Taxonomic Appendix

Inevitably during the course of this study which in• 3 paratypes in National Museums of Kenya, Nairo• volved the revisionary examination of some hun• bi, further paratypes in author's collection. dreds of species, new species, new synonyms and Remarks. This is the largest Melanagromyza known new combinations have been discovered. In addi• in Africa, with M. seneciocaulis Spencer (1960a), tion, lectotypes have been designated, an incorrect a stem-feeder in S. ruderalis in South Africa original spelling has been emended and the status of being marginally smaller. M. compositana Spencer species in three genera has been discussed. It seems (1959), which is widespread in the Nairobi area is appropriate to include all this taxonomic informa• generally similar but also smaller, and more green• tion here, rather than scattered through the main ish. M. heatoni doubtless also feeds on other high text. altitude Senecio species among the 85 known in East Africa. I have pleasure in dedicating this fine species to 1. New species my friend Tom Heaton, who organised and provid• ed transport for the safari to the Aberdares. 1 a. Two new Melanagromyza species On re-checking European specimens identified as During a visit to Kenya in February, 1988, I ob• M. dettmeri Hering (Spencer, 1966b) reared from a tained a series of a large Melanagromyza on Senecio number of different hosts, particularly those from moorei in the Aberdares National Park, which Crepis and Hieracium (tribe Lactuceae), I dis• proved to be undescribed. covered that these and others represent an unde• scribed species, close to but clearly distinct from Melanagromyza heatoni sp.n. M. dettmeri. (Figs. 1119,1120) Melanagromyza oligophaga sp.n. Exceptionally large, coppery-greenish species. (Figs. 967, 968) Head. Frons not or at most narrowly projecting above eye; orbits pronounced, with 2 upper orbital Adult virtually indistinguishable from M. dettmeri, bristles (ors), normally 2 lower (ori), orbital setulae with following essential characters: frons not pro• in 2 rows, those nearest eye margin reclinate, inner jecting above eye, orbital setulae in 2 rows, those proclinate; frontal triangle narrow, only moderately nearest eye margin reclinate, inner row proclinate; shining; eye in male with patch of strong hairs at eye with distinct pilosity in both male and female; level of ors, in female eye distinctly but more sparse• mesonotum normally faintly greenish; squamae ly pilose; arista long, bare. pale, margin pale brown, fringe whitish to ochrous; Wing. Length in male 3.1, in female 3.6 mm, inner wing length normally about 3 mm. Male genitalia as cross-vein near centre of discal cell. in Figs. 967, 968. Colour. Head black, mesonotum and abdomen pre• Hosts. Crepis biennis, Hieracium umbellatum, Picris dominantly coppery but sometimes faintly green• hieracioides; Achillea millefolium, Artemisia vul• ish; squamae whitish, margin pale brown, fringe garis. Larval posterior spiracles on 2 adjoining silvery. plates, with a strong central horn surrounded by an Male genitalia. Aedeagus as in Figs. 1119, 1120. ellipse of 15 pale pores. Host. Senecio moorei, larva boring in stem (empty Holotype 0, German Democratic Republic, puparium found). Miihlhausen, Thuringia, emerged (forced) Feb. Holotype 0, Kenya, Aberdares N.P., near Fishing 1932; ex Crepis biennis; paratypes: 11 °and Q, Lodge, W. of Nyeri, roadside from Kinaini Bridge to same locality; 1 Q, near Meissen, spring, 1966, ex Elephant Bridge, 2100-2500 m, 11.ii.88; paratypes: Hieracium umbellatum (all leg. H. Buhr); Thuringia, 9 Q, same data, all on Senecio moorei. Holotype and Miihlhausen,l Q, 1929, ex Picris hieracioides; Eng- New species 395 land, Surrey, 1 d, 1 Q, ex same host, 1950; 1 d, ex Holotype d, Kenya, Nairobi, at Westlands Shop• Achillea millefolium, 23 v. 50; 1 d, ex Artemisia vul• ping Centre, 15.i.87; paratypes: 4 d, 1 Q, same data, garis, 1950 (all M. Niblett); Betchworth, Surrey, 1 all reared ex Crotalaria agatiflora (J.M. Ritchie). d, 4 Q, ex same host, emerged spring 1958 from Holotype and 2 paratypes in National Museums of puparia collected Sept., 1957 (K.A. Spencer). Holo• Kenya, 3 paratypes in author's collection. type and paratypes in B.M. (Nat. Hist.), further para• Remarks. Ten species are known in Africa with the types in author's collection. squamae and fringe pale but none have known Remarks. M. oligophaga runs to M. dettmeri in the hosts. 0. crotalariella is readily distinguishable from author's (1966b) key to European Melanagromyza others in the group by the lack of a vibrissal fasci• species and most of the type specimens were dis• culus and the very narrow facial keel. This is a par• cussed as M. dettmeri in that paper. At that time the ticularly interesting species, being the only one significance of minor differences in the genitalia known to feed in twigs of a tree. were not fully appreciated but the variation was commented on. The differences in the genitalia be• 1c. Two new Tropicomyia species from Kenya tween M. dettmeri (Fig. 938) and M. oligophaga (Fig. 967) are particularly striking in side view. Tropicomyia eulophiae sp.n. The host of M. dettmeri must now be restricted to (Figs. 1276, 1277) Centaurea jacea and the species is only known in Adult. Generally resembling T. flacourtiae (type of Denmark. With hosts of M. oligophaga known in the the genus), with following essential characters: en• tribes Lactuceae and Anthemideae, it is possible tirely black, small but somewhat larger than T. fla• and even probable that the species has an even courtiae, wing length from 1.9-2.25 mm; costa wider host range and it is hoped that this will be es• ending at vein R4 + 5, inner cross-vein well beyond tablished in due course by further collecting. centre of discal cell; mesonotum deep black, moder• A female from East Germany, Jena, Leutra Tal, ately shining from rear. spring, 1966 ex Inula sp. (leg. Buhr) possibly repre• Male genitalia. Aedeagus as in Figs. 1276, 1277, sents M. oligophaga but this specimen is not treated with distinct differences from T. flacourtiae. as a paratype. Host/Biology. Eulophia porphyroglossa (Orchida• ceae), larva forming long, slightly irregular linear 1 b. A new Ophiomyia species from Kenya mine, up to 12 cm in length, distinctly greenish, with finely scattered black frass; the mine appears to be Dr. J. Mark Ritchie, Head of the Department of En• deeper than the epidermal mines normal in this tomology at the National Museums of Kenya, Nai• genus; pupation in leaf, with stalked anterior spir• robi noticed that terminal twigs of the small tree acles projecting through the epidermis, posterior Crotalaria agatiflora were withering and dying and spiracles on a short, stout central projection, with 3 discovered that this was due to mining by agromyzid pores at each side. larvae. Six specimens (unfortunately now in poor Holotype d, Kenya, Western Highlands, Kapsa• condition) were reared and I have identified the spe• bet, 19 .x. 71 ex leaf mine on Eulophia porphyro• cies as an undescribed Ophiomyia belonging to the glossa coIl. 18.x.71; paratypes: 4 Q, 3 same data, small group with the squamae and fringe white. 1 emerged 2.xi.71 (all K.A.S.), in BMNH. Remarks. I originally misidentified this species as Ophiomyia crotalariella sp.n. T. flacourtiae despite differences in the mine and (Figs. 502, 503) small differences in the male genitalia. It is now clear Head. Frons not projecting above eye; ocellar that T. eulophiae is distinct, as might be expected on triangle broad above, half length of frons; jowls nar• its unusual host. row, vibrissa strong but fasciculus lacking, antennae Records of mines on Lissochilus horsfalli on Mt. divided by low, narrow keel; third antennal segment Cameroun, West Africa can be accepted as repre• small, round. senting this species (Lissochilus now accepted as Mesonotum. 2 dorso-central bristles. synonym of Eulophia). Wing. Length from 1.6-1.75 mm, costa extending weakly to vein M1 + 2, last and penultimate sections Tropicomyia gloriosae sp.n. of vein M3 + 4 equal. (Figs. 1251, 1252) Colour. Entirely black, apart from silvery-white Adult. Essentially as in T. eulophiae but smaller, squamae and fringe. wing length 1.75 mm. Male genitalia. Aedeagus as in Male genitalia. Aedeagus as in Figs. 502, 503. Figs. 1251, 1252, unusually small (same scale as Host. Crotalaria agatiflora, a single larva forming an T. eulophiae, Figs. 1276, 1277). external mine in a terminal twig, pupating beneath the epidermis, puparium black. 396 Taxonomic Appendix

Host/Biology. Gloriosa superba (Liliaceae), details Male genitalia. Aedeagus as in Figs. 683, 684. of leaf mine not recorded. Host. Gentiana excisa, larva initially forming linear Holotype d, Kenya, Nairobi, Arboretum, ex mine which then develops into a large blotch. Pupa• Gloriosa sp., 28.iii.84 (B. Tengecho), in National tion in mine. Museums of Kenya, Nairobi but temporarily re• Holotype d, Switzerland, 'bei Lenzerheide', tained in BMNH. 22.vii.27 (No. 3226a), ex Gentiana excisa (leg. W. Remarks. A mine with larva of this species was also Hopp) in BMNH. found on Gloriosa superba in the Shimba Hills Re• Remarks. The background of this species is dis• serve at the coast, 2 km from Kivunoni gate, 6.viii.84 cussed above. Hering's confusion over the status of (M. Ritchie and B. Tengecho). this species and its misidentification as 'Napomyza Gloriosa superba is native in East Africa and it is gentii' is in part explained by the fact that a second not surprising to find that it has its own specific leaf specimen, a female, reared by Hopp does have the miner. As an introduction in northern India, the spe• outer cross-vein, is larger and obviously represents cies attacking Gloriosa proved to be the poly• the species described by Hendel as 'Napomyza gen• phagous Tropicomyia atomella. tianella'. No mines collected by Hopp have been preserved in Hering's mine collection. The genitalia of Chr. hoppiella (Figs. 683, 684) 1 d. Three new Chromatomyia species indicate close relationship with Chr. gentianae (Figs. on Gentianaceae 674,675) but the adults are readily distinguishable There has been some confusion over species reared by the more yellow abdomen in Chr. gentianae. from Gentiana, Blackstonia and Centaurium. Hendel (1920: 150) described one species as Napo• Chromatomyia blackstoniae sp.n. myza gentii (now in Chromatomyia). This species is (Figs. 669, 670) distinctive, with the frons bright yellow and the Adult. Closely resembling G. hoppiella but smaller, outer cross-vein present. The genitalia are atypical wing length 2.25 mm in male, costal sections 1,3, 4 of the group (Figs. 680, 681) in being largely mem• in ratio 45 : 10 : 12; acrostichals less numerous, in 4 branous. Hering (1928: 553) misidentified this spe• rows; fore-femora distinctly yellow at apex. cies from 2 or more specimens reared from Gen• Male genitalia. Aedeagus as in Figs. 669, 670. tiana excisa near Lenzerheide, Switzerland by W. Host. Blackstonia perfoliata, larvae feeding either in Hopp. Hering at this stage was primarily interested basal rosette or in stem-leaves, particularly those in the differences in the mines of this species from immediately below the flower; mine initially linear, the most widespread species he referred to as Phyto• later developing into irregular blotch, whitish pupar• myza gentianae. I have 2 specimens of this series ium remains in the mine. before me. The female represents the species de• Holotype d, Ireland, Co. Clare, Murrough, scribed later by Hendel (1932: 310) as Napomyza 28.vi.65 ex mines colI. 16.vi.65; paratype Q, same gentianella. This has the outer cross-vein present as data (leg. G.CD. Griffiths), both in colI. Griffiths, in and Hendel rightly added 'Syn. Chr. gentii Canada. Napom. gentii Hering (1928).' This is a widespread Remarks. This species was misidentified by Griffiths species in the mountains of central Europe. (1968) as Phytomyza gentianae. The two species are The second of the 2 specimens obtained by Hopp distinguishable by the more yellow abdomen in Chr. is a male and this lacks the outer cross-vein. The gentianae. Surprisingly, the male genitalia are of en• male genitalia show this to represent an undescribed tirely different form from Chr. gentianae and other species. related species and do not conform to Griffiths' Specimens reared from Blackstonia and Cen• (1974a) re-definition of the genus Chromatomyia taurium and incorrectly identified as Chromatomyia based on male genitalia. However, the adult, type of gentianae have proved to represent 2 further species mine and puparium clearly associate this species and are described below. with the other Gentianaceae feeders and an expand• ed definition of Chromatomyia is discussed below, Chromatomyia hoppiella sp.n. to accommodate this species and the fern feeders (Figs. 683, 684) previously included in Phytomyza. Adult. Closely resembling Chr. gentianae Hendel I found mines on Blackstonia in the West of Eng• (1920; 1932), with following essential characters: land at Kilcot, Glos., l1.viii.58 and I have also seen frons uniformly brownish, orbits slightly paler; mines from northern France (leg. H. Buhr). Chr. acrostichals in some 6 rows; legs entirely black; ab• blackstoniae is thus probably widely distributed domen uniformly black; wing length 2.7 mm in male, with its host plant. costal sections 2, 3, 4 in ratio 5.5: 1.4: 1.5. New speci~ 397

