The Paradox of Nuclear Waste
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Net Zero by 2050 a Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050
Net Zero by 2050 A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050 A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector Net Zero by 2050 Interactive iea.li/nzeroadmap Net Zero by 2050 Data iea.li/nzedata INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the IEA member IEA association full spectrum countries: countries: of energy issues including oil, gas and Australia Brazil coal supply and Austria China demand, renewable Belgium India energy technologies, Canada Indonesia electricity markets, Czech Republic Morocco energy efficiency, Denmark Singapore access to energy, Estonia South Africa demand side Finland Thailand management and France much more. Through Germany its work, the IEA Greece advocates policies Hungary that will enhance the Ireland reliability, affordability Italy and sustainability of Japan energy in its Korea 30 member Luxembourg countries, Mexico 8 association Netherlands countries and New Zealand beyond. Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Please note that this publication is subject to Switzerland specific restrictions that limit Turkey its use and distribution. The United Kingdom terms and conditions are available online at United States www.iea.org/t&c/ This publication and any The European map included herein are without prejudice to the Commission also status of or sovereignty over participates in the any territory, to the work of the IEA delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Foreword We are approaching a decisive moment for international efforts to tackle the climate crisis – a great challenge of our times. -
U.S. Energy in the 21St Century: a Primer
U.S. Energy in the 21st Century: A Primer March 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R46723 SUMMARY R46723 U.S. Energy in the 21st Century: A Primer March 16, 2021 Since the start of the 21st century, the U.S. energy system has changed tremendously. Technological advances in energy production have driven changes in energy consumption, and Melissa N. Diaz, the United States has moved from being a net importer of most forms of energy to a declining Coordinator importer—and a net exporter in 2019. The United States remains the second largest producer and Analyst in Energy Policy consumer of energy in the world, behind China. Overall energy consumption in the United States has held relatively steady since 2000, while the mix of energy sources has changed. Between 2000 and 2019, consumption of natural gas and renewable energy increased, while oil and nuclear power were relatively flat and coal decreased. In the same period, production of oil, natural gas, and renewables increased, while nuclear power was relatively flat and coal decreased. Overall energy production increased by 42% over the same period. Increases in the production of oil and natural gas are due in part to technological improvements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling that have facilitated access to resources in unconventional formations (e.g., shale). U.S. oil production (including natural gas liquids and crude oil) and natural gas production hit record highs in 2019. The United States is the largest producer of natural gas, a net exporter, and the largest consumer. Oil, natural gas, and other liquid fuels depend on a network of over three million miles of pipeline infrastructure. -
Amazon's Antitrust Paradox
LINA M. KHAN Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox abstract. Amazon is the titan of twenty-first century commerce. In addition to being a re- tailer, it is now a marketing platform, a delivery and logistics network, a payment service, a credit lender, an auction house, a major book publisher, a producer of television and films, a fashion designer, a hardware manufacturer, and a leading host of cloud server space. Although Amazon has clocked staggering growth, it generates meager profits, choosing to price below-cost and ex- pand widely instead. Through this strategy, the company has positioned itself at the center of e- commerce and now serves as essential infrastructure for a host of other businesses that depend upon it. Elements of the firm’s structure and conduct pose anticompetitive concerns—yet it has escaped antitrust scrutiny. This Note argues that the current framework in antitrust—specifically its pegging competi- tion to “consumer welfare,” defined as short-term price effects—is unequipped to capture the ar- chitecture of market power in the modern economy. We cannot cognize the potential harms to competition posed by Amazon’s dominance if we measure competition primarily through price and output. Specifically, current doctrine underappreciates the risk of predatory pricing and how integration across distinct business lines may prove anticompetitive. These concerns are height- ened in the context of online platforms for two reasons. First, the economics of platform markets create incentives for a company to pursue growth over profits, a strategy that investors have re- warded. Under these conditions, predatory pricing becomes highly rational—even as existing doctrine treats it as irrational and therefore implausible. -
