SOCIETY FOR CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGY • VOLUME 7 NUMBER 3 JUNE '73 annual report issue• Fall Meetings THrs I8 THE LAST NEWSLETTER You[ WILL RECEIVE IF YOU HAVE NOT NORTH AND SOUTH PAID YOUR 1973 DUES. SEE BACK OF NEWSLETTER FOR THE BUSINESS The SCA' s first FALL MEETING$ will take place in OFFICE ADDRESS AND SEND TN October. The purpose of thes.e meetings is to provide a forum to present the preliminary results of summer field YOUR MONEY. work and to get together again for the first time in the fall ____: after the summer breSan Francisco. They are: before Sept. 1 and indicate if a projector will be needed • Write to Bob wpez for inform a ti on about hotelS, maps to the President: Chester King college, and local arrangements (267 Petit, Ventura, CA Northern Vice President: Thomas F. King 9:W03). Southern Vice President: Rick Hanks NORTHERN CALIFORNIA will meet at the Novato Secretary: Mary Lou Ruppenthal • Treasurer: Bobby Greenwood. Prehistory Museum on Oct. 13. Various portions of the operation will be held in the Museum, in the adjacent park, As thin9 s had bee11 planned, Mike Moratto was to and in San Marin High School, which is n.earby. All remain president for an additional !973-197 4 year. those who expect to make regular presentations (a.s However, for personal and professional reasons he opposed to just rapping) should inform Tom King, organizer regretfully submitted his resignation from the office. of the event, at the Dept. of Anthropology, Cal State Chester, as President-elect, has agreed to serve as College, Sonoma, Rohnert Park, GA S4 92B, and should president for this year. spe.cify whether they plan to show slides or otherwise Thanks are due to Fritz Riddell, who handled the large require a darkened room prior to October. The meeting will job of elections chairman. begin at 9:00 and.will be followed by a 7:00 PM Open Executive Meeting.

SAN FERNANDO MISSION CHAPEL TORN DOWN As a result of damage suffered in the 1971 earthouake Task Force the Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety. ' condemned the Chapel at San Fernando Mission. Application The fifth draft of the Archaeological Task Force's for a demolition permft was made on April 18, 1973, to proposed legislation has been completed, and on August 8 the Cultu.ral Heritage Board, which granted the permit on there will be open hearings on the biil in the Resources April 19. A news release was sent to KNXT, but no Building in Sacramento; on August 9, a final Task Force nDtification to archaeolog.ists, historians, etc. was made. Meeting to make last-minute revisions7 and on The structure, which contained Indian murals, has been August 12, it will be introduced to the legislature. leveled, and the Catholic Archdicose plans to put up a Brace yourselvi:s fQr an important campaign! reconstruction. The Convento, crlso damaged, has been restored. The Chapel was both a State Historical Landmark and a City of Los Angeles Cultural Monument . • As anyone might have anticipated, the bulldozers NEXT DEADUNE FOR NEWS: Sept. 15, 1973. As has been demolishing the Mission have encountered a slight snag; the custom in past years, there will be no summer is sue of namely, the bones of two of the five Padres known to have the NEWSLETTER; the fall issue will be a double one. been buried there! V.reckers also found six successive floors in the Chapel, all the way back to the original one of 1801. The priests' remains will be reburied under the reconstruction BUSINESS OFFICE: This has been a troubled year for our As a result of the above, Roger Kelley at Northridge business office. Stan and Beth Van Dyke, who had has now been granted a permit for two weeks oi volunteered a staggering number of days on our behalf, excavation. left for the University of Calgary in June. Business • For purposes of either protest or information, contact operations limped and fumbled throughout the summer, Cultural Heritage Board, Mrs. Ileana Welch, Executive impeded by the fact that only one of my fingers ever Secretary, Room 1500, City Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90012 learned how to type. Then, in October, Tom Jackson and Fr. Eugene Frilot, Mission San Fernando, 15151 San capably assumed the duties of Business Manager {Tom Fernando Road, San Fernando 91342. types with at least 2 fingers) and was 'compensated by BOBBY GREENWOOD funding from CSU-SF' s student assistant budget. Crisis May 7, 1973 befell the office in January, when the department's budget was slashed, and the Executive Board decided to 1) seek donations and 2) pay Tom a small compensation until a permanent solution to the problem could be arr.ived at. We now, happily, seem to have matters under control, Largely through the efforts of Bonnie Sharpe, the business office has been moved to the Department of Anthropology, California State University, Fullerton. CSUF has agreed SCA to provide a student assistant, faculty supervision, and ~NEWS regular mail servke (excluding bulk mailings) to the SC.l\ at no cost to the Society. My deepest thanks are extended to the Van Dykes, Tom Jackson, and to Bonnie Sharp for FROM THE OUT-GOING PRESIDENT their considerable efforts to maintain and improve My br.lef report here is intended to, be a synopsis of the business seivices. , Society's efforts and accompHshments during the past year. ARCHIVES: The R.E. Schenk Memorial Archtves of Calif­ Through committee work, deliberation;> at five Executive ornia conttnue to grow in number and are increasingly in Board meetings, and the general election, the Society has demand by indivtdual scholars and libraries throughout moved to restructure its internal affairs and to develop the West. Jim Dotta, managing editor, is to be commended significant programs and policies in the midst of a for his continued maintenance and distribution of the more political maelstrom. than 40 volumes now available. MEMBERSIDP: There were only ca. 270 paid members in the SCA a year ago. /!1 vigorous membership campaign launched MUSEUM ANTIQUITIES POUCY: Although the SCA had by Nancy Walter and Rick and Julie Hanks expanded our developed a policy statement regarding the acquisition and numbers to 419 by the end of 1972. Approxtmately 370 disposition of artifacts by museums, continued illicit sales had paid their dues for 1973 by May. Thus, with additional and purchases by some of the most "reputable" museums membership drives in the near future and early in the fall, in the state prompted us to renew our efforts to improve it is entirely realistic to expec,t enrollment levels to reach museum practices. Rob Edwards distributed (about six • 500 or more by the end of 1973. months ago) a useful restatement of the SCA' s policy and appended citations relating to the antiquities policies of DUES: During the course of business at the January leading archaeological societies and museums. These Executive Board meetings in San Francisco and Los Angeles, materials were sent to all of the known museums in the it was learned that SCA operating costs had risen to the state. Subsequently, the SCA has established a full extent that additional funding would by needed to committee 1 under the chairmanship of Keith Dixon, to guarantee present activity levels. The Executive Board investigate current museum policies regarding antiquities voted to, place a dues-increase proposal on the· general and to draft rather detailed findings and recommendations,, ballot. The increase was approved 120:34 by the members. I want to acknowledge my sincere thanks to Rob Edwards, , Hence, Chapter III of the Constitution and Bylaws stands Keith Dixon, Margaret Weide, and the others who have amended: worked on this delicate problem. In this vein, Paul "Dues for membership in the Society shall be three Schumacher expended a good deal of time and effort dealing dollars for each calendar year for students and seven with the museums of southern California. Thanks go to all dollars for each calendar year for all other members." these people. This revision will first apply to memberships granted ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: The Society has been more for the 19 7 4 calendar year. active in matte~s of environmental policy than in any other CONTRIBUTIONS: Pres.ident Osborne of SW.A.A and I issued field. During the past year we have l) provided input into a plea earlier this year for contributions to sustain the the general plan for California being prepared by the Office bus.iness office and other societal functions. The of Research and Planning; 2) prepared and disseminated a _ detaUed memorandum concerning the California Environment­ response was extremely gratifying / with about 40 SCA members donating a total of $513.00 to the Society. Each al Quality Act and the preparation of Environmental Impact benefactor was individually thanked by letter for his or Studies; 3) offered continuing criticism of the guidelines her generosity. The funds have been partially expended for EIR' s being prepared by the Secretary of Resources; in support of the business office; some,"!nonies were used 4) supported local archaeologists in the development of to send a delegate to the meetings in Fayetteville; and new county archaeological ordinances; and 5) we have the remainder is as yet uncommitted. prepared policy statements and informational packets regarding archaeology which have been sent to every • county plann.ing office in California. And, in conjunction time and energies so selflessly on behalf of the S. C. A; in with the State Archaeological Task Force, personal letters particular, Bobby Greenwood, Chester and Ling King, were mailed to very member of the new Coastal Commissions Nels on Leonard, Nancy Walter, Judith Ras son, Tom King, to inform them of the need to consider archaeology in Rick Hanks, Don Miller, Fr.itz Riddell, Ke.1th Dixon, Rob planning and permit evaluation. Most of this work was Edwards, and many others. My deepest thanks to you all. stimulated, organized, or actually undertaken by Tom King. The Society owes Tom a monumental debt of gratitude for MICHAEL J. MORATTO his boundless labors on behalf of archaeology .in the field President, 1972-1973 of environmental planning. $50 STUDENT PRIZE AWARDED Margaret Weide announced at the SCA Annual Business • Meeting that Tames P. Barker was the winner of the countless battles, large and small, waged 'by the Society SCA Student Prize Paper competition, and his paper to safeguard specific sites and regio'ns. These are too entitled "Some Models for the History of American numerous to recount, but examples which come to mind Archaeology" was read. Include 1) Sylvia Broadbent and Rick Hanks' efforts to The purpose of the award is to encourage academic curtail ORV damage to desert sites, 2) our support of the excellence in student writing. "Wild Rivers" Bill, 3) our opposition to government land sales in Nevada prior to archaeological reconnaissance, 4) the Society's successful efforts to preserve two feedback jeopardized Yurok village sites in Humboldt County, and S) the labors of Ann Peak and Fritz Riddell to assure that adequate archaeological work would precede the Readers should be aware that the opinion expressed by construction of the Governor's mansion on the American Keith Dixon in the last NEWSLETTER regarding the National River. Register ("We must ..