Chromatomyia centaurii sp.n. but almost certainly with 3 strong, post-sutural (Figs. 671, 672) dorso-centrals. Adult. Closely resembling Chr. blackstoniae, identi• Wing. Length in male 2 mm; costa ending at vein R4 cal in size and wing venation; frons possibly paler + 5, costal sections 2, 3, 4 in ratio 3 : 1.5 : 1.2; lower brown above, more blackish below; all femora faint• cross-vein slightly basad of upper. ly yellow distally; front tergites distinctly yellow C~l~ur. Black, frons mat, mesonotum distinctly laterally. shmmg; squamae grey, margin and fringe black; Male genitalia. Aedeagus as in Figs. 671, 672. halteres brown. Host. Centaurium erythraea (= C. umbellatum Male genitalia. Aedeagus as in Figs. 809, 810; sperm auctt., C. minus auctt.). Larval mine linear in first in• pump exceptionally large, fan-shaped, largely dark• brown but with broad paler band apically; base with star, later developing into a blotch which is frequent• squarish 'wings'. ly at base of leaf; white puparium remains in mine. Host. larva forming narrow Holotype d, England, Scratch Wood, Mddx., lusticia diclipteroides, emerged 17.vii.58 from mines colI. 4.vii.58; para• linear mine initially (then eaten by bird or ant), probably continuing to develop a blotch mine. types: 1 d, 5 Q, emerged 18-29.vii.58 (all E.M. Holotype d, Kenya, Langata, W. Nairobi, in Hering); Box Hill, Surrey, 1 Q, 14.ix.54 ex mine on A.F.E.W. Nature Reserve, near 'Giraffe Centre' same host colI. 15.viii.54 (K.A.S.); 1 Q, 28.viii.54, ex same host colI. 8.viii.54 (G.CD. Griffiths); German 6.ii.88, in National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi bu~ Democratic Republic, Miihlhausen, Thiiringen, 1 d, retained on extended loan at BMNH. 28.viii.65, ex same host (H. Buhr). Holotype and Remarks. The only other African species with dark paratypes in BMNH, 1 paratype in colI. Griffiths. I halteres is Ps. hypoestis Spencer (1961b), known in also collected mines at Ham Street, Kent in southern ~thiop~a and South Africa but it has the wing dis• England, 11.vii.54. tmctly mfuscated, and the venation differs, with the Remarks. Externally this species closely resembles costal sections in ratio 2.8 : 1.1 : 1.4 (Ethiopia) and 2.5 : 0.9: 1.3 (South Africa). The genitalia of the two both Chr. blackstoniae and Chr. gentianae. How• ever the genitalia indicate close relationship with species are entirely distinct (see Figs. 806, 809). Chr. gentianae (Figs. 674, 675), the aedeagus ofthe two differing only in detail. It remains to be estab• lished whether the distribution of the two species 2. New synonymies overlaps, with all confirmed records of Chr. gen• tianae so far from the mountains of central Europe. During the course of this study, 23 new synonyms It also remains to be confirmed with further collect• have been discovered. These have been referred to in the main text but for convenience are formally es• ing that Chr. blackstoniae and Chr. centaurii are ex• clusively associated with Blackstonia and Centaur• tablished together here. ium respectively, as suggested on present evidence. Melanagromyza cleomae Spencer (1961 b)

1 e. A new Pseudonapomyza species Melanagromyza austriraphani Sasakawa, from Kenya 1981a: 4, syn. nov. Sweeping plants of lusticia diclipteroides at Langata, Melanagromyza cleomae was described from Cle• near Nairobi on which I found an immature mine I ome (Capparaceae) and is also known on Brassica. obtained a single male Pseudonapomyza which 'is M. ~ustriraphani was also described from Bangkok, described below. ThaIland from Brassica ('red radish, cabbage?'). Sasakawa's illustrations of the genitalia of M. austrir• Pseudonapomyza justiciae sp.n. aphani confirm that this is identical with M. cleo• (Figs. 809, 810) mae (Figs. 308, 309). Head. Orbits with 2 strong, equal reclinate upper or• Melanagromyza minimoides Spencer (1966f) bitals, 2 weaker, inclined lower orbitals; orbital setu• lae sparse, reclinate; ocellar triangle not differenti• Melanagromyza radicicola Steyskal, 1981: 40, ated beyond foremost ocellus; jowls slightly ex• syn. nov. tended at rear, in centre one-sixth vertical height of The unique holotype of M. radicicola was presumed eye; third antennal segment round, with fringe of to have been reared from roots of Urtica sp. and was short pubescence; arista long, equal to height of eye found dead in a rearing container. No puparium distinctly pubescent. ' from which it might have emerged could be located. Mesonotum. Damaged, chaetotaxy not detectable, Earlier, specimens of M. minimoides had been 398 Taxonomic Appendix reared in the same container from Heliopsis and Cerodontha (Poemyza) oryzivora (Spencer, 1967c) Rudbeckia. This problematic species was discussed Cerodontha (Poemyza) flaviorbitalis Spencer, by Spencer and Steyskal (1986: 246) and it was my 1975: 212, syn. nov. opinion at the time that M. radicicola merely repre• sented M. minimoides and some confusion in rear• Cerodontha (Poemyza) oryzivora was described from ing records led to the assumption that the host was Malaysia and flaviorbitalis from Sri Lanka. The ge• Urtica. I am now convinced that M. radicicola is nitalia of the two species are identical (d. Figs. identical with M. minimoides and this new synony• 1394, 1395). my is now formally established. Liriomyza betae (Coquillett, 1900) Tropicomyia theae (Cotes, 1896) Haplomyza chenopodii Watt (1924: 683), Tropicomyia coffeae (Koningsberger, 1897: 25), syn. nov. syn. nov. Haplomyza imitans Malloch, 1934: 1, syn. nov. (synonymy of with established There has been confusion about the status of these imitans chenopodii by Spencer (1963d: 333) two minute, black species and the only significant difference between these and other closely related Phytomyza betae Coquillett was treated as a homo• species lies in the male genitalia. I am now satisfied nym of Phytomyza betae Macquart (1855: 258) by that T theae is a wide-ranging, polyphagous species, Spencer (1977c). However, it has now been accept• described from Sri Lanka, but with its range extend• ed that Macquart's description represents a nomen ing to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea where it is nudum (Spencer and Martinez, 1987) and thus particularly common. The most recent illustrations Coquillett's name betae is valid and has priority over of the male genitalia of T theae (Sri Lanka: Fig. chenopodii Watt. This new synonymy is therefore 260) and coffeae (Papua New Guinea: Fig. 890) now formally established. satisfy me that only a single species is involved. Sasakawa (1977: 252) treated T styricicola Liriomyza pusilla (Meigen, 1830) (Sasakawa, 1954b), with its main distribution in Liriomyza Jasciola (Meigen, 1838: 204) southern Japan, as synonymous with T theae. How• (synonymy established by Spencer (1971b: 173)) ever, I consider the genitalia of T styricicola (Figs. Liriomyza compositella Spencer (1961b: 87), 328, 329) are sufficiently differentiated to be ac• syn. nov. cepted as distinct from T theae (see under Styraca• ceae, Dilleniidae above). The relationship between This species is one of a large group and was con• T atomella (Malloch, 1914), T polyphaga (Spen• sistently misidentified by early workers, including cer, 1961b), T styricicola and T theae needs Hendel (1935) who restricted the name pusilla to further clarification. the species on Hieracium (Lactuceae) which was subsequently described as Liriomyza hieracii J apanagromyza tephrosiae (de Meijere, 1917) Spencer (1971b). The name pusilla was also widely used in the United States but it is now clear that it Japanagromyza badia Spencer (1977c: 111), does not occur there. syn. nov. The species which is found commonly on Bellis in J. tephrosiae was described from Java and is also Europe was identified by Hendel (1935) as Lirio• known in northern India. The distinctive genitalia myza Jasciola Meigen but I established (Spencer, (Fig. 386) are identical with those of 1. badia de• 1971b) that this represents the true pusilla, with scribed from N.S.W., Australia. which Jasciola is synonymous. Additional hosts in Europe are Aster and Solidago (surprisingly though Agromyza nigrescens Hendel (1920) only the introduced S. canadensis is attacked, not the native S. virga urea ). From 1971 therefore the Agromyza nigrescens japonica Tsujita (1951: 53) name pusilla has been restricted to the leaf miner on (= Sasakawa), syn. nov. Aster, Bellis and Solidago in Europe. Agromyza oycoviensis Beiger (1960: 89), Malloch (1914: 314) identified 9 caught speci• syn. nov. mens in Taiwan as Agromyza pusilla. However, I have carefully considered the relationship between Hennig (1941: 173), after comparing the genitalia of the subspecies japonica in Japan and A. oycoviensis a male of this series with a male from Europe (his in Poland with A. nigrescens which is widespread in figs. 21, 22) rightly concluded that the species in western Europe (see above under Geraniaceae) and Taiwan was not identical with the species he had have decided that these two taxa cannot be ade• examined from Europe. Unfortunately it is clear quately separated from typical nigrescens. from his fig. 22 that the European specimen was New synonymies 399 something quite different and one of the complex of Liriomyza xanthocera (Czerny, 1909: 263) grass-feeders. Hennig therefore referred to the pop• Liriomyza crucifericola Hering (1951b: 31), ulation from Taiwan as Liriomyza pusilla Malloch syn. nov. (nec Meigen). In view of this homonymy with Lirio• Liriomyza cisti Spencer (1960c: 377), myza pusilla (Meigen), I renamed the species synonymy with xanthocera established by Spencer L. compositella Spencer (1961b). (1977b: 250) During subsequent collecting in India (New Delhi and Bombay), Sri Lanka, Hong Kong and Thailand, Examination of the male genitalia of L. crucifericola I found this same species on Callistephus, Crasso• for the first time has shown that this species is syn• cephalum, Solidago, Tithonia and Xanthium (not onymous with L. xanthocera (see above under Bras• Gynura, a misidentification of Crassocephalum in sicaceae). Sri Lanka). Sasakawa (1972) recorded L. composi• tella on Bidens and Epaltes in Taiwan and also Chromatomyia platensis (Brethes, 1923) identified caught specimens from Biak Island, Papua Phytomyza winderi Steyskal (1976: 820), New Guinea. I identified caught specimens on Lord syn. nov. Howe Island, Australia (Spencer, 1977c). Hering (1957b) recorded mines of a Liriomyza Chromatomyia platensis is a widespread leaf miner sp. on Xanthium strumarium in Bessarabia, Roma• on several genera of Lamiaceae in Brazil, Argentina nia. I found a very large population on this host at and Chile. It is clear from Steyskal's description and New Delhi in November, 1962, recorded as L. com• genitalia illustrations of Phytomyza winderi from positella (Spencer, 1986b). Xanthium is an intro• Curitiba, Brazil that the species is identical with duced plant of almost cosmopolitan distribution but Chromatomyia platensis. probably of South American origin and it is logical to assume that its leaf miner is a species with an orig• Phytomyza brischkei Hendel (1922) inal population on a native host, such as Bellis in Phytomyza anthyllidis Hering (1954: 128) and Europe. Groschke (1957: 124), syn. nov. Re-examination of the genitalia of specimens Phytomyza vulnerariae Spencer (1957a: 25), reared from Bellis and Solidago in Europe and syn. nov. comparison with those from Crassocephalum and Xanthium in India has convinced me that a single Hering (195 7b), after examining P. anthyllidis and species is involved, with a remarkably wide range, P. vulnerariae, included them both in his key to comparable to but not identical with that of Chro• mines on Anthyllis, considering that P. vulnerariae, matomyia horticola The synonymy of Liriomyza only known mining sepals, must be distinct from the compositella with L. pusilla is therefore formally es• leaf miner, P. anthyllidis. He also misinterpreted tablished herewith. P. anthyllidis, referring to the third antennal seg• ment as round, whereas it is distinctly enlarged, Liriomyza scorzonerae Ryden (1951) slightly concave above and cut away below. I have examined a male of P. brischkei ex Trifolium repens, Liriomyza scariolae Hering (1955: 206), from Berlin and the holotypes of P. anthyllidis and syn. nov. P. vulnerariae, and the distinctive genitalia (Fig. Examination of the male genitalia of the holotype of 447) are identical in the three species. P. anthyllidis L. scariolae from West Germany has shown that this and P. vulnerariae are therefore formally synonym• is identical with L. scorzonerae (Figs. 988, 989) ised with P. brischkei herewith. from S. Sweden and this new synonymy is estab• lished herewith. Phytomyza chaerophylli Kaltenbach (1856) External characters of L. scariolae, with 1 upper Phytomyza sisonis Hering (1943: 58), orbital bristle and 2 lower and the long pubescence syn. nov. of the third antennal segment, also the similar larval mines, suggested that the species was probably iden• Although only a single female is known from Sison, tical with L. scorzonerae even before examination of there is little doubt that P. sisonis merely represents the genitalia. Hering was misled into believing the the common P. chaerophylli and this new synonymy species from the different hosts Scorzonera and is formally established herewith. Lactuca must be distinct, an error he made on several occasions by attaching too much importance to the assumed monophagy of agromyzids. 400 Taxonomic Appendix