The Peculiar Mormon Paradox
Mormon Studies Review Volume 4 | Number 1 Article 4 1-1-2017 The ecP uliar Mormon Paradox Molly Worthen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/msr2 Part of the Mormon Studies Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Worthen, Molly (2017) "The eP culiar Mormon Paradox," Mormon Studies Review: Vol. 4 : No. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/msr2/vol4/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the All Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mormon Studies Review by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Worthen: The Peculiar Mormon Paradox Review Essays The Peculiar Mormon Paradox Molly Worthen Review of Randall Balmer and Jana Riess. Mormonism and American Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016; Neil J. Young. We Gather Together: The Religious Right and the Problem of Interfaith Poli- tics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016; David E. Campbell, John C. Green, and J. Quin Monson. Seeking the Promised Land: Mormons and American Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014. When Joseph Smith ran for president in 1844, he spoke like a radi- cal democrat. “In the United States, the people are the government,” his campaign platform proclaimed. He enthusiastically endorsed popular sovereignty, offered a plan to abolish slavery by gradually buying out slaveholders with revenues from the sale of public lands, and proposed to pardon every convict, “blessing them as they go, and saying to them in the name of the Lord, go thy way and sin no more.”1 Smith’s rhetoric reflected the high view of human nature that is a cornerstone of Mormon theology. -
Improving Institutional Access to Financing Incentives for Energy
Improving Institutional Access to Financing Incentives for Energy Demand Reductions Masters Project: Final Report April 2016 Sponsor Agency: The Ecology Center (Ann Arbor, MI) Student Team: Brian La Shier, Junhong Liang, Chayatach Pasawongse, Gianna Petito, & Whitney Smith Faculty Advisors: Paul Mohai PhD. & Tony Reames PhD. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank our clients Alexis Blizman and Katy Adams from the Ecology Center. We greatly appreciate their initial efforts in conceptualizing and proposing the project idea, and providing feedback throughout the duration of the project. We would also like to thank our advisors Dr. Paul Mohai and Dr. Tony Reames for providing their expertise, guidance, and support. This Master's Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the OPUS requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan. ABSTRACT We developed this project in response to a growing locallevel demand for information and guidance on accessing local, state, and federal energy financing programs. Knowledge regarding these programs is currently scattered across independent websites and agencies, making it difficult for a lay user to identify available options for funding energy efficiency efforts. We collaborated with The Ecology Center, an Ann Arbor nonprofit, to develop an informationbased tool that would provide tailored recommendations to small businesses and organizations in need of financing to meet their energy efficiency aspirations. The tool was developed for use by The Ecology Center along with an implementation plan to strengthen their outreach to local stakeholders and assist their efforts in reducing Michigan’s energy consumption. We researched and analyzed existing clean energy and energy efficiency policies and financing opportunities available from local, state, federal, and utility entities for institutions in the educational, medical, religious, and multifamily housing sectors. -
Visual Metaphors on Album Covers: an Analysis Into Graphic Design's
Visual Metaphors on Album Covers: An Analysis into Graphic Design’s Effectiveness at Conveying Music Genres by Vivian Le A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Accounting and Business Information Systems (Honors Scholar) Presented May 29, 2020 Commencement June 2020 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Vivian Le for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Accounting and Business Information Systems presented on May 29, 2020. Title: Visual Metaphors on Album Covers: An Analysis into Graphic Design’s Effectiveness at Conveying Music Genres. Abstract approved:_____________________________________________________ Ryann Reynolds-McIlnay The rise of digital streaming has largely impacted the way the average listener consumes music. Consequentially, while the role of album art has evolved to meet the changes in music technology, it is hard to measure the effect of digital streaming on modern album art. This research seeks to determine whether or not graphic design still plays a role in marketing information about the music, such as its genre, to the consumer. It does so through two studies: 1. A computer visual analysis that measures color dominance of an image, and 2. A mixed-design lab experiment with volunteer participants who attempt to assess the genre of a given album. Findings from the first study show that color scheme models created from album samples cannot be used to predict the genre of an album. Further findings from the second theory show that consumers pay a significant amount of attention to album covers, enough to be able to correctly assess the genre of an album most of the time. -