• be very careful in choosing which sites to nominate for the National Register if it is not to become DISTRICT ARCHAEOLOGISTS: Scarcely a year ago, the meaningless") is not necessarily a statement of fact. The District Archaeologists were considered to be a hcst of gu.idelines for National Register nominations recently issued rather altruistic, powerless, exploitable volunteers whose by the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation indicate chief function was to take notes on the run just ahead of that any location that has yielded or may yield information the bulldozer blade. Then things began to change. In important to archaeology qualifies for the National Register. rapid succession, monies became available for pre­ It is an open question as to whether all archaeological construction surveys in some of the districts and, about sites (or districts) should be placed on the Register or the same time, court decisions made it clear that private whether the Reg.ister should be a sort of "honor roll" of and public developers alike had to complete EIR' s before particularly "s.lgnlficant" sites, however def.lned; readers of receiving permits. The "Guidelines ... " issued by the the NEWSLETTER should recognize this and not assume Resources Agency (and a recent letter by Secretary that the matter is as clear-cut as Dr. D.ixon presents it to Livermore) have made the requirement for archaeological be. It is in the nature of things that those of us actually elements in EIR' s quite explicit. To the point, the , preparing Register nominations tend to expend the time and District Archaeologists are no longer beggers. They have effort only on those sites and districts that seem particularly evolved- through an all too uncontrolled process- into the important to us; but since the Register is increasingly forms of administrators, grantors, and ... politicians. A be.ing enshrined in federal agencies as the sole definator great deal of money and research is suddenly accessable of historical excellence, it would behoove us all to to the D.A. 's, simply by virtue of their position. One of recognize that potentially, ANY archaeological site 1s a the most demanding problems facing the new administration Register-QUAIJT'Y location. • will -must- be a painstaking reassessment of the D.A. 's TOM KING roles and the qualifications of those who serve as D.A. 's April 25, 1973 To a great measure, the success or failure of the Society will depend upon the alturism, professionalism, and coordinative ability of the District Archaeologists. HIGHLIGHTS OF EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING SALARY SCHEDULES: An earlier memorandum issued by the On May 4, 973 at the Sheraton-Palace Hotel, the Environmental Policy Committe.e contained a salary SCA Executive Board meeting was opened at 12:15 PM by schedule devised for. us by the Department of Public Works Chester K\ng~ officers in attendance were Rick Hanks and structured according to academic ranks. After receiving ·(so VP), Tom King (NoVP), Roberta Greenwood (Treasurer), many complaints from bona fide archaeologists not affiliated Mary Lou Ruppenthal (Secretary) . Others in attendance with schools, Tom King and I simplified the schedule and were Judy Rasson, Linda King, Dean Gaumer, Mike deleted references to academic rank. Moratto, Rob Edwards, Bonnie Sharpe, Ji.m Dotta and Tom PUBLICATIONS: Tom King's publications committee is Jackson. actively engaged in several projects. My report entitled Bus.iness Office: Tom Jackson officially turned over the The Status of California Archaeology is now in press. SCA Business Cffice to Bonnie Sharpe of Fullerton State. Two other papers, Archaeology Without Excavation The policy of membership was dlscuss.ed and it was by King, Tefferson, and Dills, and Recommended decided that anyone who sent in dues could become a Procedures for Preparing,Emrimnmental Impact Reports by member and will be expected to abide by the constitution King and Leonard are being considered by the Executive of the society which will be sent to them. Board for publication in the near future. There are also ==~~='2"' : A proposal made by John Parker at the plans to revise Government and Archaeology, probably to meeting was discussed. His proposal be issued in a kiose-leaf format, after this legislative was to have North CRAG considered to be a standing year. committee of SCiL It was decided that all committee members of North CRAG should be members of SCA, and THANKS: In closing, I want to express my sincere the motion was passed. gratitude to the many, many people who contributed the.ir ffiG~AY ARCHAEOLOGY: It was announced that the •• 3 Division of Highways is now in the Dept. of Public Works, WHEREAS, there is a need for permanent storage of but as of July, it will shift to the Dept. of Transportation. archaeological reports prepared in conjunction with environ­ It was decided that Ann Peak would be asked to replace mental projects both to provide a body of basic research Nelson Leonard as liaison between the District data on settlement systems and ,to insure that archaeological Archaeologists and Highways. It was announced that DA' s data on recommendations as presented in final environmental now spend 5 0% of their time doing Environmental Impact reports can be compared by the archaeological community Study related work. A plan to replace the individual w.ith the actual data in the recommendations generated by • District Archaeologist system with a Clearinghouse the fieldwork. system. SCA should seek out 10- 15 institutions that are THEREFORE, be .it resolved that: willing to house the clearing house facilities. Guidelines should be set up for the operation of these facilities; and 1) That the SCA support in princ.lple the guidelines for each region will then determine its own administrative the preparatlon of sta.tements of environmental impact on structure as long as it fits the general policies of the archaeological resources 1972 adopted by the Western guidelines. In some cases there will be only one man Region of the National Parl: Service and, who will be the District Archaeologist who will coordinate 2) That the SCA would prepare and disseminate the activities. Other areas will have several people recommended State guidelines consistent with the National coordinate. Each center should have a director or Park Service guidelines but pertaining specifically to present board of directors who should also be members of SCA. This and emerging California Laws and, plan was passed. A motion to a cc e pt 3) That the SCA specifically draw attention to those 's invitation to host the 1974 meeting was passed. sections of the National Park Serv.lce guidelines concerning Mike Moratto suggested a symposium on the relationship the need for professional archaeological field reconnaissance, between archaeological environmental studies and the need for .identification, indirect as well as direct, environmental studies of other groups which would tie in project impacts, and the need to evaluate archaeological with the Sierra Club,and the Academy of Sciences be held. resources carefully on the basis of their long-term regional research potential as well as on the basis of their ~~~~""-~~,_o:~~~!:!.!.~~· Judy Rasson suggested uniqueness, their relevance to a particular research a the Regional Plan Association, which is a non-profit organization which is both a problem and project and their historical character and, coordinating a participatory agency. It is dedicated to the 4) That the SCA call for the flling of copies of integrated planning concept for nine counties in Southern archaeological reconnaissance reports prepared in conjunc­ California (there is no comparable Northern California tion with environmental projects with the District agency in scope). The aims are to stimulate understanding archaeologist responsible for the area in wh.ich the project and informed action for concerned groups for planning takes place. The District archaeologists are hereby guidelines. It prepares non-partisan, impartial analyses of requested to maintain organized files of such reports planning problems, works with public agencies and accessible to qualified scholars and that unwillingness to encourages participation in the planning process at the so file reports shall be regarded as substantial evidence of agency level. It was voted that SCA should spend $30 to unethical behavior. " become an institutional member and that Bobby Greenwood would receive it and forward pertinent information to others. RESOLUTION 2: LEGITIMATE REASONS FOR EXCAVATION PUBLIC RELATIONS "itVHEREAS, archaeological resources in Californ.ia Dean Gaumer suggested advertising SCA via radio talk continue to be destroyed at a rapid rate, often without shows. The need to have articles written and submitted to professional attention prior to or during the destruction and, various newspapers for press releases, and Shirley Lee was "WHEREAS, archaeological excavation is itself a suggested for the position of Publicity Chairman. 