DOCSLIB.ORG

Spanish Policy Towards Morocco (1986-2002); the Impact of EC/EU Membership

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Spanish Policy Towards Morocco (1986-2002); the Impact of EC/EU Membership Spanish Policy towards Morocco (1986-2002); the impact of EC/EU membership Jordi Vaquer i Fanes UMI Number: U615852 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615852 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Spanish Policy towards Morocco (1986-2002); the impact of EC/EU membership Jordi Vaquer i Fanes Supervisors: Professor Christopher Hill and Dr Karen Smith London School of Economics and Political Science PhD in International Relations September 2004 Word Count: 107,356 words, including 97,613 in main text and 9,743 in footnotes 1 TH£S£S F S 3 ^ " w Library Bntrsrt uw w y a t Political and Economic Science Spanish policy towards Morocco Abstract m Accession to the European Community in 1986 profoundly changed the ary foreign policy of democratic Spain. Since then the international and regional contexts have changed, new actors have emerged, and the entire formulation ofPolitical sScience of foreign policy has evolved substantially. EC/EU membership has been the framework of this transformation, but it has also often been the very cause of some of the most substantial changes. This thesis analyses the transformation of Spanish foreign policy through a case study of policy towards Morocco, arguably the most complicated bilateral partner for any Spanish democratic government. The thesis uses the concept of Europeanisation, defined as the process of foreign policy change at the national level originated by the adaptation pressures and the new opportunities generated by the European integration process. It focuses on four areas of the policy towards Morocco: fisheries, economic exchanges, immigration and territorial issues. The analysis shows that four themes of Europeanisation have been important, but in an asymmetrical way in each area. Thus, 1) the balance between new instruments and new constraints has been most influential in areas where there is an EC competence, such as fisheries or trade; 2) changes in identity and re-definition of interests have been very relevant in economic and commercial issues and in immigration, but almost non-existent in relation to territorial issues or fisheries; 3) changes in decision-making have been crucial in fisheries, a common policy, but also in immigration, which is still in the hands of member states; and 4) Europeanisation through the domestic context has been witnessed in new policy areas (development co-operation, immigration control) but not in traditional issues (Western Sahara, fisheries). The conclusion explains this variation in the impact in each issue area as the result of several factors: the weight of previous decisions and the historical background, the institutional set-up at European level, the ability of domestic and bureaucratic actors to exploit the new opportunities and the changes in external factors such as the regional context. These findings are helpful both 2 Spanish policy towards Morocco in understanding Spanish policy towards Morocco and in characterising the phenomenon of the Europeanisation of a foreign policy. 3 Spanish policy towards Morocco Contents Summary of contents Introduction Chapter 1: The theoretical starting-point Chapter 2: The Spanish- Moroccan relationship Chapter 3: Fisheries (dis)agreements Chapter 4: Economic and commercial relations Chapter 5: Immigration matters Chapter 6: Territorial and post-colonial disputes Chapter 7: Conclusions. Europeanisation and its limits Sources 4 Spanish policy towards Morocco Table of contents ABSTRACT. ......................................................................................................................2 CONTENTS..................................................................................................... 4 A cknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 9 A bbreviations .....................................................................................................................11 Ta b l e s a n d F ig u r e s ......................................................................................................... 14 Translations ....................................................................................................................... 16 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 17 CHAPTER 1: THE THEORETICAL STARTING-POINT .............................22 1.1 T he n e w c o n t e x t ....................................................................................................... 22 A changing foreign policy environment..................................................22 Foreign policy in a European context..................................................... 27 Internal sources of foreign policy change...............................................32 1.2 The im pact of E C /E U m e m b e r sh ip ....................................................................35 Europeanisation and foreign policy........................................................ 35 The limits of Europeanisation................................................................. 39 1.3 T he r esea r ch a g e n d a ............................................................................................. 45 Theme 1: new constraints and the search for new instruments..............45 Theme 2: identity, interests and preference formation............................47 Theme 3: policy-making.......................................................................... 49 Theme 4: Europeanisation and the domestic context..............................51 1.4 The st u d y of Spa n ish policy to w ar d s M o r o c c o ....................................53 The choice o f the case study.................................................................... 53 Methodology........................................................... 54 1.5 C o n c l u s io n ................................................................................................................... 58 CHAPTER 2: THESPANISH-MOROCCANRELATIONSHIP .................. 60 2.1 The leg a c y of h isto r y ..........................................................................................61 Colonialism and de-colonisation............................................................. 61 5 Spanish policy towards Morocco A troubled neighbourliness: the years o f transition................................ 66 Towards a new approach........................................................................ 