Chapter 1: Energy Challenges September 2015 1 Energy Challenges
QUADRENNIAL TECHNOLOGY REVIEW AN ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES Chapter 1: Energy Challenges September 2015 1 Energy Challenges Energy is the Engine of the U.S. Economy Quadrennial Technology Review 1 1 Energy Challenges 1.1 Introduction The United States’ energy system, vast in size and increasingly complex, is the engine of the economy. The national energy enterprise has served us well, driving unprecedented economic growth and prosperity and supporting our national security. The U.S. energy system is entering a period of unprecedented change; new technologies, new requirements, and new vulnerabilities are transforming the system. The challenge is to transition to energy systems and technologies that simultaneously address the nation’s most fundamental needs—energy security, economic competitiveness, and environmental responsibility—while providing better energy services. Emerging advanced energy technologies can do much to address these challenges, but further improvements in cost and performance are important.1 Carefully targeted research, development, demonstration, and deployment (RDD&D) are essential to achieving these improvements and enabling us to meet our nation’s energy objectives. This report, the 2015 Quadrennial Technology Review (QTR 2015), examines science and technology RDD&D opportunities across the entire U.S. energy system. It focuses primarily on technologies with commercialization potential in the mid-term and beyond. It frames various tradeoffs that all energy technologies must balance, across such dimensions as diversity and security of supply, cost, environmental impacts, reliability, land use, and materials use. Finally, it provides data and analysis on RDD&D pathways to assist decision makers as they set priorities, subject to budget constraints, to develop more secure, affordable, and sustainable energy services. -
Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2015’’
JAC15A18 S.L.C. 114TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION S. ll To provide for the modernization of the energy policy of the United States, and for other purposes. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES llllllllll llllllllll introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on llllllllll A BILL To provide for the modernization of the energy policy of the United States, and for other purposes. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 4 (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 5 ‘‘Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2015’’. 6 (b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for 7 this Act is as follows: Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2. Definitions. TITLE I—EFFICIENCY Subtitle A—Buildings Sec. 1001. Greater energy efficiency in building codes. JAC15A18 S.L.C. 2 Sec. 1002. Budget-neutral demonstration program for energy and water con- servation improvements at multifamily residential units. Sec. 1003. Coordination of energy retrofitting assistance for schools. Sec. 1004. Energy efficiency retrofit pilot program. Sec. 1005. Utility energy service contracts. Sec. 1006. Use of energy and water efficiency measures in Federal buildings. Sec. 1007. Building training and assessment centers. Sec. 1008. Career skills training. Sec. 1009. Energy-efficient and energy-saving information technologies. Sec. 1010. Availability of funds for design updates. Sec. 1011. Energy efficient data centers. Sec. 1012. Weatherization Assistance Program. Sec. 1013. Reauthorization of State energy program. -
Energy Policy 101 Pre - Clean Energy Legislative Academy July 14, 2020
Energy Policy 101 Pre - Clean Energy Legislative Academy July 14, 2020 Tom Plant & Suzanne Tegen, CNEE Overview • U.S. Energy and Electricity Context • Electricity generation • Transmission, distribution, and rural electric cooperatives • Utilities, bills, and rate structures • Policy as a driver for clean energy • Energy justice • Mythbusters are sprinkled throughout • Renewable energy works even at night and when the wind doesn’t blow. • Wind power does not cause cancer. • Wildlife and wind power – clean energy is better for birds and bats. • Domestic vs. international manufacturing 2 The U.S. Energy Picture 3 4 Measuring Electricity – kW and kWh • A watt, kilowatt, megawatt (W, kW, MW) is how much energy is flowing or needs to flow, to power something • A kilowatt-hour (kWh) is the quantity – how much power you used over a period of time. One kilowatt-hour of electricity is enough to: • Examples in your house • Work on a laptop all day • Watch television for 3 hours (plasma) • Vacuum for one hour 5 Capacity Factor Ratio of actual electrical energy output over a given period of time to the maximum possible electrical energy output over that period. The time the power plant is not producing power can be due to routine maintenance, outages, the wind not blowing, power not needed, etc. For a land-based wind farm, it’s typically 35-50%. Coal plants’ typical capacity factors are about 60-70%. Natural gas plants’ typical capacity factors are about 50-60%. 6 50% Capacity Factor Examples Over the course of one Day Wind Farm - Capable of Producing 100 MW of power. -
