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Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Sogdian Letter Fragments in Manichaean Script
ADAM BENKATO TURFANFORSCHUNG, BERLIN-BRANDENBURGISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN SOGDIAN LETTER FRAGMENTS IN MANICHAEAN SCRIPT SUMMARY A number of Sogdian letter fragments are preserved from the Manichaean communities in Turfan. Although the majority are written in the Sogdian script, a small number are written in a cursive variety of the Manichaean script found only in these texts. Their edition and study provides a brief glimpse into the dynamics of the community. Furthermore, the first paleographic analysis of Manichaean cursive is undertaken. Keywords: Manichaeism; Sogdian; epistolary texts; palaeography. RÉSUMÉ Un certain nombre de fragments de lettres en sogdien émanant des communautés mani- chéennes de Turfan ont été conservées jusqu’à nous. Bien que la plupart d’entre eux soient en graphie sogdienne, quelques fragments sont dans une variété cursive de l’écri- ture manichéenne que l’on ne trouve que dans ces textes. L’édition et l’étude de ces frag- ments donne un aperçu des dynamiques de la communauté manichéenne. Au-delà, cet article propose également la première analyse paléographique de l’écriture cursive manichéenne. Mots clés : manichéisme ; sogdien ; textes épistolaires ; paléographie. * * * In addition to the different genres of Manichaean literature in Middle Iranian languages, such as canonical and ritual texts, sermons, and parables, to name but a few, a number of letters in Sogdian are also known to exist. These texts, for the most part fragmentary, seem to have been sent between various locales in the Manichaean communities of Turfan and contain information about contemporary events. There are both official letters, written on scrolls containing illuminations (such as the Bezeklik letters), and “private” letters, seemingly written for more informal business between members of the community. -
38 • the FEDERAL LAWYER • November/December 2019
38 • THE FEDERAL LAWYER • November/December 2019 “When ISIS attacked Sinjar, they came to destroy.” —Yazidi religious authority ISIS AND THE CRIMES AGAINST THE YAZIDIS PEOPLE FRANCESCA BRAGA adia Murad1 is a 26-year-old Yazidi Al-Qaida in post-Saddam Iraq, which sanctioned their indiscriminate woman who was captured by the killing. ISIS has referred to them as a “pagan minority” and add that Yazidi women can be enslaved as spoils of war.9 so-called Islamic State of Iraq and Al- On June 10, 2014, ISIS captured Mosul and started a campaign to Sham (ISIS).2 She was a victim of war “purify” the region of its “non-Islamic” and Shiite communities. Ncrimes and has refused to accept the social norm Since the Sinjar District attack on Aug. 3, 2014, when ISIS that women should remain silent and ashamed publicly cited the Yazidi faith as the basis for the attack, ISIS has committed the crime of genocide as well as multiple crimes against of the abuses to which they have been subjected. humanity (CAH) and war crimes10 against the Yazidis.11 She has shown uncommon courage in recounting The U.N. Independent International Commission of Inquiry on her own sufferings and speaking up on behalf of the Syrian Arab Republic12 determined that ISIS’ violence against the 13 other victims.3 Yazidis of Sinjar constitutes a case of genocide defined by Article 2 of 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel of Genocide,14 to which the Syrian Arab Republic is a state party. -
Yazidis and the Original Religion of the Near East | Indistinct Union: Chri
