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Airline Deregulation: Lessons for Telecom HBSWK Pub
Airline Deregulation: Lessons for Telecom HBSWK Pub. Date: Jun 7, 2004 Airline deregulation created a whole new set of winners and losers. Those lessons learned could help telecom executives compete in their brave new world. by Jonathan Byrnes Top managers in telecommunications companies face a paradox. Many of their companies have huge market shares in one of the most promising, high-growth industries in our economy. Yet, as increasing deregulation enables competitors to encroach on their market share, revenues are threatened and all appears to be gloom and doom. That's why these executives are asking how to reset their strategies to prosper in the industry's new era. The airline experience during the critical deregulatory period twenty years ago provides valuable lessons for these managers, as well as for managers in all industries facing major strategic change. The seeds of long-term success or failure for the airlines were sown in the 1978-1983 deregulatory period. Deregulation pervasively changed the airline industry's underlying economic structure, necessitating a fundamental redirection of each airline's strategy. The key determinant of success or failure was whether a carrier reset its strategic paradigm—its underlying set of assumptions about the industry's economic structure and the basic competitive "win" strategies. Successful carriers comprehensively redirected their strategies to rest upon the industry's new bases for enduring advantage. Over half of the major airlines made a similar, fatal strategic error in this crucial period. The failures of legendary carriers like Braniff, Continental, Eastern, Pan American, and Western all were avoidable. Their misstep? Each pursued strategies that were largely extensions of their "wish list" of old strategies that Civil Aeronautics Board regulation had long blocked. -
TWA, Departs the World’S Gers, Not Mail, Unlike Most Other Airlines Skies in Almost the Same Industry Envi- PART I in Those Days
rans World Airlines, with one of the month; copilots, $250. most recognized U.S. airline sym- TAT was developed to carry passen- bols, TWA, departs the world’s gers, not mail, unlike most other airlines skies in almost the same industry envi- PART I in those days. TAT’s transcontinental ronment in which it came into being— As TWA ended its 71 years of air/rail service would take passengers the end of an unfettered period of ex- cross-country in 2 days instead of 3, as pansion marked by consolidation of air- continuous operations, it was rail-only travel required. On the west- lines. Born of a 1930 merger, TWA had the United States’ longest to-east schedule, passengers would most of its assets purchased by Ameri- board a Ford Trimotor at Los Angeles can Airlines on April 9, 2001, to end flying air carrier. at 8:45 a.m. (PST), deplane at Clovis, TWA’s run as the longest-flying air car- N.M., at 6:54 p.m. (MST) for a night rail By Esperison Martinez, Jr. rier in U.S. commercial aviation. Still, trip to Waynoka, Okla., via the Topeka Contributing Editor its 71 years of flying millions of passen- & Santa Fe Railroad, followed by an 8- gers throughout the world, of record- hour 8-minute Trimotor flight to Colum- ing achievements that won’t be quickly bus, Ohio, then onto the Pennsylvania duplicated, of establishing sterling stan- manager of NAT, became TAT vice- Railroad to arrive in New York City the dards of operations, safety, and profes- president. -
Units and Magnitudes (Lecture Notes)
physics 8.701 topic 2 Frank Wilczek Units and Magnitudes (lecture notes) This lecture has two parts. The first part is mainly a practical guide to the measurement units that dominate the particle physics literature, and culture. The second part is a quasi-philosophical discussion of deep issues around unit systems, including a comparison of atomic, particle ("strong") and Planck units. For a more extended, profound treatment of the second part issues, see arxiv.org/pdf/0708.4361v1.pdf . Because special relativity and quantum mechanics permeate modern particle physics, it is useful to employ units so that c = ħ = 1. In other words, we report velocities as multiples the speed of light c, and actions (or equivalently angular momenta) as multiples of the rationalized Planck's constant ħ, which is the original Planck constant h divided by 2π. 27 August 2013 physics 8.701 topic 2 Frank Wilczek In classical physics one usually keeps separate units for mass, length and time. I invite you to think about why! (I'll give you my take on it later.) To bring out the "dimensional" features of particle physics units without excess baggage, it is helpful to keep track of powers of mass M, length L, and time T without regard to magnitudes, in the form When these are both set equal to 1, the M, L, T system collapses to just one independent dimension. So we can - and usually do - consider everything as having the units of some power of mass. Thus for energy we have while for momentum 27 August 2013 physics 8.701 topic 2 Frank Wilczek and for length so that energy and momentum have the units of mass, while length has the units of inverse mass. -
The Mystery of Gravitation and the Elementary Graviton Loop Tony Bermanseder