1 destructive process that inevitably results in the loss of • The meeting ended with the passing of the three resolutions printed at the front of this NEWSLETTER. may kinds of data during acquisition of others and, "WHEREAS, it is the basic policy of the archaeological MARY LOU RUPPENTHAL profession that archaeological resources are precious Secretary, SCA sources of information about mankind and should not be gratuitiously damaged or expended, THEREFORE, be it resolved that the SCA declare that the only justifiable reasons for the disturbance of an archaeolog.!cal site by archaeologists are: RESOLUTIONS PASSED AT EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETING 1) To obtain data that will otherwise be destroyed after Three important resolutions were passed by the Executive all attempts to preserve the site have failed. Board at the May 4 meeting held during the San Francisco SAA meetings. It was also proposed that Resolutions 2 and 2) To obtain data pertinent to a particular well 3 be proposed additions to the Code of Ethics of the formulated research problem of importance to anthropology, Society; members should be prepared to discuss them at history or related ·discipline. the regional meetings in the fall. 3) To preserve data as by stabilization and construction. RESOLUTION 1: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORTS 4) To obtain preliminary data necessary for evaluation as by the excavation of minor samples for purposes of sub­ "WHEREAS, archaeologists are being consulted with surface reconnaissance. increasing frequency during the preparation of environmental reports required by the California Environmental Quality That the SCA call upon all archaeologists working in Act and the National Environmental Policy Act and California to consider seriously before initiating an excavation whether at least one of the above cr.iteria is WHEREAS, there is a need for clear guidelines for the satisfied. identification and evaluation of archaeological resources and • That the SCA calls upon all archaeologists working in archaeological, paleontological, historical, and govern­ California to make every effort to address research questions mental subcommittees. Each subcommittee, save history, only on archaeological sites that are eligible for excavations has now completed a deta.lled report concerning the status under criteria clfl above. of the named disciplines in California and on May 2 these That the SCA specifically deplores the excavation of subcommittee reports were synthesized into the first draft of a compendium which will be. prepared for a~chaeological sites for the sole purpose of training students and calls upon all archaeologsts and archaeologi­ Secretary Livermore and the Legislature by early July. cal institut.ions to channel their field training projects into The archaeological element of the report includes sections non-destruct.ive activities such as survey or study of · on the nature and number of the state's archaeological extant collections or to excavations that are justifiable resources, county-by-county data on site destruction, a • under at least one of the criteria articulated above. " survey of relevant legislation, and assessment of archaeological programs at all levels of government and RESOLUTION 3: REINTERMENT OF HUMAN SKELETAL private enterprise, lists .of county site data, examples of REMAINS site attrition, and recommendations for enhancing the quality of scientific and popular archaeology in California. "WHEREAS, the study of human skeletal remains While engaged in the collection of these data, the provides vital information for the understanding of Task Force has also busied itself preparing a legislative cultural processes and techniques for the analysis of such proposal, now in .its fifth draft and nearly ready for remains are constantly improving and changing, making introduction into the senate and assembly. To capsulate, new observations of the extract.ion of new data possible, the 20-page bill would create a single "Heritage Depart­ AND, California Indian people have a v.ital and ment" (i.e., an agency at the same hierarchical level as legitimate concern with the sanctity of their ancestors' Parks and Recreat.ion) to manage all of the archaeological, graves and conflicts and confusion that develop between paleontological and historical sites, and Indian cemeteries Ind lan people and archaeologists over proper d lsposal of in the state. The functions of the Heritage Department skeletal remains, would be 1) to undertake a survey of the state's heritage THEREFORE, be .it resolved that the SCA reminds all its remains, 2) coordinate all archaeological and other heritage members and other archaeologists that Sect.ion 5097493 of programs in California, 3) develop a state "Heritage P.lan," the California Public Resources Code forbids the 4) to contract with and/or fund local agencies for heritage disturbance of historic cemeteries except under specif.led work, 5) to preserve by various means any jeopardized sites circumstances until such ti.me as the State Archaeological or other remains, 6) to design and operate technical Task Force makes its final reports and the legislature takes and popular interpretive programs, 7) to establish and/ action thereon, or coordinate heritage museums, 8) to issue permits for heritage fieldwork, 9) to encourage public archaeological AND, that the SCA strongly recommends that the programs, and 10) to coordinate with law enforcement following guidelines be observed by members and member agencies toward the full implementation of heritage- inst.i. tutions: related statutes . A) That hi storfc burials generally post 1800 AD but The intended Task Force bill also spells out new earlier in some cases, not be disinterred under any circum­ sect.ions for the Resources and Penal Codes to close loop­ stances unless a salvage situtat.ion is involved and the holes in present law. Most importantly, however, the consent of related or other concerned Indian· people has measure seeks to establish a single agency to design been given and, and coordinate a meaningful statewide heritage program for the benefit of science and the public alike. In its B) That any historic skeletal remains disinterred by present form, the bill has the explicit support of accident or unknowingly or unexpectedly during the course archaeologists, paleontologists, Indians, h.istorians, • of an archaeological excavation be promptly re...:interred. contractors, certain major industries, the Department of according to the reasonable wishes of any related or Education, and the Federal Government. One of two extant concerned Indian people and, state departments are neutral to hostile- an appreciable C) That non-historic skeletal remains not be re-interred paranoia given that the new department would cause some but retained for future study and re-study by qualified power shuffles. Cop.ies of the complete proposal w.lll be physical anthropok>gists and, available to the SCA Executive Board for final review. D) That in all excavations of human remains and all MICHAEL J. MORATTO statements to the press regarding such remains and in all Vice-Chairman, Task storage of such remains aH possible care be taken to Force insure proper, sensitive and thoughtful handling and discussion of the remains and, E} That in no case should human remains be carelessly discarded and, CALICO HILLS SITE PIACED ON NATIONAL REGISTER F) That in no case should human remains be placed on· The San Bernardino County W.useum has received word museum display .if there is objectiop to such display on the of the acceptance of the Calico l'v'ountains Archaeological part of the ethnic group represented by the remains. Site in the National Register of Historic Places. This is the meticulously controlled scientific search for evidence of early man directed for a number of years by Dr. Louis TASK FORCE REPORT S. B. Leakey and carried out by Wiss Ruth Simpson. It is the first site irr the county to be so registered, though the The State Archaeological Task Force is a 17 member Museum does have another application pending for Piute commission- including 5 archaeologists- which has been Pass. meeting monthly for a year. I am pleased that some ARDA M. HAENSZEL tangible accomplishments can be cited at this time. June HJ, 19 73 Early in 1972 the Task Force analyzed itself into • 5 NEWS OF THE PRO FESS/ON INDIAN LEGAL SERVICES LOSES FUNDING owes Judy and Ernie a great deal of gratitude for under­ taking this important and demanding task, at virtually no California Indian Legal Services, which provides iegal cost to the SCA. assistance to California Indian people in a variety of ways, The EP Committee's questionaire on the need for is losing the bulk of its federal funding as a result of archaeological input has thus far resulted in positive President Nixon's budgetary cutbacks. CILS has already' responses from 25 county planning departments. Most of • been forced to cut its staff drastically, and closure of the respondants are counties that we have not heard from several offices is imminent. Phaseout of the entire program before~ that in other words do not have functioning is a distinct possibility. , archaeological programs. All counties will shortly As a relatively peripheral element of its operation, CILS receive the draft EIR guidelines distributed to members at has assisted California Indian people in the protection of the San Francisco Business Meeting. cemeteries and archaeological sites; it has had much to do The EP Committee repuests information from members on with adoption of antiquities ordinances in Humboldt and what their counties and cities are doing about archaeology. Del Norte Counties, has assisted in pushing for archaeolo­ We need examples, both good and bad. gical protection under the Environmental Quality Act, and has provided significant input to the State Archaeological TOM KING Task Force. While it is fairly doubtful that we can do anything to change the President's mind, letters urging continued SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY EIR PROCEDURES funding for CILS are needed at this time. Copies of such On April 5, 1973 Environmental Impact Procedures were letters should go to Senators Tunney and Cranston. adopted by the San Luis Obispo County Board of TOM KING Supervisors. Basically the SLO County Guidelines are April 30, 1973 consistent with the Guidelines for Imolementation of the California Environmental Quality Act of 19.70 adopted by the Resources Agency of California. RESOURCES SECRETARY EXPLAINS "GUIDELINE" DELETION SLO County defines environment as the physical In response to SCA complaints, Norman Livermore, Jr., conditions within the project area including land air. .