Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, Suppl. 1, pp. 1–28, March 22, 2007 Four New Subspecies of Acheilognathus Bitterlings (Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae) from Japan Ryoichi Arai1, Hiroshi Fujikawa2 and Yoshikazu Nagata3 1Department of Zoology, University Museum, University of Tokyo, 7–3–1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–0033, Japan E-mail:
[email protected] 2Osaka Prefectural Board of Education, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540–8571, Japan 3Department of Biology, Osaka Kyoiku University, 4–698–1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara, Osaka 582–8582, Japan Abstract Four new bitterlings, Acheilognathus tabira erythropterus subsp. nov., Acheilognathus tabira tohokuensis subsp. nov., Acheilognathus tabira jordani subsp. nov. and Acheilognathus tabi- ra nakamurae subsp. nov., were described on the basis of more than 600 specimens from 26 locali- ties in Japan. Acheilognathus tabira erythropterus, A. t. tohokuensis and A. t. jordani, formerly all included in a single undescribed subspecies of Acheilognathus tabira, differ from other subspecies of A. tabira in having a red-edged anal fin in nuptial males. Acheilognathus t. erythropterus, dis- tributed on the Pacific Ocean side of eastern Honshu, is distinguished from A. t. tohokuensis and A. t. jordani by having shorter ellipsoidal eggs (ratio of major axis to minor axis: 1.4–2.2 vs. 2.0–3.3 in A. t. tohokuensis and A. t. jordani). Acheilognathus t. tohokuensis, distributed on the Japan Sea side of eastern Honshu, is distinguished from A. t. jordani in lacking a black blotch on the dorsal fin in juveniles. Acheilognathus t. jordani, distributed on the Japan Sea side of western Honshu, is distinguished from A.