The Sigla of the Dialects Follow Those of the Languages Either Directly (Lp L = Lule Lappish) Or After a Colon (If Several Dialects Are Mentioned), E.G
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ALEMANA GERMAN, ALEMÁN, ALLEMAND Language
ALEMANA GERMAN, ALEMÁN, ALLEMAND Language family: Indo-European, Germanic, West, High German, German, Middle German, East Middle German. Language codes: ISO 639-1 de ISO 639-2 ger (ISO 639-2/B) deu (ISO 639-2/T) ISO 639-3 Variously: deu – Standard German gmh – Middle High german goh – Old High German gct – Aleman Coloniero bar – Austro-Bavarian cim – Cimbrian geh – Hutterite German kksh – Kölsch nds – Low German sli – Lower Silesian ltz – Luxembourgish vmf – Main-Franconian mhn – Mócheno pfl – Palatinate German pdc – Pennsylvania German pdt – Plautdietsch swg – Swabian German gsw – Swiss German uln – Unserdeutssch sxu – Upper Saxon wae – Walser German wep – Westphalian Glotolog: high1287. Linguasphere: [show] Beste izen batzuk (autoglotonimoa: Deutsch). deutsch alt german, standard [GER]. german, standard [GER] hizk. Alemania; baita AEB, Arabiar Emirerri Batuak, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgika, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brasil, Danimarka, Ekuador, Errumania, Errusia (Europa), Eslovakia, Eslovenia, Estonia, Filipinak, Finlandia, Frantzia, Hegoafrika, Hungaria, Italia, Kanada, Kazakhstan, Kirgizistan, Liechtenstein, Luxenburgo, Moldavia, Namibia, Paraguai, Polonia, Puerto Rico, Suitza, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Txekiar Errepublika, Txile, Ukraina eta Uruguain ere. Dialektoa: erzgebirgisch. Hizkuntza eskualde erlazionatuenak dira Bavarian, Schwäbisch, Allemannisch, Mainfränkisch, Hessisch, Palatinian, Rheinfränkisch, Westfälisch, Saxonian, Thuringian, Brandenburgisch eta Low saxon. Aldaera asko ez dira ulerkorrak beren artean. high -
Tonal Categories in Prosodic Annotation of Dialectal Variation
Tonal categories in prosodic annotation of dialectal variation Frank Kügler University of Cologne / Goethe University of Frankfurt The aim of this talk is to discuss prosodic categories from the point of view of phonological and pre-phonological analysis. The pre-phonological analysis refers to the workshop’s theme of labelling surface intonation contours. I will illustrate the discussion by the annotation of similar intonation contours of two different German dialects. The approach to discover tonal categories in a language variety or in a dialect is similar to the approach to develop the tonal inventory of a hitherto unknown or undescribed language. Different ways of establishing tonal categories have been proposed and have successfully been shown to pin down the phonological oppositions of a tonal grammar: (i) contrasting prosodically minimal pairs which for instance was applied for German dialects [1, 2], (ii) going from phonetic characteristics of F0-contours to tonal categories [1, 3–6], (iii) using perceptual tests to express the functional load of a prosodic or tonal category [7, 8]. The variation in F0-contours between different dialects is hard to grasp unless a phonological analysis contrasts relevant contours. On a pre- phonological level similar contours may misleadingly be described by one and the same tonal label (or category, depending on the level of description). This talk will discuss data from two German dialects (Swabian and Upper Saxon German) analysed in [1]. A rising-falling contour serves for illustration. The rise-fall in Swabian German is phonologically analysed as a rising pitch accent L*H followed by a low tone L, which represents a tonal affix (cf. -
The Image of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia in D.I. Karatanov Creative Work
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Siberian Federal University Digital Repository Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 1 (2015 8) 175-195 ~ ~ ~ УДК 7.041.8 The Image of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia in D.I. Karatanov Creative Work Maia G. Smolina* Siberian Federal University 79 Svobodny, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia Received 15.07.2014, received in revised form 10.10.2014, accepted 01.12.2014 The subject of this article is the reflection of the Siberian indigenous people, the Kets (or so called “the Ostyaks”) in works by D.I. Karatanov. The aim of the research is achieved by analysis of individual features of these works – portraits, landscapes and many-figured scenes of everyday life. In this research were used