• State Secretary for Resources, has explained the deletion and objects of historical or aesthetic significance. of archaeology from a list of examples in the new State Article X (Criteria for Evaluation of Projects) states, EIR guidelines. Livermore said: "A significant effect on the environment may occur if a project ••• " • This is followed by nine examples; no "We believe that archaeological and historical mention is made of historical, archaeological or cultural resources are important considerations in the environment.' resources. Our prelimin_ary draft of the guidelines included But the next paragraph says, "In every case where any archaeological considerations among the examples of of the following conditions are found to exist .• • sha.11 be effects to be considered in determining whether a found to have a significant effect on the environment. particular project may have a significant effect on the · a) Impacts which have the pote·ntial to degrade the quality environment· In an effort to simplify the Guidelines' of the environment or curtail the range of the environment. we reduced the number of examples of potentially b) Impacts which achieve stlort-term, to the disadvantage· significant effects, but we added policy statements of long-term environmental goals ... • from the Environmental Quality Act which make it clear The key to the second paragraph is the definition of that historical and archaeological considerations are the word "environment"• In talking with a member of the included· We invite your attention to Section 15011 of SLO County Planning Department, "environment" includes the Guidelines where th ts provision is included·" objects of historic or aesthetic significaRce, and this V\'hile Sect.ton 15001 merely restates the CEQA' s .intent includes archaeological resources. So things look pretty to "preserve ••• examples of the major periods of California's good right now. history", Livermore's letter clearly indicates that However, the fate of archaeological resources in SLO archaeology should be included in EIR' s. Livermore goes on County still rests on the interpretation of the word to add: "historic". In the near future SLO County will hire an "We would appreciate your assistance in determining Environmental Coordinator, and who knows what his how well the Guidelines work in practice. The interpretation of the word historic will be? (Any Resources Agency may issue modifications to the archaeologists like to apply for a SLO County job?) Guidelines in August 1973 based on comments and Finally, Appendix "B" is a "Preliminary Environmental criticisms received." Description Form Bl". This ,form is to be filled out if an 'th EIR EIR is required. Two of the yes-no statements ask about W e sugges t th a t a 11 th o S e Concerned, Wl, archaeological, historical, or cultural resources present archaeology respond to this request. within the project area. Appendix C is "Content of Environmental Impact Reports ENGINEERS INFORMED OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL Cl". This includes a statement about historical values RESPONSIBILITIES and statements about archaeological values, including Judy Ras son of the Environmental Policy Committee, record of previous surveys , known sites and their with the able assistance of Ernestine Elster, has prepared importance, and indications of possible sites on the and mailed out a letter to 325 consulting engineer firms in property. California, informing them of the need for archaeological Appendix Dis "Referral list of Sources with Special surveys in EIR work and suggesting that they contact Expertise." Comment is recommended from some or all the SCA for further information and advice. The Society of these sources, depending on -the nature of the project. The first one listed is Archaeology: County Archaeological 6 • Society, Box 109, SLO 93401. quality s.ites, and that they exercise caution until such So, to conclude, guidelines have been established. inventories are complete to insure that no such s.ites are Based on my interaction with the Planning Department I destroyed. Dr. Lawrence Aten of the Park Service made .it feel optimistic about the future of Archaeological Resources clear that a) ANY archaeological site potentially qualifies in San Luis Obispo County. But I have my fingers crossed. for the Register, and b) until an agency has completed its BOB GIBSON survey- and none have yet done so - "exercising caution" Central California Coast means that archaeological reconnaissance has to be Reporter conducted before every project, even .if an EIS .is not being prepared. 3) It was obvious, and expectable, that var.ious agencies • VOLUNTEERS are var.iously willing and able to go along with full archaeo­ logical planning under the Environmental Pol.icy Act (NEPA) NORTH CRAG (North Coast Range Archaeological Group) and E.0. ll593. The Corps seemed well organized to beg.in will be cooperating with the Sonoma County Water implementation of an appropriate program, though .it Agency in the salvage excavation of two sites along apparently regards passage of the Archaeology Salvage Washo and Gossage Creeks near the Laguna de Santa B.ill as essential to this implementation. The representative Rosa in Sonoma County. The sites are to be destroyed of the Soil Conservation Service was able to ind.imte where by flood-control ohannelization projects now in progress. archaeology could be tied into the SCS program, but was The research will be funded by the Water Agency and will apparently not prepared to discuss ways and means. The be directed by Ward F. Upson of Santa Rosa Junior Forest Service representative d.id not give me the .impression College with the assistance of Ron and Sonia King of that h.is agency has get figured out what .its responsibilities CSCS. Volunteers are welcome; for information contact are. It appears that .it is the latter agencies that require Ward Upson c/o NORTH CRAG, Dept. of Anthropology, extensive attention by archaeologists at this time. Check Calif. State College, Sonoma, Rohnert Park CA 9492 8. our your local Soil Conservation District; it may well be NORTH CRAG is also tentatively planning surveys, .involved in projects that will terrify you, but .it i·s bound mostly in connection with EIR work, at Sea Ranch, to adhere to the NEPA and EO ll59:i . . around the Laguna, and in the Sonoma Valley. 4) Especially if the Archaeology Salvage Bill passes, but to some extent even .if .it doesn't, the Corps at least seems to perceive a need to employ archaeological administrators and expeditors. Two main job classes were Out Of The Pits discussed- in-house administrators, acting as archaeolog.ical monitors on Corps systems, and full-time contract archaeologists .in institutuions, respons.ible for facilitation of fieldwork. I suggest that we are looking at the open.ing of a new and important job market here. If by TOM KING the academic comm unity shuns the responsib.il.ity of training good archaeologists for such jobs, they will of FLYING TO FAYETTEVILLE course be filled by nitwits. I am hereby soliciting At the request of the SAA' s Committee on Public curriculum vitae from people interested .in such positions . Archaeology, and with the generous financial assistance of The Fayetteville meeting taught me a lot, and opened Nels on Leonard, Rob Edwards, Linda King and the SCA, I doors to some federal operations that I'd not understood recently bounced over the Ozarks to Fayettev.ille, Arkansas before. In subsequent columns I'll be exploring some of for a meeting with various federal agencies concerning these in greater deta.il. environmental impact statements. Fifteen non-federal For a package of official memoranda and other information • archaeologists were .in attendance, from Arizona, Flor.ida, on federal agency programs and operations pertinent to Arkansas, New York, Illinois, Texas, Washington, environmental planning and archaeology, send $1. 2 5 to Missour.i, Ohio and Californ.la, along with National Park Hester A. Davis, Committee on Public Archaeology, Serv.ice archaeologists from the Midwest, Southwest, University of Arkansas Museum, Fayetteville, AR 72701. Western, and Washington offices, representatives of Make checks or money orders payable to Hester A. Dav.is. seven Divisions of the Corps of Engineers plus the Office of the Chief Engineer, and representatives of the Soil Conservation Serv.ice, Forest Service, Federal Highway Reports Administration, and Tennessee Valley Authority. Our d.iscussions gave me some insight into what's happening­ SCA COMMITTEE ON THE PROBLEM OF ILLICIT TRAFFIC and about to happen- in the federal system, and I'd 1.ike IN ANTIQUITIES: A REPORT to share some data and interpretations with you. 1) At the present, the Corps and other agencies are The Committee on the Problem of Illicit Traffic in severely restricted in funding archaeology by .interagency Antiquities was formed in January, 19 73 at the southern agreements that place the responsibility for archaeology Executive Board meeting. The Chairman is Keith A. Dix.)n; on the National Park Service. The Archaeology Salvage other .members are Robert _Edwards, Jane Goth old, Lynn Hudson, Thomas King, and Robert Lopez. Bill will erase this restriction, of course, but .in the interim, The basic charge to the committee was to draft an the Corps is willing and permitted to fund up to $10, 000 educational document on the problem of illicit traffic in worth of archaeological reconnaissance (It MUST be called antiquities. This is currently under consideration. we 11 11 11 11 reconnaissance , hot survey ) on each environmental still await answers to corresponC!ence, and the format and impact statement (EIS), if_the National Park Service first scope still r~main to be worked out. certifies that it is unable t"o fund the work. The intent of the charge to the committee was to explain 2) Quite apart from EIS programs and the Archaeology and amplify the documents already adopted and ·distributed Salvage Bill, the Park Service seems to be putting some by the SCA. These documents are the "Resolution teeth into Executive Order ll593. As you'll recall, in Regarding Illicit Antiquities" (1971) and the "Resolution on E. 0. ll5 9 3 the Pres.ident requ.ired that all federal agencies Antiquities Acquisition" (1973) which were adopted by the • survey lands under their control for National Register- SCA Executive Committees, and a cover letter dated country of origin (and/or the country where it was last 16 February 1973 by Robert Edwards, then Chairman of the legally owned) in violation of that country's laws. committee. 