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Britain and the Fur Trade: Commerce and Consumers in the North-Atlantic World, 1783-1821
Citation: Hope, David (2016) Britain and the Fur Trade: Commerce and Consumers in the North-Atlantic World, 1783-1821. Doctoral thesis, Northumbria University. This version was downloaded from Northumbria Research Link: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/31598/ Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. Single copies of full items can be reproduced, displayed or performed, and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must not be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without formal permission of the copyright holder. The full policy is available online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.html Britain and the Fur Trade: Commerce and Consumers in the North-Atlantic World, 1783-1821 David Hope PhD 2016 Britain and the Fur Trade: Commerce and Consumers in the North-Atlantic World, 1783-1821 David Hope A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Northumbria at Newcastle for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Research undertaken in the Faculty of Arts, Design & Social Sciences September 2016 Abstract This is a study of the mercantile organisation of the British fur trade in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. -
The Conquest of the Great Northwest Piled Criss-Cross Below Higher Than
The Conquest of the Great Northwest festooned by a mist-like moss that hung from tree to tree in loops, with the windfall of untold centuries piled criss-cross below higher than a house. The men grumbled.They had not bargained on this kind of voyaging. Once down on the west side of the Great Divide, there were the Forks.MacKenzie's instincts told him the northbranch looked the better way, but the old guide had said only the south branch would lead to the Great River beyond the mountains, and they turned up Parsnip River through a marsh of beaver meadows, which MacKenzie noted for future trade. It was now the 3rd of June.MacKenzie ascended a. mountain to look along the forward path. When he came down with McKay and the Indian Cancre, no canoe was to be found.MacKenzie sent broken branches drifting down stream as a signal and fired gunshot after gunshot, but no answer!Had the men deserted with boat and provisions?Genuinely alarmed, MacKenzie ordered McKay and Cancre back down the Parsnip, while he went on up stream. Whichever found the canoe was to fire a gun.For a day without food and in drenching rains, the three tore through the underbrush shouting, seeking, despairing till strength vas ethausted and moccasins worn to tattersBarefoot and soaked, MacKenzie was just lying down for the night when a crashing 64 "The Coming of the Pedlars" echo told him McKay had found the deserters. They had waited till he had disappeared up the mountain, then headed the canoe north and drifted down stream. -
Report of the Grand Historian
REPORT OF THE GRAND HISTORIAN To the Most Worshipful the Grand Master, officers and members of the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Canada in the Province of Ontario: I would like to express my gratitude to the Grand Master for again honoring me with the office and title of Grand Historian. This report is submitted in accordance with the book of Constitution which requires the Grand Historian “to record matters that are connected with the history of Freemasonry in Ontario.” Our Craft has often benefitted from family involvement, particularly siblings who were members of the Craft. We know, for example, that the Duke of Kent (the father of Queen Victoria) and his brother the Duke of Sussex, were active Masons. The Duke of Kent worked with his brother on the unification of the divided Grand Lodge of England, including encouraging him to accept the office of Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England and to bring together the many English lodges around the world into a coherent grouping. But I wish, today, to focus for a few moments on two brothers in “the Canadas” who assisted each other in their Masonic activities in what would later become the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Their activities occurred at a similar time and lent a coherent leadership to Lodges which had suffered over the years and whose regularity and legitimacy was not guaranteed with the new Grand Lodge in London. I am, of course, referring to Simon and William McGillivray: Scotsmen, businessmen, fur traders, family men and Freemasons. -
The Influence of the Hudson's Bay Company in the Exploration And
THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY IN THE EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE RED RIVER VALLEY OF THE NORTH A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science By Earla Elizabeth Croll In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major Department: History, Philosophy, and Religious Studies May 2014 Fargo, North Dakota North Dakota State University Graduate School Title THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY IN THE EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE RED RIVER VALLEY OF THE NORTH By Earla Elizabeth Croll The Supervisory Committee certifies that this disquisition complies with North Dakota State University’s regulations and meets the accepted standards for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: Dr. Mark Harvey Chair Dr. Gerritdina Justitz Dr. Larry Peterson Dr. Holly Bastow-Shoop Approved: 7/21/2014 Dr. John K. Cox Date Department Chair ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE OF THE HUDSON’S BAY COMPANY IN THE EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT OF THE RED RIVER VALLEY OF THE NORTH As beaver became scarcer in the east, the quest for Castor Canadensis sent traders into the northern plains. Reluctant explorers, traders looked for easier access and cheaper means of transport. Initially content to wait on the shores of the Bay, HBC was forced to meet their competitors in the natives’ homelands. The Red River Valley was easily accessed from Hudson’s Bay, becoming the center of the fur trade in the northern plains. HBC helped colonize the first permanent settlement west of the Great Lakes in the Red River Valley. -
Carolyn Podruchny, "Festivities, Fortitude, And
Carolyn Podruchny, "Festivities, Fortitude, and Fraternalism: Fur Trade Masculinity and the Beaver Club, 1785-1827." In New Faces in the Fur Trade: Selected Papers of the Seventh North American Fur Trade Conference, edited by William C. Wicken, Jo-Anne Fiske and Susan Sleeper-Smith, 31-52. East Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press, 1998. In 1785, wealthy fur trade merchants in Montreal founded the Beaver Club, an elite dining club restricted to men who had wintered in the North American interior, often referred to as "Indian Country." Although the Beaver Club existed along side other dining and entertainment clubs in Montreal, it was unique in its membership, raison d'être, and rituals. The club was initiated to provide a forum for retired merchants in which to reminisce about the risky and adventurous days of fur trading, and a forum for young fur traders to enter Montreal's bourgeois society.i The initial membership of nineteen expanded to a peak of fifty-five, as the club met regularly until 1804. Following a three-year suspension dinners were then resumed. It probably began to decline after the merger between the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company in 1821, when the business centre of the fur trade moved from Montreal to Hudson Bay. Evidence shows that members continued to meet until 1824, when the Club ended. Efforts to resurrect the Club in 1827 were unsuccessful. The Beaver Club a well-known institution of the Montreal fur trade. Many scholars have glorified the exclusive fraternity and the extravagant style of the dinners, and idealized the strength of the men who wintered in "Indian Country". -
De Lima Hutchinson, Cathal Stewart
UHI Thesis - pdf download summary The significance of Highlanders in the development of the Canadian West De Lima Hutchinson, Cathal Stewart DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (AWARDED BY OU/ABERDEEN) Award date: 2008 Awarding institution: The University of Edinburgh Link URL to thesis in UHI Research Database General rights and useage policy Copyright,IP and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the UHI Research Database are retained by the author, users must recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement, or without prior permission from the author. Users may download and print one copy of any thesis from the UHI Research Database for the not-for-profit purpose of private study or research on the condition that: 1) The full text is not changed in any way 2) If citing, a bibliographic link is made to the metadata record on the the UHI Research Database 3) You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain 4) You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the UHI Research Database Take down policy If you believe that any data within this document represents a breach of copyright, confidence or data protection please contact us at [email protected] providing details; we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Chapter I Introduction The significance of Highlanders in the development of the Canadian West When Alexander Mackenzie, a 28-year-old fur trader from the Highlands of Scotland, inscribed his initials on a rock in Bella Coola in 1793, in what is now Pacific Coast British Columbia (BC), it signalled the beginning of a new transcontinental era in the Canadian fur trade. -
CSP FORT WILLIAM and the FUR TRADE \ By/John Stephenson