Phytomyza flavicornis Fallen (1823) Phytomyza notata Meigen (1830) Phytomyza luteiceps Sehgal (1971b: 368), Phytomyza pseudonotata Hering (1949b: 207), syn. nov. syn. nov. Phytomyza flavicornis was described from Sweden I have examined the male genitalia of the holotype and is now known as a stem-borer in Urtica. Sehgal of Phytomyza pseudonotata and have found that the described P. luteiceps from Alberta and suggested species is identical with P. notata (Fig. 148). that the host is probably Urtica. The genitalia of the Von Tschirnhaus (1981: 32) misidentified two species (Fig. 220) are distinctive and unusual, P. pseudonotata, stating that the aedeagus has 2/3 and I consider they are identical and therefore syn• coils. This refers to P. callianthemi Hering (1944) onymise P. luteiceps with P. flavicornis . (Fig. ISO).

Phytomyza kyffhusana Hering (1928) Phytomyza rapunculi Hendel (1927) Phytomyza gnaphalii Hering (1963: 228), Phytomyza campanulivora Spencer (1971a: 261), syn. nov. syn. nov. Phytomyza tatrica Beiger (1972a: 109), syn. nov. Hering (1928) referred to P. kyffhusana as a blotch miner on Inula and later (1963) described P. gna• The synonymy of P. tatrica with P. campanulivora phalii as a linear miner on Gnaphalium. He also was established by Spencer (1976a: 398). I have cited differences in wing venation between the two now examined the holotype of P. rapunculi and dis• species but I have found these to be illusory. Hering covered that this represents the senior synonym of suggests that it can be assumed that later, differences these two species. will be discovered in the male genitalia between the two species. However, this is not so. I have exam• Phytomyza salviae Hering (1924a) ined the genitalia of the holotype of P. kyffhusana Phytomyza ballotae Hering (1930: 4S6), (Fig. 1033) (Inula hirta), of a paratype of P. gna• syn. nov. phalii, of a specimen from Antennaria (labelled as paratype) and of a specimen I reared from Pulicaria With the outer cross-vein present P. salviae was odora on the French-Italian border. All are identi• described in Napomyza (this vein was considered as cal. a diagnostic character of Napomyza at that time). In The differences in the leaf mines noted by Hering P. ballotae the outer cross-vein is also present (Hen• between P. kyffhusana on Inula and P. gnaphalii on del, 1934: fig. 336) but was overlooked by Hering. Antennaria, Buphthalmum, Filago, Helichrysum and Hendel (1934: 324) transferred the species to Napo• Leontopodium in my opinion merely represent ex• myza and it was included in this genus by Papp treme forms (d. Hering, 1963: fig. Sa of P. gnaphalii (1984). However, it was transferred to Phytomyza and fig. Sb of P. kyffhusana). by Spencer and Martinez (1987: 261). I have examined mines on all known hosts, in• Examination of the male genitalia of a paratype of cluding Pulicaria. Hering's fig. Sb shows conspi• P. salviae (Figs. 776, 777) from Romania and of cuous feeding lines characteristic of a secondary the unique holotype of P. ballotae from southern blotch mine but these are in fact greatly exaggerated U.S.S.R. confirms that they are identical. and are present in the mine illustrated only in 2 Hering received the specimen of P. ballotae from small patches on the left side. None are visible in 4 Prof. Mamonow at Rostov-on-Don, U.S.S.R. but other mines on Inula hirta preserved in Hering's mines on Ballota sent with the specimen included mine collection in the British Museum (Natural His• none which could be ascribable to this species tory). On the other hand feeding lines are present in (Hering, 1924a: 4S7). It would be unexpected for a mine on Buphthalmum salicifolium, Konigssee bei the same species to feed on Salvia and Ballota and it Berchtesgaden, Bavaria, 4-11.viii.SO (Groschke) is thus possible that there was some confusion in the and the form of the mine is intermediate between host plants. However, it can be added that a definite the most narrow mines on Gnaphalium and the error in host was made by Mamonow when report• most blotch-like on Inula. ing Cynoglossum as host of a species described by In view of this, I consider it is unjustified to treat Hering (1930: 44S) as Phytomyza cynoglossi. The the species on the different hosts as distinct and the only mines sent to Hering were referable to Agro• synonymy of Phytomyza gnaphalii with Phytomyza myza abiens (as A. rufipes) and the true identity of kyffhusana is now formally established. P. cynoglossi was established later as P. lappae (host: Arctium lappa) after examination of the holo• type (Spencer and Martinez, 1987: 260). Thus with the unreliability of Mamonow's plant identifications, New combinations 401

I only accept Ballota as host of P. salviae with con• 3b. Ophiomyia blepharidis (Spencer, 1960a), siderable reserve. comb. nov. In the grounds of the Old Citadel at Istanbul I did Melanagromyza blepharidis (Spencer, 1960a: 18). find BaUota nigra with many mines in January, 1960 Holotype a from South Africa in Natal Museum, but these only produced a single female Phytomyza Pietermaritzburg (without the outer cross-vein) and the identity of this species cannot be established. I tentatively identified The genitalia (Figs. 801, 802) and the pupal spir• it as P. abdita Hering (1927b, cf. Spencer, 1977b: acles (Fig. 803) of the unique holotype show that 251) (host: Ajuga) but I now feel this identification this species correctly belongs in Ophiomyia. is doubtful. 3c. Phytoliriomyza robiniae (Valley, 1982), Phytomyza socia Brischke (1880) comb. nov. Phytomyza campanariae Nowakowski (1958: 13), Liriomyza robiniae Valley (1982: 781). syn. nov. Holotype a from Pennsylvania in U.S.N.M., The genitalia of these two species, P. campanariae Washington, D.C. and P. socia (Figs. 66, 67) appear identical. In his Valley described Liriomyza robiniae, a species description Nowakowski considered that it was im• forming blotch mines on Robinia pseudoacacia in probable that Anemone and Pulsatilla would have Pennsylvania, New York, Virginia and West Vir• any agromyzid in common and, while comparing ginia. In the description it was stated that 'the spe• P. campanariae with a number of other species, he cies is anomalous in the genus Liriomyza'. Examina• did not consider P. socia which was not recognised tion of the male genitalia of the holotype satisfies me as distinct until later (Spencer, 1976a). Now that bo• that this species cannot be retained in Liriomyza. At tanists tend to include Pulsatilla within Anemone this stage I am unwilling to erect a monotypic new and as Nowakowski was unaware of P. socia when genus to accommodate it and it is provisionally describing P. campanariae the two can now by syn• transferred to Phytoliriomyza. onymised. This isolated species can be briefly characterised as follows: 3. New combinations Externally resembling Liriomyza, differing in the lack of a fully developed pre-sutural dorso-central bristle (dc); the first and second dc (nearest the scu• Eighteen new combinations are established below, tellum) are normal but these are followed in line by including 7 species transferred from Phytomyza to up to 6 bristles decreasing in size, with normally 3 Napomyza in South Africa, Australia and New Zea• post-sutural and 3 pre-sutural; head with orbits dis• land. tinctly projecting above eye in profile; conspicuous epistoma above mouth-margin; palps expanded dis• 3a. Ophiomyia alternantherae (Spencer, 1963c), tally, paddle-shaped; mesonotum uniformly mat, sil• comb. nov. very-grey; scutellum black at sides but distinctly yel• low centrally; stridulating organ lacking; male geni• Melanagromyza alternantherae Spencer talia: aedeagus, with distiphallus (Figs. 387, 388) (1963c: 307). Holotype a from Argentina weakly pigmented, divided distally; sperm pump in U.S.N.M. minute, black; epandrium with conspicuous rod-like This minute black species, with wing length of 1.75 sclerite attached to wall at midpoint and an addi• mm, is a leaf miner on Alternanthera philoxeroides. tional hooked sclerite at rear; surstyli rounded, with• Although appearing like a small Melanagromyza, it out bristles, at most with a few weak hairs; cerci ap• cannot be retained in this genus, in which the larvae parently lacking. feed in stems or seeds. The genitalia (Figs. 241, 242) The description by Valley includes comments by show that the species is isolated and this is further G. Steyskal referring to 'abundant stridulatory confirmed by the larva, which has 20 or so finger• spicules on the lateral abdominal membrane of the like posterior spiracular pores (Fig. 243). Until this male' and on this evidence the species was assigned group of neotropical leaf miners can be further re• to Liriomyza. However, I cannot confirm the pres• vised and a new genus erected for them, the species ence of the 'file' on the abdomen and the 'scraper' on is provisonally transferred to Ophiomyia. the hind-femora is also lacking. The aedeagus itself Externally 0. alternantherae cannot be distin• is also not consistent with inclusion in Liriomyza. guished from 0. pfaffiae, a leaf miner on Pfaffia ire• I consider that robiniae is a relict and its evolu• sino ides known in Venezuela. tionary affiliations are now obscured. It can best be 402 Taxonomic Appendix interpreted as an offshoot from the primitive genus genitalia or larval feeding (see under Ranunculaceae Phytoliriomyza and therefore pending further study above). and possibly the discovery of further closely related species, it is best placed in Phytoliriomyza.

South Africa 3d. Galiomyza takakoae (Sasakawa, 1954c), comb. nov. 3f. Napomyza eximia (Spencer), comb. nov. Liriomyza takakoae Sasakawa (1954c: 116) from Kyoto, Japan. Holotype d in Entomological Phytomyza eximia Spencer (1964a: 35). Holotype d Laboratory, Saikyo University in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg. This leaf miner on Viola is certainly monophyletic with Galiomyza violiphaga and G. violivora (see 3g. Napomyza renovata (Spencer), comb. nov. Violaceae: Dilleniidae) and is now formally trans• Phytomyza renovata Spencer (1960a: 35). Holotype ferred to Galiomyza. <:;? in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg.

