De Vorsey Jr. 325 pages. Uni­ erals of Georgia-exceeded those Carolina, 1670-1680 versity of South Carolina Press. instructions. The result was a manu­ By AGNES L. BALDWIN $12.95. script that touched upon almost every conceivable topic for discus­ 2. The Partisan War: The South sion concerning the three colonies. Carolina Campaign of De Brahm possessed a great deal of 1780-1782 With the Peace of Paris of 1 763 scholarly knowledge and practical By RUSSELL F. WEIG LEY Britain's long period of benign ne­ experience. His subject matter in­ 3. Colonial Forts of South glect toward the colonies had cluded alchemy, medicine, botany, Carolina, 1670-1775 ended. Faced with a staggering war history, sociology, meteorology, By LARRY E. IVERS debt, imminent Indian problems, landform patterns, soils, land use, and a string of ungrateful and recal­ and ocean currents. He himself had 4. The First Voyage and citrant colonies, the British min­ drawn up many of the maps and Settlement at Charles Town, istry at last determined to whip fortification plans appearing in the 1670-1680 together a tightly knit, well-gov­ "Report"; his remarks on the Cher­ By JOSEPH I. WARING, M.D. erned empire. Having to come to okee and Creek Indians are based that decision, Whitehall had to upon firsthand observations; his 5. "A Most Important Epocha": pause in the face of its ignorance advice to settlers undoubtedly The Coming of the Revolution concerning not only colonies newly arises from his own experience as in South Carolina acquired in the French and Indian emigrant. By ROBERT M. WEIR War but also the older, established For the colonial historian, the 6. The Carolina Indian Frontier American colonies. Immediately, historical geographer, the ethnolo­ By DAVID H. CORKRAN the Board of Trade organized an ex­ gist, the scholar in any of the fields tensive geographic reconnaissance, he incidentally touches upon, or 7. Royal South Carolina, destined, had it not been for the the interested layman who wants to 1719-1763 American Revolution, to chart the see his state through the eyes of a By B.D. BARGAR entire British North American con­ European observer who saw it 200 tinent. years ago, De Brahm 's Report is an 8. Books and Articles on South Though the Revolution did abort invaluable historical record. De Carolina History: A List Britain's ambitious geographic pro­ Brahm 's grasp of English grammar for Laymen gram, perhaps the survey 's most is often tenuous, his spelling is cre­ By LEWIS P. JONES substantial result was a two-volume atively poor, and his punctuation 9. Folk Song in South Carolina manuscript, the "Report of the almost nonexistent. His reach often By CHARLES W. JOYNER General Survey in the Southern Dis­ exceeds his grasp and he sometimes trict of North America," which Wil­ errs in the recording of fact. How­ 10. Soldiers and Uniforms: South liam Gerard De Brahm, surveyor ever, where this colonial genius has Carolina Military Affairs, general of the Southern District, fallen short, the volume's editor 1670-1775 presented to George III in 1773. De comes forward with footnotes or By FITZHUGH McMASTER Brahm's "Report" was the first sci­ bracketed information that clarify Pub. Date: December 13, 1971 entific survey of present-day South De Brahm's obscurities or errors. Carolina, Georgia and east Florida. Louis De Vorsey Jr., himself an 11. A South Carolina Chronology The imperial government was historical geographer and head of By GEORGE C. ROGERS JR. specific and demanding in its in­ the Department of Geography at Paperbound-$1.95 per volume structions. De Brahm was to de­ Georgia, provides also a biograph­ termine latitudes and longitudes, ical introduction that illuminates At Your Preferred Bookstore chart coasts and channels, and, in De Brahm 's vivid life and a com­ general, to forward to London any prehensive bibliography. De UNIVERSITY OF observations and remarks that Vorsey's efforts, and De Brahm's, SOUTH CAROLINA would increment British knowledge provide a welcome addition to the PRESS of the country bounded by his sur­ distinguished Tricentennial Edition II vey. De Brahm-a German sur- series.

December 1971 59 A tradition with the Bill Long family is a Christmas tree made from a bare sweet gum tree wrapped with strips of cotton batting.

&4ristmas Wrrrs: trahitiottal atth

gives for house gifts. He also cooks a Christmas dinner for his students at Winthrop and the cast and crew of his plays. This year about 100 students will celebrate Christmas at Longwood Hall before they leave the campus. "One thing I try to do," Long says, "is bake bread for - All photos by Joel N ichols the supper. I time it so I open the oven door when the students arrive. The smell of fresh-baked bread is hristmas comes early and Mary Long is busy selecting pic­ the best greeting I know." stays late at Longwood tures for the Christmas card collage. Long is already working on the Hall, the home of Mr. "Every year we send about 500 traditional Della Robbia wreath • and Mrs. William I. Long cards to friends (including one col­ which hangs from the outside bal­ of Rock Hill. lege roommate of 40 years ago)," cony. The three-foot, greenery­ Bill and Mary Long begin their she says, adding, "The cards are my covered wreath laden with artificial Christmas preparations before only project. The rest belongs to fruit weighs about 7 5 pounds and is Thanksgiving because "it takes time Bill. It's his Christmas. I just go illuminated by a spotlight. to get in all the traditions which along and enjoy it." But the main Christmas tradition surround our holiday." They're Long, professor of drama at Win­ at Longwood Hall is the white right in the middle of planning now throp College in Rock Hill, uses Christmas tree, a carry-over from and the white-columned home on Christmas as an "excuse to do the Long's boyhood. Long uses a bare Ebenezer Road is filled with potted things I enjoy and want to do." He sweet gum tree for the frame. The narcissus. They '11 bloom for Christ­ indulges his cooking fancy by ma~­ boys (Billy and Bobby, both univer­ mas and "scent the house with the ing preserves and candy which, sity students) have their friends in most lovely fragrance." along with homemade bread, he and wrap the tree in strips of

60 Sand lap per cotton batting. The decorations are they came home and insisted that By Rosalie S. Spaniel mostly red ornaments, some hand­ we drape the fireplaces with ropes crafted by Billy, glass figurines and of greenery, hang ribbons from the icicles. The spotlighted tree stands chandeliers and make kissing balls, behind a white fence and is framed just as they do at Williamsburg," by red drapery. The gifts are placed Mrs. Long recalls. under the tree. The Longs' spacious home is per­ Although the white Christmas fect for their old-fashioned Christ­ tree dominates the decorations at mas. They've never regretted its Longwood Hall, Mary Long insists size, especially when Christmas on a green tree, too. "I grew up comes. "It's a joy to decorate, per­ with a green tree-an angel tree­ fect for our celebration," says and so I fix one each year for me Mary. "I don't even mind cleaning and for Laura (the Bill Longs' up, although we don't even think

ussell Cooper's Christ­ mas comes early too, but for a different reason. He thinks he invented the holiday. He gets the Christmas spirit early in December and begins to make plans for the holiday. This year he's making his own Christmas tree-or rather, resurrect­ ing the frame of one he did several years ago. Cooper would have no­ thing as prosaic and mundane as a traditional tree in his slightly off­ beat home on Marett Boulevard Extension in Rock Hill. No ever­ green has ever crossed his doorway, although a number of healthy ones grow in his front yard. "Evergreens are for the out­ doors," Cooper says. "A Christmas tree should be made of electrical conduit." And that's what his tree is made of-electrical conduit formed into a spiral tree and wrapped in green felt. Several years ago he used

December 1971 61 The tree is illuminated by 12 candles. Cooper has a reserve of 12 dozen candles (white, green and red) to get through the Christmas holidays, which means January 6. Although it's not the usual Christmas tree, the conduit frame masquerades beautifully and the candles add a traditional note. The Christmas spirit for Cooper extends beyond making his own tree and decorations, although that's his major contribution to the holiday. But as a sidelight he wraps Christmas presents-each one elabo­ rately wrapped, often in something specially designed for the receiver. reasonably traditional ornaments Above: Russell Cooper decorates It's another little service from on this same frame-satin orna­ a driftwood wall decoration Cooper, the man who thinks he in­ ments which he elaborately and with satin ornaments which vented Christmas. formerly hung on his spiral tree. imaginatively decorated. These now Below: Bill Long decorates his tree hang from a driftwood wall deco­ with icicles and traditional Rosa,lie S. Spaniel is a free-lance ration. ornaments, some handcrafted. writer from Rock Hill. This year, he's turned the con­ duit frame into a holly tree. But not a traditional one. "Holly branches belong outside," says Cooper, an assistant adminis­ trator at Yark General Hospital in Rock Hill when he isn't creating Christmas decorations. His holly tree has glassy leaves and plastic berries. The red candles which com­ plete the tree decorations are real, but they're held in electrical con­ duit. Cooper made the holly leaves by shaping wires and dipping them in plastic film. The holly berries are really small red plastic grapes, pulled from the clusters and at­ tached to the wire leaves. The holly leaves and fake candle holders are fastened to the conduit tree by green felt-wrapped wires. There are over 700 holly leaves on the 23-foot spiral tree. The leaves are trimmed with more than 230 berries.

62 Re1ne111ber what it felt like to see this for the first time? If you don't,pretend you're going to see it for the last time.

"The Kiss." Auguste Rodin's honest expression of love between a man and a woman that makes you feel a kind of grandeur for being a human being. At least that's what you felt the first time you saw it. But time has passed. You're older now. And faced with so many problems that you get exhausted just thinking about them. The war. Crime. Drugs. City squalor. Riots. Pollution. So you close your eyes and ears. And as you tum off your senses, you tum off your ability to care deeply about anything. If coping with the practical demands of your life drains you of energy and emotion, how can you replenish yourself? By taking the time to look at, listen to and understand what painters, writers and musicians have revealed as good, true and beautiful. By finding the joy that comes from exploring your skills, whether it's playing clarinet in a community orchestra, building a bookcase or learning to use a camera. All these experiences can help overcome the emotional apathy which characterizes a large part of our reactions to the pressures of day-to-day living. For Rodin's timeless state­ ment of human love to somehow be taken from us would be tragic. But for you to lose the ability to understand it would be far worse. ARTIS FOR MAN'S SAKE SUPPORT THE ARTS FOR YOUR SAKE

PR ESENTED BY T H E ARMAND HAMMER FOUNDATI ON IN COOPERATION WI TH THE B U SINESS COMM ITTEE FOR THE ARTS 1270 AVEN UE OF THE AMER ICAS, NEW YORK, N, Y, 10 0 20 EVENTS

All activities to be considered for the Calendar of Events must be sent directly to the Events Editor, Sand­ lapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, South Carolina 29202, no later than 45 days prior to the first of the month in which the activity will occur.

