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The Social Life of Khadi: Gandhi's Experiments with the Indian
The Social Life of Khadi: Gandhi’s Experiments with the Indian Economy, c. 1915-1965 by Leslie Hempson A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Farina Mir, Co-Chair Professor Mrinalini Sinha, Co-Chair Associate Professor William Glover Associate Professor Matthew Hull Leslie Hempson [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5195-1605 © Leslie Hempson 2018 DEDICATION To my parents, whose love and support has accompanied me every step of the way ii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ii LIST OF FIGURES iv LIST OF ACRONYMS v GLOSSARY OF KEY TERMS vi ABSTRACT vii INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL DIVIDE 23 CHAPTER 2: ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS 53 CHAPTER 3: WRITING THE ECONOMY 89 CHAPTER 4: SPINNING EMPLOYMENT 130 CONCLUSION 179 APPENDIX: WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 183 BIBLIOGRAPHY 184 iii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1 Advertisement for a list of businesses certified by AISA 59 3.1 A set of scales with coins used as weights 117 4.1 The ambar charkha in three-part form 146 4.2 Illustration from a KVIC album showing Mother India cradling the ambar 150 charkha 4.3 Illustration from a KVIC album showing giant hand cradling the ambar charkha 151 4.4 Illustration from a KVIC album showing the ambar charkha on a pedestal with 152 a modified version of the motto of the Indian republic on the front 4.5 Illustration from a KVIC album tracing the charkha to Mohenjo Daro 158 4.6 Illustration from a KVIC album tracing -
GK Digest : December 2016
GK Digest : December 2016 India lifts Asian Champions Trophy The week is observed every year from 31st October, the birthday Anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. India has lifted the Men’s Asian Champions Trophy Hockey at Wisma Belia Hockey Stadium,Kuantan, Gujarati new year celebrated Malaysia. New Year Bestu Varas is being celebrated with India has defeated defending champions Pakistan 3-2 traditional zeal and fervour in Gujarat. to win the tournament. The next day after Diwali is marked as the beginning Earlier, India had won the inaugural edition of the of Hindu New Year Vikram Savanstar, which is Asian Champions Trophy by defeating Pakistan in the celebrated across Gujarat as a new year. final in 2011. The day is of special significance for traders and 31st October: World Cities Day businessmen as it is marked the beginning of the financial year for them and the new ledgers are The World is observing Cities Day with the opened on this auspicious day. commitment to work together for a planned and sustainable urban life in the wake of rapid growth of World Bank appoints Kristalina Georgieva population and problems. as chief executive This year, the United Nations (UN) has selected the The Former head of EU humanitarian affairs and vice- theme “Inclusive Cities, Shared Development” to president of the European commission Kristalina highlight the important role of urbanization as a Georgieva has been appointed the chief executive of source of global development and social inclusion. the World Bank. Vigilance Awareness Week being Recently, she lost out in the race to become United observed Nations (UN) secretary general. -
MELANI CAMMETT Department of Political Science Box 1844 Brown University Providence, RI 02912 USA Tel
MELANI CAMMETT Department of Political Science Box 1844 Brown University Providence, RI 02912 U.S.A. Tel. (+1) 401-863-1570 Fax: (+1) 401-863-7018 E-mail: [email protected] Websites: www.melanicammett.net, https://research.brown.edu/myresearch/Melani_Cammett ACADEMIC POSITIONS Professor, Department of Political Science, Brown University. July 2014 – present. Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Brown University. July 2009 – June 2014. Takemi Fellow in International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, supported by the New Directions Fellowship, Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, August 2013 – June 2014. Director, Watson Institute Postdoctoral Fellows Program, Brown University. September 2013 – present. Faculty Fellow, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University. September 2013 – present. Faculty Fellow, Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University. January 2012 – present. Dupee Faculty Fellow, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University. July 2012 – June 2013. Director, Middle East Studies Program, Brown University. September 2009 – June 2012. Kutayba Alghanim Assistant Professor of Political Economy and Assistant Professor of Political Science, Department of Political Science, Brown University. July 2005-June 2009. Academy Scholar, Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, The Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. 2005-2006, 2007-2008. Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Brown University. July 2002-July 2005. Cammett CV Page 1 EDUCATION Ph.D. University of California at Berkeley. Political Science. December 2002. M.A. University of California at Berkeley. Political Science. 1996 M.A. The Fletcher School, Tufts University. International Relations. 1994 Fields: Development Economics, International Conflict Resolution B.A. Brown University. International Relations. 1991 BOOKS Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon. -
