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Process of Making – Waste Into Wealth – Dry Flower Accepted : 15.11.2014 Technology

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Process of Making – Waste Into Wealth – Dry Flower Accepted : 15.11.2014 Technology THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AJH Volume 9 | Issue 2 | Dec., 2014 | 466-483 Visit us -www.researchjournal.co.in eISSN- 0976-724X A REVIEW DOI : 10.15740/HAS/TAJH/9.2/466-483 Article history : Received : 14.02.2013 Process of making – waste into wealth – dry flower Accepted : 15.11.2014 technology A. SANKARI AND M. ANAND1 Members of the Research Forum ABSTRACT : The growth of the niche market for arrangement has spawned a new industry in the floral Associated Authors: handicrafts “the dry flowers”. Presently this industry has become the fertile area and the mainstay for 1 Horticultural Research Station commercial exploitation. Drying flowers is an exotic physical process with the unique ability to preserve (T.N.A.U.), Yercaud, SALEM DT. (T.N.) INDIA a life appearance and colour in beautiful blooms. Dried produce is sent to the processing units, which generally entail three treatments such as Drying, Bleaching and Dyeing. The techniques applied by dried flower processors are varied. Sometimes can be simply air dried while others must be treated with glycerine to prevent brittleness after drying. Freeze drying is now in vogue, being the latest state of art. Sulphur gas is used to fix the colour in some sp and many products are bleached and dyed according to the preferences (Anonymous, 1997). This paper is a step towards standardizing techniques Author for correspondence : of drying, bleaching and dyeing of dry flowers. A. SANKARI Horticultural Research Station KEY WORDS : Dry flowers, Drying methods, Bleaching and dyeing (T.N.A.U.), Yercaud, SALEM DT. (T.N.) INDIA HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE : Sankari, A. and Anand, M. (2014). Process of making–waste into wealth–dry flower Email : [email protected] technology. Asian J. Hort., 9(2) : 466-483. rying and preserving flowers and plant materials is and short lived as well as available only during a particular a form of artistic expression that was very popular season. Dried flower products on the other hand are long Dduring the Victorian age and has once again gained lasting and retain their aesthetic value irrespective of the popularity. Dried or dehydrated flowers or plant parts or season (Malcolm, 1994). The art of flower drying is a very botanicals (roots, leaves, stem, bark or whole plant) can be age old practice. Earlier dried flowers were in practice in used for ornamental purpose. the form of herbarium made by botanists for the purpose of Flowers have always remained an integral part of man’s identification of various species (Prasad et al., 1997). In ‘The life and love for natural flowers is an inherit instinct. Dried Florist’ published in 1860, author describes the techniques flowers and other plant parts is a rupees hundred crore of drying red rose, pansies, stock and other single flowers in industry in India and such dry decorative materials are sand. Though drying of flower was well known even in the globally accepted as naturals, eco-friendly, long lasting and past but for the first time the flowers were dried commercially inexpensive. India is one of the major exporter of dry flowers in Germany. Dried and preserved ornamental products offer to the tune of 5 per cent world trade in dry flowers. This a wide range of qualities like novelty, longevity, aesthetic Industry shows a growth rate of 15 per cent annually. Pot properties, flexibility and year round availability (Joyce, pouri is major segment of dry flower industry valued at rupees 1998). Dried ornamental plant parts are generally less 55 crores in India alone. Easy availability of products from expensive and are sought for their ever lasting and attractive forest, possibility of man power available for labour intensive appearance (Smith, 2000). Only few research and craft man kind and availability of wide range of products development projects have been under taken on the dried throughout the year are the reasons for the development of flower industry across the globe in contrast to other areas of dry flower industry in India. These industry provides direct floriculture (Joyce, 1998). Numerous workers have described employment to around 15,000 persons and indirect varied approaches / methods to dehydrate or dry flowers and employment to around 60,000 persons. other ornamental plant parts (Dubois and Joyce, 1989; Fresh flowers though quite attractive, are very expensive Westland, 1995). Drying of flowers and foliage by various HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE SANKARI A. AND M. ANAND methods like air drying, sun drying, oven and microwave from India during 2002 to 2007 grew from Rs. 266 crore oven drying, freeze drying and embedded drying can be used during 2002 