Southern Bell @ dance

DECEMBER 10 GREENVILLE-Memorial Auditorium-Green­ ville Civic Ballet, "The Nutcracker ." ADVENTURES IN . SOUTH CAROLINA cinema

DECEMBER ADVENTURES IN Through December 8 SOUTH CAROLINA COLUMBIA - Museum of Art- Civilization History is enlivened for youngsters Series, Wednesday Night Showings. in this new educational coloring JANUARY book published by Sandlapper Press, 13 Inc. ROCK HILL-Winthrop College-The Passion of Anna. Copies are $1.25 plus 25 cents post­ age and handling (S.C. residents add 4% sales tax.) Mail orders to . Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box n1us1c 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202.

$1.25 A PUBl..lCATION Of DECEMBER undlappe'"pa,ss.lne. 3 DUE WEST- Erskine College- Christmas Choral Concert, Erskine College Choir. 3-5 GREENVILLE-Memorial Auditorium- Singing Christmas Tree.

64 Sandlapper 4 Through December 30 CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium-Mari­ COLUMBIA-Havens Gallery-Walter Palmer lyn Curry, Violinist. and Jim Palmer Show. 5 Through January 31 GREENVILLE-Furman University-Messiah COLUMBIA-Jefferson Square Theatre-Lucile Concert. Tychsen, One-man Show. 22 4-23 PARRIS ISLAND-Annual Marine Corps Band FLORENCE-Museum of Art-Ceramics by Christmas Concert. Tom Turner. JANUARY 5-23 9-10 WEST COLUMBIA-Sandlapper Gallery-Gil GREENVILLE-Furman University-Lillian Petroff, One-man Show. RESIDENTIAL Kallir, Pianist. 5-January 2 13 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Paintings by ROCK HILL-Winthrop College-Columbia Augusta 0 . Petressin. SALES AND RENTALS String Quartet with Elda Franklin, Viola. COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Paintings and 14-15 Drawings by David Freeman. GREENVILLE-Furman University-Stage 8-29 COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES Band Clinic. COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-104th Annual American Watercolor Society Exhibit. Member of JANUARY Multiple 6-23 theatre COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Springs Mills Listing Traveling Art Show. Service 8-February 13 DECEMBER FLORENCE-Museum of Art-Jim Howard and 1400 Laurens Road 1-4, 8-11 Ron Porter, Paintings, and Corrie McCallum, Box 8244 - Station A CHARLESTON-Dock Street Theatre-Plaza Prints. Phone 803 - 239- 1346 Suite. 9-28 Greenville, South Carolina 29607 2-4, 7-11 WEST COLUMBIA-Sandlapper Gallery­ GREENVILLE-Furman University Playhouse Marcus R. Durlach, One-man Show. '72-Juno and the Paycock. 9-February 6 3-5 Columbia-Museum of Art-Jerry Bosch, One- GREENVILLE-Greenville Little Theatre- man Show. You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. 15-February 13 8-9 COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-Contemporary GAS FIRED SPARTANBURG-Wofford College-One-act Finnish Design Show. PORTABLE Play, Wofford Theatre Workshop. 10 INFRA-RED DUE WEST-Erskine College-Exiles in the tours House, National Humanities Series. HEATERS JANUARY 12,000 BTU $35.00 13 DECEMBER 24,000 BTU $55.00 CHARLESTON-Municipal Auditorium­ 9 Company. SUMTER-Sumter Council of Garden Oubs, Holiday House Tour. 18-19 GEORGETOWN-Winyah Academy-Candle­

art light Christmas Homes Tour. Tank

DECEMBER Through December 1 111iscellaneous COLUMBIA-Museum of Art-"ln Search of a New Aesthetic," Seven Washington, D.C., Artists. DECEMBER Through December 11 Through December 19 A limited number of these heaters are available at substantially re­ DUE WEST-Erskine College-Anderson Art COLUMBIA-Science Museum Planetarium­ duced prices through Dept. H, Association Exhibition. Star of Bethlehem Show. Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box Through December 17 3-4 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. GREENVILLE-Furman University-Pottery GREENVILLE-Textile Hall-Holiday Fair, A by Don Lewis. Community Bazaar.

December 1971 65 .:.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ·~ (Continued from page 7) 2. Dr. James MacFadden Gaston graduated from the Medical School I ·f Palmetto Quiz j in Charleston, South Carolina, in .;. + 1846 . •:••:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:u:••:u:••:••:u:u:u:u:u:••:•:••:u:••:••:u:u:•:u:•:•:••!••:u:u:••:••:•:•::: :••.•.• .. •.• ••• •.••J..t..--: For further confirmation you Herewith a short tale, with apologies to history, needing only the names may review the matter with: [ The of 15 South Carolina towns to complete the picture. author supplies a list of eight addi­ tional sources. Ed.] And a host of "Henry, you slob," said Anne Boleyn, "how many times have I told others. Should I continue? you to use your ( 1 ). And while we're on the subject, a ( 2 ) wouldn't I am sure the results will make hurt matters." our friends from the University of "Woman," Henry answered, "how many times have I told you the Pennsylvania look like a most un­ English ( 3 ) does as he ( 4 ). ( 5) mind to seek my ( 6 ) dignified group of, I suppose, from this ( 7 ) and find a woman with a less sharp tongue." "modern educators," vagrant ideas "Can't be done," said Anne, "and besides, wouldn't be ( 8 ) if it with no visible means of support, could." for their unkind, untrue, un­ "Can be done," said Henry,"( 9 )." Then, pausing ( 10 ) as he founded, and undue comments re­ left the queen, her mouth forming a large ( 11 ), he added, "Good garding the Gaston of my article. ( 12 )." I do not write historical fic­ And so it was. Never a ( 13 ), Anne was the ( 14 ) of the show, tion ... not even for the University until she lost her head. It was one of the ( 15 ) of history. of Pennsylvania! E.S. James Sao Paulo, Brazil

I am in possession of a carbon copy of a letter to you of Sep­ tember 30, 1971, written by Mr. E. S. James. This relates to the medical education of the Gaston family of South Carolina. I would GIL PETROFF 3-6 I One-man Show SPARTANBURG-The Christian Drama Group like to call your attention to my ,11 Performs the York Nativity Play on a Med­ book Gaston of Chester privately December 5-23 ieval Pageant Wagon in Locations all over published in 1956. On page 123 I the City. reference is made to the Catalog of 4-5 Medical College of South Carolina CHARLESTON-Manigault House-Display of (Charleston, 1846) listing Dr. James Georgian Period Christmas Decorations. McFadden Gaston as an M.D. His 5 thesis was "Mind as Influencing the NORTH MYRTLE BEACH-Annual Jaycee In­ Body." You will note on page 120 vitational Golf Tournament. 5-27 that his father, Dr. John Brown WILLIAMSTON-Christmas Park Displays. Gaston, obtained his medical degree 11-12 from the University of Pennsyl­ vania. Reference is made to Catalog A reception FLORENCE-Holiday Houses-Florence Coun­ cil of Garden Qubs. of the Alumni of the Medical De­ will honor the artist 12 partment, University of Pennsyl­ on December 5 COLUMBIA-Fairgrounds-Columbia Kennel vania, 1 765-1877 (Philadelphia, 2- 6 p.m. Qub Dog Show and Obedience Trial. 1877), page 64. His thesis was "Pur­ SANDLAPPER GALLERY 24-January 1 gatives." MYRTLE BEACH-Grand Strand Christmas U.S. 378 There are earlier and later medi­ Festival-Messiah Concert, Christmas House W. COLUMBIA, S.C. Tours, and Golf Tournaments. cal degrees in this Gaston family P.O. BOX 1668 28-29 but I trust the above will clear up COLUMBIA, S.C. 29202 GREENVILLE-Memorial Auditorium-Poin­ the current issue. settia Basketball Oassic. TELEPHONE JANUARY Chalmers Gaston Davidson Director (803) 796-2686 14-16 GREENVILLE-Textile Hall-Greenville Auto­ Library of Davidson College rama. Davidson, North Carolina