3e. Napomyza bupleuri (Hering, 1963), comb. nov. Australia Phytomyza bupleuri Hering, 1963: 233. Holotype d from DoOR, Thuringia, 3h. Napomyza clematidicolla (Spencer), Leutra-Tal near Jena in British Museum comb. nov. (Natural History) Phytomyza clematidicolla Spencer (1963e: 337; The male genitalia of this species (Figs. 599, 600), 1977c: 225). Holotype d in B.M. (Nat. Hist.). together with a number of other characters indicate that it correctly belongs in Napomyza, to which it is 3i. Napomyza ranunculicaulis (Spencer), now transferred. The enlarged third antennal seg• comb. nov. ment and projecting orbits (Fig. 598), the short sec• ond costal section, the blackish-grey frons and par• Phytomyza ranunculicaulis Spencer (1977c: 230). ticularly the discrete surstyli all suggest Napomyza, Holotype d in Western Australian Museum, Perth. although it is unusual for species in this genus to be leaf miners. However, two confirmed cases are N. bellidis Griffiths (1967b) which mines in the New Zealand midrib of young plants of Bellis perennis, forming true leaf mines as offshoots into the leaf blade, and 3j. Napomyza costata (Harrison), comb. nov. N. lyalli in New Zealand feeds primarily in the stem but also forms leaf mines (Fig. 143). Phytomyza costata Harrison (1959: 315). Holotype I consider it possible or even probable that this d in D.S.I.R., Auckland, N.z. species is derived from an ancestor on the Ranun• culaceae. The genitalia show some resemblance to 3k. Napomyza improvisa (Spencer), comb. nov. N. evanescens (Fig. 128), which feeds in stems of Ranunculus spp. and there is unmistakable similari• Phytomyza improvisa Spencer (1976b: 202). Holo• ty between the adults and in larval characters. In this type d in D.S.I.R., Auckland, N.z. connection it is perhaps relevant that there is a date for Bupleurum-type pollen in Lower Eocene in 3l. Napomyza Iyalli (Spencer), comb. nov. Muller (1981). The transfer to this genus from Ranunculus could therefore have occurred in early Phytomyza lyalli Spencer (1976b: 203). Holotype <:;? Tertiary. in D.S.I.R., Auckland, N.z. This is an interesting further case of colonization of the Apiaceae by ancestral species on the Ranun• Six species are transferred from Phytomyza to culaceae which has already been noted in the Phyto• Chromatomyia. myza angelicae group (Apiaceae). The following 7 species are transferred from Phy• 3m. Chromatomyia clematoides (Spencer), tomyza to Napomyza primarily on the basis of male comb. nov. Phytomyza clematoides Spencer, 1986: 313. HoIo- New combinations 403 type d in California Academy of Sciences, San 3s. Ptochomyza mayeri (Spencer), comb. nov. Francisco. Phytagromyza mayeri Spencer, 1966e: 304. This species was mistakenly described in Phyto• Phytomyza mayeri, L. Suss, 1977: 160. myza, the dorsal sclerites erroneously being con• As Phytomyza czernyi Strobl, 1909 (Hering, 1958: sidered as the distiphallus. The genitalia (Figs. 89, 77). 90) are generally similar to those of Chr. clemati• A third species discovered in stems of Clematis vora (Coquillett, cf. Spencer and Steyskal, 1986). recta together with Phytomyza clematidicaulis and Chr. clematoides is one of the small number of spe• P. novitzkyi by Novitzky near Vienna (Hering, cies in the genus which pupates on the ground, not 1958) has surprisingly proved to belong correctly in in the mine as is normal. the genus Ptochomyza. This puzzling species was originally misidentified 3n. Chromatomyia ciliata (Hendel), comb. nov. by Hering (1958) as Phytomyza czernyi Strobl, then described as Phytagromyza mayeri Spencer (1966e), Phytomyza ciliata Hendel (1935: 375). Holotype d following comparison with the male type of Phyto• from Austria in Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. myza czernyi, and finally transferred to Phytomyza The male genitalia of this species (Fig. 1168), the by L. Suss (1977). internal pupation and the white, 'slipper-shaped' Hering (1967: 32) rediscovered this species on puparium indicate inclusion of this species in Chro• Clematis flammula on the island Hvar, Yugoslavia matomyia. and illustrated the larval spiracles. With only 3 pores The following 4 feeders on ferns are transferred on each posterior spiracular process, the species to Chromatomyia on the basis of the form of their clearly does not belong in Phytomyza and the larval puparia and method of pupation (see discussion characters associate the species with the two Pto• under Chromatomyia below). chomyza species which have been reared from Asparagus, Pt. asparagi Hering and Pt. asparagivora Spencer. The head of Pt. mayeri (Spencer, 1966e: 30. Chromatomyia cheilanthus (Garg), fig. 34) and the wing (L. Suss, 1977: fig. 19) are also comb. nov. typical of Ptochomyza. Suss (1977: fig. 23) also il• Phytomyza cheilanthus Garg (1971: 251) ex Chei/• lustrated the genitalia of a specimen he discovered anthes. Holotype d in Insect Survey of India, Cal• in Italy and a further illustration is given here (Fig. cutta. 93). Phytomyza mayeri is therefore now formally transferred to Ptochomyza herewith. 3p. Chromatomyia dorsata (Hendel), comb. nov. Phytomyza dorsata Hendel (1920: 157) ex Ceterach. 4. New status Holotype d from Ragusa, Yugoslavia in Naturhis• torisches Museum, Vienna. Phytomyza senecionis ssp. ravasternopleuralis Sasakawa (1955b: 19), new status. Griffiths (1972b) raised ssp. ravasternopleuralis 3q. Chromatomyia dryoptericola (Sasakawa), to specific rank following the apparent difference comb. nov. between the aedeagus of typical P. senecionis in Eu• Phytomyza dryoptericola Sasakawa (1961: 446) ex rope and ssp. ravasternopleuralis in Japan. However, Dryopteris. Holotype d formally deposited in Ento• the specimen of P. ravasternopleuralis illustrated by mology Laboratory, Kyoto Prefectural University Griffiths was damaged, thus accounting for the dif• but now mislaid (Sasakawa, pers. comm.). ference he thought he detected. There is in fact no significant difference in the genitalia between the two populations and P. ravasternopleuralis in Japan 3r. Chromatomyia scolopendri is again now treated merely as a subspecies of (Robineau-Desvoidy), comb. nov. P. senecionis (see text above under Senecioneae). Phytomyza scolopendri Robineau-Desvoidy (1851: 402) ex 'Ie scolopendre', types lost. A species transferred to Ptochomyza Hering (1942). 404 Taxonomic Appendix

5. Two lectotype designations 7. Comments on genera

5a. Melanagromyza erythrinae (Meijere) 7a. Hexomyza Enderlein 1936 Melanagromyza erythrinae (Meijere, 1910: 160, as Hexomyza sarothamni (Hendel), Enderlein, 1936a: Agromyza). Lectotype d in Zoologisches Museum, 178; 1936b: 42. Amsterdam. Melanagromyza sarothamni Hendel, 1923: 143. This species has unusual biology and the male Holotype d ex Sarothamnus scoparius, near Vienna, genitalia confirm its isolated position. It belongs to Austria. the large group of greenish species with the squamal Specimens from the galls of this species on Saro• fringe white and is only known in Java, where it is thamnus scoparius have also been reared in England reported as being 'common all over the island'. The and in the Loire Valley, France (Buhr). I reared a larva forms galls on the leaf and petioles of Ery• series of 7 d, 15 Q in April, 1964 from similar galls thrina lithosperma (dadap tree). on Genista aetnensis on Mt. Etna, Sicily. The type series consists of 2 males and 3 females The status of the three popUlations from Austria on the same mount and the best male is herewith and France (Sarothamnus scoparius) and Sicily designated as lectotype and has been so labelled. ( Genista aetnensis) is still not entirely clear. The dis• The genitalia (Figs. 403, 404) differ considerably tiphallus of the holotype is shown in ventral view in from any known Melanagromyza but suggest pos• Fig. 519 and of the entire aedeagus of a specimen sible affinity with the pod-feeder on Cajanus and re• from Sicily in Fig. 520. These are close and prob• lated genera, M. obtusa (Fig. 434). Also the align• ably identical but the variation which can occur is ment of the ventral bladder to the right (in ventral apparent in two males from Sicily in which the ven• view) possibly represents a synapomorphy with the tral bladder is noticeably shorter and rounder in the gall-causer on Lotus in Europe (Fig. 446). It should one previously illustrated (Spencer, 1966b: fig. 64). be noted that the hypandrial apodeme is exceptio• The population which has diverged most from the nally long, only little shorter than the aedeagal apo• type is that on the same host in France, in which the deme. distiphallus is more rectangular and the ventral As a gall-causer, M. erythrinae could be con• bladder larger and narrower (Spencer, 1966b: fig. sidered for inclusion in the gall-causing genus Hexo• 65). It might be justified to treat this population as myza. However, the genitalia give no suggestion that representing a distinct species and a name is pos• it might be monophyletic with other species accept• sibly available, as specimens described in Portugal ed in Hexomyza. from twig galls on Cytisus albus and C. patens as Agromyza kiefferi Tavares (1901) may well be the same. Unfortunately none of the specimens from 5b. Phytomyza thalictri Escher-Kundig Portugal have been preserved. Phytomyza thalictri Escher-Kundig in Rougemont At least it can be suggested that there is incipient (1912: 82) from Switzerland. speciation both geographically (western France and Lectotype d designated herewith. Portugal) and also possibly between the two host genera Sarothamnus and Genista. This question can I have examined the entire type series of this spe• only be further clarified as more reared material be• cies, now in the Entomologisches Institut, Zurich, comes available. Switzerland. Many specimens are in poor condition but the best male has been selected as lectotype and has been so labelled. 7b. Tropicomyia Spencer (1973a) As originally defined by Spencer (1973a: 180), this genus consists of some 20 species which occur 6. Name emendation throughout the Old World tropics from the Cape Verde Islands to islands in the Pacific and northern Valladares (1981) described as Calycomyza breweri Australia. These small, black species are clearly a new species in Argentina, named after her Profes• monophyletic, recognisable by the following combi• sor, Dra. Brewer. The name should have been brew• nation of characters: larval mouth-parts with 'ser• erae and is now so emended. rated' teeth (Fig. 330), leaf mine purely epidermal, anterior spiracles on long stalks, posterior spiracles each with 3 pores at each corner of a distinct pro• tuberance, costa ending at or shortly beyond vein R4 + 5, inner cross-vein close to outer. However, 9 species are known which diverge from Tropicomyia Comments on genera 405 s.s. in 2 or more characters, all but T. clutiae with In view of the intermediate status of T. clutiae the costa extending to vein M1 + 2. I had proposed and T. vigneae, no host known of T. capeneri, only to erect a new genus to accommodate these but on females known of T. dicksoni, T. philocroton and reviewing the species I now feel it is more appro• T. laburnifoliae and the apparently isolated position priate, at least temporarily, to 'lump' them within of T. crotalariae and T. crotonella, it is obviously Tropicomyia. . undesirable to erect a new genus for species which Re-examination of T. clutiae (Spencer, 1963b) are probably not monophyletic. It seems better at has necessitated a slight expansion of the original this stage to leave all these species in an expanded concept of Tropicomyia. While the wing venation, concept of Tropicomyia, until more information be• larval spiracles and genitalia (Figs. 554, 555) are comes available permitting more rational splitting typical of the genus, the larval mouth-parts (Fig. into one or more further genera. 552) each have only 2 large teeth and the leaf mine is upper surface, not epidermal. 7c. Chromatomyia Hardy (1849) T. vigneae (Seguy, 1951) has been accepted in Tropicomyia, although the costa extends to vein Hardy (1949) named as Chromatomyia a group of M1 + 2, the larval mouth-parts (Fig. 431) are slightly species he separated from Phytomyza 'on account of atypical, there is a proliferation of pores on the pos• differences in the pupa state, accompanied by a cor• terior spiracles (Fig. 432), the leaf mine is not ex• responding variation in habit,' with 'slipper-shaped clusively epidermal and the male genitalia diverge pupae, whose transformations take place entirely from the form characteristic of Tropicomyia s.s. within the leaf.' Griffiths (1974a) restricted the con• T. capeneri Hering (1957a) was reared from an un• cept of Chromatomyia on the basis of genitalia stu• identified host in South Africa and was originally dies to 'all those species of Phytomyza s.l. in whose confused and synonymised with T. vigneae (Spen• males the distal section of the ejaculatory duct is cer, 1964: 29) from specimens reared from Vigna in simple (not bifid) and lies below a lobe on the "dor• Senegal. The genitalia of this population are close to sal" (in anteriorly directed rest position) side of the but not identical with those of T. vigneae (Spencer, aedeagus.' Eighty species in 10 families of dicots 1973a: figs. 272, 273) and this synonymy was then (excluding the polyphagous Chr. horticola) and 2 withdrawn. With no host known, T. capeneri need families of monocots fully conform to this definition not be further discussed here, but it is accepted as (cf. Chr. gentianae: Fig. 674; Chr. milii: Fig. 1431). distinct from T. vigneae, particularly in view of the In all but 2 species (Chr. alpigenae and Chr. cha• distinctive leaf mine (Hering, 1957a: fig. 9). maemetabola, both on Lonicera, Caprifoliaceae) the T. ceratiosicyi Hering (1957a), feeding on Cera• puparium remains within the mine (according with tiosicyos in South Africa (Achariaceae: Dilleniidae), Hardy's definition of Chromatomyia), the anterior is unusual in the form of the larval posterior spir• spiracles bending downwards and projecting acles, with each process having an ellipse of 20-25 through the epidermis. pores. With the study of more material than originally Five further little black leaf miners are known in considered by Griffiths, it is apparent that there are Africa which were all described in Melanagromyza problems in the delimitation of Chromatomyia. Two but transferred to Tropicomyia by Spencer (1973a). species which must be included in this genus on the All have the costa extending to vein M1 + 2 but 3 basis of their obvious affinities with other species on are known only from females. T. dicksoni Hering the same host family (Gentianaceae) - Chr. gentii (1957a) was reared from an unknown host in South (Fig. 680) and Chr. blackstoniae (Figs. 669, 670) Africa (possibly Bosquiea sp., Moraceae) and have genitalia which cannot be encompassed within Hering considers the mine to be possibly epidermal. Griffiths' restricted definition. Also I have now In T. philocroton (Hering, 1957a) no mine is pre• transferred the 4 fern feeders, cheilanthus, dorsata, served and no further comment is possible. T. labur• dryoptericola and scolopendri from Phytomyza to nifoliae (Spencer, 1964a) was described from Cro• Chromatomyia (see section 3 above). The identical talaria laburnifolia in Ethiopia. The mine is not epi• form of puparium and method of pupation I saw re• dermal but no larvae are known and the exact status cently in fresh specimens of scolopendri convinced of this species remains uncertain. me that this group should logically be considered as Two further species diverge in most characters monophyletic with the main group of Chromato• from Tropicomyia - T. crotalariae (Hering, 1957a) myia species, despite the differing genitalia (Chr. and T. crotonella (Spencer, 1964a), both from scolopendri, Fig. 30). Ethiopia. It seems clear that these two species are Griffiths (1974a) mentions that 3 other groups - not monophyletic with Tropicomyia s.s. but prob• the Phytomyza robustella group, the P. anemones ably also not even with each other (cf. T. crotalariae, group and the P. ilicis group transform in the same Figs. 507, 508; T. crotonella: Figs. 556, 557). manner as typical Chromatomyia species. Depend- 406 Taxonomic Appendix ing on the weight given in evolutionary terms to However, it should be mentioned here that Chro• male genitalia on the one hand and form of pupar• matomyia Walker (1849, date of publication 8 De• ium and method of pupation on the other, differing cember) formally antedates Chromatomyia Hardy classifications of this whole group of species will be (1849, date of publication December (no date) and arrived at. This must be a matter of more detailed therefore taken as 31 December). However, Walker research in the future and I cannot discuss the pro• himself in his original publication of Chromatomyia blem further here. I can only emphasise that I con• on p. 1162 in a section 'Errata and Addenda' for• sider the generic limits of Chromatomyia are not as mally synonymised Chromatomyia with Lampro• clear-cut as originally defined by Griffiths and my gaster Macquart. The name Chromatomyia Walker inclination now is to revert to Hardy's original con• thus has no validity. cept. Acknowledgements