3. In any event, there should be reasonable assurance I personally feel that thes; documents are themselves under the circumstances that the··object was not exported excellent and serve the main 'purpose v.ery well. To be after the date this policy was approved in violation of the us.eful, an additional document would have to cover a laws of the country of origin and/or the country where it wide range of topics and argu-ments. I am still trying to was last legally owned. work out whether this form of publication is feasible or whether it might be best to have on file separate statements 4. The University will refuse to acquire objects in any and procedures that would cover specific kinds of cases, case where there is reasonable cause to believe that the in order that each may be handled as an individual matter. circumstances of their recovery involved ·the recent • There are several specific cases, for example, which unscientific t>.r intentional destruction of sites or monuments, have been brought to my attention and concerning which or which have otherwise been acquired illegally; these investigation and action are underway. 1) A museum in restrictions shall also apply to archaeological objects the Bay Area which ha.!'! been selling antiquities to the excavated or collected in the United States. public; 2) a city colbge in the Los Angeles area which 5. · If there is doubt about the relevant determinations had on display a ~llection of artifacts that had recently under paragraphs 1-4, consultation should be as wide as been smuggled ftum Mexico from a vandalized site; 3) a possible. Particular care should be taken to consult gallery in sou.tr1ern California that was advertising colleagues in other parts of the University whose collecting, genuine petrt>glyphs for sale by mail; 4) a Los Angeles research, or other activities may be affected by a decision area musoom employee {not in anthropology) who has been to acquire an object. Where appropriate, the legal counsel selling e-ntiquities at hobby shows while prominently to the University should be consulted, and where helpful, displ;wing literature with the museum's name. a special panel should be created to help pass on the I 1nention these cases because they are typical of the questions raised. wide range of unethical or misguided behaviors with which the prof~ssion must be concerned. These kinds of problems 6. The University will not acquire (by purchase, have always been with us in the past. But increasing bequest, or gift) objects that do not meet the foregoing professional and public concern, in response to the tests. If appropriate and feasible, the same tests should increase in the scale and audacity of such activities, be taken into account in determining whether to accept makes it important for the 'SCA and other professional loans for exhibition or other purposes. organizations to take firm action whenever possible. 7. Those making or having custody of acquisitions will That action should always be educational in nature be responsible to the President for the observance of these first. In many cases, that will undoubtedly be sufficient. rules. All information obtained about the proveniance of But we should be prepared to take whatever other actions an acquisition must be preserved, and unless, in the are possible when necessary. opinion of the relevant official ;i.nd the legal counsel to One of the best kinds of educational action is a formal the University, special circumstances exist in a specific institutional policy on antiquities acquisition, which can be instance, all such information shall be available as a distributed and explained when occasions arise. To my public record. Prospective vendors an~ donors should be knowledge, there are only two such policies in California. informed of this policy. The first was adopted by California State University, Long Beach; after approval by the Academic Senate and the 8. If the University should in the 'future come into the University President, it was distributed on February 23. possession of an object that can be demonstrated to have This policy is essentially a re-write of the Harvard been exported or acquired in violation of the principles policy, with an addition from that of the Field Museum expressed in Rules 1-4 above, the University should, if • (Chicago). On March l, the Chancellor of the University legally free to do so, seek to return the object to the donor of California at Berkeley also announced a policy. This or vendor, or to the proper owner or nation, as found statement is brief, and is preceded by an explanatory appropriate. preamble.

RULES FOR THE ACQUISITION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND POLICY STATEMENT ON THE ETHICS OF ACQUISITION OF ART OBJECTS: California State University, Long Beach; ART AND ANTIQUITIES: University of California, Berkeley; policy statement approved by Academic Senate 8 issued by the Chancellor, 1 March 1973. December 1972 and by University President 3 January Preamble: For the past several years, reputable 1973. museums throughout the world have been concerned with the The following general principles are to govern the scientific, legal, ethical, and diplcimatic problems University with respect to the acquisition (whether by involved in the acquisition of art, antiquities, and gift, bequest, or purchase, or through the activities of archaeological materials. Large quantities of primitive scientific or archaeological expeditions} of works of art and ancient artifacts, as well as occasional old master and antiquities: paintings and prints, are being stolen, illegally excavated, or smuggled out of their countries of origin and illegally l. The faculty membeF, museum director, librarian, imported into the United States. This is particularly curator, or other University officer responsible for making schocking in the area of archaeological materials which an acquisition or who will have custody of the acquisition, are being clandestinely excavated in direct contravention should assure himself that the Unfversity can acquire valid of the laws of the countries of their origin; to such an title to the object in -question. This means that the extent that resentment against this illicit trade is running circumstances of the transaction must be such as to give high in many countries,· threatening to disrupt the adequate assurance that the seller or donor has valid legitimate and highly desirable research of American arch­ title to convey. aeologists abroad. li t.llis market were to continue at its 2. In making a significant acquisition, there should be present systematic rate, it could obliterate large segments reasonable assurance under the circumstances that the of the cultural heritage and national treasuries of many object has not, within a recent time, been exported from its countries. cont. on p. 13 a • Olivella wall disc beads: My data for the manufacture of this type of bead comes from both beads in various stages of production at Ven-27 and a bead lot from Burial Kl3 from SCrI-100. These beads were evidentally made as follows. 1) The outer lip of the shell was split off. Hard Chert and calcedony bladelets sticks or similar impliments could be stuck into the shell RESEARCH and drills made from bladelets orifice to pry the shell apart (See also Paul Hampson 1970, used during Phase I of the Late SCA Archives #14). Horizon in the Santa Barbara 2) The area of the shell wall was broken and chipped RESULTS Channel. • into a circular disc of the desired size. 3) The shell disc by Chester King was perforated by the use of a stone drill which was probably hafted in a short stick of wood spun between THE MANUFACTURE OF SEVERAL COMMON the hands with a rubbing mo\jon. The bead was probably TYPES OF CALIFORNIA SHELL BEADS held on some sort of anvil •. Pitted stones have been found which may have been used at times Information on the techniques of bead manufacture for this purpose, although wood was possibly also used. consists of 1) ethnographic and historic descriptions of bead manufacture, 2) remains of bead mamffacturing tools and refuse from sites ..:,here beads were manufactured, 3) @-0 remains of bead manufacturing kits and beads in various o-0 ®-8 stages of production with burial lots and 4) the duplication ·of beads through controlled experiments. It is important that we be able to reconstruct the ways beads were made Olivella cupped bead. My best source of information in order to determine the costs In terms of both time and concerning the production of these beads comes from burial effort involved in bead production. In this article I shall discuss archaeological data concerning bead manufacture lots from SCrI-100, in particular those of Burial F-41 and F-7. which should be useful in guiding experiments in be<:!d manufacture. All three of the bead types discussed here 1) The first stage of the manufacture has not yet been are made from Olive Ila biplicata shells.· duplicated through exioeriment. The outer lip of the shell is removed so as to leave a grooved area where it attached to Olivella solit-punched beads: These beads clearly are the callus. In experiments I have found that the lip is very not very refined or expensive to produce in areas where heavily enameled to the callus and a section of this lip Olivella shells are plentiful and were the least valuable remains adhering to the callus, yet none of the numerous type of Olivella bead excepting those produced by removing examples found in bead making kits have any remaining area the shell's spire tip or unsplit punched beads. In Central of the outer lip adhering to the callus. The use of a California and on the Santa Barbara Coast split-punched chemical agent, heat, or perhaps very well aimed blows are beads are found only in contexts which have been described suggested as ways to obtain this end. 2) Once the outer lip as marking the transition from Middle to Late Horizon in has been broken off, the shell is chipped down to the callus the Central California sequence. At Ven-27 (Pitas Point) area and the thickest and largest area of the callus is slightly north ov Ventura, a number of split-punched chipped into a curcular disc. The same methods described beads were found in various stages of manufacture along as stages· 3 and 4 in my description of the production of with refuse which was evidentally produced in bead wall discs were then followed to complete cupped beads. manufacture. The following illustrations indicate the • manufacturing process. 