69 2.2 A NEW CONTEXT.............................................................................................................72 The western Mediterranean and the Cold War....................................... 73 The northern shore: integration and exclusion....................................... 76 The southern shore: opportunities and tensions..................................... 79 2.3 S pa n ish interest in M o r o c c o : co n tin u ity a n d c h a n g e ......................83 Traditional interests................................................................................ 83 Looking for a buffer of common interests............................................... 86 Morocco, the Maghreb, the Mediterranean............................................ 93 2 .4 C o n c l u s io n s ......................................................................................... 96 CHAPTER 3: FISHERIES (DIS)AGREEMENTS ............................................99 3.1 Th e C o m m o n F isheries P o licy a n d Spa n ish in t e r e s t s ........................ 99 The Common Fisheries Policy.............................................................. 100 Brussels as a location of policy-making................................................ 103 The national arena in Spain.................................................................. 106 3.2 F ish in g in M o r o ccan G r o u n d s ........................................................................110 Fisheries negotiations before accession................................................ 110 Accession to the EC and the first EC/Morocco agreements................. 113 A solution to a major crisis................................................................... 118 The end o f a long story.......................................................................... 122 3.3 Th e im pact of EC m e m b er sh ip ...........................................................................125 The balance sheet .................................................................................. 125 Whose interest?..................................................................................... 129 Multi-level decision making.................................................................. 131 3.4 C o n c l u s io n s .............................................................................................................. 134 CHAPTER 4: ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL RELATIONS
Load more

Recommended publications
  • War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
    Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • MELANI CAMMETT Department of Political Science Box 1844 Brown University Providence, RI 02912 USA Tel
    MELANI CAMMETT Department of Political Science Box 1844 Brown University Providence, RI 02912 U.S.A. Tel. (+1) 401-863-1570 Fax: (+1) 401-863-7018 E-mail: [email protected] Websites: www.melanicammett.net, https://research.brown.edu/myresearch/Melani_Cammett ACADEMIC POSITIONS Professor, Department of Political Science, Brown University. July 2014 – present. Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Brown University. July 2009 – June 2014. Takemi Fellow in International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, supported by the New Directions Fellowship, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, August 2013 – June 2014. Director, Watson Institute Postdoctoral Fellows Program, Brown University. September 2013 – present. Faculty Fellow, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University. September 2013 – present. Faculty Fellow, Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University. January 2012 – present. Dupee Faculty Fellow, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University. July 2012 – June 2013. Director, Middle East Studies Program, Brown University. September 2009 – June 2012. Kutayba Alghanim Assistant Professor of Political Economy and Assistant Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, Brown University. July 2005-June 2009. Academy Scholar, Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, The Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. 2005-2006, 2007-2008. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Brown University. July 2002-July 2005. Cammett CV Page 1 EDUCATION Ph.D. University of California at Berkeley. Political Science. December 2002. M.A. University of California at Berkeley. Political Science. 1996 M.A. The Fletcher School, Tufts University. International Relations. 1994 Fields: Development Economics, International Conflict Resolution B.A. Brown University. International Relations. 1991 BOOKS Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon.
    [Show full text]
  • Morocco 2014: the Return of Authoritarianism
    Geographical Overview | Maghreb Panorama Morocco 2014: The Return of Authoritarianism Maâti Monjib (PJD) heading the coalition seems to have definitively Professor come to terms with royal hegemony over the execu- Mohammed V University, Rabat tive branch. It thus relinquished a democratic inter- pretation of the 2011 Constitution granting the exec- utive branch substantial powers while turning various Geographical Overview | Maghreb Geographical Overview 2014 was the third year of the Benkirane administra- royal powers – formerly discretionary – into limited tion. The cabinet led by him resulted from the early powers. After this reshuffle, control over key minis- elections brought on by the 20 February Movement tries such as those of the Interior, Foreign Affairs and protests (the Moroccan version of the so-called Education by palace officials has made the little pow- ‘Arab’ Spring) occurring over the course of 2011. er held by the Prime Minister dwindle even more. This is the first time in Moroccan history that an Isla- This return to pre-2011 monarchic authoritarianism mist party independent from the monarchy is head- has been accompanied by an increase in the weight ing the government. In any case, Benkirane, a mod- of security agencies in decision-making processes. erate conservative leader, only managed to stay at This is implicitly justified by the real threats to the the head of the coalition government during the sec- country by extremist groups, whether loyal to Daesh 176 ond half of 2013 by making significant political con- or al-Qaeda. Some two thousand Moroccans, a cessions to the pre-Arab Spring establishment, par- large part of them bearing European passports, are ticularly insofar as sharing power with the royal participating in the combats in Syria, Iraq and other palace camp.