CSP UNIVERSITY lyOTTAWA « ECOLE DES CRADUES FORT WILLIAM AND THE FUR TRADE \ \ > by/John Stephenson! Thesis presented to the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ottawa through the Department of History as partial ful fillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. /. UBRAK.cS » 4*. * Fort William, Canada, 1959 UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA - SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES UMI Number: EC55818 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform EC55818 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 UNIVERSITE D'OTTAWA -- ECOLE PES ORADUES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis was prepared under the guidance of Doctor Francis Scharzenberger of The Department of History of The University of Ottawa. Miss Christine Tilden, Head of The Depart ment of English of The Fort William Collegiate Institute, read the thesis. Gratitude is expressed here for their interest and cooperation. UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA ~ SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES UNIVERSITE D'OTTAWA ~ ECOLE DES GRADUES CURRICULUM STUDIORUM John Francis Stephenson Coniston, Ontario, Canada, October 26, 19£4 Bachelor of Arts, University of Toronto, 1946 Diplome D'Etudes de Civilisation Franchise, La Sorbonne, 1957. -
Papers on the North American Fur Trade
e|t«'^9'?#9e^ ^^ sw^ Papers on the North American Fur Trade ON NOVEMBER 1^, 1965, the Minnesota Trade" is placed in an introductory position, Historical Society in co-operation with the although his paper was read on the final Hudson's Bay Company, the James Ford day of the conference. The essays that fol Bell Foundation, Albrecht Furs, and the St. low deal with the three great fur trading Paul Council of Arts and Sciences sponsored companies of North America, representing an international conference on the North three nations and widely varying techniques American fur trade. Participating in it ivere of operation, as re-examined in the light of scliolars, writers, and authorities on fur trade recent historical research. Next are two history drawn from many parts of the United brief picture essays, both based upon slide States and Carmda. England ivas repre talks which traced the surviving physical sented by Professor Kenneth G. Davies of evidences of the fur trade era in Canada the University of Bristol and the Hudson's and the United States. The final group of Bay Record Society. articles presents the viewpoints of allied In all, twenty-eight .speakers addressed disciplines: ethnohistory, archaeology, and the conference; the nine essays presented economic history. Each gave rise to an un here have been selected from among their usual amount of discussion and comment papers. The number to he published was among the conference participants. limited only hy the editorial time and the Those papers which because of space and space available, and the choice was hard to time limitations could not he included were: make. -
Chairman's Report
Newsletter No. 80 – May 2014 Free to members Chairman’s Report In this Issue: Bob Flanagan Good news in that the long-delayed drainage and road- • ConservationThe English Heritage At Risk way works to the main entrance and to Church Road are News Page 3 complete apart from some tidying up. This was always Register Page 3 going to be a difficult operation, involving as it did firstly • The Page 4 • Benjamin closure of Church Road, and in turn use of Church Gate • DisraeliHenry Page and 6 as the entrance to the Cemetery for some 3 months whilst Kaiser Bill’s the works to the main entrance area were carried out. An • John Page 9 operation not made easier by concurrent major roadworks Mother Page 5 in Norwood High Street! However, this did mean that the • Tap Page 12 • The Brookes: a contractors Conway, who in my opinion have done a very • DynastyIron Tsar of Page 13 good job in the Cemetery despite this winter’s appalling Lambeth weather, were on site with heavy equipment and this will • The Page 14 have minimised costs to an extent. Thanks too to Conway Doctors Page 8 • for agreeing to fund the repair to the railings of the • Cemetery Page Gilbart memorial damaged in the preceding phase of the 14Simon McGillivray FRS roadway works. • (1785-1840)Forthcoming Whilst the new tarmac looks stark at the moment, the aim EventsPage 10 Page 15 is to cover this with a bonded gravel surface when funds permit. Such a surface would not only be in keeping with • A31 Bit London of Mystery CemeteriesPage 16 Page 13 • Recent FOWNC Events Page 14 • Forthcoming Events Page 15 • A Bit of Mystery Page 16 Tite Arch and War Memorial, March 2014 the original plan for the Cemetery, but would also hopefully help calm traffic in the cem- etery, speed humps of course being out of the question. -
Dalrev Vol59 Iss1 Pp51 73.Pdf (6.923Mb)