1) The punching of the hole was .;' evidentally done by hitting the whole shell with a pointed :;:_- C'ff' rock. A number of fairly hard blows were used to peck and ' ' o-0 0 ultimately punch the hole in the shell. 2) The next stage ·' in the production was to split the shell. This involved the I ~, removal of the lower part of the callus area as well as the spire and an area of shell connecting the callus and the spire. It appears that the removal of these shell areas was Submission of articles concerning current research; done through the use of well placed blows. In my attempts criticisms of my or other articles, and discussion of to duplicate split-punched beads a major problem vyas that research designs are welcome. Discussions of research of breaking the bead through the production of fissures. designs requiring data which can be obtained in the numerous The pieces found at Pitas Point in various stages were often :Salvage excavations and surveys done in California are of discarded because of similar fissures. It is clear however special importance, since they may result in the consistant that the manufacturers of split-punched beads were capable collection of important data which might otherwise be lost. of properly breaking most of the shells. CORRECTIONS "Research Results" in Vol. 7, No. 1 of the Feb. 1973 News letter: P. 9: Chart is 70% of actual size. Brackets were omitted for the "Medea Areas" column in the description of the chart. Brackets should be drawn to show that Beads No. 2-4 are from all areas of Medea; Nos. 5-10 are from the east and west, not center area; No. 12 is from the east and west, not center area; Nos. 14-20 are from center and wes't, not east; and Nos. 22-25 are from west, not center and east. l----l SCALE I CM . f• p. JO line 3: Change "the cemetery area" to "the center area .. 11 ''Research Results" in Vol. 7, No. 2 April 1973): p. 11: Add to chart : E ,,_ mentioned in ethnographic accounts. • Historic Archaeo/ogf't

Edited by PAUL J. F. SCHUMACHER

ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOCIE'.l.Y FOR HISTORICAL come. Ezell feels the cemetery is a beautiful demonstra­ ARCHAEOLOGY tion of Shakespeare's Grave Digger's Scene from "Hamlet" Now -- during the summer months, while you are working Casual bones have been located scattered throughout, indicating earlier burials were thrown aside for later in the hot sun on your project -- N,OW is the time to be thinking of the cold winter days ahead anci of the pleasant formal burials. The project crew located the doorway congenial meeting with your fellow archaeologists in the from the chapel nave into the cemetery. They have also beautiful "Baghdad by the Bay". We cannot guarantee that found evidence of a fallen archway in the cemetery near it will be sunny- January is our rainy season- but it wil! be this doorway. Three years ago' a "kiln" was discovered alot more pleasant than Canada and most of the USA. Now in the south.east corner of the Presidio. Then it was is the time to be thinking of that symposium or special thought to be an "oven". Now it is even more of a report on Historical Archaeology which you will wish to mystery-it was filled with boulders, cobbles, and broken present at the Seventh Annual Conference of the Society for roof tile when it was constructed of adobe with a fired floor tile capping. Historical Archaeology. Don't forget- we will be meeting at the Claremont Bancroft House. This was the winter residence of Hotel in Berkeley on January 10, 11, and 12, 1974. Let us Hubert Howe Bancroft. The adobe structure was b~t have your titles for papers, symposiums, etc., by by Squire .Ensworth about 1860 and purchased by Bancroft in • October 1, 19 73, and your abstracts by November l, 19 73. 1!580. It has been designated a National Historic Land­ Please address all correspondence to Paul J. F. mark, and is now owned by the Spring Valley Historical Schumacher, Program Chairman, 200 Pinehill Road, Society which sponsors the C. S. U. -S.D. excavations. Hillsborough, CA 94010. Dr. Ezell started here with his field class during the spring of 1970, continued·there through last fall, and this San Diego spring there is a total crew of 31, plus 3 supervisors from the University along with volunteers from Gross Mont San Diego is the feature story in Historic Archaeology College. Excavations have been concentrated in the this issue, since six projects have been in progress there yard in order to locate traces of outbuildings which were this spring . constructed on top of a shallow Indian site (the deepest The Presidio Chapel. Paul Ezell of C. S. U. San Diego part of the site is only 60 cm). This season they are started excavating at the Presidio Chapel under the excavating 16 units east of the adobe ranch house yard. sponsorship of the San Diego Historical Society in the "Goodies" consist of historic period trash intermingled spring of 1965. Excavations have been continuous through with Diegueno Indian material of the contact period and last summer and fall. Ezell started again on Feb. 17, 1973 earlier. Indians used to camp nearby and work on the with a beginning and an advanced field methods class of ranch. One porcelain projectile point has been uncovered 17 students . Mike Axford of San Diego Mes a Colle.ge , who this fall season, as well as the burial of a bird- probably has been working at this site with Ezell for a number of a domestic turkey. Another small mammalian burial is years, began severi'!l weeks earlier. With a total of 41 currently being exposed. students and 4 supervisors, the place was a beehive of In Old Town San Diego State Park there were three activity when I visited San Diego at the end of February. archaeological investigations sponsored by the State Park Forty-one units were being excavated in the Christian System. Ezell's crew excavated from Feb. 2 'through 6 at cemetery, located betWeen the south wall of the chapel the site of the See.ley Stable in the rear of the Bandini and the Presidio wall, arrd also at the west end of the House. The search was for evidence of the floor plan chapel. This season six additional burials were being and possible construction technique of the stable which exposed while I was there, with definitely more yet to existed from !870-1927. Old photographs show us that it

10 was a frame building. The crew was only able to locate the James Robert Moriarty III, "Primary Report on the Discovery stumps of two posts and fragments of redwood board. of a US Cemetery at the Missior. San Diego de Alcala", Results of this dig were very disappointing due to the Anthropological Journal of Canad a, Vol. 10, No. 2, 19 72 , extensive disturbance of the site after 192 7. Although the pp. 2-12. site and structure are known from the photos, it would have been of additional help to the reconstruction architects to have more of the floor plan. They did locate the foundation of an adobe wall which is visible in a AMONG THE photo preceeding the Seeley stable, and was evidently a garden wall for the Bandini house. AVOCAT/ONALS Ezell excavated the Casa de Machado (formerly called the Stewart House) on Congress Street in Sept., 1967 for • A regular column by the State Parks. The adobe house, still standing, was LYNN HUDSON built in 1830. His report is now published in the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly, Vol. 8, No. 4, Oct. 1972, pp. 1-34. "See'. You had brains all along and didn't know it. •. The other Casa Machado de Silvas (also known as the all you needed was a piece of paper_ that says you can Machado Chapel or House of the Flag) on San Diego 'Ave. Think," or words to that effect, quoth the Wizard of Oz as in Old Town was excavated by Dr. William Wallace, his he handed a scrolled diploma to the Scarecrow in the wife Edith, and a crew of seven from Jan. 3 through Feb. children's story. 13, 19 73. They trenched along the walls both inside and This assumption is one that has prevailed in many outside the adobe structure. The first construction in fields, and it is not surprising tha_t "amateur" archaeolo­ 1843 was a rectangular three or four room structure gists are sometimes viewed as suspect by degree- bearing parallel to the plaza. Subsequent additions were added­ professionals. Fortunately, the SCA has broadened its a west wing after 1850, and the east wing in 1946. The view to include the theory that not all good archaeologists west wing incorporated what had previously been an out have a string of letters behind their names. Possession building. The heavy rains during February along with the of a degree is no guarantee that the person is a competent excavation of land next door by a bulldozer operator archaeologist. Conversely, it is difficult to say when a created structural weaknesses and capilary action, non-degreed person possesses professional-level skills. causing a section of the older east wall to collapse one A current program will help to establish a mode of evening while the crew was gone. criteria, however, for those a vocationalists who feel the Next door to the east was the original site of the Casa need to be or are goal-oriented. Modeled after the Rodriguez, excavated by Ray Brandes, Jim Moriarty and a successful Arkansas program, the plan is being tested in a class from the University of San Diego under contract with joint program put forth by the SCA, the UC Riverside the State Parks during Jan. 4-2 5, 1973. The purpose was Archaeological Research Unit, the Riverside Municipal to locate the foundations of the adobe house constructed in Museum and the Riverside County Park Department. 1820 which burned in 1872. They were able to locate the The purpose of the program is two-fold. First, it can outlines of five rooms. The final reports for all three be a means whereby a person interested in archaeology, projects in Old Town are currently in preparation for the but not academically trained as a professional, can receive State Parks. formal training. Second, it is also a means of turning Mission San Diego de Alcala. The sixth "dig" in San enthusiastic but rank amateurs into concerned, Diego is this mission, started in 1966 by Ray Brandes of the knowledgeable aides in the fight to preserve the past for University of San Diego with Jim Moriarty joining him in the future. 