This study has in large part been based on adult and supplied much unpublished information on his agromyzids and larval leaf mines I personally col• research on the larval feeding of this genus on lected in many parts of the world during the past 25 numerous previously unknown hosts. years. However, I could not have carried out the Assistance with botanical problems was willingly work without frequently consulting the collections given by the staff at the Herbarium, British Museum in the Department of Entomology at the British (Nat. Hist.). It is impossible to thank individually all Museum (Natural History) and I would like to thank the botanists I consulted but I mention particularly the Trustees and staff of the Diptera Section for the Mr. Arthur Chater and Dr. Chris Humphries and facilities provided and the willing help I received. also, at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, myoid Type specimens were also borrowed from the fol• friend Jan Gillett. I would also like to thank Prof. lowing Institutions: J.B. Harborne, (Department of Botany, University of Reading) for an interesting discussion on plant Zoologisches Museum, Berlin, DD.R. chemistry. (Dr. H. Schumann) The librarians of both the Entomology and Bo• Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien tany Libraries at the BM gave me invaluable assis• (Dr. R. Contreras-Lichtenberg) tance during my many visits to London and special Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle thanks are due for their willing help. (Dr. L. Matile) Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam (B. Brugge) I must also thank the Trustees of the Nuffield Istituto di Entomologia Agraria, Milan Foundation for their support from the 'Small Grants Scheme for Research in Science' primarily to cover (Prof. L. Suss) travel expenses from Cornwall to the Natural His• Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg (Dr. J.G.H. Londt) tory Museum, and also the British Entomological Institute of Systematic Zoology, Poznan, Poland Society for a grant from the Professor Hering Me• (Dr. M. Beiger) morial Research Fund towards typing expenses. Entomologisches Institut, Zurich Special thanks are due to David and Diane (Prof. Dr. W. Sauter) Henshaw for checking much of my manuscript and I express my appreciation and thanks to the for preparing on their computer the many Host above colleagues for their efficient cooperation in Tables which form an important part of this book. supplying all loans I requested. Our many discussions in London and on the phone I must also thank Dr. M. von Tschirnhaus (Biele• materially assisted me in completing my work in the feld) and Ing. M. Martinez (INRA, Versailles) for allotted time. advice given in many telephone conversations, and Finally I must thank my wife Ann for finding the particularly Dr. T. Jermy (Budapest) for the encour• time to prepare most of the drawings of genitalia, agement given in many letters and phone calls. which are so significant for proper understanding of Prof. H. Suss (Berlin, DD.R.) kindly met me in Ber• the Agromyzidae. lin for discussions on the important genus Phytobia References

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Sci., Bioi. 26(1978) (10): 687-693. Grasses of the World. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 13, pp. 389. __ 1980a. Paraphytomyza [raxini sp.n. (Diptera, Agromyzi• Collin, J. E., 1911. A new fly of the genus Agromyza from Egypt. dae), a new mining fly from Eastern Bulgaria. Bull. Soc. Amis Bull. Ent. Res. 2(1): 79-80. Sci. Lett. Poznan (D) 20: 145-148. Coquillett, D. W., 1900. Descriptions of two new species of Dip• __ 1980b. Studies on mining insects of the Tatry National tera from Western Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 25: Park. 11. Materials concerning the morphology, taxonomy 389-901. References 409

Costa Lima, A. da, 1950. Agromyzideos (Diptera) do tomateiro the Families of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contribution to e de orquideas. Arq. Inst. Bioi. 20(3): 35-40. Botany 58, Washington, 314 pp. Cotes, E. c., 1896. An account of the insects and mites which Greathead, D. J., 1969. A study in East Africa of the bean flies attack the tea plants in India. Indian Mus. Notes 3(4): 1-74. (Dipt., Agromyzidae) affecting Phaseolus vulgaris and of their Crabbe, J. A., Jermy, A. C. and Mickel, J. T., 1975. A new natural enemies, with the description of a new species of generic sequence for the Pteridophyte Herbarium. Fern Gaz. Melanagromyza Hend. Bull. ent. Res. (1968) 59: 541-561. 11: 141-162. __ 1971. A new species of Melanagromyza Hendel (Dipt., Cronquist, A., 1968. The Evolution and Classification of Flower• Agromyzidae) from pods of the bonavist bean (Dolichos lab• ing Plants. Nelson, London, pp. 396. lab) in Uganda. Bull. ent. Res. 60: 463-465. __ 1981. 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A new subspecies of Agromyza nigrescens Hendel (Diptera, Agromyzidae) that bore in Tomato Stalks in Hendel (Diptera, Agromyzidae). Sci. Bull., Fac. Agric., Kyu• Colombia and Ecuador. l. Wash. Acad. Sci. 62(3): 265-267. shu Univ. 13,53-7. __ 1976. A New Species of Leafmining Fly on Mealycup Sage Tullgren, A and Wahlgren, E., 1920-1922. En orienterande (Diptera: Agromyzidae). U.S.D.A. Coop. Plant Pest Rep. handbok vid studiet om vart hands Insektfaune. Stockholm, 1(43): 820-2. pp.812. __ 1980. Haplopeodes, a New Genus for Haplomyza of Valladares, G., 1981. Contribucion al conocimiento de las espe• Authors (Diptera, Agromyzidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. cias de Calycomyza Hendel (Diptera, Agromyzidae), mina• 82(1): 140-151. doras de hojas en la Republica Argentina. Revta Soc. Ent. Strobl, G., 1909. Neue i:isterreichische Muscidae Acalypterae II. Arg. 40(1-4): 221-9. Wien. ent. Ztg 28: 283-301. __ 1982. Agromyzidae (Diptera) de la Provincia de Cordoba Suss, H., 1979. Durch Protophytobia cupressorum gen. nov., sp. (Argentina). Doctoral Thesis, pp. 1-318. Universidad nacio• nov. (Agromyzidae, Diptera) verursachte Markflecke in nal de Cordoba, Argentina (unpublished). einem Holz von luniperoxylon aus dem Tertiar von Sud-Lim• __ 1984. Una nueva especie de Liriomyza Mik (Diptera, burg (Niederlande) und der Nachweis von Markflecken in Agromyzidae) de la Argentina. Neotropica 30(84): 245-9. einer rezenten Callitris-Art. Feddes Repertorium, Berlin __ 1986a. The genus Ophiomyia Braschnikov (Dipt., Agro• 90(3): 165-172. myzidae) in Argentina. Entomologist's mon. Mag. 122: 111- Suss, H. and Muller-Stoll, W. R, 1975. Durch Palaeophytobia 115. platani n.g., n.sp. (Agromyzidae, Diptera) verursachte Mark• __ 1986. Agromyzidae (Diptera) Neotropicales. Especies del flecken im Holz fossiler Platanen aus dem ungarischen Mio• N.O. Argentina, pp. 1-34 in Annual Report for CONICET, zan: Wiss. Ztschr. Humboldt Univ. Berlin, Math. - Nat. R. Argentina (unpublished). 24(4): 515-519. Valley, K. R, 1982. A new Liriomyza mining leaflets of Black __ 1980. Das fossile Holz Pruninium gummosum Platen Locust (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 84(4): emend. Suss u. Muller-Stoll aus dem Yellowstone National• 781-5. park und sein Parasit Palaeophytobia prunorum sp. nov. nebst Vaughan, J. G., McCleod, A J. and Jones, B. M. G., 1976. Eds. Bemerkungen uber Markflecke. In Vent, W., 100 lahre Arbor• The Biology and Chemistry of the Cruciferae. Academic Press, etum (1879-1979): 343-364. London, 355 pp. Suss, L., 1977-78. Osservazioni su alcuni Agromyzidi poco noti Verdcourt, B., 1958. Remarks on the Classification of the Rubi• o nuovi per l'entomofauna italiana. Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic. aceae. Bull. lard. Bot. Brux. 28: 209-90. Ser.II, 14: 145-164. Walker, F., 1849. List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the __ 1986-87. Liriomyza cyclaminis, nuova specie fillomina• collection of the British Museum (part). 4. pp. 689-1172. trice dei Cyclamen. Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic. Ser. II. 19: 23-29. British Museum, London. __ 1988. Foglie di orzo e petali di gerbera nuovi substrati ali• Watt, M., 1924. The Leaf-mining Insects of New Zealand: con• mentari di Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess). 1nformatore Fitopato• tinued, and Gracilaria selonitis Meyr. (Lepidoptera). Trans. logico 6: 45-47. Proc. N.Z Inst. 55: 674-687. Swain, T. and Cooper-Driver, G., 1973. Biochemical systematics Wenn, c., 1985. Notes on three new stem miners. Entomotaxo• in the Filicopsida, pp. 111-134, in The Phylogeny and classifi• nomia 7(2): 109-113. cation of the ferns, Ed. Jermy, Crabbe and Thomas. Bot. l. Wiesman, R, 1961. Phytomyza lateralis Fal!., ein weinig beach• Linn. Soc. 67, Supp!. 1. teter Mi:ihren- und Karottenschadling. Mitt. ent. Ges. Basel 11: 39-62. References 415

Willis, J. c., 1957. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and (Diptera, Agromyzidae). II. Subgenus Poemyza muscina Ferns. Sixth Edition. Cambridge University Press. group (in Russian). in: Dvukryl fauny SSSR i ikh roe vecosiste• __ 1985. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. makh: 45-52, Leningrad. Eighth Edition. Cambridge University Press. __ 1984b. New Species of Selachops Wahlberg and Metopo• Zlobin, V. V., 1979. A new species of mining fly Xeniomyza in• myza Enderlein (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from the Far East (in termedia sp.n. (Diptera, Agromyzid) from Kyzykum (in Rus• Russian). In: Diptera (Insecta) their Systematics, Geographic sian). Trydy vses. ent. obshch. 61: 204-6. Distribution and Ecology: 45-52 (1983). Zoological Institute, __ 1984a. Mining flies of the genus Cerodontha Rondani Leningrad. INDEX

Page numbers with host tables are shown in bold, those with illustrations by an asterisk. For genera, oligophagous, polyphagous and widespread species with multiple entries, the page number with the main discussion is underlined. Junior synonyms, nomina nuda and misidentifications are indented. Host plants are indexed to genera only. Place names of particular interest or relevant to dispersal only are indexed.