The Mystery of Gravitation and the Elementary Graviton Loop Tony Bermanseder [email protected] This message shall address the mystery of gravitation and will prove to be a pertinent cornerstone for terrestrial scientists, who are searching for the unification physics in regards to their cosmologies. This message so requires familiarity with technical nomenclature, but I shall attempt to simplify sufficiently for all interested parties to follow the outlines. 1. Classically metric Newtonian-Einsteinian Gravitation and the Barycentre! 2. Quantum Gravitation and the Alpha-Force - Why two mass-charges attract each other! 3. Gauge-Vortex Gravitons in Modular String-Duality! 4. The Positronium Exemplar! 1. Classically metric Newtonian-Einsteinian Gravitation and the Barycentre! Most of you are know of gravity as the long-range force {F G}, given by Isaac Newton as the interaction between two masses {m 1,2 }, separated by a distance R and in the formula: 2 {F G =G.m 1.m 2/R } and where G is Newton's Gravitational Constant, presently measured as -11 -10 about 6.674x10 G-units and maximized in Planck- or string units as G o=1.111..x10 G-units. The masses m 1,2 are then used as 'point-masses', meaning that the mass of an object can be thought of as being centrally 'concentrated' as a 'centre of mass' and/or as a 'centre of gravity'. 24 For example, the mass of the earth is about m 1=6x10 kg and the mass of the sun is about 30 m2=2x10 kg and so as 'point-masses' the earth and the sun orbit or revolve about each other with a centre of mass or BARYCENTRE within the sun, but displaced towards the line connecting the two bodies. -
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International Journal of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 2021, 11(1): 29-59 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijtmp.20211101.03 Measurement Quantization Describes the Physical Constants Jody A. Geiger 1Department of Research, Informativity Institute, Chicago, IL, USA Abstract It has been a long-standing goal in physics to present a physical model that may be used to describe and correlate the physical constants. We demonstrate, this is achieved by describing phenomena in terms of Planck Units and introducing a new concept, counts of Planck Units. Thus, we express the existing laws of classical mechanics in terms of units and counts of units to demonstrate that the physical constants may be expressed using only these terms. But this is not just a nomenclature substitution. With this approach we demonstrate that the constants and the laws of nature may be described with just the count terms or just the dimensional unit terms. Moreover, we demonstrate that there are three frames of reference important to observation. And with these principles we resolve the relation of the physical constants. And we resolve the SI values for the physical constants. Notably, we resolve the relation between gravitation and electromagnetism. Keywords Measurement Quantization, Physical Constants, Unification, Fine Structure Constant, Electric Constant, Magnetic Constant, Planck’s Constant, Gravitational Constant, Elementary Charge ground state orbital a0 and mass of an electron me – both 1. Introduction measures from the 2018 CODATA – we resolve fundamental length l . And we continue with the resolution of We present expressions, their calculation and the f the gravitational constant G, Planck’s reduced constant ħ corresponding CODATA [1,2] values in Table 1. -
The Monopolar Quantum Relativistic Electron an Extension of the Standard Model and Quantum Field Theory
The Monopolar Quantum Relativistic Electron An extension of the standard model and quantum field theory http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_28.html Abstract: Despite the experimental success of the quantum theory and the extension of classical physics in quantum field theory and relativity in special and general application; a synthesis between the classical approach based on Euclidean and Riemann geometries with that of 'modern' theoretical physics based on statistical energy and frequency distributions remains to be a field of active research for the global theoretical and experimental physics community. In this paper a particular attempt for unification shall be indicated in the proposal of a third kind of relativity in a geometric form of quantum relativity, which utilizes the string modular duality of a higher dimensional energy spectrum based on a physics of wormholes directly related to a cosmogony preceding the cosmologies of the thermodynamic universe from inflaton to instanton. In this way, the quantum theory of the microcosm of the outer and inner atom becomes subject to conformal transformations to and from the instanton of a quantum big bang or qbb and therefore enabling a description of the macrocosm of general relativity in terms of the modular T-duality of 11-dimensional supermembrane theory and so incorporating quantum gravity as a geometrical effect of energy transformations at the wormhole scale. Using the linked Feynman lecture at Caltech as a background for the quantum relative approach; this paper shall focus on the way the classical electron with a stipulated electromagnetic mass as a function of its spacial extent exposes the difficulty encountered by quantum field theories to model nature as mathematical point-particles without spacial extent. -
Should Physical Laws Be Unit-Invariant?