66 Sand lap per When Simplicity by Dan Rottenberg becomes greatness It's hard for me to write about Fiddler on the Roof with their sense of humor to maintain their sanity, and they the usual critical detachment. Cold-hearted cynic though I needed their traditions to maintain their identity. (Indeed, usually am, before the film was two minutes old I was it might be said that the greater the oppression, the better bawling my eyes out at the thought that my pathetic developed the sense of humor among the oppressed, which ancestors in God-forsaken places like Suwalki and Zbarazh may explain why you hear a great deal about Jewish, Irish, and Berezdiv were now being glorified in breathtaking color black and Czech humor but very little about British or and stereophonic sound as the noblest of people. German humor.) The Jews have been dodging the would-be But of course, that is probably the point of Norman saviors of the world longer than anyone else, which Jewlson's new film, and of the fabulously successful probably explains their success at survival and the impor­ Broadway musical from which it is taken, and of the tance they place on l'chaim (life). But the appeal of Sholom Sholom Aleichem stories from which the play was taken: Aleichem's tales isn't limited only to Jews, for every society that our definitions of "pathetic" and "great"- not to since time began has had its self-styled heroes jumping on mention "God-forsaken"-are all wrong. That the simple soap boxes to declare that we must retake Jerusalem from person who can adhere to a code of ethics and stay alive at the Turks or burn witches at the stake or vindicate our the same time- and keep his sense of humor about it all-is national honor or expose Africans and Asians to the far greater than anyone who commands armies or leads wonders of Western civilization. The arrival of such big nations into war. thinkers is usually the signal for the rest of us to head for For the moment, that definition is a minority opinion. the storm cellar, and not all of us survive. Sholom My edition of Webster's Biographical Dictionary devotes Aleichem's stories provide some insight-charming and just four lines to Sholom Aleichem; Jesus Christ himself delightful insight-into one group of people that did rates only 54. Yet the book lavishes 69 lines on Oliver manage to survive. Cromwell and fully 150 on Napoleon. Even movies, in But it wasn't until the creation of Fiddler on the Roof the past, have been regarded as "great" only if they that the gist of his stories was wrapped up into one neat, showed thousands of extras storming the Winter Palace entertaining package, complete with music suitable for or sacking Atlanta. Fiddler on the Roof may change humming on the way out of the theatre or for playing at all that. weddings and bar mitzvahs. That the show was a smashing As explained by Tevye, the poor dairy farmer and success in New York, with its large Jewish population, was protagonist of the story, each of the Jews in the village of not especially surprising. But it has now run longer than Anatevka is like the fiddler on the roof-"trying to scratch any show in Broadway history, has been acclaimed in out a pleasant, simple tune without breaking his neck." dozens of countries around the world, and has played That these simple people and their ancestors and descend­ across the United States to packed houses in places like ants have survived in such a precarious position while their Tulsa and Indianapolis- hardly centers of the Diaspora. persecutors-from the Babylonians and Persians to the Clearly, here was a piece of theatre that struck a broad Czars and Nazis-have been wiped off the earth without a responsive chord without regard to national, ethnic or trace suggests that greatness is simplicity and vice versa. religious barriers. Whether Sholom Aleichem sought to make such a point One approaches the film version of such a work with when he set down his tales of Jewish life in Czarist Russia trepidation. Aside from My Fair Lady, I can think of no remains to be seen. Sholom Aleichem is generally looked previous movie musical that struck me as an improvement upon as a humorist who captured the spirit of his people by upon its stage version. In fact, I try to avoid such poking gentle fun at them. On the surface, his characters comparisons because they are inherently unfair; one's were anything but noble; frequently they were buffoons. His second version of anything, be it book, play, movie or TV "Wise Men of Chelrn," for example, were in fact scholarly show, is likely to be a disappointment. But comparisons are idiots who consumed hours in futile debates over non­ inevitable, so before I go any further let me say that the sensical points, and their rabbi was the biggest idiot of all. film version is a masterpiece-as music, as art, as entertain­ In one story, the wise men seek out the rabbi to resolve a ment, as a portrait of Jewish culture at a particular time, dispute as to which is more important, the sun or the and as an evocation of the human spirit for all time. moon. After pondering the question with much gravity, the Where the villagers of Anatevka were presented on stage rabbi solemnly replies, "The moon is more important, as broad caricatures of 19th-century Jewish shtetl types, because it gives us light at night, whereas the sun shines the film gives us real flesh-and-blood people, and the during the day, when there is no need for it whatever." camera takes us right in among them where we can mingle But the staying power of Sholom Aleichem's work and become a part of their way of life. "Realism" may not indicates, of course, that there is more to it than just a be the best approach to the tales of Sholom Aleichem, but collection of funny stories. Driven from town to town and producer-director Jewison has embraced his conception so country to country, Sholom Aleichem's people needed thoroughly and brilliantly that the film version of Fiddler

December 1971 67 on the Roof makes the stage version look like a night club because he's not an actor on stage but a poor farmer out in skit: There is simply no comparison between the two. And the village . After a while you forget the actor's name ; he's I say that as someone who counts the stage version among simply Tevye. the best theatre I've seen. The net effect of Topol's performance and the script Of course it's a shame that much of the musical's changes is to convert a set of simple folk tales into buffoonery and fun-poking humor has been sacrificed in flesh-and-blood drama. That's an incredible achievement, the quest for realism, for Jewison's version tends to exalt because musicals aren't supposed to be realistic. Everybody the villagers more than they deserve. In one sequence of the knows that no one in Iowa goes strutting up Main Street stage version, for example, the audience is told of a farmer singing, "We got trouble right here in River City." Yet the who sold a mule to another man but said that the animal film Fiddler never asks us to suspend our disbelief, as most was a horse. This is patently absurd - how could anyone musicals do; the songs are presented in such a natural mistake a mule for a horse? - but the audience accepts it context that there's no need to. because it's in keeping with the spirit of simpleminded You get the feeling that Jewison is shooting for all the nonsense pervading the village. On screen, the story has marbles in this one, that he has told himself, "No more been changed: We are told that the farmer sold a horse that superficial garbage like In the Heat of the Night, no more was 12 years old while assuring the buyer that the ani­ heavyhanded thigh-slappers like The Russians are Coming. mal was only six . This is more realistic, but it isn't This time I'll make a film that will last." That's quite a especially funny. gamble. Most filmmakers who aim for the stars are tripped Similarly, early in the film I was annoyed by the up by their own pretensions. But in this case, J ewison's excision of what I considered some of the best comic lines gamble has paid off; he has indeed made a lasting work, and in the stage version (for example, the beggar who, unhappy if he wishes he can sit on his duff for the rest of his life with his latest weekly dole, tells his benefactor, "So, if you secure in the knowledge that at least one of his works will had a bad week, why should I suffer? "). And I was endure. annoyed by the overdose of pathos Topol seemed to be It is not, of course, "a film by Norman Jewison," as injecting into the role of Tevye. I found myself thinking, directors like to say in the opening credits these days. It's a "Why didn't Jewison do it right and get Zero Mostel to play film combining the creative ideas and music of a dozen Tevye, instead of fooling around with this Israeli?" But I different people who were molding Fiddler back in the days soon reversed myself. Zero Mostel will always be Zero when Jewison was concentrating on Doris Day vehicles like Mostel; Tevye is simply one of his roles. Topol, on the The Thrill of it All. What Jewison brings to this film, I other hand, is Tevye, and if he takes himself a bit too think, is the perspective of an outsider. His name notwith­ seriously and doesn't play very hard for the laughs, that's standing, Jewison is not Jewish ; a press release informs us

(NOTE: The bold face letter following each ting, thrilling, and above all intelligent film , interesting nevertheless. From the book by film is the classification given to the film by the loaded with ironic twists and food for thought. Glendon Swarthout. GP motion picture industry. These ratings don't Fine performances by Connery, Martin Balsam, always make sense, but most theatre managers Alan King and Christopher Walker; with Dyan BLUE WATER, WHITE DEATH-Docu­ abide by them. G denotes open to all ages; GP, Cannon. Sidney Lu met directed. GP mentary tracing the 12,000-mile journey of a crew open to all but parental discretion is advised; R, of underwater photographers in search of the those under 17 must be accompanied by an adult; BILLY JACK-A propaganda vehicle for the great white shark, most dangerous of the shark X no one admitted under age 17.-0.R.) " repressed youth and oppressed minorities" family. Several incredible close-up sequences of bunch. The action takes place at a " freedom sharks in action make the film worth seeing, but ADIOS SABATA-Violence for the sake of school" on an Arizona Indian reservation where there isn't enough to justify a full-length feature; violence in Maximilian's Mexico; I counted 104 kids of all races, creeds, etc., create their own the film is padded with a lot of self-conscious con­ on-screen killings. The producer and director, un­ Utopia. But the kids are disliked by the nearby versation and theatrical gimmicks (like the inclu­ fortunately, survived. With Yul Brynner. GP townspeople, who seem to live for nothing but sion of a folk singer in the ship's crew) that detract the perpetration of Injustice with a capital I. Only from the stark reality of the film's theme. Peter ADRIFT-A beautiful and imaginative film, thing that prevents them from looting and burn­ Gimbel and James Lipscomb directed. G despite !he fact that its title might well apply to ing the school is Billy Jack, a one-man half-breed audiences leaving the theatre. A poor fisherman justice dispenser who bounces bullets off his CARNAL KNOWLEDGE-Jack Nicholson and (Rade Markovic) rescues an exquisitely beautiful chest and spends his spare time cozying up with Arthur Garfunkel are familiar 1950-era college girl (Paula Pritchett) from near-drowning in the rattlesnakes. Time after time, the pacifists at the types: Amherst roommates obsessed with sex and Danube; she comes to live with him and his school beg Billy to turn the other cheek to the especially-remember the values of the attractive wife (Milena Dravic). By the sheer force townspeople's evil deeds-unlike the audience, 'SOsl-'' large breasts." When the story jumps for­ of her grace and beauty the girl gains a psycholo­ which is dying to see him whomp the evildoers. ward-first to the early 1960s, then to the gical edge over both husband and wife. The hus­ Billy generally obliges the audience, thereby present-we find them still laboring under the old band, exposed to a succession of temptations he is getting into lots of trouble. The good guys are too obsessions but less able to suit their thoughts to incapable of withstanding, loses both girl and good in this film, the bad guys are too bad, and actions. More important, they're still unsuccess­ wife. But does the girl in fact exist anywhere but in eveything-good and bad-happens too easily. A fully groping for meaningful relationships with the husband's imagination? Since all but the first shame, because the film does manage to plant the opposite sex; their knowledge of women, as few minutes of the film take place in the hus­ some insight into free-form schools and the moti­ the title suggests, has been solely carnal. A band's mind, the audience must draw its own con­ vations of the young. With Tom Laughlin and memorable film , not because it says anything clusions. His flashbacks are skilfully pieced toge­ Delores Taylor; she directed. GP new-it doesn't-but because it says it better. ther by director Jan Kadar in a series of hauntingly Mike Nichols directed, from Jules Feiffers screen­ beautiful scenes. Czech, with English subtitles. R BLESS THE BEASTS AND CHILDREN-Six play; with Candice Bergen, Ann-Margret. X teenage boys from troubled homes, misfits in a THE ANDERSON TAPES-In today's bugged summer camp for he-man cowboys, sneak off CLAIRE'S KNEE-Eric Rohmer's adult, intelli­ society, can an ex-con pull off an old-fashioned from the camp to free a herd of buffalo from a pre­ gent examination of the forces that attract men burglary of a New York luxury apartment build­ serve where the animals are to be shot. Before and women to each other suggests that what is un­ ing? Sean Connery shows that it can be done-al­ anyone can offer the boys tea and sympathy, attainable is desirable and vice versa, despite the most-despite the fact that everyone he comes in producer-director Stanley Kramer serves up gobs protestations of the central figure (Jean-Claude contact with is either a political activist, Malia of heavy-handed symbolism and hackneyed flash­ Brialy) to the contrary. As in My Night at Maud's, operative or kept woman, and hence is subject to backs and not very subtly invites us to embrace the characters develop through fascinating dia­ some kind of electronic surveillance. A fascina- the boys' values. Pretentious nonsense ; logue rather than actions. The trouble with