    [Show full text]
  • Greening the Agriculture System: Morocco's Political Failure In
    Greening the Agriculture System: Morocco’s Political Failure in Building a Sustainable Model for Development By Jihane Benamar Mentored by Dr. Harry Verhoeven A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Honors in International Politics, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Spring 2018. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2 • THE MOROCCAN PUZZLE .................................................................................................... 5 • WHY IS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT FOR MOROCCO? .............................. 7 • WHY THE PLAN MAROC VERT? .......................................................................................... 8 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 13 • A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR “DEVELOPMENT”....................................................... 14 • ROSTOW, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS (SAPS) & THE OLD DEVELOPMENT DISCOURSE ......................................................................................................................... 19 • THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPMENT .............................................................. 24 • SUSTAINABILITY AND THE DISCOURSE ON DEVELOPMENT & AGRICULTURE ................
    [Show full text]
  • The Legal Issues Involved in the Western Sahara Dispute
    The Legal Issues Involved In The Western Sahara Dispute The Principle of Self-Determination and the Legal Claims of Morocco COMMITTEE ON THE UNITED NATIONS JUNE 2012 NEW YORK CITY BAR ASSOCIATION 42 WEST 44TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10036 THE LEGAL ISSUES INVOLVED IN THE WESTERN SAHARA DISPUTE THE PRINCIPLE OF SELF-DETERMINATION Table of Contents Contents Page PART I: FACTUAL BACKGROUND....................................................................................... 3 PART II: ENTITLEMENT OF THE PEOPLE OF WESTERN SAHARA TO SELF- DETERMINATION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW ........................................................... 22 I. THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW: GENERAL PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................ 22 A. Historical Development of the Right to Self-Determination ................................................ 23 B. The United Nations Charter and Non-Self-Governing Territories ....................................... 26 C. Status of Right as Customary Law and a Peremptory Norm ................................................ 27 D. People Entitled to Invoke the Right ...................................................................................... 32 E. Geographic Boundaries on the Right to Self-Determination ................................................ 34 F. Exceptions to the Right to Self-Determination ..................................................................... 38 II. THE COUNTERVAILING RIGHT TO TERRITORIAL
    [Show full text]
  • A Specific Factors Model with Unemployment and Energy Imports
    Economic Modelling 40 (2014) 269–274 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Economic Modelling journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecmod Morocco and the US Free Trade Agreement: A specific factors model with unemployment and energy imports Mostafa Malki a, Henry Thompson b,⁎ a University of North Texas - Dallas, United States b Auburn University, United States article info abstract Article history: This paper examines the impact in Morocco of its pending free trade agreement with the US in a specific factors Accepted 16 April 2014 model with unemployment and energy imports. Projected price scenarios across eight industries lead to adjust- Available online 11 May 2014 ments in outputs, energy imports, rural wages, urban wages, and the unemployment rate. The model predicts substantial adjustments for reasonable price scenarios. Rural wages fall unless agriculture is subsidized. Unem- Keywords: ployment, assumed inversely related to output, is sensitive to price changes. Factor substitution only affects Morocco Free trade agreement the degree of output adjustments. Adjustments in capital returns lead to industrial investment and subsequent Unemployment long run output adjustments. Energy imports © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Specific factors model The US Morocco Free Trade Agreement USMFTA promises to elimi- to the economy of Morocco. Separate adjustments in the returns to in- nate trade barriers between the two countries over a period of dustrial capital lead to long run investment and output adjustments. 25 years. Morocco will import more agricultural products, manufactur- The paper includes sensitivity analysis for a number of assumptions in- ing, telecommunications, and financial services from the US. The net cluding the degree of factor substitution and various price change gains from trade, however, will come with economic adjustments.