1968. This is part of the University's upper division The program - or one similar - can be used as a means to • course in Historic Sites Methods in Archaeology. A give direction to the participants and to the groups they syllabus .::if the course is available from Brandes and represent. The problem of in valving members in the Moriarty. The mission, the first in the California chain, activities of avocational groups is one we have heard was constructed between 1769 and 1821, and is still used voiced more than once. A Certification program, with today by the Diocese of San Diego. Some historic established goals and standardized criteria, will go far to excavations were performed during the restoration work in overcome involvement problems. the L930's. The first efforts of U.S.D. were spent in Time, to the dedicated avocationalist, is the problem. clearing out the larg.e southern wing of the mission While we firmly believe that all those who ha_ve an intense complex, consisting of some 2 0 rooms , of which only the interest in the field should be encouraged to enroll in foundations remain. These were the rooms and living academic courses, not everyone has the "free" time and quarters of the mission Fathers, and it is intended to schedule to permit participation in this structured a setting. eventually reconstruct this section. When this excavation The Certification program will provide many levels of was completed lfy the end of 1969, the emphasis shifted competence which must be demonstrated after training, to the east wall of the compound and from there to the While we firmly believe that all those who have an intense outside eastern side of this same wall. This area turned interest in the field should be encouraged to enroll in out to be a cemetery used by the U.S. Army during its academic courses, not everyone has the "free" time to occupation of the mission from 1849-1862. Mixed in with permit participation in such a structured setting. The this cemetery are the mission outbuildings such as the Certification Program will provide many levels of wine press, olive press, and six pillar foundations competence which must be demonstrated after training, indicating an archway. Continuing on Feb. 2 4, the class but the pressure of time limits is of no consequence. has been concentrating on this Mission San Diego Military You proceed toward Certification at your own speed. Post CE'.metery and mission outbuildings. Twenty-two There are eight categories in the pilot model: military burials are believed to have been placed there; nine Provisional Surveyor, Crew Member, Lab Worker; have so far been located. Also the crew was able to Certified Surveyor, Crew Member, Lab Worker; locate the martyred Father Luis Jayme's grave. A short Archaeological Technician, and Field Archaeologist. The article exists on two of the graves- D. Glen Reck and latter two are "graduate" designations which demand further knowledge and skills after the basic requirements

II I• are satisfied. Rock Camp, San Bernardino Mountain Archaeological The details of the program are in the process of Excavation, by Ruth D. Simpson, the report of several being set down for the guidance of other projects on a summers of excavation in a mountain meadow north of statewide basis. The revisions, changes and modifica­ Lake Arrowhead. The Museum became interested in this tions being made follow the Arkansas' program's by­ site because it was a meeting place of inland valley and word, "Be Flexible. " By Fall, we will bring you a desert cultures, and because few complete surveys or further· update on the progress made. In the meantime, supervised excavations had been undertaken in the • for those who want more specific information, drop a Transverse Range. Included are charts, maps, sketches, note to Rick Banks, 871-A Prescott Way, Riverside, CA photographs, and bibliography. The report also contains 92507, and he will fill you in more fully. brief geological, biological, and historical studies of the GROUP NEWS area. It is available at $2. 50 from the San Bernardino County Mus~um, 18860 Orange Street, Bloomington, CA The Archaeological Survey Association of Southern 92316. California is proudly announcing the establishment of a Under the direction of Dr. Gerald A. Smith, Museum Research Center for the Study of Early Man, in affiliation Director, Miss Ruth Simpson, County Archaeologist, and with La Verne College, in a very large building now leased Bob Reynolds, Museum Geologist, the detailed archaeo­ from the David .and Margaret Home for Children. The new logical survey of a 51 square mile area in the Mid Hills quarters· are located on approximately two acres of land region in eastern San Bernardino County is continuing. and enclosed by a six-foot fence. There are 141 rooms The survey was undertaken by the San Bernardino County on hand, with a total floor space of 37, 000 space, and a Museum and the Archeological Survey Association of large lecture and assembly hall. Southern California under federal permit from the Bureau of Several working labs are being set up in the basement. Land Management, which ha·s opened new camp grounds at Five offices have been devoted to the Publications Hole-in-the-Wall and Mid Hills, and a new road through Committee. A large Gallery has been set aside to display this beautiful pinon-juniper country. Since the survey the petroglyph reproductions by Charles LaMonk, They bega,n, vandalism has already been noted, a result to be even have rooms they haven't assigned! expected over a wide area upon the opening of a road like The Maturango Museum regulars were treated in May this through a rich and hitherto largely inaccessible area. with a lecture on the Namib Desert of South West Africa, The Mid Bills survey immediately followed a similar by Professor Lloyd Mason Smith, of Orange Coast one under similar circumstances in the area of the Granite College in Costa Mesa and founder of the Palm Springs Mountains, between Amboy.and Kelso, where the BLM expects Desert Museum, who presented a comparison of the soon to develop another primitive campground. Namib Desert with the Mojave Desert. The presentation Under the direction of Ruth Simpson, the SBC!V will .be was so well received that a repeat performance has been starting a salvage project for the State Highway Department slated for the near future. along the new alignment of California Highway 138 in The Santa Clara County Archaeological Society Gajon Pass this summer. The area has some historical as rounded up members to assist salvaging two sites- one well as archaeological interest, having been directly in the Almaden Valley being bulldozed for a housing involved in the de.velopment of main travel routes between tract, the other in downtown Saratoga, which is reported the desert and the coast from prehistoric times. on elsewhere in this issue. The Society is jointly With the assistance of the Archeological Survey Assoc- sponsoring an extension class with West Valley College iation of Southern California and other volunteers, the • on laboratory procedures, using the salvaged material l\fuseum is continuing the excavation project at Rancho for instruction. California in Orange County. ARDA M. HAENSZEL Another salvage dig was aided by members of the Antelope Valley Archaeological Society, who participated in a 9-day junket to nearby Red Rock Canyon to help Roger Robinson of AV College take out a rock shelter area, under the auspices of the State Department of Parks and Recreation. EARTH SCIENCE AND The San Luis Opispo Archaeology Society is initiating ARC HAEOLO.GY a program to certify members in different fields of archaeology. The Society feels that the SCA is the logical Column No. 4 agency to control a uniform state-wide certification David L. Weide program; but until fue SCA gets the program going, the Department of Geology SLOCAS will proceed on its own with a program modeled University of California after the Arkansas Program. They will begin with · Los Angeles, C.l;I. 90024 certification of Surveyers ', which will be tied in with the need to che'ck out areas designated by public or private agencies for future construction. NOTES ON HOLOCENE CLIMATE ALONG THE CALIFORNIA We were very pleased that most all of the avocationals COAST are publishing news on summer field projects, and look During the past several years, archa.eologists studying forward to providing you with information on the summer sites along the coast of Southern California (especially activities in the Fall issue. those involved with the Santa Monica Mountains Project} have raised questions concerning changes in climate over SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY MUSEUM the past several thousand years. In general the questions The San Bernardino County Museum, with a professional fall into three categories; 1) how can we determine the archaeologist on its staff, other trained personnel, and a nature and extent of climatic change, 2) what has been the number of willing volunteers, is and has been active in magnitude of change, in absolute terms, 3) could these the field of archaeology. Not only are projects carried on changes have materially influenced the pattern of man's in the field with proper permits, but reports are usually occupation of the coastal z.one. published. A recent Museum Quarterly (Fall 1972) is Our present knowledge of Holocene paleocHmates 12 • (climates of the la st 10, 000 years) along the west coast A final point which might be considered is that rates of North America is based primarily on secondary informa­ of change of oceanic water temperatures and related tion gained frorr. studies of the spatial distribution, climatic phenomena are extremely slow because of the through time, of the shellfish (clams, gastropods, ocean's mass and circulatory pattern. Thus, even if oysters, limpets, etc.) which comprise the coastal temperature changes over the pa st 8, 000 years amount to molluscan fauna. Step-wise, the answers to our 3 or 4 degrees C. it is not clear whether the rate of the questions concerning climatic change evolve as follows. resultant climatic shifts would exceed the adaptibility of 1) Coastal, shallow water marine invertebrates can, on man or his food resources and whether such change can the basis of species or assemblages of species, tolerate be accurately reflected in the archaeological record. rather limited ranges of water temperature. 