68 Sandlapper that in preparation for this film he spent three weeks at the how will they affect the community itself? Jewish Theological Seminary in New York, "steeping These are questions asked by every parent in every age. himself in Jewish lore." They are especially important to Tevye because his com­ He emerged, apparently, with a reverence for many of munity is under siege-indeed, has been under siege for the nuances of Jewish culture that Jews themselves take for thousands of years. And if tradition seems at times to weigh granted : the ritual of the Sabbath and the wedding heavily on his shoulders, it is also the source of the hope ceremony, the humane treatment of animals (when Tevye's and inspiration that give Tevye and his neighbors the horse pulls up lame, Tevye pulls the milk wagon himself), strength to go on . No armchair debates about "priorities" the separation of the sexes in adolescence, the stricture here; in Anatevka, survival is the first priority, and the against any kind of work on the Sabbath, the high esteem rewards are to be enjoyed by future generations when the in which learning and learned people are held. Jewison Messiah (disguised as Norman Jewison?) comes. But like a captures it all, as well as the superstitions and backward basketball team that hasn't won a game in years, the customs (the subjugation of women, for example) that are Anatevka Jews have learned to laugh at their predicament. the price a culture pays for its traditions. They can take persecution because it's something to which The Fiddler story itself is deceptively simple. It's an they've grown accustomed. They roll with the punches, and Eastern European Our Town, seen through the eyes of a they refuse to count themselves out no matter how many poor farmer who accepts his God-given status in life but not times they are knocked down . And so they survive. without occasionally needling his Creator about the imper­ That's what I think Fiddler is all about: survival. The fections in His work . Among the Jews of Anatevka, Hellstrom Chronicle tells us mankind is doomed to extinc­ everyone's role is carefully dictated by tradition, an tion because humans are incapable of adapting, as insects arrangement which is necessary if their culture is to survive do. But Fiddler suggests that people can adapt and survive, in an age of pogroms and official harassment. But how did and that they can do it without reducing themselves to the traditions evolve, and when is it necessary to change automatons. Fiddler, of course, deals with the survival of a them? These are questions the villagers don't ask: They are culture rather than a species, but the lesson remains the merely the footsoldiers of the faith . The questions are same : The meek shall inherit the earth. And if playing a forced upon Tevye because, in rapid succession, three of his fiddle on the roof is a difficult task, creating a 70-milli­ daughters defy tradition: The eldest rejects the husband meter celebration of meekness is no mean feat, either. With chosen for her by a matchmaker, the second runs off with a a little help from Sholom Aleichem, Joseph Stein, Jerry Socialist, the third marries a Gentile. How far should a Bock, Sheldon Harnick, Jerome Robbins and the Jewish parent bend? Where should he draw the line? How will Theological Seminary, that is exactly what Norman Jewison his decisions affect his standing in the community? Indeed, has done.

Roh me r's films, at least for American audiences, is But the characters' actions are insufficiently Sheldon Harnick, respectively. A masterpiece; en­ that there is so much talk (in French) that you motivated and too much of the dialogue is hack­ tertaining, yes, but also a profound statement spend the entire film reading subtitles; in Claire's neyed, especially for a film that relies so heavily about mankind's ability to adjust and endure in Knee, that means you may miss much of the foot­ on conversation to convey the story. Stacy Keach the face of hardship. With Norma Crane; based age of Lake Annecy in the French Alps, one of the plays the title role; Faye Dunaway is Kate Elder on the stories of Sholom Aleichem. G world's most lovely spots. GP and Harris Yulin is Wyatt Earp. Frank Perry directed. R FOOLS' PARADE-Remember the 1940s, THE CLOWNS-Director Federico Fellini, on when James Stewart was everybody ' s screen, seeks out the great circus clowns of his DRIVE, HE SAID-The best thing about this All-American guy, battling evil bankers and cor­ youth-now aged and retired-in an attempt to film is its evocation of Middle-American basket­ rupt politicians to keep his town decent/ Well, recapture his lost sense of wonder. A series of ball culture; William Tepper plays a college star here it is 1971 and, what with the boom in flashbacks and circus tableaux suggests that who finds it increasingly difficult to take the game nostalgia, Stewart has been plunked back in the people are funnier outside the circus tent than in, seriously, and you're likely to feel the same way as same old role in a film that might as well have that the clowns mirror life, and that maybe they the film progresses. But Drive's other been made 25 years ago. He plays an ex-con who were never really as funny as we thought. For elements-the campus radical-drug ambiance saves up $25,000 over 40 years in prison, only to once, Fellini is far behind his audience: long after and Tepper's affair with Karen Black-are largely emerge in West Virginia in 1935, when everyone is the last spectator has grasped these themes, Fellini an exercise in tedium. And Miss Black, whether starving and , consequently , after his is still straining to drive them home. That would be she's pouting or shrieking, looks like something money-most notable, a religious fanatic of a law­ all right if, as in Fellini's other films, you could out of a Li 'I Abner strip. Jack Nicholson directed; man, played by George Kennedy. The deliber­ simply abandon yourself to the joy of his visual with Michael Margotta, Bruce Dern. R ately exaggerated characterizations make a color­ imagery. But except for some brilliant and delight­ ful film , and the '30s atmosphere is captured well, ful early scenes, Clowns is preoccupied with its FIDDLER ON THE ROOF-Producer-director but for all that, you can't help wondering why the message at the expense of everything else. Result : Norman Jewison has achieved a rare and remark­ film was made at all when they could have simply A boring film, almost as pathetic as the figures it able feat: He has captured the flesh-and-blood revived Magic Town or It's a Wonderful Life in­ portrays. In Italian, with English subtitles. G flavor of Jewish village life in 19th-century Russia stead. Andrew Mclaglen directed. GP without sacrificing the warmth, humor and dra­ DEATH IN VENICE-Dirk Bogarde is a com­ matic license of the Broadway musical. As Tevye, FORTUNE AND MEN'S EYES-An eyes-open poser whose rigid concepts of beauty and art are the poor dairy farmer who clings to his traditions look at prison life that should not be missed. A shattered when he visits cosmopolitan Venice amid a changing world, Israeli actor Topol plays clean-cut-maybe a little too clean-cut-youth (1911) and becomes infatuated at a distance with a more for pathos than for laughs, and he succeeds (Wendell Burton), jailed on a marijuana charge, is beautiful young boy. Luchino Visconti gives us a so well that even the most devoted Fiddler fan exploited, degraded and finally corrupted by his rich period piece and an artful and sensitive por­ may concede that the film dwarfs the stage ver­ jailers and his fellow inmates as well. A powerful trayal of the conflicts of the mind and the senses sion for emotional impact and as a memorable ex­ yet realistic and believable film that leaves little and the insulation of the upper classes fom reality. perience. Jewison has pulled out all the stops in doubt as to whether reformatories reform. Not From the Thomas Mann novel. GP this one, giving us a succession of rich scenes, for the squeamish-yet it's the refusal of photography that puts the viewer in the middle of squeamish people to face such subjects that gives DOC-Careful attention to period detail and the action in a manner that could never be rise to conditions that create the need for films an adult approach to the Old West make this a achieved on stage; choreography by Jerome Rob­ like this one. From John Herbert's play; Harvey generally satisfying portrait of gunfighter John bins and even violin solos by Isaac Stern in the Hart directed. R ~ Doc- Holliday and the events leading to the gun­ course of three hours. Plus, of course, the fight at the O.K. Corral in Tombstone, Arizona. well-known music and lyrics of Jerry Bock and FRIENDS-A 15-year-old boy and a