A Specific Factors Model with Unemployment and Energy Imports
Economic Modelling 40 (2014) 269–274 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Economic Modelling journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecmod Morocco and the US Free Trade Agreement: A specific factors model with unemployment and energy imports Mostafa Malki a, Henry Thompson b,⁎ a University of North Texas - Dallas, United States b Auburn University, United States article info abstract Article history: This paper examines the impact in Morocco of its pending free trade agreement with the US in a specific factors Accepted 16 April 2014 model with unemployment and energy imports. Projected price scenarios across eight industries lead to adjust- Available online 11 May 2014 ments in outputs, energy imports, rural wages, urban wages, and the unemployment rate. The model predicts substantial adjustments for reasonable price scenarios. Rural wages fall unless agriculture is subsidized. Unem- Keywords: ployment, assumed inversely related to output, is sensitive to price changes. Factor substitution only affects Morocco Free trade agreement the degree of output adjustments. Adjustments in capital returns lead to industrial investment and subsequent Unemployment long run output adjustments. Energy imports © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Specific factors model The US Morocco Free Trade Agreement USMFTA promises to elimi- to the economy of Morocco. Separate adjustments in the returns to in- nate trade barriers between the two countries over a period of dustrial capital lead to long run investment and output adjustments. 25 years. Morocco will import more agricultural products, manufactur- The paper includes sensitivity analysis for a number of assumptions in- ing, telecommunications, and financial services from the US. The net cluding the degree of factor substitution and various price change gains from trade, however, will come with economic adjustments. -
Migration, Development and Gender in Morocco
Migration,DevelopmentandGenderinMorocco MohaEnnaji UniversityofFes,Morocco 1.Introduction Moroccan males migrate from rural and urban areas to Europe, mainly France, Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Holland. The genesis of this migration showst hatthisitisarecentphenomenon(Lapeyronni1992,Berradaetal,1994, Chattou1998).ThefirstwavesofmigrantsleftMoroccointhe1950sand1960s; thenmigrationtoWesternEuropeincreasedinthe1970sand1980s.Inthe1950s, 1960s,and1970s,le galandillegalmigrationco -existedandweretoleratedas Europe needed manpower (Chattou 1998). Consequently, the first waves of migrantsrelativelysucceededtoimprovetheirstandardsoflivingandtakecare oftheirfamiliesinbothMoroccoandtheh ostcountries.However,fromthemid - 1980s onward, the increase in migration was counterbalanced by the implementationofthevisaandtheShengenagreementwhichreinforcedcontrol onmigrantsfromMoroccotoEurope.Thisresultedinthespreadofnewfo rmsof illegalmigration. The extent of present-day male migration from Morocco to Europe is difficulttomeasuregivenitsillegalside.Statisticsshowthatthemajorityofthese migrantsarenotaccompaniedbytheirfamilies(seeHamdouchetal,1981). The causes of migration have witnessed an evolution since the 1960s and 1970s: whereasthefirstwavesofmigrantswereinsearchofabetterincome,present- daymigrantsaregenerallyunemployedandleaveMoroccoinsearchofjobs.The change in the cau ses of migration reflects concomitant changes in the socio - economicstructuresofMoroccoandthehostcountries. Thedurationofmigrationhasalsowitnessedchange:whereasmigrantsof thefirstwavesstayedlongerinthehostcountries,present-daymig -
MOROCCO and ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles
www.westafricaninsight.org V ol 5. No 2. 2017 ISSN 2006-1544 WestIAN fSrI iGcHaT MOROCCO’s ACCESSION TO ECOWAS Centre for Democracy and Development TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial 2 ECOWAS Expansion Versus Integration: Dynamics and Realities 3 ISSUES AND OPTIONS In Morocco's Quest to 11 join the ECOWAS THE ACCESSION of The Kingdom of Morocco to the Economic Community 20 of West African States MOROCCO‟s APPLICATION TO JOIN ECOWAS: A SOFT-POWER ANALYSIS 27 MOROCCO AND ECOWAS: Picking Cherries and 32 Dismantling Core Principles Centre for Democracy and Development W ebsit e: www .cddw estafrica.or g 16, A7 Street, Mount Pleasant Estate, : [email protected] Jabi-Airport Road, Mbora District, : @CDDWestAfrica Abuja, FCT. P.O.Box 14385 www.facebook.com 234 7098212524 Centr efor democracy .anddev elopment Kindly send us your feed back on this edition via: [email protected] Cover picture source: Other pictures source: Internet The Centre for Democracy and Development and the Open Society Initiative for West Africa are not responsible for the views expressed in this publication Chukwuemeka Eze makes the argument that Editorial Morocco's application to join ECOWAS is moved by his December, the Economic Community of self-interest. Morocco is seeking to position itself as a West African States (ECOWAS) has to decide continental power sitting at the top of the political whether Morocco's application to join should and economic table in Africa. By joining ECOWAS T Morocco would have additional opportunities and be accepted or thrown out. Jibrin Ibrahim makes the case that ECOWAS should not allow itself to be benefits in the international community and would stampeded into accepting Morocco into its fold also benefit from the Arab League quota as well as without thinking through the implications for its core West African quota. -