Yazidis and the Original Religion of the Near East | Indistinct Union: Chri... http://indistinctunion.wordpress.com/2007/08/17/yazidis-and-the-original... Indistinct Union: Christianity, Integral Philosophy, and Politics Yazidis and the Original Religion of the Near East The horrific bombing in the Kurdish regions around Kirkuk (death toll estimates currently at 400) targeted the Yazidis, a smallish Kurdish (but non-Muslim) sect. The Ys tended to separate themselves from the Peshmerge (the Kurdish military), which likely resulted in their being left vulnerable to this brutal attack. (For interviews with some Yazidis, here via BBC). Who are theologically the Yazidis ? For repeat readers, they will know I support the (somewhat) controversial thesis of Christian scholar Margaret Barker (known as Royal Temple Theology). Barker’s first work is titled The Older Testament. A brilliant way to describe her point of view–namely that the Judaism that comes across in the Hebrew Bible we currently have has been massively (re)edited, more than most scholars will admit, by the Deuteronomic/Rabbinic schools of Judaism. The Older Testament (as opposed to the “Old Testament” of the Deutro. school) included the belief in two g/Gods. The first was the High God (El, Elyon) who had “sons” (angelic beings). Each angel, known as an angel of the nation, was chosen for a specific people. As above so below. i.e. When their was war on earth between two peoples, their angels were fighting in heaven. Hence all the Psalms rousing YHWH (Israel’s Angel/god) to fight. The second G/god then is YHWH for Israel. -
Late Onset of Sufism in Azerbaijan and the Influence of Zarathustra Thoughts on Its Fundamentals
International Journal of Philosophy and Theology September 2014, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 93-106 ISSN: 2333-5750 (Print), 2333-5769 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). 2014. All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/ijpt.v2n3a7 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijpt.v2n3a7 Late Onset of Sufism in Azerbaijan and the Influence of Zarathustra Thoughts on its Fundamentals Parisa Ghorbannejad1 Abstract Islamic Sufism started in Azerbaijan later than other Islamic regions for some reasons.Early Sufis in this region had been inspired by mysterious beliefs of Zarathustra which played an important role in future path of Sufism in Iran the consequences of which can be seen in illumination theory. This research deals with the reason of the delay in the advent of Sufism in Azerbaijan compared with other regions in a descriptive analytic method. Studies show that the deficiency of conqueror Arabs, loyalty of ethnic people to Iranian religion and the influence of theosophical beliefs such as heart's eye, meeting the right, relation between body and soul and cross evidences in heart had important effects on ideas and thoughts of Azerbaijan's first Sufis such as Ebn-e-Yazdanyar. Investigating Arab victories and conducting case studies on early Sufis' thoughts and ideas, the author attains considerable results via this research. Keywords: Sufism, Azerbaijan, Zarathustra, Ebn-e-Yazdanyar, Islam Introduction Azerbaijan territory2 with its unique geography and history, was the cultural center of Iran for many years in Sasanian era and was very important for Zarathustra religion and Magi class. 1 PhD, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch,WestAzarbayjan, Iran. -
Written Monuments of the Orient
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (Asiatic Museum) WRITTEN MONUMENTS OF THE ORIENT Founded in 2014 Issued biannually 2017 (1) Editors Irina Popova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg (Editor-in-Chief) Svetlana Anikeeva, Vostochnaya Literatura Publisher, Moscow Tatiana Pang, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Elena Tanonova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Published with the support Editorial Board of St. Petersburg State Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst, Turfanforschung, University Alumni Association BBAW, Berlin and Irina and Yuri Vasilyev Michael Friedrich, Universität Hamburg Foundation Yuly Ioannesyan, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Karashima Seishi, Soka University, Tokyo Aliy Kolesnikov, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Alexander Kudelin, Institute of World Literature, RAS, Moscow Karine Marandzhyan, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Nie Hongyin, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, CASS, Beijing Georges-Jean Pinault, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris Stanislav Prozorov, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Rong Xinjiang, Peking University Nicholas Sims-Williams, University of London Takata Tokio, Kyoto University Stephen F. Teiser, Princeton University Hartmut Walravens, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Nataliya Yakhontova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Nauka Peter Zieme, Freie Universität Berlin Vostochnaya Literatura 2017 IN THIS -