December 1971 69 14-year-old girl, both outcasts in their families, is made a scapegoat for municipal graft. Knotts Argentine island; we soon learn that this is no run off together to the south of France, where can be very funny when he's trying to get change ordinary lighthouse when a clipper ship arrives, they spend a lot of time prancing through the out of his pocket with his fingers stuck in a bowl­ manned by a totally despicable crew led by Yul fields in slow motion. And you'll never guess what ing ball, but that's not enough to sustain a Brynner, who is endowed with an ability to read else they start doing after an hour of flute music, full -length film . He'd be ideal in supporting roles people's minds and an obsession with snuffing soft-focus sunsets, and herons circling in the sky. (as he was on the old Steve Allen TV show), but out the lighthouse beacon. But in the subsequent Sean Bury and Aimee Alvina are charming every film that's been built around him so far has encounter the satanic Brynner seems pretty much enough as the young lovers, but they don't stand a been a tiresome disaster. This one's no ex­ like every other bad guy who ever got blasted in a chance amid the sentimental gook that director ception. G Kirk Douglas shoot-'em-up. With Samantha lewis Gilbert splatters all over them. R Eggar; Kevin Billington directed, from Jules JOHNNY GOT HIS GUN-An American Verne's novel. GP THE GO-BETWEEN-A rich period piece soldier in World War I, victim of an exploding examining the British class system in " turn of the shell, is reduced to a faceless, limbless being. This THE LOVE MACHINE-Dull, sterile account century" England. Dominic Guard is the anti-war film traces his perceptions, flashbacks of the rise and fall , or something, of a TV exec. 13-year-old guest at a wealthy country estate, and fantasies as he lies in an Army hospital with no Typical dialog : " Second-rate performers are an where in one luxurious summer month he gets his conception of time or space. What emerges is for asset to us : Our audience is second-rate." 'Nuff first taste of the life of the idle rich; also his first the most part tedious, preachy, pretentious and said. With John Philip law. R exposure to love and sex as the emissary between heavy handed-but not without some genuinely a free-spirited daughter of the household (Julie moving moments, especially at the end when the THE MARRIAGE OF A YOUNG STOCK­ Christie) and her tenant farmer lover (Alan Bates). boy tries desperately to communicate with his BROKER-Richard Benjamin plays-surprisel-a Some 50 years later, the boy grown up is again handlers. Author-director Dalton Trumbo has set young stockbroker who has trouble communi­ called upon to play his emissary role to pick up the his sights high, but the hill was too steep. Or as cating meaningfully with people, especially his pieces of the original affair. Harold Pinter's admir­ Erich Segal might have put it," What can you say wife; he prefers voyeurism to involvement. So his ably understated screenplay, good performances about a 20-year-old boy who got blown upr wife leaves him and he tries fitfully to win her back by all concerned and engrossing direction by Timothy Bottoms is the GI ; with Kathy Fields, from the clutches of her domineering sister. A few Joseph Losey will help you overlook the thinness Jason Robards, Diane Varsi. R funny scenes don't justify this pointless film ; it's of the story. With Margaret Leighton, Michael difficult to empathize with any of the characters Redgrave. GP KLUTE-Donald Sutherland plays Klute, a or to understand why stockbroking is necessarily small-town cop who comes to New York to look inhibiting, as the film assumes. With Joanna THE HELLSTROM CHRONICLE-A fascin­ for a missing friend suspected of murder. Klute is Shimkus, Elizabeth Ashley; Lawrence Turman ating documentary presenting a chilling thesis: a dull, unassuming guy who wears baggy blue directed. R That insects will be around long after man has suits and is totally out of place in the hip world of destroyed himself, and there's no way of stopping drugs, models, whores and rock culture into McCABE AND MRS. MILLER-While you're them. Outstanding close-up photography of ants, which he's thrown. Yet his very dullness makes sitting in your seat reflecting that there's a heck of spiders, wasps, bees, termites, mosquitoes and in­ him something special amid this milieu, and his a lot of nothing happening on screen, this stylized sect-eating plants in action, mixed with glimpses adherence to his innocent values allows him to Western is unerringly working its way into a of mankind's foibles, convincingly builds the in­ outsmart the slick but superficial people with permanent place in your psyche-a haunting por­ credible notion that insects have all of the whom he comes in contact. It also wins him the trait of human beings, hardened by frontier life, stengths and none of the weaknesses of people. affection and trust of cynical call-girl Jane Fonda, uncertainly groping to reach each other and make And there are some explicit sex scenes that should who turns in a bravura performance. Despite something of themselves in a tiny Washington go over big with insect fetishists. The didactic style draggy moments, this is often a fascinating, adult State village, circa 1900. Warren Beatty is the smart of the fictitious Professor Hellstrom(played by psychological twist of the old story about the opportunist who seeks to cash in on the town's Lawrence Pressman) becomes tiresome after a bit, small-town boy outslicking the city slickers; it's a growth by building a saloon and bawdy house; but no matter: The film is a rare work anc! fairly good murder-suspense mystery, too. Alan Julie Christie is the madam who's just a bit smarter shouldn't be missed. Wal on Green directed. G Pakula directed. R and a bit more of an opportunist than he. The film's emphasis on capturing the flavor of an era HISTORY OF THE BLUE MOVIE-Here it is, THE LAST RUN-Thee are some interesting rather than on a story line follows the best tradi­ folks-hard-core pornography. And happily, it's and touching moments in this tale of a mid­ tion of The Cincinnati Kid and The Night They presented in a context that mature adults of both dle-aged ex-mobster who's hired to drive a geta­ Raided Minsky's. Fine performances by both sexes can enjoy and perhaps even learn some­ way car for a brash young escaped convict and his leads, although the dialog is often (and sometimes thing from. Complete reels of 8 mm stag films girl friend . There' s also the usual fine deliberately) hard to understand. Robert Altman over the years are shown, accompanied by performance from George C. Scott as the directed. R silent-movie music and a commentary that tries to old-time hood who grows to realize that his pas­ maintain a light touch. The films themselves aren't sengers are the only family he has. And there are THE MUSIC LOVERS-Ken Russell ' s especially funny (with one exception), though, nice scenic snatches of Portugal, Spain and south­ tour-de-force about Tchaikovsky passes the and the whole thing bogs down toward the end ern France, where the action takes place. But supreme test of a film biography: Even if its when producer Alex de Renzy starts plugging his that's about it. The story takes too long to develop characters were fictitious, it would still be fas­ own recent quasi-pornographic works. X and, when it does, isn 't worth the wait. With Tony cinating and compelling. With brilliant cutting Musante, Trish Van Devere, Colleen Dewhurst; and juxtaposition of scenes and images against the HONKY-An interracial love story that's an Richard Fleischer directed. R background of Tchaikovsky's music, Russell takes unintentional parody of the current crop of us on a highly personal magical mystery tour in­ young-love films . Where most current screen LAWMAN-Sheriff Burt Lancaster journeys side the mind of an artist who is at once inspired young-lovers prance in slow motion through far from his home in pursuit of cattle baron lee J. and stifled by the abnormalities of the people in fields of clover, Brenda Sykes (black) and John Cobb and five of his men who shot up Lancaster's his life. The film especially focuses on Tchaikov­ Neilson (white) do their slow-motion prancing in town months before. You can almost forgive the sky's struggle to repress his homosexual tenden­ the stockyards; where other couples save up to cliches, simplistic dialog , bad acting, stock char­ cies, and it does so tastefully for the most part. get married, this pair pools resources for a acters and poorly motivated actions in this film for Well played by Richard Chamberlain; with package of pot. For a race-exploitation film , the occasional novel twists in the story and for its Glenda Jackson. R Honky handles the racial angle with admirable re­ snatches of humanity-especially in the perform­ straint and a minimum of pandering to the audi­ ance of Cobb, who for once gives us a totally be­ THE OMEGA MAN-Charlton Heston does ence. But for the most part it's pointless and direc­ lievable and even sympathetic Western villain : a the " last man on earth" bit, and director Boris tionless, and the end seems to have been devised man of basically good intentions who is blinded Sagal milks it for more than it's worth, sophomoric solely because director William Graham and his by his own power and crushed by circumstances wisecracks and all. Then things get serious as cast were getting tired of it all. R beyond his control. With Robert Ryan , Sheree Heston battles a tribe of hippie witches for control North; Michael Winner directed. GP of the world. Nonsense-but not without some THE HORSEMEN-Well, they finally got fascinating scenes of barren city streets, the ideas around to doing a film about Afghanistan, but it's LE MANS-24 hours of the famous sports car for most of which were lifted wholesale from The the same old Hollywood desert epic with a few endurance race-driver's-eye views, closeups, in­ World, The Flesh and Th e Devil. With Anthony new wrinkles thrown in, like exciting scenes de­ stant replays of crashes-the works. Strictly for Zerbe, Rosalind Cash. GP picting buzkashi, a horseback sport that is race fans; not even for Steve McQueen fans-he probably the world's roughest. Omar Sharif plays doesn't utter his first word until the film is 35 ON ANY SUNDAY-Bruce Brown's docu­ a provincial nobleman who breaks his leg at minutes old. lee Katzin directed. G mentary about motorcycle racing is the best cycle buzkashi; Jack Palance is his father. With Leigh film made thus far, a delight to eye and ear with its Taylor-Young; John Frankenheimerdirected. GP THE LIGHT AT THE EDGE OF THE slow-motion photography, driver's-eye views and WORLD-Kirk Douglas vs. the Devil, and guess toe-tapping music. But it fails to satisfy the mind : HOW TO FRAME A FIGG-Simple-minded who wins? Douglas plays an assistant lightkeeper the film never rises above the level of gee-whiz comedy starring Don Knotts as a bureaucrat who at a 19th-century lighthouse on an isolated idolatry in its treatment of the world's top racers