A 293 abdita, Phytomyza 205, 206*, 207, 401 aequalis, Japanagromyza Ill, 122*, 123 abdominalis, Phytomyza 21, 27, 28* Aeschynomene 111,119,123 Abelia 238, 242 Aeschynomeneae Ill, 123 abeliae, Phytomyza 238, 241 *, 242 Acthionema 85 Abelmoschus 75, 92 Aelhusa 159 aberrans, Ophiomyia 205, 209 afTinis, Phytomyza 222, 226*, 227 abiens, Agromyza 196, 197*, 198, 199,400 affinis, Phytomyza (misidentification) 255 abiens group, Agromyza 299 Afrotropical Region 108, 361, 365, 369 Abies 15 Agastache 204 abnormalis, Amauromyza 63, 64, 65*, 70, 204 Ageratina 287, 289, 290* abutilivora,Ophiomyia 74*,75,91, 92 Ageratum 263, 285, 287, 289 Abutilon 75, 92 Agoseris 259, 267 abutilonicaulis, Hexomyza 72, 73*, 92 Agrimonia 102, 104, 385 abutilonis, Agromyza 74*, 75, 91, 92, 323, 364 Agromyza 50, 91, 95, 100, 108, 127, 158, 177, 196, 229, Acacia 110,113,115,139 242, 321, 323, 344, 353, 363, 389, ill acaciae, Melanagromyza 110, 114*, 115, 139 Agrol11yza sp. 102, 104, 105*, 147, 155, 204, 205, 356, Acacieae 110, 115 357, 363 Acalypha 147, 148, 155 Agrol11yzid sp. 340, 341 acanthacearum, Pseudonapomyza 213,215 agrol11yzina, Phytomyza 143, 144*, 154 Acanthoic1eae 213, 215 Agromyzinae 390 acanthopanacis, Phytomyza 157, 159, 161* Agromyzoinea 388 Acanthopanax 157, 159 Agropyron 356, 367 Acer 150, 156, 178 Agrostel11ma 63 aceris, Phytobia (= Phb. setosa) 150, 178 Agrostis 352, 354, 377 Achillea 253, 258, 263, 299, 301, 303, 306, 307, 394 Ainsliaca 258, 258 achilleana, Melanagromyza 299, 301 Aira 354 achilleae, Ophiomyia (= O. curvipalpis) 299 airae, Agromyza (= A. lucida) 359 achilleae, Phytomyza 301, 304*, 305, 307 aizoon, Chromatomyia 99, 100*, 101 achille ana , Phytomyza 301, 307 Ajuga 204, 205, 207, 211, 401 achilleanella, Napomyza nom.nud 301, 303, 307 akbari, Ophiomyia ISO, 185 Achyranthes 63,67 Akebia 22, 47 Acmena 143, 154 akebiae, Phytol11yza 22,47 aconitella, Phytomyza 21,26*, 27 Alangium 143, 154 aconiti, Phytomyza 21, 26*, 27, 50 alaskan

Alliaria 83, 85 anemones, Phytomyza 21, 27, 28* alliariae,Ophiomyia 83, 84*, 85, 91 Anemoninae 21, 27 Allioideae 325, 335 anemonivora, Phytomyza 21, 29, 30* alliovora, Liriomyza (= L. trifolii) 325 Anethum 159 Allium 267, 325, 335, 392 Angelica 158, 160, 163, 173, 175, 178, 390 alnibetulae, Agromyza 54, 60*, 61, 100, 178 angelicae group, Phytomyza 50,95, ill, 167, 169, 173, alnivora, Agromyza 54, 60*, 61, 100, 178 175,178 Alnus 54, 59, 61 angelicae, Me1anagromyza 160, 162*, 163, 178, 390 Aloe 323, 327, 335, 390 angelicae, Phytomyza 159, 160, 162*, 167, 172*, .!fl, aloes, Penetagromyza 323, 327, 328*, 335, 390 177 Alomia 287, 289 angelicastri, Phytomyza 160, 172*, 173 Alooideae 327, 335 angeliciphaga, Melanagromyza 160, 162*, 177, 178 alopecuri, Chroma tomyia 354, 379 angelicivora, Phytomyza 160, 172*, 173 Alopecurus 354, 367, 379 Angiopteris 5, 8, 9* Alphitonia 148, 155 Angophora 141, 154 alpigenae, Chromatomyia 238, 242, 405 angulata, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 347, 348*, 351, alpina, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 355, 367 371, 380 alpina, Phytomyza 293, 296*, 297 angulicornis, Liriomyza 339*, 340, 341 Alstroemeria 329, 335 angustifrons, Japanagromyza (= J. yanoi) 147 Alternanthera 63, 67, 401 angustipennis, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 354, 365, alternantherae, Me1anagromyza 401 366* alternantherae, Ophiomyia 63, 66*, 67, 401 annulipes, Napomyza 301, 302*, 303 alternantherae, Pseudonapomyza 63, 67~* Anoda 92 Althaea 72, 75, 92 Anredera 63, 69 althaeae, Calycomyza (= Cal. malvae) 75 anserimontis, Phytomyza 274, 282*, 283 Altingia 53 Antennaria 270,271,272*,273,400 alunulata, Agromyza 355, 358*, 359, 364 anteposita, Paraphytomyza 234*, 235, 236 alysicarpi,Ophiomyia 111, 116*, 119, 140 Anthemideae 248, 299, 301, 321, 395 Alysicarpus 111, 119 Anthcmis 299, 301, 305, 306 alyssi, Liriomyza 83, 84*, 85 anthocercidis, Phytomyza 51, 189*, 190, 192 alyssi, Phytomyza 85, 87*, 88 Anthocercis 190, 192 Alyssum 85, 86, 88 Anthocerotae 1,2 amaranthi, Melanagromyza 63, 64, 66*, 67, 70 Anthoccrotales 1, 2 Amaranthus 63, 67, 69, 70 Anthospermeae 236 amarellae, Liriomyza 180, 184*, 185 Anthoxanthum 354 Amauromyza 275, 389, 390 anthracina, Agromyza 54, 57, 58*, 313 Amauromyza sp. 205, 209,271, 273, 342, 343*, 351 anthrisci daucivora, Phytomyza (= P. chaerophylli) ambigua, Agromyza 354, 356, 359, 361, 364 165, 177 ambigua group, Agromyza 353 anthrisci, Phytomyza (= P. chaerophylli) 165 ambigua-nigripes group, Agromyza 353, 364 Anthriscus 159, 163 Amblygonocarpus 110, 115 anthyllidis, Phytomyza (= P. brischkei) 125, 399 Ambrosia 301, 313, 315, 316 Anthyllis 112, 125, 140, 399 ambrosiae, Calycomyza 314*, 315, 316 Antidesma 147, 155 ambrosivora, Agromyza 301,313,314*,315, 316 antiquaria, Liriomyza 392 Amelanchier 102, 104, 178 Antirrhineae 222 amelanchieris, Phytobia 100, 102, 104, 106*, 150, 178 Antirrhinum 222 Amentiferae 52, 79, 100 Apera 354 Ammi 159 apfelbecki, Agromyza 251, 252*, 253 Ammineae (= Apieae) 159, 167 Aphanomyrtus 143, 154 Ammophila 354, 377 Aphis 145 amoena, Liriomyza 238, 239* aphyllae, Phytomyza 222, 226*, 227 Ampeloziziphus 148, 155 Apiales 157, 159 Anacyc1us 301, 306 Apieae 159, 160, 167 Anagallis 91 apii, Melanagromyza 159, 162*, 163 analis, Liriomyza 30 1 Apioideae 158, 159, 160 anaphalidis, Liriomyza 271, 273 Apium 159, 163, 313 Anaphalis 271, 273 Apollonias 18, 19 Anchusa 198, 199 Aporosa 148, 155 andina, Liriomyza 211, 212*, 373 aposeridis, Liriomyza 259, 262*, 263 Andropogoneae 357 aposeridis, Phytomyza 259, 267 Andryala 259, 263, 265 Aposcris 259, 263 andryalae, Liriomyza 259, 262*, 263 approximata, Liriomyza 141, 144*, 154 anemonantheae, Phytomyza 21, 29, 30* aprilina. Chromatomyia 238, 240, 241 * Anemone 21, 27, 140, 401 Aquilcgia 22, 43, 131, 140 Anemoneae 21, 27 aquilegiae, Phytomyza 22, 43, 46*, 50 anemones group, Phytomyza 29,405 aquilcgiana, Ophiomyia 22, 23, 43, 46*, 50 419 aquilegiana, Phytomyza 22, 43, 46*, 131 Arundineae 356 Aquilegiinae 22 Arundinoideae 352, 356, 363 aquilegioides, Phytomyza 22, 43, 46*, 47, 50 Arundo 356, 365 aquilegiophaga, Phytomyza 22, 43, 48* Arytera 152, 156 aquilegivora, Phytomyza 22, 43, 47, 48* asclepiadis, Liriomyza 180, 180, 181 * aquilonia, Phytomyza 22,41,44* Asclepias 180 Arabidopsis 85 asiatica, Pseudonapomyza 354, 356, 357, 375, 376* Arabis 85 Asparagales 323, 324, 335 Arachis 111, 123 asparagi, Ophiomyia 326*, 327, 335 araciocecis, Phytomyza 259, 267 asparagi, Ptochomyza 327, 328*, 335, 393, 403 aragonensis, Chromatomyia 259, 265 asparagivora, Ptochomyza 29, 327, 335, 393, 403 Arales 337 Asparagus 29, 324, 325, 335, 403 Aralia 157, 159 Asperugo 196, 199 araliae, Phytomyza 157,159, 161* Asperula 233, 235, 236 Araliales (Apiales) 157 asphodeli, Liriomyza 327, 335, 392 Aralioideae 158 Asphodeloideae 327, 335 aralivora, Phytomyza 157, 159, 161 * Asphodelus 327, 335 Archangelica (= Angelica) 160, 173 Aspidiales 6, II archangelicae, Phytomyza 160, 172*, 173 Aspilia 313,316 archboldi, Liriomyza 317,318*,320 Asplenioideae II Arctagrostis 355, 377 Asplenium 6 arctagrostidis, Chromatomyia 355, 377 assirnilis, Liriomyza 313, 314*, 316 arctica, Phytoliriomyza 153,259, 261, 262*, 274, 275 Aster 263, 267, 274,275, 277, 281, 283, 297, 307, 311, arcticola, Liriomyza (= L. virgo) 6 398 arctii, Liriomyza 251, 252*, 253 Asteracantha (= Hygrophila) 213, 215 Arctium 251, 253, 255, 257, 263, 287 asteracanthae, Melanagromyza 213, 215 Arc to-Tertiary forest 55, 59, 81 Asterales 232, 242, 247, 320 Arctoteae 248, 249, 249 Astereae 248, 273, 274, 321 Arctotideae 247 asteribia, Phytomyza (= P. erigerophila) 283 Arctotis 263 Asteridae 57, 95, 179, 232, 383, 389 Ardisia 89, 94 Astcriflorae 247, 320 Arecidae 322 asteris, Chromatomyia 274, 281, 282*, 283 Arecales 322 asteris, Liriomyza 274, 275, 278* Areciflorae 322 asterivora, Liriomyza 274, 277 Aremonia 102, 104 Astcroideae 247,285 Argentina 11, 35 Asteroideae (Tubuliflorae) 247, 258 Ariflorae 337, 341, 389 asterophaga, Phytomyza 274, 282*, 283 Arisaema 337, 341 asterovora, Ophiomyia 274, 275, 276* aristata, Agromyza 53, 55 astotinensis, Phytomyza 274, 284 aristella, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 357, 369, 370* astragali, Melanagromyza 112, 123 Aristolochia 18, 20 Astragalinae 112, 123 Aristolochiales 18, 20 Astragalus 112, 123, 125 Armoracia 85 Astrantia 159 arnaudi, Phytomyza 160, 173, 174* astrantiae, Phytomyza 158, 159, 162* Arnica 271,291,297,307,308,309 Asystasia 213, 215 arnicae, Phytomyza 308, 309, 310* asystasiae, Pseudonapomyza 213, 215, 216* arnicarum, Melanagromyza 308, 309, 310*, 320 Athamanta 159, 167 Arniceae 308 athamantae, Phytomyza 159, 167, 168* arnicicola, Phytomyza 309, 309, 310* Athyrioideae II Arnicinae 308 atlantidis, Paraphytomyza 238, 239*, 240 arnicivora, Phytomyza 309, 309, 310* atomella, Tropicomyia 15, 16, 78, 93, 143, 154, 287, arnicophila, Phytomyza (= P. conyzae) 271, 309 289, 382, 383, 384, 384, 396, 398 Arnoseris 259, 263, 265 atra, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 367, 368* aromatici, Phytomyza (= P. chaerophylli) 165 atra, Pseudonapomyza 354, 355, 356, 375, 376* aronici, Phytomyza 293, 297 atralis, Ophiomyia 268, 269*, 270 Arrhenatherum 354 .. atricornis··, Chromatomyia 249, 251, 255, 259, 265, Artemisia 163, 253, 255, 277, 283, 287, 299, 301, 303, 273, 289, 290, 291, 301, 305, 315, 316, 386 305, 306, 307, 313, 394 Atriplex 62, 64, 70 artemisiae, Calycomyza 287, 289, 301, 302*, 303 atriplicis, Ophiomyia 62, 64 artemisiae ssp marcida, Calycomyza 301, 302*, 303 atronitens, Cerodontha (Xenophytomyza) 366*, 367 artemisiae group, Calycomyza 289,315,319 Atropa 190, 192 artemisiae, Liriomyza 300*, 301 aucupariae, Phytobia 102, 106 artemisicola, Liriomyza 300 *, 301 aurata, Phytomyza 301, 306* artemisivora, Phytomyza 165, 255, 301, 304*, 305 aurei, Phytomyza 159, 165, 166* Aruncus 101, 102 Aus tralasia 6 Arundinaria 354, 367 Australia 50, 229, 249, 363, 375, 402 420