Foreign Direct Investments Inflow and Outflow in the Sub-Regions of Africa and Its Trade with the World
Journal of Economics, Business and Management, Vol. 6, No. 1, February 2018 Foreign Direct Investments Inflow and Outflow in the Sub-regions of Africa and Its Trade with the World Y. Evans, C. Kesse, and O. Isaac the inpouring of foreign direct investment to Africa has Abstract—This study assessed and provides a holistic expanded during this century, but the inflow of the FDI is Literature review of the flow of investment and the analysis on uniformly diffused across the continent. For an illustration, South Africa and Morocco imports and exports. By examining nations in the Northern and Southern Africa appreciate the impact and projections of Africa’s trade contribution to bigger FDI inflows than East and West African nations [2]. the world’s development through the export and import of From 1990 to 2017 the inflow of the FDI to the eastern and merchandise trade, it was realized that, Africa trading trends central part of Africa has been very low as a result of war in the United States and the Europeans have changed currently and rather, there has been a diversification in export outbreak, lack of sound investment policies and political and import trade destination by the African continent. instability in these regions. The outward FDI by the African Africa’s trading with the European Union has been switched countries are comparatively low to the inflow of FDI on the to the Asian continent with China now the largest trading continent. In spite of the high dependency on foreign direct partner in Africa after the world economic crises in 2008. -
World Bank Document
RESTRICTED fILE COPY Report No. P-453 Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A Public Disclosure Authorized PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CREDIT TO THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO FOR AN EDUCATION PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized September 24, 1965 INTERNA.TIONAL DEVELOPPIENT ASSOCIATION REPORT AND RECMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CREDIT TO THE KINGDOM OF MOROCCO FOR AN EDUCATION PROJECT 1. I submit herewith the following report and recommendation on a proposed development credit in various currencies equivalent to $11 million to the Kingdom of Morocco to help finance an education project. PART I - HISTORICAL 2. In November 1964., the Government of Morocco submitted an applica- tion to Bank/IDA for a loan or credit for financial assistance in the construction and equipment of 21 schools offering general and special- ized education and training at the secondary level. The appraisal mission visited Morocco in March and April 1965. 3. Previous missions to Morocco concerned with education included a Unesco Educational Investments Programming Mission (1963) and a Bank Economic Survey Mission (1964): the relevant sections of their reports were available to the members of the appraisal mission. 4. The proposed credit would be the first operation of the Associa- tion in Morocco. In December 1962, the Bank made a $15 million loan (and IFC joined with a $1.5 million investment) to Morocco's Development Bank (BNDE). -
Water Governance As a Medium for Colonial Conquest in the Early French Protectorate in Morocco, 1912-1925
Water governance as a medium for colonial conquest in the early French protectorate in Morocco, 1912-1925. J.S. Rensen 1052136 Thesis for the Research master Colonial and global history Supervised by Prof. Dr. Jan Bart Gewald Gerrit Doustraat 4 Second reader: Dr. Stefano Bellucci 2311 XP Leiden Due date: 19-07-2019 +31 6 18155495 Word count: 20672 [email protected] Cover image: detail of a map of oued Aïn Ben Kezza Source: Archive du Maroc, Fond du Protectorat, Dahirs et Arrêtés relatifs aux droits de l'eau (D342), A.V. homologuant les opérations des commissions d’enquête relatifs à la reconnaissance de droit d’eau des oueds Ben Kezza, Amellal et N’Ja, Arrête Viziriel homologuant les opérations de la commission d’enquête relatives à la reconnaissance des droits d’eau des oueds Ben Kezza, Amellal et N’Ja, 5. 2 Contents Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Historical setting ......................................................................................................................... 13 Institutional setting .................................................................................................................... 15 Legal setting ............................................................................................................................... -