to 2003 to Rs. 302 crore during 2003 to 2004 for making decorative floral crafts items like cards, floral and Rs. 273 crore during 2004 to 2005 to achieve a growth segments, wall hangings landscapes, calendars, potpouris rate of 2.66 per cent (Singh, 2009). The Indian export basket etc for various purposes (Bhalla and Sharma, 2002) with comprises of 11171 per cent of dry flowers which are exported potpourris is being the major segment of drying flower to US, Europe, Japan, Australia, Far East and Russia. Dry industry valuing at Rs. 55 crore in India alone (Murugan et flower constitute more than two-thirds of floriculture exports. al., 2007). Dried flowers are a good stand by for the florists, The demand for dry flowers is increasing at an impressive since designs can be made up during the slack periods and rate of 8-10 per cent annually thus offering a lot of arrangements can be displayed were fresh flowers are opportunities for the Indian entrepreneurs to enter in the unsuitable from the growers point of view and the price is global floricultural trade (Singh, 2009). The range of dried less than for equivalent fresh flowers (Salinger, 1987). The flowers and other attractive plant parts is quite extensive, demand for dry flowers and attractive plant parts, dried floral namely stems, roots, shoots, buds, flowers, inflorescences, arrangements and floral crafts has increased manifold during fruits, fruiting shoots, cones, seeds, foliage, bracts, thorns, the last decade. In the recent floriculture trade, the exports barks, lichens, fleshy fungi, mosses, sellaginellas etc. (Desh Table 1 : Plant species suitable for preservation of foliage Methods Botanical name Common name Air drying Microwave oven drying Glycerine drying Press drying Skeletonising Adiantum assimile Maiden hair fern X X Agave Americana Century plant X X X X Alpinia sp Shell ginger X Anthurium andreanum Anthurium X Aralia filcifolia Aralia X X X Araucaria excels Monkey puzzle tree X Artemisia martini Dhavana X X X Asclepias Milk weed X X Aspidistra Cast iron plant X X Bambusa Bamboo X X Berberis Barbery X X Butea monosperma Flame of forest X Buxus sempervirens Box foliage X X X Caladium Caladium X Casuarina Australian pine X Callistemon lanceolatus Bottlebrush X X Centella asiatica Asiatic pennywort X Cyperus Papyrus X X Cycas revoluta Sago palm X X Draceana sanderiana Draceana X Ficus religiosa Peepul X Grevilea robusta Silver oak X Hedera helix English ivy X X X Monstera deliciosa Monstera X Nephrolepis sp Ferns X Nerium oleander Oleander X X Philodendron bipennifolium Philodendron X Scindapsus aureus Money plant X Selasingella sp Club moss X Scheflera arboricola Umbrella tree X X Thuja orientalis Thuja X X X (Geetha et al., 2004) Asian J. Hort., 9(2) Dec., 2014 : 466-483 467 Hind Agricultural Research and Training Institute PROCESS OF MAKING – WASTE INTO WEALTH – DRY FLOWER TECHNOLOGY Raj, 2001). A number of flowers respond well to drying like ferns, aspidistra, eucalyptus, ivy, laurel, magnolia and techniques such as anemone, zinnia, allium, sweetwilliam, mahonia etc. (Rogers, 1967; Healy, 1986). Kashyap et al. carnation, stock, freesia, narcissus, chrysanthemum, pansy, (2007) have enlisted many wild as well as cultivated flowers daffodils,marigold, rose, lilies etc. (Rogers, 1988) and foliage and foliage which can be used for dry flower making. Table 2 : Commercial flower /foliage plant species suitable for dry flower and plant production Botanical name Common name Family Parts used Anthemis nobilis Common chamomile Asteraceae Flower Anthurium andreanum Anthurium Araceae Flower Aster amellus Michaelmas daisy Asteraceae Inflorescence Bougainvillea sp Bougainvilla Nyctaginaceae Flower Calendula officinalis Pot marigold Asteraceae Flower Calistephus chinensis China aster Asteraceae Flower Celosia argentina Cocks comb Amaranthaceae Flower Delphinium ajacis Larkspur Raunculaceae Inflorescence Dendrathema grandiflora Chrysanthemum Asteraceae Flower Dendrobium sp Dendrobium Orchidaceae Flower Dianthus caryophyllus Carnation Caryophyllaceae Flower Gailardia pulchella Blanket flower Asteraceae Flower Gerbera jamesonii Gerbera Asteraceae Flower Gompherena globosa Globe amaranth Amaranthaceae Flower Gypsophila elegans Babys breath Caryophyllaceae Flower Helianthus annus Sunflower Asteraceae Flower Helichrysum bracteatum Straw flower Asteraceae Flower Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea Saxifragaceae Flower Ixora chinensis var. rosea Ixora Rubiaceae Flower Ixora singaporensis Ixora Rubiaceae Flower Limonium latifoium Sea lavender Plumbaginaceae inflorescence Limonium sinutum Statice plumbaginaceade inflorescence Pimpinella monoica Ladys lace umbelliferae inflorecence Rosa sp Rose Rosaceae Hips, flowers, buds Solidago Canadensis Golden rod Asteraceae Flowers Tagetes erecta African marigold Asteraceae Flower Tagetes patula French marigold Asteraceae Flower Zinnia elegans Zinnia Asteraceae
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