Refutations of “Heterodoxy”: Zoroastrians, New Christians, and Muslims Against Manichaeans
Archive of SID Refutations of “Heterodoxy”: Zoroastrians, New Christians, and Muslims against Manichaeans Seyyed Saeed Reza Montazeri 1 Assistant professor, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]. Abstract The controversies and theological debates between different religions have always been an interesting topic for the scholars of religion. These debates were usually carried out in two ways: orally, in a meeting dedicated to these debates, or in writing. One of the religious traditions criticized since its emergence and against which many refutations were written in the early Islamic centuries is “heterodoxy.” Before Islam, this term was applied to Manichaeans; however, after Islam, it came to signify any heretic, atheist, or infidel. This extension of semantic inclusion led the followers of various religions, including Christians, Zoroastrians and Muslims, to work against the heterodox and write refutations to criticize their thoughts and beliefs. This article seeks to study and analyze these refutations. Keywords: refutation, heterodoxy, Manichaeans, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Islam. 1. Introduction Writing refutations has been a traditional method used by theologians and clerics to reject the views of other faith traditions. One of the religions that faced a strong opposition from other religions in the pre- Islamic Iran was Manichaeism. In his famous inscription, Kaʿba-ye Zartusht, Kartir, the influential priest of the Sassanid court, dubs the Religious Inquiries, Volume 8, Number 16, December 2019, pp. 127-140 DOI: 10.22034/ri.2019.100718 Received: 29-07-2019; Accepted: 02-11-2019 www.SID.ir Archive of SID 128 / Religious Inquiries followers of Mani zandīg (heretic) and persecutes them. -
BEITRÄGE ZUR IRANISTIK Gegründet Von Georges Redard, Herausgegeben Von Nicholas Sims-Williams
BEITRÄGE ZUR IRANISTIK Gegründet von Georges Redard, herausgegeben von Nicholas Sims-Williams Band 34 Topics in Iranian Linguistics Herausgegeben von Agnes Korn, Geoffrey Haig, Simin Karimi und Pollet Samvelian WIESBADEN 2011 DR. LUDWIG REICHERT VERLAG Printed with the financial support of Mondes iranien et indien (UMR 7528, CNRS, Paris) Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © 2011 Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag Wiesbaden ISBN: 978-3-89500-826-9 www.reichert-verlag.de Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Speicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier (alterungsbeständig pH7 –, neutral) Printed in Germany Topics in Iranian Linguistics Herausgegeben von Agnes Korn, Geoffrey Haig, Simin Karimi und Pollet Samvelian WIESBADEN 2011 DR. LUDWIG REICHERT VERLAG The Emergence and Development of the Sogdian Perfect Antje Wendtland 1. Introduction A periphrastic perfect formed with a passive participle and the auxiliary have is considered to be one of the constituting features of "Standard Average European", a Sprachbund proposed by some typologists – who argue that European languages (predominantly the Western European languages) share a number of grammatical features not found anywhere else and which have come about through geographical proximity and language contact (cf. Map 1).1 While a have- and a be-perfect are distinguished in the more central languages, a restriction to a have-perfect occurs in the westernmost European area.2 However, the have construction alone is also found e.g. -
Ancient Scripts
The Unicode® Standard Version 13.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2020 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 13.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-26-9 (http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode13.0.0/) 1. -
WHO WROTE the SYRIAC INCANTATION Botryls?