Australian/Pacific Region 108, 363, 365 Bignoniales 211 australis, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 355, 356, 365, Bignonieae 213, 217 366* Billardiera 97, 101 austriraphani, Me1anagromyza (= Mel. cleomae) 82, bimaculata, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 345, 346*, 351 397 bipunctata, Phytomyza 249, 249, 250*, 320 autumnalis, Phytomyza 251, 255 biseta, Cerodontha (Xenophytomyza) 367 Avena 354, 373, 375 biseta, Phytomyza 159, 165, 166* Aveneae 354, 375 bisetiorbita, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 367 Avicennia 201, 203 Blackstonia 180, 183, 396 avicenniae, Me1anagromyza 201, 202*, 203 blackstoniae, Chromatomyia 180, 181*, 183, 396,405 Avicennieae 201, 203 blechi, Liriomyza 180, 185, 196, 199,201,211, 213, azawii, Melanagromyza 112, 126*, 127, 214, 221, 385 ~, 216*, 373, 386 Blechum 213,215 B blepharidis, Melanagromyza 401 Baccaurea 148, 155 blepharidis, Ophiomyia 213, 215, 216*, 401 baccharidis, Liriomyza 274, 277, 279* Blepharis 213,215 Baccharis 274, 275, 277, 279*, 280*, 281 Boehmeria 54, 57 badia, Japanagromyza (= J. tephrosiae) 117, 398 boehmeriae, Melanagromyza 54, 57 baetica, Agromyza 356, 359 Boehmerieae 54 balcanica, Amauromyza 204, 205 Bomarea 328*, 329, 335 balcanica, Liriomyza 147, 149*, 155 bonavistae, Melanagromyza 111, 120*, 121 Ba110ta 204, 205, 207, 211, 400, 401 Boragineae 198 ballotae, Phytomyza (= P. salviae) 205,207, 400 Boraginoideae 196, 199 Bambusa 354, 363, 369 Borago 199 bambusae, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 369, 370* Borrichia 311, 316 Bambuseae 354 Bosquiea 405 Bambusoideae 352, 354, 363 Botanical Gardens 385, 386 Baptisia 113, 135 Bougainvillea 62, 64, 117, 293 baptisiae, Liriomyza 113, 135, 137* Bowdichia 110, 115 Barbarea 83, 85 Brachiaria 357, 361, 375, 377, 378* Barnadesia 257, 258 Brachychiton 72, 92 Barnadesiinae 256, 257, 258 Brachypodium 355, 369 Barringtonia 75, 92 bracken 9 Basella 63, 69 Brassica 82, 85, 88 Bauhinia 110, 113, 117 brassicae, Liriomyza 83, 85, 86, 87*, 88, 153, 157,277, beckeri, Ophiomyia 259, 260*, 261 385, 386 Beckmannia 354 Brassicella 85 Beckwithia (= Ranunculus) 41 braziliensis, Liriomyza 187, 188*, 191, 192 beigerae, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 367 brewcrae, Calycomyza (nom. emend.) 193, 194, 195*, beigerae, Chromatomyia 345, 351 404 Belamcanda 331, 336 breweri, Calycomyza 193, 404 belamcandae, Amauromyza 331, 332*, 336 Breynia 148, 155 bellidina, Phytomyza 274, 283 Bridelia 148, 155 bellidis, Napomyza 274, 280*, 281, 402 brischkei, Phytomyza 112, 125, 126*, 133, 140, 399 Bellis 263, 274, 275, 281, 283, 284, 398,402 Briza 355 Bellium 274 Brizopyrum (= Desmazeria) 355 beringiana, Phytomyza 198, 199 Bromeae 355 Bertiera 236 Bromeliiflorae 337, 340, 341, 389 Bertorea 85 bromi, Agromyza 355, 358*, 359 Berula (= Sium) 160, 173 Bromus 355, 359 berulae, Phytomyza (= P. sii) 173 Broussonetia 53, 55 Beta 63, 64, 69, 70 Browallia 189*, 190, 192 betae, Liriomyza 63, 64, 65*, 70, 398 Brunfelsia 190, 192 betae, Phytomyza Macquart (nom. nud.) 64, 398 brunnicosa, Agromyza 75, 91, 92 Betonica (= Stachys) 204, 205 brunnipes, Phytomyza 158, 159, 161 *, 178 Betula 54, 61, 106 bruscae, Liriomyza (= L. occipitalis) 6 betulae, Agromyza 54, 60*, 61, 178 Bryonia 78, 93 betulae, Phytobia 54,60*, 61, 79 bryoniae, Liriomyza 47, 62, 63, 69, 78, 79, 80*, 85,86, betulivora, Phytobia 54, 60*, 61, 100, 106 93, 111,113,148, 155, 158, 159, 160, 169, 180, 185, bicaudata, Agromyza 133, 353, 358* 190, 192, 194,201,203, 205, 209, 222, 265, 274, 277, bicophaga, Agromyza 112, 127, 129* 308, 309, 382, 383, 384, 384, 385 Bidens 140,277,291, 308, 309, 313, 317, 320, 399 Bryophyta I, 389 bidensiphoeta, Phytoliriomyza 319 Buddleja 185, 214, 218, 221, 385 bidenticola, Me1anagromyza 317, 320 buhri, Liriomyza 230*, 231, 233 bidentis, Me1anagromyza 311, 316, 317, 318*, 320 buhri, Paraphytomyza 234*,235, 236 Bifora 159, 165 buhri, Phytomyza 21, 27, 33, 50 421 buhriana, Phytomyza 21, 41 campestris, Phytomyza 309, 309, 310* buhriella, Phytomyza 293, 296*, 298 Camptosorus 6, 12 bulgarica, Liriomyza 259, 263 canadensis, Agromyza 197*, 198, 199 bullati, Haplopeodes 187, 189*, 192, 192 Canarina 231 Bulnesia 152, 157 Canarium 151,156 Bunias 85 Canavalia Ill, 119, 121 Buphthalmum 271,273, 400 candidipennis, Melanagromyza Ill, 120*, 121 bupleuri, Napomyza 159, 163, 164*, 177, 402 canescens, Liriomyza 231 bupleuri, Phytomyza 402 Cannabis 53, 55, 56*, 61, 277 Bupleurum 159, 163, 167 cannabis, Liriomyza 53, 277 burchardi, Phytomyza 293, 297 Canthium 235, 237 Bursaria 97, 101 capeneri, Tropicomyia 405 buscki, Ophiomyia 63, 66*, 67 capitata, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) 345, 346*, 351 Butomomyza, sg., Cerodontha 342, 347, 364, 371 Capparales 50, 82, 85, 91 Butomus 323, 337, 338, 341 caprifoliae, Chromatomyia 238, 242 Bystropogon 205, 211 Capsella 85 capsici, Haplopeodes 190, 192 C Capsicum 190, 192 cabanae, Ophiomyia 147, 149*, 155 Caragana 112, 125, 139 Cabralea 151, 156 caraganae, Paraphytomyza Il2, 125, 126*, 139 Caccinia 199 carbonaria, Phytobia 102, 106* caerulea, Melanagromyza 191*, 193, 194 Cardamine 83, 85. 86, 87* Caesalpinia 109, 1I0, 113, 114* cardamines, Liriomyza 85. 86, 87* caesalpiniae, Liriomyza 109, 110, 114* Cardaria 85 caesalpiniae, Phytomyza (= P. williamsoni) 109 Cardueae 247, 248, 249, 251 Caesalpinieae 109, 1I0 cardui, Phytomyza (= P. continua) 255 Caesalpinioideae 107, 109, IlO, 115, 139 Carduus 251,251, 253, 255, 263 Caiophora 79, 93 Carex 331, 333, 344, 347, 349, 351, 352, 377, 380, 386 Cajaninae lll, 123 Careya 141, 154 Cajanus Ill, 119, 121, 123 caricicola, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 349, 350*, 351, Cakile 85 371 calamagrostidis, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 367, 368* cariciphaga, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349, 350*, 351 Calamagrostis 354, 377 caricivora, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 347, 348*, 349, Calendula 263,290,291,313,315,317 351 Calenduleae 248, 289, 290 Caricoideae 347, 351 californica, Phytomyza 293, 296*, 297 Carinagromyza (= Ophiomyia) 141 Callepina 85 Carlina 204, 249, 249, 263 callianthemi, Phytomyza 21, 35, 42*, 400 carlinae, Amauromyza 204, 249, 250*, 320 Callianthemum 21, 35 Carlineae 248, 249, 249 Callistephus 263, 274. 275, 399 Carmichaelia Il2, 123, 125 Calli tris 15 Carmichaelieae Il2, 125 Calluna 88, 93 carotae, Napomyza 160, 163, 164*, 169, 177, 178, 390 Calonyction (= Ipomoea) 194 carpatica, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 345, 351 Calophylloideae 91 Carpinus 54, 61 Calopogonium Ill, 119, 121 Carthamus 249, 249, 257 Calpocalyx IlO, 115 Carum 159. 165, 167 Caltha 6, 21. 22, 23, 169 Caryophyllales 62, 64, 70 calthae, Phytomyza 21.23, 25* Caryophyllidae 62, 382, 389 calthivora, Phytomyza 6, 21, 23, 25*, 169 Casearia 77, 92 calthophila, Phytomyza 21, 23, 25*, 169, 207 Cassia II 0, 113, 140 Calycanthus 18. 19 cassiae, Calycomyza IlO, 113, 114*, 140 Calycomyza 193, 289, 389, 392 cassiae, Ophiomyia llO, 113, 114* Calycomyza sp. 54, 57, 79, 93, 150, 152, 156, 217, 246, Cassieae 1l0, 113 258,289, 315, 316 Cassine 145, 154 camarae, Ophiomyia 201, 202*, 203 Cassinia 271, 273 cambii, Phytobia 61, 79, 80*, 93 cassiniae, Liriomyza 271,272*,273 Camelina 85 cassinis, Tropicomyia 145, 154 Camellia 71, 91 Castanea 54, 59 campanariae, Phytomyza (= P. socia) 27, 401 Castilleja 222, 227 Campanula 229, 231, 261 castillejae, Chromatomyia 222, 226*, 227 campanulae, Phytomyza 231, 232* castillejae nordica, Chromatomyia 222, 226*, 227 Campanulales 229, 231, 233 Catalpa 213, 217, 218 campanularum, Ophiomyia 229,230*, 231, 233 Catapodium 355 campanulivora, Phytomyza (= P. rapunculi) 231, catherinae, Agromyza 357, 361 400 Cattleya 333, 336 Campanuloideae 229,231 Caucalis 160, 165, 175, 177 422 caucensis, Melanagromyza 187, 192 Cheiranthus 85 caulinaris, Phytomyza 21, 41, 42* Chelone 222 caulophaga, Liriomyza 63, 64, 65*, 67 chelonei, Phytomyza 222, 223*, 229 ceanothi, Phytomyza 148, 149*, 155 chenopodii, Liriomyza (= L. betae) 64, 398 Ceanothus 148, 155 chenopodii, Melanagromyza 63, 64, 65*, 70 cecidogena, Hexomyza 81, 93 Chenopodium 63, 64, 69, 70 Cecidomyiaceltis 53, 54, 389 chenopodivora, Amauromyza 63, 64, 65*, 70 cecidonomia, Phytomyza 259,266*, 267 Chidlowia 110, 113 Celastrales 143, 148, 154 chilena, Calycomyza 159, 160 Celastrus 145, 154 chinensis, Liriomyza 325, 326*, 335 Celmisia 274 Chiococca 235, 236 Celosia 63 Chiococceae 236 celtidis, Agromyza (= A. trebinjensis) 55 Chionanthus 214 Celtis 53, 54 Chisocheton 151, 156 Centaurea 231,232, 251, 253, 255, 263, 