2) In summary I feel that for purposes of reconstructing Assemblages of fossil shells (for instance those found on paleo-environments alc;:n g the California coast during raised coastal terraces) in some instances do not match the past 8 or 9 thousand years it is unnecessary to rely modern populations on the adjacent coast but appear to be on "changes in climate" as a major driving force in the "displaced" either farther north or farther south than study of changing lifeways. their modern counterparts. 3) We assume that molluscan In the next issue of the NEWSLETTER we might look populations can expand or contract along the northern at eustatic and isostatic changes along the California or southern boundaries of their ranges in response to cm;ist- two factors of considerable importance in earth changes in sea water temperature. Finally we assume science and archaeology. the modern temperature/animal relationships are analogous to those of the past. ERRATUM As an example of this type of study we might use The "Earth Science" column in the December 1972 issue central California (in the vicinity of Santa Cruz) as an of the Newsletter (Vol. 6 No. 6) contained an error in example. Present day coastal water maximums and Paragraph 4, which reads, "The term FLINT should be minimums are about 15 ° C (60 °F) during the months of applied only to sili,cate material found in non-carbonate August-October and 11. 5 °C (53 °F) during the months of marine sediments ••. ". It SHOULD read, "The term December-April. In the same area fossils from ·Pleistocene FLINT should be reserved for silicate material found as marine terraces equate with species now living where nodules in limestone while the term CHERT should be August-October water temperatures are 13 •c (SS °F) and applied only to silicate material found in non-carbonate where December-April temperatures average\? .s•c marine sediments ••• " (45 °F). This indicates that in the interval between a colder, glacial epoch and the present, sea temperatures cont. from p. 8 have become slightly warmer. This is the type of information concerning paleoclimate we can gain from Hence, we believe that the museums of the University studies of the distribution of marine mollusks. of California, Berkeley must join other museums throughout It is important to note that several impdrtant questions the world in formulating a policy which will regulate, are left unanswered by this approach to paleoclirnate. reduce, and control the illicit traffic in art and antiquities. First, what do relatively small changes in ocean tempera­ Policy: Therefore, on behalf of the Lowie Museum of ture mean in terms of the coastal climate; especially in Anthropology and the University Art Museum, the University tenns of those climatic factors which directly effect man, of California, Berkeley will use its best efforts to ensure such as the distribution and intensity of precipitation that any object to be accessioned to their respective throughout the year, which will influence stream and spring collections has not been: discharge (and hence the availability of drinking water, 1. Excavated without permit, where such permits are or the growth cycle of.·edible plants) or diurnal and • required, whether in the United States or abroad; monthly temperature ranges which might influence seasonal occupation of upland, interior areas interspersed 2. Stolen from a private collection, a dealer in art and/ with coastal habitation. It is not at all clear that we or antiquities, a museum, or a nationally designated can draw a direct correlation between surface water monument; or temperature and the day-ta-:day weather patterns which 3. Exported from its country or origin in violation of the combine to form "climate". Second, what kind of time laws of that country and/or the country where it was last intervals. are we de.aling wit.J.i? In fact, most of the legally owned. Pleistocene faunal assemblages used to reconstruct water temperatures are old- considerably older than Moreover, should either of these museums of the 20, 30, or even 40 thousand years- thus the information University of California, Berkeley, come int~ possession they provide cannot be applied directly to the last 8 or 9 of any object in violation of these principles, the thousand years, the interval of most active archaeological University will, if practicable, return it to the rightful interest. Furthennore, the magnitude of the shifts implied owner. by the faunal data is far greater than the changes which have taken place since the onset of present climatic I strongly recommend to all SCA members that they conditions. Thus while there are indeed significant §mbmit'for adoption by their own institutions one of these differences between climatic conditions of the Full ··policies, or something similar. Among ourselves, we know Glacial WiAXIMUM, and those of today, the o:IRerences that most professionals already adhere to the ethical petween a period 8, 000 years ago and today will pr.obably position. But the official adoption of a formal written be considerably less. It is questionable., for instance, policy serves to make this fact known to others and also whether the measurable change in the molluscan compon­ serves an important educational purpose. ents of archaeological sites observed in some. areas is due KEITH A. DIXON, Committee to 1) water temperature (and Ii.ence climatic) chang;, 2) Chairman depletion of local resources beyond their recovery point, Dept. of Anthropology, Cal. or 3) changes in other aspects of the local environment State University (for instance siltitig in lagoonal areas or the erosion of Long Beach, Calif. 90840 open beach deposits). April 30, 1973 • 13 CURRENT FIELDWORK

EDITOR'S NOTE: The purpose of this column is to provide NATURE OF PROTECT (SURVEY, EXCAVATION, SALVAGE, a permanent record of all archaeology done in the state~ ENV1RONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT, ETC.) COUNTY, Please help us make this list complete b~ submitting the DIRECTOR, AND WHERE THE DATA IS LOCATED. following information on a regular basis: NAME OF PROJECT~

PROJECT LOCATION DIRECTOR DATES DATA AVAILABLE

Goose La~e Slough excavations (Betti Kern County Robert A. Schiffman current Bakersfield College Ranch); Buena Vista Village S1'1vage • excavations; Buena Vista Slough survey

Buchanan :canyon excavations (field class) San Diego James R. Moriarty 1 June 25- Unive:-sity of Saii. Diego Richard ) . Coyer August, 1973 Farmington Re-evaluat.i.oo Project Stanislaus County Brian Hatoff, current UC Davis (excavation) Tod Ruhstaller Bishop Ranch, San Ramon Coritra Costa Co Tom Jackson March 1973 AETAM Civic Terrace, Newark Alameda Co. Tom King March 1973 AETAM Fairlands Unit lt9 (Prelim), Pleasanton Alameda Co. Tom King March 1973 AETAM Gualala Ft. County Park, ~t.illwater Cove Sonoma Co. R. King April 19 73 cs cs County Park Gossage-Washoe Creek Flood Cont··ol Sonoma Co. R. King and Tom K!ng April 1973 cs cs Channel Irvine Town Center, Irvine Orange Co. T. King April, 1973 PAST La Cresta Development, Tiburon Marin Co. T. King April 1973 AETAM

San Pedro Reserve 1 Son Rafael Marin Co. T. King ApriJ. 1973 AETAM World College West Marin Co. Tom Jackson March 1973 AETAM M:rn-2S7, Tamales Bay / ·burial sa:!..vage Marin Co~ T. and R. King Aprll 1S73 cs cs S. Buck l\ock, Uppe~ Govt. Flat, Patton Mendocino Natl. T. King May 1973 AETAM fl...iill, salvage Forest Larkspur Ferry Landing Site Marin Co. B. Georke May !973 All'AM Lake Tahoe Basin Survey, Fallen Leaf Nevada Archaeological US Forest· Service Lake Area Survey LAn-264 excavations Los Angeles Co. Clement Meighan UCLA Arch. Survey Little Harbor Excavations Sta. Catalina Island Nels on Leonard Summer 1973 UCLA Arch. Survey Chapel excavations~ Santa Barbara Presidio Santa Barbara Co. Brian Fagan Nov. 1972 UCSB Old Creek Greens R~ U .. and Panorama Cayucos, SLO Co. Bob Gihson March I973 SLOCAS Estates Mobile Home Park EIR Piedras Blancas Highway EIR Piedras Blancas Bob Gibson April 1973 SLOCAS SLO Co. SMa-149. excavations SMa Co. coast Mike Moratto & March 1973 AETAM Roger Heglar Cloverdale/Oat I/alley Survey. 8-onoma Co. Mike Moratto April 1973 AETAM Tunitas Creek Survey San Mateo Co. Mike Moratto April 1973 AETAM SCr-20 excavations (Bonnie Doon) Ser-County Mike Moratto April 1973 AETAM Potrero Seco S~y Los Padres N. F. Stephen Horne Sept. 19-72- UCSB, present USFS Rice-Wills-Santa Ana Canyons Survey Los Padres N. F. Stephen Home A1'9USt 197:?: Middle Santa Ynes Vi>)ley Survey Los Padres N. F. S. Horne;. Wayne Olts Oct. 1972- Jan. 1973 Gridley Canyon Survey Los Padres N. F. Stephen Horne Jan. Feb 1973 Santa Ynes Ridge Survey Los Padres N.F. S. Horne, W. Olts current Salisbury-Pine Corral Potreros Suvey Los Padres N·. Y. S. Horne~ M·. Glas.sow current UCSB Santa Barbara Canyon Salvage Ventura 80. S. Horne. M ~ Glas.sow current UCSB • San Felipe Water District EIS Santa Clara Co. Tom :

The SOCIETY FOR CALIFORNIA ARCHA!:OWGY, Tnc., is a College, Lon11 Beach 90801 non-Profit scientific and educational organization_ Cent. Calif. Coast: Bob Gibson, Cueston Star Rt~, dedic.a ted to, promoting the interests of CaUfornia Archaeo­ Paso Rahfes, CA logy. All statements in the NEWSLETTffi, a bl-mcrnthly Larry L. Bowles, City of Riverside Municipal publication, do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the 372(} Orange St., Riverside, CA 925(}1 SCA unless said statements are signed the Society's N. Cali!. Coast: Tom K!n.q (address above) Presiderrt and Executive Committee. other s-tatements San Joaquin Valley & S. Sierra; Payson Sheets / Calif. are the opinions of the EditoriaI staff or of tbe person(s} State University, Fresno L CA 9'3710

and/or organizations whoge name appears below e.acb Sacramento Valley~ Dean Gaumer, 12 QS L. SL 3 Davis statement. CA 9561& SCAOPFlCffiS ASSOCIATE EDITORS

PRESIDENT: Chester D. King* IOSS' Broadway Ave. 1 San Research:: Ci-lester King; (address above) Jose, CA S512'5 ~Archaeology: Paul Schum8-cher, ZOO Pinehill N. CALIF~ VP: 1om King I- 83-0 Dexter St; santa Rosa, Roa:d, Hillsborough-, CA Cl\ 9'54:04 Legal and Political Affairs: Tom King (addres.s above) S. CALIF. VP: Herrick Hanks, UC Riverside Dept. of Avocation&! Affairs: Lynn Hudson; 35508 !TSth St., E, Anthrqpology. llttlerock CA 93'543 TRr:ASURER: Bobby Greenwood,. 725 Jaccn Way. Pacific Geology~ Dave Weide¥ Dept~ of Geology, UGI.A 9:0024 Palisades, CA 9'0272 Education: Shirley Lee, &SO Lathrop .. Stanford, CA SECRETARY: Mary Lou Ruppenthal, US Dept. of >