WHO WROTE THE SYRIAC INCANTATION BOTryLS? Hannu Juusola In the classical languages of the Middle East, one often notes a close connection between the use of a particular script and the religious background of tlre writer. For instance, Jews, and only Jews, have used the Jewish script (i.e. Hebrew squafe characters). The late professor Jonas Greenfield states in connection with tlrc Aramaic incantation bowls: Ir has become almost a dogma in this field of research, and lhis writer is also guilty of having believed in it, that the usc of a particutar script - Jewish, Mandaic, Syriac, etc. adhered to a - indicate.d that the sc¡ibe and person for whom the bowl was written particular religion (Greenfield 1973: 150). However, in the very case of the A¡amaic incantation bowls this 'dogma' has been contested by various scholars. The same goes in a lesser degree for the Aramaic amulets, too. In his extensive review article of James Montgomery's Aramaic Incantation Texts from Nippur, J. N. Epstein afgued that several bowl texts written in the Syriac script are in fact Jewish, even though Syriac is normally considered to be the language of Eastem A¡amaic Christians @pstein 1922: 4145)' Later on, for instance Jonas Greenfield has argued that one Mandaic text is 'clearly rhe work of a Jewish scribe' (Greenfield 1973: 154-155)1, and Philippe Gignoux, for his paft, assumes that the scribe(s) of three Syriac amulets, published by him, may have been of Jewish origin (Gignoux 1987: 34), in spite of the fact that rwo of these three texts have the Trinitarian formula 'In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit'. -
Abstracts Electronic Edition
Societas Iranologica Europaea Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the State Hermitage Museum Russian Academy of Sciences Abstracts Electronic Edition Saint-Petersburg 2015 http://ecis8.orientalstudies.ru/ Eighth European Conference of Iranian Studies. Abstracts CONTENTS 1. Abstracts alphabeticized by author(s) 3 A 3 B 12 C 20 D 26 E 28 F 30 G 33 H 40 I 45 J 48 K 50 L 64 M 68 N 84 O 87 P 89 R 95 S 103 T 115 V 120 W 125 Y 126 Z 130 2. Descriptions of special panels 134 3. Grouping according to timeframe, field, geographical region and special panels 138 Old Iranian 138 Middle Iranian 139 Classical Middle Ages 141 Pre-modern and Modern Periods 144 Contemporary Studies 146 Special panels 147 4. List of participants of the conference 150 2 Eighth European Conference of Iranian Studies. Abstracts Javad Abbasi Saint-Petersburg from the Perspective of Iranian Itineraries in 19th century Iran and Russia had critical and challenging relations in 19th century, well known by war, occupation and interfere from Russian side. Meantime 19th century was the era of Iranian’s involvement in European modernism and their curiosity for exploring new world. Consequently many Iranians, as official agents or explorers, traveled to Europe and Russia, including San Petersburg. Writing their itineraries, these travelers left behind a wealthy literature about their observations and considerations. San Petersburg, as the capital city of Russian Empire and also as a desirable station for travelers, was one of the most important destination for these itinerary writers. The focus of present paper is on the descriptions of these travelers about the features of San Petersburg in a comparative perspective. -
Sommer School in the Turfanforschung, 22Nd of August
Summer school in the Turfanforschung August 22 – September 2, 2016 “ogdians and Turks on the “ilk Road The Turfanforschung (Turfan Studies) at the Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities offers in 2016 a summer school providing an introduction to the field of Turfan Studies, which deals with the many languages and scripts used along the Silk Road as well as the histories and cultures of those who used them. The summer school will center around the two main languages of Turfan research. Sogdian, a middle Iranian language, was widely used as a lingua franca in Central Asia since the 1st c. A.C. Old Turkic was the language of Turkic nomads which had a strong influence on the Silk Road since the middle of the 6th c. After the migration of the Uyghurs it was also used as the main language in the Turfan area under Uyghur rule until 14th c. The courses in this summer school will be given by the staff of the Turfanforschung and the Katalogisierung der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland (Arbeitsstelle Berlin): A. Benkato, D. Durkin-Meisterernst, Y. Kasai, S.- Ch. Raschmann, C. Reck, A. Yakup. There will also be guest lectures by I. Colditz, M. Peyrot and L. Sander. Date: August 22 - September 2, 2016 Period: two weeks, four seminars (each 90 min.) in a day Place: in the Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jägerstraße 22-23, 10117 Berlin The participation is free. Topics: 1. Scripts Sogdian script Uyghur script Turkic Runic Nestorian script Manichaean script Brāhmī script 2. Language: Old Turkic language course with reading lecture for linguistics 3.