    [Show full text]
  • Tome Ii: Brief Curriculum Vitae
    Short CV Saad MRANI, MD, PhD Date of Birth: 07/06/1968 Nationality: Moroccan ADDRESS: Department of Virology- Mohammed V University Hospital, BP 6704 Madinat Al Irfane- Rabat. Morocco Mobile: +212661116123 E-mail: [email protected] POSITION TITLE Director of the Research Center in Genomics of Human Pathologies. Mohammed V University of Rabat. OTHER POSITIONS · 2018: Director of Clinical Biology Specialty Degree. Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences. Casablanca.Morocco. · 2009-2016: Head of Department of Virology - Mohammed V University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco. · 2009-Present: Head of Medical Virology Research Team. University Mohammed V, Rabat. · 2008-Present: Scientific consultant for Biosafety and Biosecurity, University Mohammed V Rabat (UM5R) · 2007-2009: Head of Research and Biosafety Laboratory (NSB3) at the Mohammed V Military University Hospital, Rabat. · 2007-Present: Professor of Virology- Mohamed V University- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy - Rabat- Morocco · 2002- 2007: Associate Researcher position at INSERM- FRANCE (National Institute of Health and Medical Research) - 1996-2001: MD, Resident physician in medical biology at the university hospital Ibn Sina. Rabat -Morocco EDUCATION and DEGREES · 2012: University Degree in Biological and Medical Engineering-Valorisation of Biomedical Research and Innovation. - Faculty of Medicine Pierre and Marie Curie. · 2007: Full Professor of Medical Virology. University Mohamed V -Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat · 2007: Ph.D., Molecular Biology, University Lyon1. France. · 2006: Certificate in management of Nuclear, Radiologic, Chimical and Biological Threats. Grenoble, France · 2005-2006: University Degree in Bio-Terrorism and agents class 3 et 4. Faculty of Medecine La Timone, CHU Marseille, France. · 2004-2005: University Degree in Epidemiology and Investigational Methods for Communicable Diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • Trading Mechanisms, Return's Volatility and Efficiency in the Casablanca
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Trading mechanisms, return’s volatility and efficiency in the Casablanca Stock Exchange FERROUHI, El Mehdi and EZZAHID, Elhadj Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco July 2013 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/77322/ MPRA Paper No. 77322, posted 06 Mar 2017 15:24 UTC Trading mechanisms, return’s volatility and efficiency in the Casablanca Stock Exchange El Mehdi FERROUHI and Elhadj EZZAHID Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco This paper studies the impact of the stock market continuity on the returns volatility and on the market efficiency in the Casablanca Stock Exchange. For the most active stocks, the trading mechanism used is the continuous market which is preceded by a call market pre-opening session. Results obtained concerning return volatility and efficiency under the two trading mechanisms show that the continuous market returns are more volatile than the call market returns and 50 percent of stocks studied show independence between variations. Keywords: Trading mechanism, microstructure, call market, continuous market, efficiency, volatility 1. Introduction The microstructure of financial markets is the discipline that studies the modalities of the operational functioning of financial markets and the mechanisms that lead to the determination of prices at which stocks are exchanged. Thus, it discusses the impact of trading mechanisms on the pattern of financial markets. In this paper we will focus in the impacts of trading mechanisms, which differ from a market to other, on return’s volatility and market efficiency. Some stock markets apply the “call market” in which trading and orders executions occur at regular time intervals. All transactions are conducted at a single price determined to balance the sales and purchases orders.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration, Development and Gender in Morocco
    Migration,DevelopmentandGenderinMorocco MohaEnnaji UniversityofFes,Morocco 1.Introduction Moroccan males migrate from rural and urban areas to Europe, mainly France, Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Holland. The genesis of this migration showst hatthisitisarecentphenomenon(Lapeyronni1992,Berradaetal,1994, Chattou1998).ThefirstwavesofmigrantsleftMoroccointhe1950sand1960s; thenmigrationtoWesternEuropeincreasedinthe1970sand1980s.Inthe1950s, 1960s,and1970s,le galandillegalmigrationco -existedandweretoleratedas Europe needed manpower (Chattou 1998). Consequently, the first waves of migrantsrelativelysucceededtoimprovetheirstandardsoflivingandtakecare oftheirfamiliesinbothMoroccoandtheh ostcountries.However,fromthemid - 1980s onward, the increase in migration was counterbalanced by the implementationofthevisaandtheShengenagreementwhichreinforcedcontrol onmigrantsfromMoroccotoEurope.Thisresultedinthespreadofnewfo rmsof illegalmigration. The extent of present-day male migration from Morocco to Europe is difficulttomeasuregivenitsillegalside.Statisticsshowthatthemajorityofthese migrantsarenotaccompaniedbytheirfamilies(seeHamdouchetal,1981). The causes of migration have witnessed an evolution since the 1960s and 1970s: whereasthefirstwavesofmigrantswereinsearchofabetterincome,present- daymigrantsaregenerallyunemployedandleaveMoroccoinsearchofjobs.The change in the cau ses of migration reflects concomitant changes in the socio - economicstructuresofMoroccoandthehostcountries. Thedurationofmigrationhasalsowitnessedchange:whereasmigrantsof thefirstwavesstayedlongerinthehostcountries,present-daymig
