Submission of Civic Trust Auckland
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Schedule 6 Outstanding Natural Features Overlay Schedule
Schedule 6 Outstanding Natural Features Overlay Schedule Schedule 6 Outstanding Natural Features Overlay Schedule [rcp/dp] Introduction The factors in B4.2.2(4) have been used to determine the features included in Schedule 6 Outstanding Natural Features Overlay Schedule, and will be used to assess proposed future additions to the schedule. ID Name Location Site type Description Unitary Plan criteria 2 Algies Beach Algies Bay E This site is one of the a, b, g melange best examples of an exposure of the contact between Northland Allocthon and Miocene Waitemata Group rocks. 3 Ambury Road Mangere F A complex 140m long a, b, c, lava cave Bridge lava cave with two d, g, i branches and many well- preserved flow features. Part of the cave contains unusual lava stalagmites with corresponding stalactites above. 4 Anawhata Waitākere A This locality includes a a, c, e, gorge and combination of g, i, l beach unmodified landforms, produced by the dynamic geomorphic processes of the Waitakere coast. Anawhata Beach is an exposed sandy beach, accumulated between dramatic rocky headlands. Inland from the beach, the Anawhata Stream has incised a deep gorge into the surrounding conglomerate rock. 5 Anawhata Waitākere E A well-exposed, and a, b, g, l intrusion unusual mushroom-shaped andesite intrusion in sea cliffs in a small embayment around rocks at the north side of Anawhata Beach. 6 Arataki Titirangi E The best and most easily a, c, l volcanic accessible exposure in breccia and the eastern Waitākere sandstone Ranges illustrating the interfingering nature of Auckland Unitary Plan Operative in part 1 Schedule 6 Outstanding Natural Features Overlay Schedule the coarse volcanic breccias from the Waitākere Volcano with the volcanic-poor Waitematā Basin sandstone and siltstones. -
Dilemma of Geoconservation of Monogenetic Volcanic Sites Under Fast Urbanization and Infrastructure Developments with Special Re
sustainability Article Dilemma of Geoconservation of Monogenetic Volcanic Sites under Fast Urbanization and Infrastructure Developments with Special Relevance to the Auckland Volcanic Field, New Zealand Károly Németh 1,2,3,* , Ilmars Gravis 3 and Boglárka Németh 1 1 School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; [email protected] 2 Institute of Earth Physics and Space Science, 9400 Sopron, Hungary 3 The Geoconservation Trust Aotearoa, 52 Hukutaia Road, Op¯ otiki¯ 3122, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +64-27-4791484 Abstract: Geoheritage is an important aspect in developing workable strategies for natural hazard resilience. This is reflected in the UNESCO IGCP Project (# 692. Geoheritage for Geohazard Resilience) that continues to successfully develop global awareness of the multifaced aspects of geoheritage research. Geohazards form a great variety of natural phenomena that should be properly identified, and their importance communicated to all levels of society. This is especially the case in urban areas such as Auckland. The largest socio-economic urban center in New Zealand, Auckland faces potential volcanic hazards as it sits on an active Quaternary monogenetic volcanic field. Individual volcanic geosites of young eruptive products are considered to form the foundation of community Citation: Németh, K.; Gravis, I.; outreach demonstrating causes and consequences of volcanism associated volcanism. However, in Németh, B. Dilemma of recent decades, rapid urban development has increased demand for raw materials and encroached Geoconservation of Monogenetic on natural sites which would be ideal for such outreach. The dramatic loss of volcanic geoheritage Volcanic Sites under Fast of Auckland is alarming. -
Auckland Volcanic Field Magmatism, Volcanism, and Hazard: a Review