70 Sandlapper (including film star Steve McQueen), nor does it never delivers, though. Instead it degenerates Taylor and Wilson, who hold our loyalty at first, make more than a passing attempt to answer the into a standard action-violence flick onto which !lowly emerge as dullards with one-track minds. question that should be basic to a film such as this, black culture and soul talk are grafted super­ Oates, on the other hand, evolves from a crass, i.e.," So what?" G ficially and self-consciously. But what the hell, phony middle-aged boor to a rather human fel­ blacks are entitled to their own Sam Spade or Matt low who develops the ability to laugh at himself. ONE DAY IN THE LIFE OF IVAN Helm now and then. Richard Roundtree plays the Well done. With Laurie Bird; Monte Hellman DENISOVICH-An unemotional portrayal of a title role; Gordon Parks directed. R directed. R day in a Siberian work camp, 1950, where political prisoners have been sent _for crimes against SUMMERTREE-College kid (Michael Doug­ VANISHING POINT-Hopped-up Barry Stalin's Soviet Union. If you're looking for las, son of Kirk) faces the draft and the generation Newman in a souped-up car speeds from Denver dramatics or a story, you won't find it here; what gap. It's the standard '70s relevance bag, handled to San Francisco, spectacularly eluding police you will find is a sense of desolation and hopeless­ with all the class of a bad '40s film-super-slick from three states and becoming a folk-hero to the ness as realistic as has been achieved in a prison dialog, overacting, molasses music, the works. poor, the young and the black in the process. The film. Denisovich and his fellow prisoners are a cut The sole point of the flick seems to be that Kirk elements of the chase are exciting and suspense­ above the typical convict; they're frozen and de­ Douglas is capable of producing a film. He is, but ful, but why is he in such a hurry? And don't the graded, but they rationalize:" At least we're not nothing you'd want to pay to see. With Brenda police-not to mention the poor, the young and with thieves and murderers." Tiresome in spots, Vaccaro, Jack Warden; Anthony Newley the black-have anything better to worry about but that's the point; the film's overall effect is directed. GP than a reckless driver? The film may remind you of numbing. With Tom Courtenay; Casper Wrede James Thurber's story about the drunk who be­ directed, from Alexander Solzhenitsyn's novel. G SUPPORT YOUR LOCAL GUN- came an international hero while circling the FIGHTER-James Garner is mistaken for a notor­ globe in a Piper Cub, even though nobody knew THE PANIC IN NEEDLE PARK-A devastating, ious gunfighter in the town of Purgatory, Colo­ anything about him. But Thurber was kidding; realistic portrayal of a girl's attachment to a dope rado. If that sounds funny to you, who can pre­ this film isn't, and it strangles on its own self-im­ pusher in New York City and her disintegration vent you from going? Another in director Burt portance. Richard Safian directed. GP once she samples his product. For once, the ex­ Kennedy's series of mindless Western comedies plosive subject of drugs is handled flatly and un­ aimed at 12-year-old mentalities. With Suzanne WALKABOUT-A gentle and charming emotionally; Joan Didion's screenplay foregoes Pleshette, Jack Elam. G paean to wildness. A city-dwelling teen-age girl sensationalism and gimmickry and instead simply (Jenny Agutter) and her younger brother (Lucien sits us on the sidelines to observe real, living SWEET SWEETBACK'S BAADASS SONG-An John) are stranded in the Australian desert, where people who just happen to be destroying them­ innocent black man (Melvin Van Peebles), they must make do without the gadgets they have selves. The resultant effect is shattering. With Al enraged by an act of police brutality, beats up the come to regard as necessities. They survive largely Pacino and Kitty Winn; Jerry Schnatzberg two white policemen involved and becomes the because they meet and make friends with an directed. R target of a manhunt. It's a crass film that tries to aborigine (David Gumpili) who provides them capitalize simultaneously on the current appeal with food, water, shelter and an appreciation of THE RED TENT-A fine example of what can of such subjects as sex, violence, racism and" soul the joys of being uncivilized. He is the prototype be done with a historical event if a director-in culture;· and while Sweetback panders heavily to of the Noble Savage-especially in the manner in this case Mikhail Kalatozov-puts his mind to it. its black audiences, it's worth noting for two rea­ which he chases, wrestles and spears the animals The film is a sweeping, romantic work in which sons: it's the first major film in which blacks are he eats, in sharp contrast to the unsportsmanlike the ghosts of victims of a disastrous 1928 Arctic obviously calling the shots-all of them-and it's white hunters at the end of the film who use jeeps expedition gather to rehash the tragedy and fix the first commercial film that matter-of-factly and rifles to bag their prey. Needless to add, the blame. The resulting flashbacks mix fact and accepts the existence of police brutality and in­ kids wind up preferring the desert to the city, and fantasy imaginatively in unfolding the chain of justice in black neighborhoods. Van Peebles you may, too. Nicolas Roeg directed. GP events that led to the death of Roald Amundsen directed. X (discoverer of the South Pole) and to the WHEN EIGHT BELLS TOLL-Fine photo­ degradation of the leader of the expedition. TEN RILLINGTON PLACE-A young couple graphy of the rugged Scottish coastline highlights Umberto Nobile. Beautiful photography and and their baby move into a London apartment, this tale of an imitation James Bond who breaks music and painstaking sequences of dirigible unaware that the landlord is a psychotic up a band of maritime hijackers. But a better title travel and survival on Arctic ice floes hold the rapist-killer. That may seem like a standard setting would have been When the Cliches Come viewer's attention throughout, despite occasional for a British crime film, but there's no escape in Marching In. With Anthony Hopkins, Robert lapses into Hollywoodisms and a cop-out ending. the nick of time for the heroes in this one because Morley; Alistair Maclean directed. GP Peter Finch plays General Nobile, haunted by the the story is true, and therein lies the fascination events of 43 years ago (he was later exonerated and horror of this otherwise pedestrian work. WHO IS HARRY KELLERMAN AND WHY IS and is still alive today at the age of 86). With Director Richard Fleischer has reconstructed the HE SAYING THOSE TERRIBLE THINGS ABOUT Claudia Cardinale, Hardy Kruger and Sean Con­ killer's history with great care-too much care, for MEl-The Citizen Kane of the rock culture. Dus­ nery as an aging Amundsen. G the film is loaded with irrelevancies that detect tin Hoffman plays a rock music writer whose trade from the central story. Well acted by Richard brings him success at an early age but also leaves SEE NO EVIL-This spine-tingler starring Mia Attenborough,John Hurt and JudyGeeson. GP him incapable of facing reality or the passage of Farrow as a blind girl chased by a murderer bor­ time; his art becomes indistinguishable from his rows much from another blind-girl chiller, Wait THE TOUCH-Bibi Andersson, the sheltered life. Against a rock scenario and a series of flash­ Until Dark. In both films, the blind character's in­ wife of a Swedish doctor, becomes involved with backs to his humbler youth, we watch him crack ability to see all sorts of terrifying sights causes an American archeologist (Elliott Gould). She is up. The overall effect of the film is powerful and audiences to shriek hysterically, and so will you, secure, uncomplicated, bourgeois; he is a cauld­ depressing, but the individual scenes are handled despite (or maybe because of) the fact that the ron of emotional complexity, and when she with such gentle humor that you won't notice the film telegraphs virtually all its punches. GP docilely tries to adjust herself to him the effects depression setting in until it's almost over. A fine are disastrous on both of them. What begins as a performance by Hoffman and by Barbara Harris in THE SEVEN MINUTES-Russ Meyer, king of masterpiece tends to drag by the end; neverthe­ a brief role; directed with care and imagination by the nudies, is starting to take himself seriously, less, it's an intelligent, adult two-character study Ulu Grosbard. GP and that's a bad sign. The first half of this film of the sort to which Ingmar Bergman's fans have about an ambitious prosecutor's attempts to cash become accustomed. Max Von Sydow is the hus­ WILLY WON KA AND THE CHOCOLATE in on the pornography issue is often frantically band. R FACTORY-Five winners of a world-wide contest funny, butoncewe get into the trial the film lapses are taken on a magical mystery tour of the secret into messages and tedium-the one thing you'd TWO-LANE BLACKTOP-Don't let appear­ Wonka chocolate factory, where they view such have thought Meyer incapable of. But even with­ ances fool you: What begins as just another film wonders as the chocolate river and waterfall, out his standby nudes, Meyer persists in giving us about drag racing culture and evolves into just fizzy-lifting drinks, a TV camera that reproduces that 1950s dream world in which flat-chested another film about the generation gap ultimately chocolate bars, and other developments that women are neither seen nor heard. At least he's a becomes a highly original work that defies stereo­ haven't yet been introduced in Hershey, Pa. The guy who sticks by his principles, right? From the types and keeps the audience guessing as to kids also get a lesson in manners in the process. Irving Wallace novel. R which characters to identify with. James Taylor An imaginative children's musical, with enough and Dennis Wilson are'long-haired speed freaks adult sallies to keep the grownups happy. With SHAFT-John Shaft, a black private eye with with a souped-up engine under the hood of their Peter Ostrum, Gene Wilder, Jack Albertson; Mel his own abrasively independent moral code, be­ 1955 Chevy; they make a living by hustling drag Stuart directed. R comes involved in a three-way Harlem struggle races on country roads from unsuspecting drivers among black hoodlums, black militants and the with fancier models. One of their victims is Mafia. So far, so good: The action is visually excit­ Warren Oates, driving a 1970 GTO, who ing and moves at a quick clip, and in its early stages confidently challenges them to a cross-country the film gives promise of delving into the roots of race. The race is no contest and is quickly sub­ corruption and decay in the black community. It ordinated to the development of the characters:

December 1971 71 ,, ,, /_,., 1\\tr·rg Q:hristma.s froll\ "='an~la.p.ptr i!look.stort

sandlapper

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December 1971 73 (Continued from page 47) why so many students were drop­ community patrols and made ar· toy windmill for a two-year-old ping out. They didn't have clothes rangements to rent their present Negro child with plaited hair who to wear, or shoes for their feet. No Echo House "without any idea how has just wandered in. I look at her one had explained the free lunch Heaven would provide us the rent and wonder how Ingrid would have program to them. And they were money," one of the Franciscan played the role, then dismiss Ingrid too proud to beg for pencils and sisters admits. "Still, every 23rd of as insufficient. The child is pulling paper and books. So they simply the month, somehow the rent at one of the buttons on the nun's dropped out quietly and few people money always comes in, from some knee-length, brown pleated skirt. cared." donor from some faith from some­ Sharing the ghetto with them is a Father Thomas R. Duffy of where." third sister, no less personable, ar­ Charleston, head of Catholic Char­ The house was as filthy as it was ticulate and dedicated: Sister ities in South Carolina, totally con­ empty. They scrubbed it from Dorothy Ferrell of Portsmouth, curred with the several nuns who rough pine floor to encrusted wall­ Ohio. At the moment Sister approached him "and agreed with board ceiling, and then began the Dorothy is somewhere in the eye­ us that it would be good if we rounds "requisitioning" furniture sore community "knocking on didn't stop what we were doing from any source receptive to their doors." when the summer was over," Sister pleas. Their first project was a sew­ The idea for Echo House dates to Maigread recalls. ing class, launched with the help of 1966 when 21 Franciscan sisters "Oh, I remember them back four donated sewing machines. first came to Charleston to assist in then," volunteers a neighbor who (There are now 20 machines.) the nonreligious SAIL (Summer lives directly across the street from "Yes, sir, I remembers how they Achievement in Learning) project Echo House. She has dropped in for come up to me and some other funded by the Office of Economic a cup of coffee and a morning chat. neighbors and said come on an' Opportunity. One major program And she needs clothing for her sev­ learn how to sew and make your objective is to reach the potential eral children. They barely escaped own clothes," a middle-aged black dropout, and eight weeks of death several nights earlier when mother reports. "We didn' want to classes in creative skills and arts are someone tossed a gasoline bomb go but they kept talkin' and talkin' designed to encourage the student into their bedroom in a black and so we come." to rekindle faith in himself and con­ vendetta. Sister Maigread believes the entire tinue his education. The program "We didn' think they were for Echo House dream might have col­ currently serves some 1,500 Ne­ real 'cause they was asking about lapsed if the nuns had not elected groes, and the sisters and social our health, and our kids, and if to wear street attire. Only half-veils workers of all faiths make an effort they went to school, and what were then and now distinguish and iden­ to visit the homes of every student we eating and things like that. We tify their religious dedication. "If to talk with the parents and help all thought they'd get tired and go we'd been dressed in the traditional with solutions to problems ranging away because some of the people black habits, I don't believe we from sickness to shoes, from frus­ didn't want to even talk to 'um." could have done so well, so tration to abject despair. Father Duffy had assured his quickly." "Shoes seem so unimportant to female disciples that funds to Echo House opened on Sept. 8, people who have them," Sister underwrite any project in the Negro 1967, and now some 400 adults Maigread reflects, "but through this community were bone-bare. So and children visit it every week to project we began to understand they plunged headfirst into their learn, to seek help and, often, just to drop in and say hello to May-grit and her two assistants. The coffee pot is always hot. The larder is generally near bare-but there is always enough to share by some miracle. Some of the callers append "Sister" to the title of address; others don't. The sisters have never pressed the point.

Echo House is sometimes aided by Sister Joachin of Neighborhood House, a project similar to Echo House.