Should physical laws be unit-invariant? 1. Introduction In a paper published in this journal in 2015, Sally Riordan reviews a recent debate about whether fundamental constants are really “constant”, or whether they may change over cosmological timescales. Her context is the impending redefinition of the kilogram and other units in terms of fundamental constants – a practice which is seen as more “objective” than defining units in terms of human artefacts. She focusses on one particular constant, the fine structure constant (α), for which some evidence of such a variation has been reported. Although α is not one of the fundamental constants involved in the proposed redefinitions, it is linked to some which are, so that there is a clear cause for concern. One of the authors she references is Michael Duff, who presents an argument supporting his assertion that dimensionless constants are more fundamental than dimensioned ones; this argument employs various systems of so-called “natural units”. [see Riordan (2015); Duff (2004)] An interesting feature of this discussion is that not only Riordan herself, but all the papers she cites, use a formula for α that is valid only in certain systems of units, and would not feature in a modern physics textbook. This violates another aspect of objectivity – namely, the idea that our physical laws should be expressed in such a way that they are independent of the particular units we choose to use; they should be unit-invariant. In this paper I investigate the place of unit-invariance in the history of physics, together with its converse, unit-dependence, which we will find is a common feature of some branches of physics, despite the fact that, as I will show in an analysis of Duff’s argument, unit-dependent formulae can lead to erroneous conclusions. -
Fundamental Constants and Units and the Search for Temporal Variations
Lecture Notes for the Schladming Winter School "Masses and Constants" 2010. Published in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 203-204, 18 (2010) 1 Fundamental constants and units and the search for temporal variations Ekkehard Peika aPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany This article reviews two aspects of the present research on fundamental constants: their use in a universal and precisely realizable system of units for metrology and the search for a conceivable temporal drift of the constants that may open an experimental window to new physics. 1. INTRODUCTION mainly focus on two examples: the unit of mass that is presently realized via an artefact that shall These lectures attempt to cover two active top- be replaced by a quantum definition based on fun- ics of research in the field of the fundamental con- damental constants and the unit of time, which stants whose motivations may seem to be discon- is exceptional in the accuracy to which time and nected or even opposed. On one hand there is a frequencies can be measured with atomic clocks. successful program in metrology to link the real- The second part will give a brief motivation for ization of the base units as closely as possible to the search for variations of constants, will re- the values of fundamental constants like the speed view some observations in geophysics and in as- of light c, the elementary charge e etc., because trophysics and will finally describe laboratory ex- such an approach promises to provide a univer- periments that make use of a new generation of sal and precise system for all measurements of highly precise atomic clocks. -
Ʌ-Units and Ʌ-Mega Quantum of Action in Their Historical Context