1 This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in New Zealand 2 Journal of Geology and Geophysics on 18 March 2020, available online: 3 http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/00288306.2020.1736102 4 5 6 Auckland Volcanic Field magmatism, volcanism, and hazard: a review 7 8 9 Jenni L Hopkins*1, Elaine R Smid*2, Jennifer D Eccles2, Josh L Hayes3, Bruce W Hayward4, Lucy E McGee5, 10 Kasper van Wijk2, Thomas M Wilson3, Shane J Cronin2, Graham S Leonard6, Jan M Lindsay2, Karoly 11 Németh7, Ian E M Smith2 12 13 *Corresponding Author(s): [email protected] / [email protected] 14 15 1Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand 16 2 University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand 17 3 University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand 18 4 Geomarine Research, 19 Debron Ave, Remuera, Auckland, New Zealand 19 5 University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia 20 6 GNS Science, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand 21 7 Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand 22 23 24 25 26 27 Manuscript prepared for submission to the IAVCEI special issue of New Zealand Journal of Geology and 28 Geophysics 29 30 31 1 32 33 Keywords 34 intraplate, monogenetic volcanism, chronology, tephrochronology, volcanic hazard assessment, faulting, 35 magma ascent rates, geochemistry, eruption scenarios, New Zealand 2 36 Abstract 37 Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF) is a basaltic intraplate volcanic field in North Island, New Zealand, 38 upon which >1.6 million people live. -
Auckland Council District Plan Operative Manukau Section 2002: Plan Amendment 76
I K Maori Values Assessment Maori Values Appendix I Redoubt Road – Mill Road Corridor Project Ngati Te Ata Waiohua Maori Values Assessment for Auckland Transport Dec 2012 1 “Ka Pa Taua Ko nga Kahu Pokere Ko nga Kuri Rangaunu o Tamaki E kore e ngaro i te Hinepouri” “Our chieftainship in Tamaki will never be lost to darkness” Na Te Rangi Hahautu, Te Rangi Kaimata 2 Table of Contents Foreword 4-6 Introduction 7-9 Purpose & Authorship 10 Project Site Location 11 Definition of a Maori Values Assessment (MVA) 12-13 Ngati Te Ata Waiohua and the Treaty 14-17 Ngati Te Ata Waiohua Kaitiakitanga 18-20 Te Kaitiakitanga o Te Taio Environment 21-32 Redoubt Road – Mill Road Cultural Landscape: Traditional Relationship, Use, and Occupation & Historic Heritage Values 33-40 Conclusion & Recommendations 41-43 Sources 44 Appendices: 1. Extract from AE Tonson Old Manukau (Auckland 1966, pp.15-16) 45-46 2. Ngati Te Ata Waiohua Cultural and Archaeological Protocols 47-50 3. Ngati Te Ata Waiohua Artisans 51-52 4. Kaitiaki Native Tree Planting and Weed Clearance Team 53 Fig. 1. Puhinui Stream Forest Trail – Auckland Council ‘Walkway of the Month’ in August 2011. Source: AC web site. 3 Foreword Ngati Te Ata Waiohua’s issues and values originate from our worldview and our tikanga. They are not available to be compromised or interpreted by those without our history, our whakapapa, and our matauranga. Ngati Te Ata descends from Te Waiohua – the enduring spirit of Hua. This is a name signifi- cant to a number of Auckland iwi. -
Age of the Auckland Volcanic Field Jan Lindsay and Graham Leonard
Age of the Auckland Volcanic Field Jan Lindsay and Graham Leonard IESE Report 1-2009.02 | June 2009 ISBN: [print] 978-0-473-15316-8 [PDF] 978-0-473-15416-5 Age of the Auckland Volcanic Field Jan Lindsay1 and Graham Leonard2 1School of Environment & Institute of Earth Science and Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand; [email protected] 2GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040 New Zealand; [email protected] IESE Report 1-2009.02 | June 2009 ISBN: [print] 978-0-473-15316-8 [PDF] 978-0-473-15416-5 This report was prepared by IESE as part of the DEVORA Project. Disclaimer: While the information contained in this report is believed to be correct at the time of publication, the Institute of Earth Science and Engineering and its working parties and agents involved in preparation and publication, do not accept any liability for its contents or for any consequences arising from its use. Copyright: This work is copyright of the Institute of Earth Science and Engineering. The content may be used with acknowledgement to the Institute of Earth Science and Engineering and the appropriate citation. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2 Project objectives ..................................................................................................................... 2 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ -
Constructing a Temporal Eruption Record for the Auckland Volcanic Field Via Bayesian Age Reconciliation
Constructing a temporal eruption record for the Auckland Volcanic Field via Bayesian age reconciliation Emily Kawabata, Mark Bebbington, Shane Cronin, Ting Wang Massey University, University of Auckland, University of Otago The Auckland Volcanic Field High population density, lifelines narrowly constrained - WHERE is the next eruption likely to be? 2 Spatio-temporal hazard estimates Monogenetic volcanic fields have multiple volcanoes; a new eruption is expected to create a new volcano. Events are infrequent. For land-use and emergency planning purposes: where is the next eruption likely to be? In short time frame, answered(?) by monitoring data (seismicity, gas, ...) What about in a period of repose? Probability forecast: estimate the hazard λ(x) such that the probability of an event in the neighbourhood of x , (i.e., y:||y-x|| < ∆x) ~ λ(x) π (∆x)2 We know the spatial locations of Look for spatial patterns (events are more (most) vents likely to occur `near’ previous events?) BUT! Want PRESENT DAY hazard Does the pattern change over time? 3 The Auckland Volcanic Field 51(?) small basaltic volcanoes young (~250,000 years) Most recent eruption ~600 years ago Data: • Stratigraphy, ~33 vents constrained in at least one direction • Age determinations • Paleomagnetism ~5+ vents • C14, ~13 vents • Tephrostratigraphy, 22+ tephra in 5 locations • Ar-Ar, ~4 vents • Thermoluminesence, 2 vents • K-Ar, unreliable due to excess Ar reliability Decreasing • Relative geomorphology or weathering Also: known vent locations, reasonable volume data (Allen and Smith 1994; Kereszturi et al. 2013) 4 A Monte Carlo sample of age-orderings Name Mean Age (ka) Age Error (ka) Min Order Max Order By reverse engineering the tephra Onepoto Basin 248.4 27.8 1 7 Albert Park 229.8 39.5 1 7 dispersal, Bebbington and Cronin ..... -
Maori Gardening: an Archaeological Perspective
Maori gardening An archaeological perspective Louise Furey Published by Science & Technical Publishing Department of Conservation PO Box 10–420 Wellington, New Zealand Cover: Pa, stone row enclosures and puke (garden mounds) at Waikekeno, Wairarapa. Photo: Kevin L. Jones, DOC. © Copyright October 2006, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISBN 0–478–14122–X This report was prepared for publication by Science & Technical Publishing; editing by Lynette Clelland and Amanda Todd, and layout by Amanda Todd. Publication was approved by the Chief Scientist (Research, Development & Improvement Division), Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. In the interest of forest conservation, we support paperless electronic publishing. When printing, recycled paper is used wherever possible. CONTENTS Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Maori cultigens 10 2.1 Kumara 10 2.2 Taro 13 2.3 Yam 14 2.4 Gourd 14 2.5 Ti pore 15 2.6 Aute 16 3. Gardening techniques 17 3.1 Garden location 17 3.2 Garden size 17 3.3 Fallowing 18 3.4 Garden preparation 18 3.5 Soil additives 19 4. Limitations to growth of Maori cultigens 20 5. Archaeological evidence of Maori gardening 23 5.1 Stone structures 24 5.1.1 Stone walls and rows 24 5.1.2 Stone alignments 31 5.1.3 Stone heaps 31 5.1.4 Stone mounds 31 5.1.5 Stone facing 34 5.2 Ditches and trenches 34 5.2.1 Steep-slope trenches 36 5.2.2 Trenches on gentle slopes 38 5.2.3 Trench boundary divisions 39 5.2.4 Wetland ditches 40 5.3 Borrow pits 44 5.4 Garden soils 46 5.5 Garden terraces 52 6. -
Modern Analogues for Miocene to Pleistocene Alkali