Roger Hall . ', 1 An Imperial Businessman In The Age Of Improvement: Simon McGillivray After The Fur Trade Business history in Canada is beginning to show signs of a healthier life. There have always been practitioners-a few professionals, and plenty of amateurs-but as an academic discipline the study never has been granted in Canada the status and respect accorded it elsewhere. This is changing but most recent interest has been with the latter half of the nineteenth century when indigenous entrepreneurs and enterprise made a showing. The earlier period, with some exception remains much :misunderstood. 1 Part of the reason is that business in Canada up to American reciprocity in 1854 largely was an Imperial affair. Events of Canadian commercial concern are locked in the business records of English firms and difficult to extricate. Obviously much early Canadian business history is British business history, and in the same way many ,entrepreneurs of early Canadian business have been British-for example Edward Ellice, or Peter Buchanan, and, notably, Simon McGillivray. • , . , McGillivray is known in Canada for his fur trade connections; most frequently he is remembered as the man who in 1821 torpedoed the North West Company and then, totally outwitted by the Hudson's Bay Company, slipped into personal bankruptcy. His family shared this harsh judgment: "That one made the fortune" generations of children were ceremoniously informed as they looked up at a portrait of William McGillivray, the legendary Lord of the Northwest. "And", the adult speaker gravely would add, pointing to a portrait of William's bespectacled brother Simon, "that one lost it" .2 That Simon McGillivray deserves better is revealed by an examination of his career from bankruptcy in the mid-1820s to his untimely death in 1840. -
Western-Fur-Traders
The Fur Traders & Coureurs des bois of Western Canada (Coureurs des bois: voyageurs - wood runners - bush-lopers) https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/coureurs-de-bois - :~:text=Coureurs%20des%20bois%20were%20itinerant%2C%20unlicenced%20f ur%20traders,and%20%E2%80%9Cbush- lopers%E2%80%9D%20to%20the%20Anglo-Dutch%20of%20New%20York. North West Company https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_West_Company Hudson’s Bay Company https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hudson%27s_Bay_Company_Official_Logo_20 13.svg 1 Pacific Fur Company https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Fur_Company Répertoire des engagements pour l’ouest, conservés dans les Archives judiciaires de Montréal Alphabetical listing of voyageurs (wood runners / bush-lopers) who navigated by canoes from the villages of Lachine and Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue on the shores of the St. Lawrence River near Montreal to the far regions of Western North America from 1788 to 1821 500 free online pages in total Approximately 2,318 engagés listed (voyageurs - wood-runners - bush-lopers) whose engagement contracts were recorded by notary Louis Chaboilez of Montreal, the latter a leading notary who served the elite families of Montreal from 1787 to 1813, among them the fur barons of Montreal. Authors: E.-Z. Massicotte & Adélard Desrosiers Researched and compiled prior to 1938. Alphabetical listing of Coureurs des bois from pages 275 to 397 BAnQ Numérique https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/2276312?docsearchtext= Land%20Grants%201760-1800 Coureur des bois Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coureur_des_bois - Voyageurs McTavish, Frobisher and Company Established in 1787 by Simon McTavish and Joseph Frobisher; reorganized as McTavish, McGillivrays & Co. -
Justice Canada
Report to Justice Canada Final Report For Historical Profile of the Lake of the Woods Area’s R FURTHER DISSEMINATION Mixed European-Indian or Mixed European-Inuit Ancestry Community The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Justice Canada. Les opinions exprimées dans le présent rapport sont celles de l’auteur et ne représentent pas nécessairement celles du ministère de la Justice Canada. Donna Cona 130 Slater Street, Suite 1340 Ottawa, ON K1P 6E2 www.DonnaCona.com DRAFT DISCUSSION – NOT FO Contact: Audrey Lawrence Phone: 613.234-5407 x 298 Fax: 613.234-7761 Email: [email protected] Date: February 4, 2005 Report to Justice Canada Final Report – Historical Profile of the Lakes of the Wood Area’s Mixed European-Indian and Mixed European-Inuit Ancestry Community TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 2. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 3 3. NARRATIVE............................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Pre-Contact to 1760......................................................................................................... 7 3.2. 1760 to 1803.................................................................................................................. 14 3.3.