Ʌ-Units and Ʌ-Mega Quantum of action in their historical context Ludwik Kostro, ATENEUM ‒ University of Higher Education, Gdańsk, prof. emeritus at Gdańsk University, Poland, [email protected] Abstract: In Physics we are using conventional units, e.g. nowadays the SI system. Some physicists, among them G. J. Stoney, M. Planck, and Ch. Kittel have introduced into physics the so-called “Natural Units” determi- ned by universal constants. Since several years I am trying to introduce a set of natural units determined by the three Einstein’s constants c, κ = and Ʌ. Since long time in Relativistic Cosmology there are already used some units determined by c, κ and Ʌ: the Ʌ-force = ; Ʌ-pressure of the physical Ʌ Ʌ Ʌ vacuum P = ; Ʌ-mass density ρ = and Ʌ- energy density ρ c = . Ʌ Ʌ Ʌ In my paper (Kostro 2018) there was published the whole list of Ʌ-units. I call them Ʌ- units because they are determined, for the first time, also by the cosmological constant. Among them there are the Mega Units (perhaps Mega Quanta): of Ʌ-Mass M = , of Ʌ-Energy E = ; the Mega Ʌ Ʌ½ Ʌ Ʌ½ Quantum of Ʌ-Action H = . Since some of Ʌ-units can be interpreted Ʌ Ʌ as de Broglie like Ʌ-period T = , Ʌ-frequency v = cɅ½ , Ʌ-ener- Ʌ Ʌ½ Ʌ Ʌ gy EɅ =HɅvɅ and Ʌ-wave length λɅ = and because between the all Ʌ universal constants there ate correlations and interconnections we can ask the question whether in the Nature there are perhaps Ʌ-mega waves, Ʌ- mega fluctuations. -
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Phrase Structure and the Syntax of Clitics in the History of Spanish
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons IRCS Technical Reports Series Institute for Research in Cognitive Science 8-1-1993 Phrase Structure and the Syntax of Clitics in the History of Spanish Josep M. Fontana University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports Part of the Spanish Linguistics Commons Fontana, Josep M., "Phrase Structure and the Syntax of Clitics in the History of Spanish" (1993). IRCS Technical Reports Series. 183. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/183 University of Pennsylvania Institute for Research in Cognitive Science Technical Report No. IRCS-93-24. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ircs_reports/183 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Phrase Structure and the Syntax of Clitics in the History of Spanish Abstract This thesis is a qualitative and quantitative study of the changes that occurred in the phrase structure and system of pronominal clitics in medieval and renaissance Spanish, with the goal of explaining the basic differences between the syntactic properties of clitics in Old Spanish and their counterparts in the various dialects of modern Spanish. Specifically, I argue that these differences are explainable if we classify OSp clitics as Second Position (2P) clitics, in contrast to their modern counterparts. 2P clitics are treated here as prosodically deficient phrasal constituents that appear displaced from their canonical positions as internal arguments of the verb and are adjoined -
Forest Management, and the Harvesting and Marketing of Wood in Sweden
FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN No. 41 Forest Management, and the Harvesting and Marketing of Wood in Sweden By B. W. HOLTAM, E. S. B. CHAPMAN, R. B. ROSS and M. G. HARKER FORESTRY COMMISSION LONDON: HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE PRICE 13s. 6d. NET Forestry Commission ARCHIVE FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN No. 41 Forest Management, and the Harvesting and Marketing of Wood in Sweden REPORT ON A VISIT OF FOUR FORESTRY COMMISSION OFFICERS TO NORWAY AND SWEDEN IN MAY 1965 By B. W. HOLTAM, B.Sc., E. S. B. CHAPMAN, B.Sc., R. B. ROSS, A.M.I.Mech.E., and M. G. HARKER, B.Sc., FORESTRY COMMISSION LONDON: HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE 1967 PREFACE Members of the team Mr. B. W. Holtam Team Leader—Assistant Conservator in the Marketing Division at Forestry Commission Headquarters, London. Mr. E. S. B. Chapman Work Study Officer, Edinburgh. Mr. R. B. Ross Machinery Officer, Work Study Section, Edinburgh. Mr. M. G. Harker Sales and Utilisation Officer, East (England) Conservancy. Period of Visit The team was in the southern half of Sweden from the afternoon of Monday, 3rd May to the afternoon of Monday, 31st May, 1965; Tuesday, 1st June and the morning of Wednesday, June 2nd were spent in Norway in and near Oslo. Terms of Reference The team was given the following terms of reference:— The main object of the visit to Sweden is to study managerial, organisational and technical practices which seem likely to assist in promoting greater efficiency in the creation and maintenance of state and private woodlands at home and in the harvesting and transport wood to consumer industries.