Cent. Eur. J. Geosci. • 2(3) • 2010 • 339-361 DOI: 10.2478/v10085-010-0013-8 Central European Journal of Geosciences Modern analogues for Miocene to Pleistocene alkali basaltic phreatomagmatic fields in the Pannonian Basin: “soft-substrate” to “combined” aquifer controlled phreatomagmatism in intraplate volcanic fields Research Article Károly Németh1∗, Shane J. Cronin1, Miguel J. Haller2, Marco Brenna1, Gábor Csillag3 1 Volcanic Risk Solutions CS-INR, Massey University, PO Box 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 2 Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco – Sede Puerto Madryn, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina, 3 Geological Institute of Hungary, Department of Geological Research, Stefánia út 14, Budapest H-1143, Hungary, Received 29 April 2010; accepted 4 June 2010 Abstract: The Pannonian Basin (Central Europe) hosts numerous alkali basaltic volcanic fields in an area similar to 200 000 km2. These volcanic fields were formed in an approximate time span of 8 million years producing small- volume volcanoes typically considered to be monogenetic. Polycyclic monogenetic volcanic complexes are also common in each field however. The original morphology of volcanic landforms, especially phreatomagmatic volcanoes, is commonly modified. by erosion, commonly aided by tectonic uplift. The phreatomagmatic volcanoes eroded to the level of their sub-surface architecture expose crater to conduit filling as well as diatreme facies of pyroclastic rock assemblages. Uncertainties due to the strong erosion influenced by tectonic uplifts, fast and broad climatic changes, vegetation cover variations, and rapidly changing fluvio-lacustrine events in the past 8 million years in the Pannonian Basin have created a need to reconstruct and visualise the paleoenvironment into which the monogenetic volcanoes erupted. -
Landscape Environmental Baseline Report Final
AUCKLAND INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT PROPOSED SECOND RUNWAY LANDSCAPE BASELINE REPORT Client: Auckland International Airport Limited Project: Proposed Second Runway Report: Landscape Baseline Report Status: Final Date: 23 October 2015 Author: Gavin Lister and Matthew Jones Isthmus PO Box 90 366 Auckland 1142 +64 9 309 7281 [email protected] 151023_3346_GL_AIAL Second Runway_Landscape and Urban Design Baseline Report_p.2 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 5 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 7 ANALYSIS OF EXISTING LANDSCAPE .................................................................................... 8 ‘Northern Area of Influence’ ............................................................................................... 8 Northern Landscape ........................................................................................................... 8 Natural features ............................................................................................................................ 8 Activities and aesthetics ............................................................................................................... 8 History ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Future airport urban centre ......................................................................................................... -
PREHISTORIC PA SITES of METROPOLITAN AUCKLAND by Bruce W. Hayward SUMMARY One Hundred and Ninety-Eight Prehistoric Pa (=Forts) A
TANE 29, 1983 PREHISTORIC PA SITES OF METROPOLITAN AUCKLAND by Bruce W. Hayward New Zealand Geological Survey, P. O. Box 30368, Lower Hutt SUMMARY One hundred and ninety-eight prehistoric pa (=forts) are known from the Auckland metropolitan area and over half of these have traceable Maori names. At least 20% of the sites have been completely destroyed and another 20% have suffered extensive damage caused by land ploughing, urban sprawl, quarrying, public works and marine erosion. Most pa in the area were built between 1450 and 1830, with the majority probably constructed during the late 16th to early 18th centuries when the area had its largest prehistoric population. Distribution of pa sites reflects the distribution of the prehistoric population. Inland pa are clustered around Auckland's volcanoes where extensive gardens were established on the rich volcanic soils. Others are associated with smaller gardens on the islands of the inner Hauraki Gulf and the lower valleys on the west coast of the Waitakere Ranges. Coastal pa were built along most shorelines with a notable exception being the western and southern shores of the inner Waitemata Harbour. The pa sites are classified as: 1. Volcanic hill pa - large sites with extensively terraced slopes and upper portion often fortified with pallisades; sometimes a few ditch defences across crater rims. 2. Ridge and hill pa - moderate-sized sites, often with ditch and bank defences on 1 or 2 sides. 3. Coastal headland pa - small to moderate size, usually with ditch defences across the landward side. 4. Clifftop pa - small size, naturally cliffed defences on one side with other 3 sides ringed with ditch and bank defences. -