Sand lapper ]

'~ > 1 '.• · The Laubach Method is one of the basic educational techniques practiced by Sister Coleen.

we've arranged for the welfare de­ partment to come to Echo House and make distribution. We continue to find people eligible for welfare and social security but they aren't sure how to apply, and therefore don't. Some parents had let their children drop out of school because they couldn't provide the clothing Echo House is devoid of religious sisters always come to the funeral," they needed." trappings, and purposely. There are a black resident observes. "We want When the sisters first came to the no crucifixes displayed about the 'em there in the front row. Nobody ghetto "the streets were filled with walls, except for one fashioned around here is Catholic except for children who weren't going to from a ball of yarn by a young stu­ two families, and I'm not one but I school. Truancy laws weren't en­ dent. The child called it "the eye of suppose if the sisters was to open a forced." Now on a school day, God" and it adorns a wall in one of Catholic church here there'd sure young faces are absent from the the three rooms set aside for be a lot of us going." garbage can-lined red mud streets. classes. No work in gold or silvet One of their proudest projects is "They know we '11 pick them up could mean more to the sisters. the establishment of a Senior Citi­ and put them in our station wagon Echo House is ecumenicalism in zens Club. "We now have 40 people and take them to school," Sister a ghetto. The number of volunteer in it and once a week it gives them Colleen reports with a resolute aides involved in the work in the somewhere to go." They flock to smile. Three years ago, had they black neighborhood is growing and Echo House for Friday luncheons, tried anything like that, the ghetto the sisters no longer attempt to prepared by a military wives' group, would have physically pushed them keep track of the religious per­ and then employ the afternoon out of the area. Now the ghetto suasions of other women who come talking, playing games, quilting, laughs and applauds and appreciates in to help them teach day and eve­ sewing "and taking baths, because them. No, appreciates is the wrong ning classes in quilting, sewing, nu­ some of them have no hot water in_ word. Loves is better. trition, basic adult education, medi­ their homes," Sister Maigread ob­ Heroines? Not we three, Sister cal self-help and related subjects. serves. The children also come in May-grit insists, although their pro­ Five days a week, for three hours for hot baths "and when you get ject is the first of its kind ever per afternoon, some 40 school-age two or three of them playing in the brought to fruition by the Fran­ children with classroom problems bathtub, it's murder trying to get ciscan Sisters. "It's a privilege to receive special tutoring. them out so somebody else can use come here and work with these It is not surprising that on the the only bathroom we've got in this people because they are giving us so eve of a major election, when the little building," she says, her eyes much more than we're giving them. community became concerned twinkling. We're not here to make converts about the complexities of the vot­ But Echo House is more than a but to be a person to them, to ing machines scheduled for instal­ place awaiting the visitor. The relate the problems of the poor to lation, that they turned to Echo sisters haven't lost the habit of existing agencies which can help House for aid. The sisters arranged knocking on doors, and often two them. We want them to know a nonpolitical demonstration of the of them are out on foot in the somebody cares. So we deserve no machine at Echo House. They may neighborhood with questions and honors. We're simply doing a job. have been strangers-and worse, concern. "If they can't come to us, We're not so great." Northern strangers-four years ago, we go to them." Well, maybe not. But I'd bet but they are an integral element of Illiteracy is the handmaiden of they'd get a dickens of an argument the community now. Theirs are the poverty. "Many need help and to the contrary from Saint Francis only white faces many of the in­ don't know where to turn. We of Assisi. habitants see all day. found they didn't know the me­ ' 'We appreciate it that when chanics of the food stamp program Lt. Col., USA (Ret.) Tom Hamrick somebody around here dies, the and weren't asking this aid. Now is from Mount Pleasant.

December 1971 75 Where the Flavor Still Is By Nancy Ch irich

outh Carolina and Hawaii are the consistently only in Florence, Greenville-born Dr. Raven Ioor richest states in America in dia- where Dante wrote a masterpiece in McDavid Jr., professor of English at Slects. his own dialect. Until recently no the University of Chicago. Who's Authors with a good ear have British citizen could hope to sue­ Who lists him as preeminent in the long been intrigued with our re- ceed in any profession requiring field of American dialects, social gional wealth. The Charleston dia- speech away from home territory implications of dialect differences, lect annoyed Scarlet O'Hara, while without prior tutoring in Oxonian, cross-cultural linguistics, and the Frank B. Gilbreth's Dictionary of or upper-class, English. Witness social structure of the American Charlestonese is a best seller even Eliza Doolittle's suspenseful con­ South, among others. (If you can south of Broad Street. The hero of version from Cockney in My Fair put aside a layman's innate preju­ The View from Pompey's Head Lady. On the other hand, in Swit­ dice toward a title such as Post­ knew he was home at last when a zerland the preservation of local vocalic /-r/ in South Carolina: A hotel clerk showed him room "five dialects is encouraged and pro­ Social Analysis, you will find Dr. twenty aay-ut." The Appalachian tected by law. McDavid's treatise a fascinating and dialect spoken in William Price Social and intellectual stereo­ readable social history of the state Fox's Ruby Red helps make his types are conjured up with dialects. in a few pages. This appears in characters appealingly real, while Experts say that hippy talk illus­ "American Speech," October­ the same dialect adds to the horror trates a deliberate effort on the part December 1948, from A Linguistic of the mountain people in James of some youths to accentuate the At las of the United States and Dickey's Deliverance. Edgar Allan generation gap with a dialect that Canada.) Poe tried to reproduce Gullah in calls forth an image many middle­ Gullah, which language experts The Gold Bug. A new attitude to- class parents educated in Standard agree is the only true American dia­ ward this dialect is exemplified by English would reject. Even poli­ lect and which is the subject of Chalmers S. Murray in New Writing ticians, or rather especially politi­ overwhelming interest on the part in South Carolina, but no one has cians, sometimes must take speech of linguists from all over the world, succeeded as well with Gullah as courses to eliminate a local dialect is spoken in the Low Country and Ambrose E. Gonzales in The Black if they aspire to national office. on the sea islands, but more and Border, published in 1922-not However, because of their mobil­ more in its purest form only by even Julia Peterkin, who won a ity, Americans are "not so liable to older people. In some isolated com­ Pulitzer Prize for her sympathetic local peculiarities either in accent munities of the Blue Ridge Moun­ Scarlet Sister Mary. Linguists con- or phraseology," to quote Rev. tains, the Appalachian dialect is still cede that despite his bias, Gonzales John Witherspoon, writing in 1781. spoken much as it was in 17th­ is the authority on Gullah, which This observation is even more valid century England and would be un­ remains an unwritten language to today. Television and the automo­ intelligible in Great Britain today. this day, and find his glossary of bile have made the isolation neces­ The textile "company towns" with invaluable assistance in research. sary for a self-sufficient dialect al- their own special dialects exist yet Attitudes towards dialects differ. most impossible. in the Piedmont, but with increas­ The official authority in France is Except in South Carolina. ingly less self-sufficiency than in the French Academy, so only One of the first of the modern former years. Standard Academic French has linguists to recognize South Caro­ All of the dialects spoken in prestige; Standard Italian is spoken lina as a leading dialect state was South Carolina reflect some of

76 Sand lap per From the Blue Ridge Mountains to the coastal plain, South Carolina is rich in dialects. In isolated mountain areas, the Appalachian dialect is still spoken much as it was in 17th-century England.

what Dr. William A. Stewart of the Education Study Center in Wash­ ington, D.C., calls "the cultural and ethnic plurality which is one of America's greatest heritages." Though not the Standard English Gullah, spoken in spoken and understood by the edu­ the Low Country cated majority regardless of back­ and on the sea islands, is called ground all over the United States, by language these nonstandard English dialects experts the only cannot be considered "incorrect" true American just because they are different. Like dialect, and is any other langage, they have order a subject of interest to and a structure that puts sounds linguists all and words together by definite over the world. rules and, more important, are functional for the people who use them. The South Carolina Department of Education has set for itself the -Photos courtesy S.C. Department of Parks, Recreation & T ~u rism goal of teaching all our children to speak appropriately in different situations outside their immediate groups, and instructing them to speak and read the standard lan­ guage they must know to realize their full educational and economic potential in our technological so­ ciety-all the while retaining the precious individuality of their dia­ lects as spoken in the home and among friends. If this sounds like a tall order, it is. By the time most normal chil­ dren are five or six years old, they have learned a logical and coherent language system which has every­ ::,"'~--:: __§ :. .~:- thing necessary for communication

December 1971 77 with family members and friends. At which point formal schooling usually begins. In many cases this home lan­ gugage, which is in effect the es­ sence of the child-himself, his cul­ ture, and all he feels secure about­ is a dialect different from that spoken by his Standard-English­ speaking teacher. Many elementary school teachers, because of heavy concen­ tration on the literary aspects of English in their college curricula, lack a knowledge of how language works. When confronted with teaching English usage in a real-life situation, they are often forced to review rules they learned in high school (from teachers who no doubt reviewed what they had learned in high school). English lan­ guage structure has a history going_ back to .ancient Greek and Latin. Tom Parks, Department of Education consultant, directed a committee of seven South To catch up (after 2,300 years) Carolina educators who developed a program to aid teachers in accepting pupils' American publishers are now bring­ established speech patterns, while adding Standard English to the students' repertoire. ing out books on "the new English" as well as the New Math. Two recent requirements for teaching certificates in South Carolina are dialects unfamiliar to them. The South Carolina panel ap­ courses in Linguistics for Teachers Accordingly, a committee of proached the kit on a human rather and History of the English Lan­ seven South Carolina educators was than a pedantic level, since "lan­ guage. called upon to find a possible solu­ guage is the most human thing Young children first experiencing tion. Tom Parks, English consultant there is." After interviews with pri­ the drastic change in environment of the State Department of Edu­ mary grade teachers from all over between home and school are par­ cation, directed the group. They the state, children from every ticularly sensitive to what a teacher conferred, were each assigned volu­ region were encouraged to speak in thinks of them. A put-down does minous "homework" for clues on their various distinctive ways on not have to be verbal. In subtle the issue and how it was being such subjects as pets (among which ways a teacher may greatly affect a handled elsewhere, then recon­ were "dawgs," "dorgs" and child's wish to continue up the ferred to exchange information and "Dahgs"), Christmas presents, and scholastic ladder or to "clam up" ideas. so on, all the while being tape­ and eventually drop out of school­ What they came up with was the recorded by trained and dedicated to the measureless detriment of so­ concept of the very first multi­ linguistic experts. ciety. Downgrading a dialect, un­ media dialect kit in the United Soon thereafter Children's Lan­ consciously or not, is one of these States. guage : A Package of Materials for ways. Dr. Roger W. Shuy, director of the Sou th Carolina Elementary A method to help South Caro­ the sociolinguistics program at the Teacher on Dialect Differences in lina's public school teachers accept Center for Applied Linguistics in the Classroom came into being. a child's established speech pat­ Washington, D.C., was called as Side I of the long-playing record terns, while gradually adding Stand­ national consultant for the project, included in the dialect package ex­ ard English to his nonstandard which was produced entirely from plains the diversity of South Caro­ repertoire, was urgently needed. federal funds. He had never before lina dialects and the desirability of Teachers from every part of the heard of a multimedia kit, but respecting them. For comparison, it state requested aid in coping with thought it sounded like a good idea. contains examples of Appalachian