    [Show full text]
  • MOROCCO and ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles
    www.westafricaninsight.org V ol 5. No 2. 2017 ISSN 2006-1544 WestIAN fSrI iGcHaT MOROCCO’s ACCESSION TO ECOWAS Centre for Democracy and Development TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial 2 ECOWAS Expansion Versus Integration: Dynamics and Realities 3 ISSUES AND OPTIONS In Morocco's Quest to 11 join the ECOWAS THE ACCESSION of The Kingdom of Morocco to the Economic Community 20 of West African States MOROCCO‟s APPLICATION TO JOIN ECOWAS: A SOFT-POWER ANALYSIS 27 MOROCCO AND ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles Centre for Democracy and Development W ebsit e: www .cddw estafrica.or g 16, A7 Street, Mount Pleasant Estate, : [email protected] Jabi-Airport Road, Mbora District, : @CDDWestAfrica Abuja, FCT. P.O.Box 14385 www.facebook.com 234 7098212524 Centr efor democracy .anddev elopment Kindly send us your feed back on this edition via: [email protected] Cover picture source: Other pictures source: Internet The Centre for Democracy and Development and the Open Society Initiative for West Africa are not responsible for the views expressed in this publication Chukwuemeka Eze makes the argument that Editorial Morocco's application to join ECOWAS is moved by his December, the Economic Community of self-interest. Morocco is seeking to position itself as a West African States (ECOWAS) has to decide continental power sitting at the top of the political whether Morocco's application to join should and economic table in Africa. By joining ECOWAS T Morocco would have additional opportunities and be accepted or thrown out. Jibrin Ibrahim makes the case that ECOWAS should not allow itself to be benefits in the international community and would stampeded into accepting Morocco into its fold also benefit from the Arab League quota as well as without thinking through the implications for its core West African quota.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Direct Investments Inflow and Outflow in the Sub-Regions of Africa and Its Trade with the World
    Journal of Economics, Business and Management, Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2018 Foreign Direct Investments Inflow and Outflow in the Sub-regions of Africa and Its Trade with the World Y. Evans, C. Kesse, and O. Isaac the inpouring of foreign direct investment to Africa has Abstract—This study assessed and provides a holistic expanded during this century, but the inflow of the FDI is Literature review of the flow of investment and the analysis on uniformly diffused across the continent. For an illustration, South Africa and Morocco imports and exports. By examining nations in the Northern and Southern Africa appreciate the impact and projections of Africa’s trade contribution to bigger FDI inflows than East and West African nations [2]. the world’s development through the export and import of From 1990 to 2017 the inflow of the FDI to the eastern and merchandise trade, it was realized that, Africa trading trends central part of Africa has been very low as a result of war in the United States and the Europeans have changed currently and rather, there has been a diversification in export outbreak, lack of sound investment policies and political and import trade destination by the African continent. instability in these regions. The outward FDI by the African Africa’s trading with the European Union has been switched countries are comparatively low to the inflow of FDI on the to the Asian continent with China now the largest trading continent. In spite of the high dependency on foreign direct partner in Africa after the world economic crises in 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    RESTRICTED fILE COPY Report No. P-453 Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A Public Disclosure Authorized PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CREDIT TO THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO FOR AN EDUCATION PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized September 24, 1965 INTERNA.TIONAL DEVELOPPIENT ASSOCIATION REPORT AND RECMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CREDIT TO THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO FOR AN EDUCATION PROJECT 1. I submit herewith the following report and recommendation on a proposed development credit in various currencies equivalent to $11 million to the Kingdom of Morocco to help finance an education project. PART I - HISTORICAL 2. In November 1964., the Government of Morocco submitted an applica- tion to Bank/IDA for a loan or credit for financial assistance in the construction and equipment of 21 schools offering general and special- ized education and training at the secondary level. The appraisal mission visited Morocco in March and April 1965. 3. Previous missions to Morocco concerned with education included a Unesco Educational Investments Programming Mission (1963) and a Bank Economic Survey Mission (1964): the relevant sections of their reports were available to the members of the appraisal mission. 4. The proposed credit would be the first operation of the Associa- tion in Morocco. In December 1962, the Bank made a $15 million loan (and IFC joined with a $1.5 million investment) to Morocco's Development Bank (BNDE).
    [Show full text]