such methods as structural and semantic analysis of art works, revelation and analysis of main compositional patterns, consideration of immanation and emanation parts of an artistic image. Following the results of the research, work plays the role of a fore-praying to the nature in the life of Kets fishermen. The result can be used in art sphere of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, history and culture of the Siberian Region and in researches dedicated to national and cultural identity. Keywords: Kratanov, Surikov, pictures, the Ostyaks, the Kets, work, fishing, the North, Siberia, Krasnoyarsk, composition, emanation, indigenous peoples, ethnography, expedition. Research area: art history. Introduction Settled facts in Karatanov’s biography make Dmitry Innokentyevich Karatanov the research of his works especially important in (1874-1952) is a famous artist of the the context of anthropology, Siberian ethnography Krasnoyarsk Territory and his role in Siberian and regional history. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Iranian Languages in the Persian Achamenid
ANALYZING INTER-VOLATILITY STRUCTURE TO DETERMINE OPTIMUM HEDGING RATIO FOR THE JET PJAEE, 18 (4) (2021) FUEL The Function of Non- Iranian Languages in the Persian Achamenid Empire Hassan Kohansal Vajargah Assistant professor of the University of Guilan-Rasht -Iran Email: hkohansal7 @ yahoo.com Hassan Kohansal Vajargah: The Function of Non- Iranian Languages in the Persian Achamenid Empire -- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 18(4). ISSN 1567-214x Keywords: The Achamenid Empire, Non-Iranian languages, Aramaic language, Elamite language, Akkedi language, Egyptian language. ABSTRACT In the Achaemenid Empire( 331-559 B.C.)there were different tribes with various cultures. Each of these tribes spoke their own language(s). They mainly included Iranian and non- Iranian languages. The process of changes in the Persian language can be divided into three periods, namely , Ancient , Middle, and Modern Persian. The Iranian languages in ancient times ( from the beginning of of the Achaemenids to the end of the Empire) included :Median,Sekaee,Avestan,and Ancient Persian. At the time of the Achaemenids ,Ancient Persian was the language spoken in Pars state and the South Western part of Iran.Documents show that this language was not used in political and state affairs. The only remnants of this language are the slates and inscriptions of the Achaemenid Kings. These works are carved on stone, mud,silver and golden slates. They can also be found on coins,seals,rings,weights and plates.The written form of this language is exclusively found in inscriptions. In fact ,this language was used to record the great and glorious achivements of the Achaemenid kings. -
Shughni (Edelman & Dodykhudoeva).Pdf
DEMO : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark CHAPTER FOURTEEN B SHUGHNI D. (Joy) I. Edelman and Leila R. Dodykhlldoel'a 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview The Shughni, or Shughnani, ethnic group, ethnonym xuynl, xuynl'tnl, populates the mountain valleys of the We st Pamir. Administratively, the Shughni-speaking area is part of the Mountainous Badakhshan Autonomous Region (Taj ik Viluyali /viukltlori Klihistoni Badakhsholl) of the Republic of Tajikistan, with its major center of Khorog, Taj . Khorugh (370 30/N, 710 3l/E), and of the adjacent Badakhshan Province of Afghanistan. In Tajikistan, the Shughn(an)i live along the right bank of the longitudinal stretch of the river Panj from (Zewar) Dasht in the North to Darmorakht in the south, as well as along the valleys of its eastern tributaries, the Ghund (rlll1d, Taj ik ru nt) and the Shahdara (Xa"tdarii), which meet at Khorog. They also constitute the major population group in the high mountain valley of Baju(w)dara (Bafli (l I>}darii) to the north of Khorog. Small, compact groups are also fo und in central Tajikistan, including Khatlon, Romit, Kofarnikhon, and other regions. In Afghanistan, the Shughn(an)i have also compact settlements, mainly on the left bank of the river Panj in Badakhshan Province. A sizeable Shughn(an)i-speaking com munity is also fo und in Kabul (cf. Nawata 1979) and in Faizabad, the capital of Afghan Badakhshan. Linguistically, the Shughn(an)i language, endonym (xlIyn (I.ln)l, Xll)i/1(lln)J zil'. XUYIUII1 zil'), belongs to the Shughn(an)i-Rushani sub-group of the North Pamir languages. -
Options for a National Culture Symbol of Cameroon: Can the Bamenda Grassfields Traditional Dress Fit?
EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies Abbreviated Key Title: EAS J Humanit Cult Stud ISSN: 2663-0958 (Print) & ISSN: 2663-6743 (Online) Published By East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-2 | Issue-1| Jan-Feb-2020 | DOI: 10.36349/easjhcs.2020.v02i01.003 Research Article Options for a National Culture Symbol of Cameroon: Can the Bamenda Grassfields Traditional Dress Fit? Venantius Kum NGWOH Ph.D* Department of History Faculty of Arts University of Buea, Cameroon Abstract: The national symbols of Cameroon like flag, anthem, coat of arms and seal do not Article History in any way reveal her cultural background because of the political inclination of these signs. Received: 14.01.2020 In global sporting events and gatherings like World Cup and international conferences Accepted: 28.12.2020 respectively, participants who appear in traditional costume usually easily reveal their Published: 17.02.2020 nationalities. The Ghanaian Kente, Kenyan Kitenge, Nigerian Yoruba outfit, Moroccan Journal homepage: Djellaba or Indian Dhoti serve as national cultural insignia of their respective countries. The https://www.easpublisher.com/easjhcs reason why Cameroon is referred in tourist circles as a cultural mosaic is that she harbours numerous strands of culture including indigenous, Gaullist or Francophone and Anglo- Quick Response Code Saxon or Anglophone. Although aspects of indigenous culture, which have been grouped into four spheres, namely Fang-Beti, Grassfields, Sawa and Sudano-Sahelian, are dotted all over the country in multiple ways, Cameroon cannot still boast of a national culture emblem. The purpose of this article is to define the major components of a Cameroonian national culture and further identify which of them can be used as an acceptable domestic cultural device. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Sogdian Letter Fragments in Manichaean Script
ADAM BENKATO TURFANFORSCHUNG, BERLIN-BRANDENBURGISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN SOGDIAN LETTER FRAGMENTS IN MANICHAEAN SCRIPT SUMMARY A number of Sogdian letter fragments are preserved from the Manichaean communities in Turfan. Although the majority are written in the Sogdian script, a small number are written in a cursive variety of the Manichaean script found only in these texts. Their edition and study provides a brief glimpse into the dynamics of the community. Furthermore, the first paleographic analysis of Manichaean cursive is undertaken. Keywords: Manichaeism; Sogdian; epistolary texts; palaeography. RÉSUMÉ Un certain nombre de fragments de lettres en sogdien émanant des communautés mani- chéennes de Turfan ont été conservées jusqu’à nous. Bien que la plupart d’entre eux soient en graphie sogdienne, quelques fragments sont dans une variété cursive de l’écri- ture manichéenne que l’on ne trouve que dans ces textes. L’édition et l’étude de ces frag- ments donne un aperçu des dynamiques de la communauté manichéenne. Au-delà, cet article propose également la première analyse paléographique de l’écriture cursive manichéenne. Mots clés : manichéisme ; sogdien ; textes épistolaires ; paléographie. * * * In addition to the different genres of Manichaean literature in Middle Iranian languages, such as canonical and ritual texts, sermons, and parables, to name but a few, a number of letters in Sogdian are also known to exist. These texts, for the most part fragmentary, seem to have been sent between various locales in the Manichaean communities of Turfan and contain information about contemporary events. There are both official letters, written on scrolls containing illuminations (such as the Bezeklik letters), and “private” letters, seemingly written for more informal business between members of the community. -
Review of Louden, Mark. 2016. Pennsylvania Dutch: the Story of an American Language
Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies Volume 4 Issue 2 Special section: Old Colony Mennonites Article 10 2016 Review of Louden, Mark. 2016. Pennsylvania Dutch: The Story of an American Language. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Pp. 473. Steve Hartman Keiser Follow this and additional works at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/amishstudies Part of the German Language and Literature Commons Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Recommended Citation Keiser, Steve Hartman. 2016. "Review of Louden, Mark. 2016. Pennsylvania Dutch: The Story of an American Language. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Pp. 473." Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 4(2):222-27. This Book Reviews is brought to you for free and open access by IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 222 Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 4(2) helpfully peaceful role, during the formation of the EPMC, of such bishops as David Thomas and Raymond Charles of the Lancaster Conference, and Homer Bomberger and Isaac Sensenig among those withdrawing. (3) There is due recognition of and appreciation for the remarkableness of the Lancaster Conference’s “amiable” -
Written Monuments of the Orient
RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (Asiatic Museum) WRITTEN MONUMENTS OF THE ORIENT Founded in 2014 Issued biannually 2017 (1) Editors Irina Popova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg (Editor-in-Chief) Svetlana Anikeeva, Vostochnaya Literatura Publisher, Moscow Tatiana Pang, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Elena Tanonova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Published with the support Editorial Board of St. Petersburg State Desmond Durkin-Meisterernst, Turfanforschung, University Alumni Association BBAW, Berlin and Irina and Yuri Vasilyev Michael Friedrich, Universität Hamburg Foundation Yuly Ioannesyan, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Karashima Seishi, Soka University, Tokyo Aliy Kolesnikov, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Alexander Kudelin, Institute of World Literature, RAS, Moscow Karine Marandzhyan, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Nie Hongyin, Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, CASS, Beijing Georges-Jean Pinault, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris Stanislav Prozorov, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Rong Xinjiang, Peking University Nicholas Sims-Williams, University of London Takata Tokio, Kyoto University Stephen F. Teiser, Princeton University Hartmut Walravens, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Nataliya Yakhontova, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, RAS, St. Petersburg Nauka Peter Zieme, Freie Universität Berlin Vostochnaya Literatura 2017 IN THIS -
•Chadic Classification Master
Paul Newman 2013 ò ê ž ŋ The Chadic Language Family: ɮ Classification and Name Index ɓ ō ƙ Electronic Publication © Paul Newman This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License CC BY-NC Mega-Chad Research Network / Réseau Méga-Tchad http://lah.soas.ac.uk/projects/megachad/misc.html http://lah.soas.ac.uk/projects/megachad/divers.html The Chadic Language Family: Classification and Name Index Paul Newman I. CHADIC LANGUAGE CLASSIFICATION Chadic, which is a constituent member of the Afroasiatic phylum, is a family of approximately 170 languages spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger. The classification presented here is based on the one published some twenty-five years ago in my Nominal and Verbal Plurality in Chadic, pp. 1–5 (Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1990). This current paper contains corrections and updates reflecting the considerable amount of empirical research on Chadic languages done since that time. The structure of the classification is as follows. Within Chadic the first division is into four coordinate branches, indicated by Roman numerals: I. West Chadic Branch (W-C); II. Biu-Mandara Branch (B-M), also commonly referred to as Central Chadic; III. East Chadic Branch (E-C); and IV. Masa Branch (M-S). Below the branches are unnamed sub-branches, indicated by capital letters: A, B, C. At the next level are named groups, indicated by Arabic numerals: 1, 2.... With some, but not all, groups, subgroups are distinguished, these being indicated by lower case letters: a, b…. Thus Miya, for example, is classified as I.B.2.a, which is to say that it belongs to West Chadic (I), to the B sub-branch of West Chadic, to the Warji group (2), and to the (a) subgroup within that group, which consists of Warji, Diri, etc., whereas Daba, for example, is classified as II.A.7, that is, it belongs to Biu-Mandara (II), to the A sub-branch of Biu-Mandara, and within Biu-Mandara to the Daba group (7).