78 Sand lap per mountain dialect, Gullah, out-of­ teachers in South Carolina who state speech and the speech of chil­ have chosen to use it. It got a very dren from other countries-all at­ good review in a publication of the tending school here. Side II consists National Council of Teachers of INTERESTING, of suggestions to help children learn English, an organization which rep­ Standard English to augment the resents more than 100,000 profes­ UNUSUAL ITEMS nonstandard dialects they already sionals; and at a conference in At­ and SERVICES use fluently. lanta last year several kits were pil­ ~ The rest of the kit includes a fered-a sure sign of success! The t.''" quiz for the teacher to help analyze kits will be displayed at the con­ r.''" conceptions and misconceptions 1.:~1-,, vention of the NCTE in Las Vegas = = = = = ANT I OU ES = x::x x::x ><=>< ><=>< concerning dialect differences in over Thanksgiving this year. children's language; a pamphlet on Even with a multimedia kit to WE ARE NOW SHOWING a new European case studies of specific recurring help, teacher attitudes towards dia­ shipment of antique silver, porcelain, paintings, problems concerning the two dia­ lects are slow to change. At the and furniture. Palmetto Interiors, 1000 Gervais lects in South Carolina which seem College of Charleston, for instance, St., Columbia, S.C. 29201. to have the least social accept­ a 45-hour, three-credit education ance-disadvantaged black and dis­ course is being inaugurated on Lan­ HENRY LAURENS ANTIQUES. Oriental advantaged white; 30 booklets with guage Arts for the Linguistically Rugs. Open daily 8:30-5 : 30. Saturday 8:30-1,00. 213 West Main, Laurens, S.C. explanation for their use in the Different Child. Mrs. Virginia Ben­ 29360. Phone 984-5951. classroom for vocabulary building; maman, language consultant for the Charleston County School District, and a brochure about the people NOTTINGHAM ANTIQUES. 166 Alabama St., who took part in the project. The and a major contributor to the Gul­ Spartanburg, S.C. 29302. Dealer to the discrim­ seven on the committee were: Mrs. lah section of the dialect kit, is the inating. 18th and 19th century furniture. Deco­ Mary Beach, state reading consult­ instructor. rative accessories. ant for the Department of Educa­ British Lexicographer Eric Par­ tion; Mrs. Zella Dorman, of Rivelon tridge says: "The disappearance of O'NEIL'S ANTIQUE SHOP, 355 W. Palmetto St., Florence, S.C. Large selection of antique Elementary in Orangeburg; Mrs. dialect will not constitute an un­ furniture and accessories. Complete line of Wil­ Naomi Dreher, elementary consult­ mixed blessing, for the standard liamsburg brass-lighting fixtures-antique lamp ant for Richland County School language ... is but a promoted dia­ restoration-lamp shades-prints and frames. District One; Dr. Shirley Brice lect [which] has to its own lasting Heath, assistant professor in the benefit, drawn from dialect much = = ><=>< ><=>< = AU CT I ON S =><=>< ><=>< ><=>< = Sociology Department of Winthrop that is pithy and picturesque, virile College, where she teaches Anthro­ and vivid .... " ANTIQUES, COLLECTIBLES and castaways. pology and Linguistics; Dr. Richard Standard language the world over Auction each Monday at 7 : 30 p .m. Flea Market E. Kemper, assistant professor of depends on who got there "fustest each Saturday 10-8 and Sunday 2-8. Dewey's education in the reading clinic of with the mostest," an expression Antiques, U.S. 378, 6 miles west of Columbia ('/2 mile from Sandlapper Gallery and Book­ the University of South Carolina; useful to the eloquent Winston store). Preston Musgrove, state consultant Churchill during the dark days of in modern foreign languages; and World War II and attributed to Gen. = ><:>< x::x x::x x::x" BOO KS "x::x ><=>< = x::x = Tom Parks. Others from all over the Nathan Bedford Forrest of the Con­ state contributed their talents also, federate Cavalry. Historians deny and they too are acknowledged in that the general expressed himself WERE YOUR FOREBEARS S.C. PLANTERS? the brochure. in such "rustic" terms. But he may An autographed copy of Or. Chalmers David­ son's THE LAST FORAY at $6.95 would be a To distribute the kits, each very well, like Churchill, have been most welcomed Christmas gift by any relative school district in the state was in­ using a dialect appropriate to the or friend. Chester Historical Society, Box 808, vited to send a representative to situation. Chester, South Carolina 29706. Columbia to pick up enough South Carolina educators are samples to give to all interested in­ working hard to give their charges dividual schools. the same freedom of choice in x::xx::xx::x CO ATS OF AR MS >==< Parks admits that the kit was a speaking Standard English, or a dia­ compromise, and still has its con­ lect appropriate to the occasion. HAND PAINTED, RESEARCHED embroidery troversial aspects. However, it has designs-crewel arms-crested monograms­ kneeling bench-Victorian velvet frames-anti­ so far been favorably received by Nancy Chirich is a free-lance writer macassars. Heritage Arts, Box 46 8, Edgefield, most of the elementary school from Charleston. s.c. 29824.

December 1971 79 = = = = CO L LE CT O RS ======H EAT E RS = = = = =

WANTED: DISC OR TAPE RECORDINGS of PORTABLE PROPANE GAS-BURNING infra­ prominent South Carolinians of yesteryear. red heaters. 12,000 BTU model $35.00; 24,000 sandlapper Contact Sandlapper Audio/Visual, P.O. Box BTU model $55.00, f.o.b. Columbia, S.C. (See 1668, Columbia, s.c. 29202. article page 51, November 1970 "Sandlapper. ") corner Mrs. Rodgers, Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202. Phone: (803) Now available at OLD COTTAGE AND MANTEL CLOCKS for 796-2686. these bookstores sale. Write Clocks, Box 359-B, Route 1, Lex- ington, S.C. The Open Book >=<>=<== NEEDLE WO R K ==== Bell Tower Ma ll Greenville = =, D ECO RAT I N G • ======WILDFLOWER NEEDLEWORK PATTERN. The Book Fa ir 12" x 18" pattern depicting 25 s.c. wild· 507 E. St. Joan St. flowers. Pictured in June 1968 Sandlapper. DECORATING-RESIDENTIAL and commer­ Send $2.08 plus 25~ postage and handling to: Spartan burg cial. Pine Burr Antiques & Interiors, High­ Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Colum­ way 34, Camden, S.C., 432-4636. "When dis­ bia, s.c. 29202. H & S Book House tinction is important." Florence Mall Flore nce AUTHENTIC NEEDLEPOINT KITS printed on canvas. Carolina Gamecock, Citadel Bull Dog, The Ham mock Shop Clemson Tiger. Kits with charts for other col­ >=<== = F LEA MAR KET ===x:::x Pawleys Island leges. Wildflower Afghans as featured on the cover of Woman's Day Magazine. Imported yarns, materials, crewel, and needlepoint. As­ All Sandlapper Press, FLEA MARKET each Saturday 10-8 and Sun­ sorted pocketbook kits. Folline's Knit and Inc. publications, day 2-8. Antiques, collectibles and castaways. Bridge Studio, 2926 Devine St., Columbia, S.C. Auction each Monday at 7:30 p .m. Dewey's 29205. Phone 253-9748. including back issueJ Antiques. U.S. 378, 6 miles west of Columbia of Sandlapper. (Ii, mile from Sandlapper Gallery and Book­ store). >CXX:::X>C><> PLANTS & SHRUBS <>c:>OC:><>CX @JJ@JJ@li@JJ@JJ@Ji@JJ@J @I

SCUPPERNONG, MUSCADINE grapevines. New Releases-Jumbo 1 1/4 inches in diameter, Fry 1 1/8 inches diameter-many others. Free IN TIME FOR CHRISTMAS catalog. lson's Vineyard, Brooks, Georgia 39205.

=x:::x PRINTING EQUIPMENT =x:::x

USED HARRIS 36" offset Press; used Macey Saddle Gatherer (8 automatic and 2 handfeed stations), stitcher, 3-knife trimmer. Mrs. Rodgers, Sandlapper Press, Inc., P.O. Box 1668, Co­ lumbia, S.C. 29202. Phone: (803) 796-2686.

=>=<== SK I EOU I PM ENT ==x:::xx:::x Note Cards by Anne Worsham Richardson CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT for ladies and men. Sales, service, and rentals. Patrick Treada­ We have just received a shipment of colorful boxed note cards by the well­ way, Arcade Mall, Columbia. 252-2479. known Charleston artist-ornithologist. Two sets are available: "Cardinal with Vir­ ginia Pine" and "Carolina Wren with Yellow Jessamine." (The sets cannot be mixed.) A box of twenty 4 5/ 8" x 6 1/ 8" full-color note cards is $3.00, plus four Copy for "Interesting, Unusual Items and Serv­ ices" must be received in our office by the fifth per cent South Carolina sales tax. Add fifty cents for mail order. day of the montti preceding the first day of the Also available by the artist are bird prints ranging in price from monttl in which the advertisement is to appear. $15.00-$50.00. A framing service is available. Rates, payable in advance, are: a sJngle in­ sert ion-70c;t a wordi three consecutift in­ sertions-609' a word; six consecutive inser­ Sandlapper Gallery & Bookstore tions-559' a wordi 12 consecutive insertions- Arcade Mall, Main Street, Columbia 509' a word. Minimum insertion 15 words. Re­ and quest an advertising fom, from: Sandlapper U.S. 378, West Columbia Press, Inc., Interesting, Uhusual Items and Serv· ices, P.O. Box 1668, Columbia, S.C. 29202.

80 Sand lapper The Silver Martini. For people who want a silver lining without the cloud.

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Smirnoff Silver Ninety point four proof. Smirnoff leaves you breathless® You deserve Frank White, Jr. Ivy Hill 17229-3 a really Chesterfield, s. c. fine pen. 29709 Why not treat yourself to one. We have an unusually beautiful collection at Bryan's, including fine fountain pens, smooth ballpoints and desk sets. Pick one out soon, and we'll even gift-wrap it.

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Ster/in.g silver Pen, $2.5.~

Desk set of rare petrified wood, $4.0.00

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