Reading Resources E.O.C. Reading
Reading Resources for E.O.C. Reading SOL Paired Passages New SOL Question Formats Reading and Thinking Resources Inference Comprehension Resources Literature Resources State Testing Resources Developed by High School Reading Specialists Loudoun County Public Schools March 2013 Page 1 of 245 Purpose This booklet is designed for LCPS High School English Teachers and Reading Specialists to use during classroom instruction as we prepare our 11th grade students for the upcoming spring E.O.C. Reading SOL. The Virginia Department of Education has changed the format and content of the E.O.C. Reading SOL test. The new test will contain paired passages and newly formatted questions. Students will be expected to read and to compare nonfiction, fiction, or a poem focused on the same topic. Students will answer questions about the paired passages and will be expected to answer questions comparing the content, style, theme, purpose, and intended audience for both passages. The paired passages in this booklet are literature selections from various state released E.O.C. Reading tests. The LCPS High School Reading Specialists wrote test questions for these passages using the new released VA DOE question formats. In addition, the High School Reading Specialists contributed helpful reading and literature tips that can be used during classroom instruction to prepare our students. High School Reading Specialists Loudoun County Public Schools Page 2 of 245 These Loudoun County Public High School Reading Specialists put forth time and effort to create this resource booklet for teachers and students. Dr. Dianne Kinkead, LCPS Reading Supervisor K-12 Jane Haugh, Ph.D. -
CQR Genetically Modified Food
Res earc her Published by CQ Press, an Imprint of SAGE Publications, Inc. CQ www.cqresearcher.com Genetically Modified Food Should labels be required? alifornia voters will decide in November whether foods produced with genetically modified ingredients — so-called GM foods — should bear special labels. C The controversial measure reflects the uneven ac - ceptance of genetically engineered crops since their rise in the 1990s. Organic farmers and other opponents of GM foods contend they may pose health or environmental risks, despite widespread scientific consensus that they are not inherently more risky than other crops. Foes of the labeling referendum, including GM farmers and seed producers, such as Monsanto, say that GM crops are more Plant breeder Alamgir Hossain is developing Golden Rice for Bangladesh. Supporters of the genetically engineered variety say it could save the lives of up to productive, pest-resistant and environmentally friendly than conven - 2.7 million children a year, but it has yet to be planted commercially; the Philippines may approve it for tional crops and that the fast-growing organic industry and misguid - cultivation in 2013. ed consumer groups are to blame for confusion about the science I behind them. Even as GM crops have been embraced by U.S. N THIS REPORT commodity growers, Europe remains skeptical. However, eight of S THE ISSUES ....................719 I the 10 countries with the most acreage in biotech crops are now BACKGROUND ................726 D in the developing world. CHRONOLOGY ................727 E CURRENT SITUATION ........732 CQ Researcher • Aug. 31, 2012 • www.cqresearcher.com AT ISSUE ........................733 Volume 22, Number 30 • Pages 717-740 OUTLOOK ......................735 RECIPIENT OF SOCIETY OF PROFESSIONAL JOURNALISTS AWARD FOR BIBLIOGRAPHY ................738 EXCELLENCE N AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION SILVER GAVEL AWARD THE NEXT STEP ..............739 GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD CQ Re search er Aug. -
Clean Energy Policy Analyses: Analysis of the Status and Impact of Clean Energy Policies at the Local Level S
Clean Energy Policy Analyses: Analysis of the Status and Impact of Clean Energy Policies at the Local Level S. Busche NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Technical Report NREL/TP-6A20-49720 December 2010 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Clean Energy Policy Analyses: Analysis of the Status and Impact of Clean Energy Policies at the Local Level S. Busche Prepared under Task No. IGST.0103 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report 1617 Cole Boulevard NREL/TP-6A20-49720 Golden, Colorado 80401 December 2010 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.