Archaeological Investigations at the Waimahia Inlet Residential Development (HPA Authority 2014/574)
Archaeological investigations at the Waimahia Inlet Residential Development (HPA authority 2014/574) report to Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga and Tamaki Makaurau Community Housing Ltd Arden Cruickshank and Jaden Harris CFG Heritage Ltd. P.O. Box 10 015 Dominion Road Auckland 1024 ph. (09) 309 2426 [email protected] Archaeological investigations at the Waimahia Inlet Residential Development (HPA authority 2014/574) report to Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga and Tamaki Makaurau Community Housing Ltd Prepared by: Arden Cruickshank Reviewed by: Date: 15 July 2014 Matthew Campbell Reference: 13-0555 Th is report is made available by CFG Heritage Ltd under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/. CFG Heritage Ltd. P.O. Box 10 015 Dominion Road Auckland 1024 ph. (09) 309 2426 [email protected] Report distribution New Zealand Historic Paces Trust, Auckland New Zealand Archaeological Association (fi le copy) CFG Heritage Ltd (fi le copy) University of Auckland General Library University of Otago Anthropology Department Tamaki Makaurau Community Housing Ltd Te Akitai Waiohua Nga Manawhenua o Tamaki Makaurau – Tamaki Collective electronic copies may be obtained from www.cfgheritage.com/13_0555waimahiainlet.pdf Introduction Tamaki Makaurau Community Housing Ltd are establishing an aff ordable hous- ing development of up to 300 residential units on Crown Land at Weymouth (Sec 1 SO 362124), a block of 15.9 ha east of Weymouth Road and west of Waimahia Creek (Figure 1). A super lot consent and bulk earth works consent has been granted by the Auckland Council to commence site works (ref: 42510 SP 11081). -
A Large Mäori Settlement on a Volcanic Cone in Auckland, New Zealand
Tuhinga 22: 19–100 Copyright © Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (2011) Archaeological investigations at Maungarei: A large Mäori settlement on a volcanic cone in Auckland, New Zealand Janet Davidson Honorary Research Associate, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa 2324 Queen Charlotte Drive, RD1 Picton, New Zealand ([email protected]) ABSTRACT: Salvage excavations on the volcanic cone of Maungarei between 1960 and 1972 revealed a complex history of terrace construction and use, reflecting repeated occupations in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries AD. The crater rim was extensively modified in the eighteenth century, after which use of the site seems to have ceased. Occupation of the cone was probably prompted by the need for defence, but it appears that only the two high points of the rim were actually fortified. A major use of the terraces was for roofed storage pits for garden produce. Artefacts are typical of what is known of Auckland area material culture, showing reliance on local rocks of the Waipapa series for adzes, although obsidian was imported from five source areas. Food remains reflect a reliance on fish and shellfish for protein. The predominant fish catch was snapper, with a remarkable size range suggesting a variety of capture methods. Charcoal and mammal and bird identifications are described in specialist appendices. The charcoal and faunal remains show that the local environment was already highly modified by Mäori when the northern slopes of Maungarei were occupied. Maungarei meets the criteria for a transient settlement. Although the Auckland volcanic cones are usually perceived as exceptionally large sites, with populations numbering in the thousands, it is argued that the population of Maungarei at any one time would have been no greater than the number that could take refuge in, and defend, the larger of the two citadel areas.