The Success of Macroeconomic Policies of Selected Countries of North Africa
Journal of Economics, Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2015 The Success of Macroeconomic Policies of Selected Countries of North Africa Ingrid Majerová country a wide range of different variables and indicators Abstract—The aim of the article was to analyze the success of might be used. The best predicative ability is attributed to economic policies of selected countries of North Africa - Egypt, four groups of indicators that measure the size of product, Sudan and Morocco. The success was compared using the price level, unemployment and external economic position method of comparison in selected macroeconomic indicators such as gross domestic product growth rate, the share of [2]. Another approach for measuring the macroeconomic current account deficit to gross domestic product, inflation rate performance is used in [3], [4]. and the unemployment rate from 2007 to 2012. For this Magical polygons are used as a standard tool for comparison graphical form of magic quadrangle was chosen. evaluation of success of economy and economic policy. From the resulting data magical quadrangle has shown that the Deviations from the optimum are represented using the four most successful economic policy is implemented by Morocco, indicators of external and internal economic policies of the followed by Egypt and Sudan occupies last place. country. The optimum is defined by OECD and has the Index Terms—Comparison, economic policy, magic following amounts: quadrangle, North African countries. GDP growth rate – 3%, Unemployment rate – 5%, Inflation rate – 2.5%, I. INTRODUCTION Share of current account balance to GDP – 0%. Africa as a whole is undoubtedly one of the most A. -
Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Volume 98
1. GIVE AND TAKE1 A Sindhi sufferer writes: At this critical time when thousands of our countrymen are leaving their ancestral homes and are pouring in from Sind, the Punjab and the N. W. F. P., I find that there is, in some sections of the Hindus, a provincial spirit. Those who are coming here suffered terribly and deserve all the warmth that the Hindus of the Indian Union can reasonably give. You have rightly called them dukhi,2 though they are commonly called sharanarthis. The problem is so great that no government can cope with it unless the people back the efforts with all their might. I am sorry to confess that some of the landlords have increased the rents of houses enormously and some are demanding pagri. May I request you to raise your voice against the provincial spirit and the pagri system specially at this time of terrible suffering? Though I sympathize with the writer, I cannot endorse his analysis. Nevertheless I am able to testify that there are rapacious landlords who are not ashamed to fatten themselves at the expense of the sufferers. But I know personally that there are others who, though they may not be able or willing to go as far as the writer or I may wish, do put themselves to inconvenience in order to lessen the suffering of the victims. The best way to lighten the burden is for the sufferers to learn how to profit by this unexpected blow. They should learn the art of humility which demands a rigorous self-searching rather than a search of others and consequent criticism, often harsh, oftener undeserved and only sometimes deserved. -
A Fountain Pen Story
A Fountain Pen Story Bibek Debroy A Fountain Pen Story Bibek Debroy © 2020 Observer Research Foundation All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from ORF. Attribution: Bibek Debroy, “A Fountain Pen Story,” June 2020, Observer Research Foundation. Observer Research Foundation 20 Rouse Avenue, Institutional Area New Delhi, India 110002 [email protected] www.orfonline.org ORF provides non-partisan, independent analyses on matters of security, strategy, economy, development, energy and global governance to diverse decision-makers including governments, business communities, academia and civil society. ORF’s mandate is to conduct in-depth research, provide inclusive platforms, and invest in tomorrow’s thought leaders today. Design and Layout: simijaisondesigns Cover image: Getty Images / Tim Robberts ISBN: 978-93-90159-50-5 Gandhi and Ambedkar 1 imited-edition fountain pens are luxury items, much like jewellery. Some of the most expensive fountain pens in the world include LMont Blanc, Caran d’Ache, and Aurora. Many would recall that not too long ago, a controversy erupted over Mont Blanc’s limited-edition “Gandhi pens” and a case was filed before the Kerala High Court. There were two limited editions in fact, one in silver and the other in gold, a ‘Limited Edition 3000’ (i.e., 3,000 of it were manufactured) and a Limited Edition 241 (‘241’ for the 241 miles of the Salt March; 241 pieces of it were made). Both kinds had an image of Mahatma Gandhi on the nib. Mont Blanc’s decision to manufacture these pens provoked massive controversy: to begin with, it violated the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act of 1950, which restricts use of the name or pictorial representation of Mahatma Gandhi.