395 Chloridoideae 352, 356 centaureae, Hexomyza 250*,251,251,320 Chloropidae 388 centaureae, Liriomyza 251, 252*, 253 Chondrilla 259, 261 centaurii, Chromatomyia 180,181*,183, 397 chondrillae, Ophiomyia 259, 260*, 261 Centaurium 180, 183, 397 Chromatomyia 4,20,91,179,183,185,238,242,299, Centothecoideae 352, 356 323, 344, 377, 384, 389, 392, 393, 396, 405 centralis, Phytomyza (= P. loewii) 33 Chromatomyia sp. 238, 240, 241 *, 244, 377, 378* Centranthus 245, 246 Chromatomyia Walker (= Lamprogaster Macquart) Centrosema Ill, 121, 135 406 centrosemae, Japanagromyza Ill, 121 chrysanthemi, Liriomyza (= L. ptarmicae) 303 centrosematis,Ophiomyia 78, 111,113, 120*, ill, 135 Chrysanthemoides 290, 291 cepae, Liriomyza 325, 326*, 335 Chrysanthemum 263, 283, 291, 295, 299, 301, 306, 307 Cephalandra (= Coccinia) 78 Chrysophyllum 89, 94 Cephalaria 242, 244 Cicer 112, 125, 131, 140 Cephalomyza 331 Cicerbita 259, 265, 267 cerasiferae, Phytobia 102, 104, 105* Cicereae 112, 131 Cerastium 63, 64 cicerina, Liriomyza 112, 125, 131, 132*, 133, 140 ceratiosicyi, Tropicomyia 78, 93, 405 cicerivora, Ophiomyia 112, 131, 132* Ceratiosicyos 78, 93, 405 cichorii, Napomyza 259, 265, 266* Ceratosanthes 79, 93 cichorii, Ophiomyia 259, 260*, 261 Cercideae 110, 113 Cichorium 259, 261, 263 Cerinthe 199 Cichorioideae 247 Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 347, 349, 351 Cichorioideae (Liguliflorae) 247, 258 Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 344, 364 Cicuta 6, 159, 167 Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 331,344,345,349,351, cicutae, Phytomyza 6, 159, 167, 170* 352, 353* cicutella, Phytomyza 159, 167, 170* Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) sp. 352, 353* cicutivora, Phytomyza 159, 167, 170* Cerodontha (Icteromyza) 344, 345 ciliata, Chromatomyia 301, 304*, 305, 403 Cerodontha s.l. 323, 344, 345, 347, 364, 380, 389, 392 ciliolati, Phytomyza 274, 282*, 283 Cestreae 190,192 Cimicifuga 21, 27 cestri, Liriomyza 189*, 190, 192 Cimicifugeae 21, 23 Cestroideae 187, 190, 192 Cinchoneae 236 Cestrum 190, 192 Cinchonoideae 235, 236 Ceterach 6, 13, 403 cineracea, Napomyza (= N. nigritula) 38 ceylonensis, Agromyza 354, 362*, 363 Cineraria 293, 297 Chaenomeles 102, 106 cinerascens, Agromyza 355, 356, 360*, 361 chaerophylli, Melanagromyza 159, 162*, 163 cinerea, Pllytomyza 251, 254*, 255 chaerophylli, Phytomyza 159, 160, 165, 166*, 167, 169, cinerascens group, Agromyza 357, 361, 364 177, 399 Cinna 354, 377, 379 chaerophylliana, Phytomyza 159, 165, 166* cinnae, Chromatomyia 354, 378*, 379 Chaerophyllum 159, 163, 165, 167 Cinnamomum 18, 19 Chaetopogon 354 Circaea 141 Chaetothylax 213, 217 cirrhosae, Phytomyza 21, 32*, 33 Chaeturus (= Chaetopogon) 354 cirsii, Agromyza (= Melanagromyza aeneoventris) chaixiana, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 355, 371 251 chalcosoma, Melanagromyza Ill, 121, 123, 124* cirsii, Phytomyza 251, 255, 256*, 259 chamaebalani, Amauromyza 112, 130*, 131 cirsiophila, Melanagromyza 251, 251, 252*, 253 chamaemetabola, Chromatomyia 238, 241 *, 242, 405 Cirsium 163,251,251,253,255 Chaptalia 257, 258 Cissampelopsis 293 chaptaliae, Melanagromyza 257*, 257, 258 Cissus 148, 155 Cheilanthes 5 cisti, Liriomyza (= L. xanthocera) 86, 399 cheilanthus, Chromatomyia 5, 403, 405 Cistus 77, 92 423 citreifemorata, Liriomyza 214,218,219* Comarum 102, 104 Citrullus 78, 93 Combretum 141, 143, 153 Citrus 152, 156 Commelina 342, 343*, 344, 351 Clappia 317 commelinae, Liriomyza 323, 342, 343*, 351, 392 clara, Phytoliriomyza 5,9, 10*, 131, 140 Comme1inales 342, 351 clarae, Liriomyza 98*, 99, 101 Commelinidae 322, 344 clematadi, Phytomyza 21, 35, 37* Commeliniflorae 322, 342, 351, 389 clematidella, Phytomyza 21, 33, 36* compositana, Calycomyza 319, 320* clematidicaulis, Phytomyza 21, 29, 32* compositana, Me1anagromyza 292*,293, 293, 394 clematidicolla, Napomyza 21,29,31*,33,50,402 compositella, Liriomyza (= L. pusilla) 270, 271, clematidicolla, Phytomyza 402 - 275, 277, 278*, 398 Clematidinae 21, 29 compositicaulis, Ophiomyia 299, 301 clematidiphoeta, Phytomyza 21, 33, 34* congesta, Liriomyza 108, 111,112,113,125, 127, 130*, clematidis, Napomyza 21,29,31* .!l!" 133, 139 clematidis, Phytomyza (= P. loewii) 21, 33 coniceps, Ophiomyia 259, 261 clematiphaga, Phytomyza 21, 33, 36* conii, Phytomyza 159 Clematis 21,23, 29, 33, 35, 50, 113, 327, 403 coniopais, Phytomyza 159, 166*, 167 clematisana, Phytomyza 21, 33, 34* coniophila, Phytomyza (= P. chaerophylli) 165 clematisella, Phytomyza 21, 33, 34* conioselini, Phytomyza 160, 173, 174* clematisi, Phytomyza 21, 33, 36* Conioselinum 160, 173, 178 clemativora, Chromatomyia 21,29,31*,403 Conium 159, 165, 167 clematobia, ssp. of Phytomyza anemones 21, 33 conjuncta, Agromyza 359 clematoides, Chromatomyia 21,29, 31 *, 402 conopodii, Phytomyza (= P. chaerophylli) 165 cleomae, Me1anagromyza 82, 84*, 85, 397 Conopodium 159, 165, 169 Cleome 82, 83, 85, 385, 397 Conringia 85 Cleyera 71, 91 conspicua,Ophiomyia 119, 140,312*,313,316 clianthi, Liriomyza 111,112, 123, 124*, 125 continua, Phytomyza 251, 255, 256* Clianthus 111, 123 Con tortae 213, 215 Clinopodium 205 Convolvuleae 193, 194 Cli toriinae 111, 12 I convolvuli, Melanagromyza 191*, 193, 194 Clusiidae 388 Convolvulus 193, 194 Clusioideae 91 Conyza 270, 274, 275, 277, 281 Clutia 147, 155 conyzae, Phytomyza 271, 272*, 273, 283, 305, 309, 309 clutiae, Tropicomyia 146*, 147, 155, 404, 405 Copaifera 110, 113 Clytostoma 213, 217 Coprosma 233, 236 Cnicus 251, 255 coprosmae, Hexomyza 233, 234*, 236 cnidii, Phytomyza 159, 169 Coptideae 22, 43 Cnidium 159, 169 Coptidoideae 43 Coccinia 78, 93 Copt is 22, 43 cocculi, Liriomyza 8,18,20,22, 47, 51*,78,141,154, Cordia 196, 199 ISO, 185, 214, 218, 382, 383, 384 cordiae, Pseudoliriomyza 196, 199 Cocculus 22, 47, 78 Cordioideae 196, 199 Cochlearia 85 cordobensis, Liriomyza (nom. nUd.) 22, 47, 50, 112, coevolution 388 131, 153, 157,382,383,384,384, 385 Coffea 235, 236 Cordylanthus 222 Coffeae 236 Cordyline 325, 335 coffeae Hering, Tropicomyia (= T. flacourtiae) 235 Coreopsideae 247, 248, 31 I, 31 7, 320 coffeae Koningsberger, Tropicomyia (= T. theae) 72, Coreopsis 297, 309, 317, 320 235, 384, 398 Coriandreae 159, 165 Coix 357 Coriandrum 159, 165 colei, Ophiomyia 205, 209, 210* Comales 143, 154, 158, 237 Coleoptera 381 comi, Phytomyza (doubtful) 143 Amblycerus 381 Comiflorae IS 8, 320 Bruchidae 381 comigera, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349, 351 Chrysomelidae 381 comigera, Paraphytomyza 238, 239*, 240, 242 Coleus 205, 209 Comus 143, 154 Collinsia 222 comuta, Ophiomyia 231, 232*, 233 Colocasia 337, 341 Coronilla 112, 123, 127 Colombia 69, 88, 187, 277, 311, 344 Coronilleae 112, 125 colonization 388, 389 Coronopus 85 Colorado 365 cortusifolii, Phytomyza 21, 41, 42* Colubrina 148, 155 corvimontana, Phytomyza 301, 304*, 305 columbiana, Phytomyza 259,266*, 267 Coryleae 59 columbinae, Phytomyza 22,43, 46*, 47, 50 Corylus 54, 61 Colutea 111, 123, 125 Corynanthe 236 Coluteinae Ill, 123 Cosmos 316 424 costata, Napomyza 21,40*,41,50, 402 cymbonoti, Ophiomyia 249, 249, 250*, 261 Cotinus ISO, 156 Cymbonotus 249, 249, 261 Cotoneaster 102, 106 Cynanchum 180, 183 Cotu1a 263, 301 Cynara 251, 253, 263 Cotyledon 97, 101 Cynareae 247, 248 cotyledonus, Melanagromyza 97, 98*, 101 Cynodon 356, 375, 376* Crambe 85 Cynodonteae 356 Craspedia 271, 273 Cynoglosseae 196, 199 craspediae, Liriomyza 232, 271. 272*, 273 cynoglossi, Calycomyza 197*, 198, 199 crassiseta, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 355, 371, 372*, Cynoglossum 198, 199 373 Cynometra 110, 113 crassiseta, Phytomyza 222, 224, 225* Cynosurus 355 Crassocephalum 277, 278*, 293, 399 cyparissiae, Liriomyza (= L. balcanica) 147 Crataegus 102, 104, 106, 385 Cyperales 322, 342, 344, 351 Crawfurdia (= Gentiana) 180, 183 Cyperoideae 347, 351 crawfurdiae, Chroma tomyia 180, 181 *, 183 Cyperus 349, 351, 352 crepidis, Phytomyza 259, 267, 268* Cyphioideae 229 Crepis 253,258,259,261,265,267,394 Cyrtandra 214,218,219* Crescen tieae 213, 218 Cyrtandroideae 218 criptica, Liriomyza (nom. nud.) 79, 93, Ill, 117, cyrtanthi, Tropicomyia 325, 335 189*, 190, 192,382,383,384, 384, 385 Cyrtanthus 325, 335 Cronquist ix cyrtorchidis, Me1anagromyza 327, 333, 334*, 336 Crotalaria 113, 119, 121, 135, 139, 395,405 Cyrtorchis 327, 333, 336 crotalariae, Tropicomyia 113, 123, 135, 136*; 139,405 cytisi, Phytomyza II3, 138*, 139 crotalariana, Melanagromyza 113, 135, 136*, 139 Cytisus 113, 139,251. 404 Crotalarieae 113, 135 czernyi, Phytomyza (misident.) 403 crotalariella,Ophiomyia 113, 135, 136*, 395 crotalarivora, Calycomyza 113, 135, 136* D Croton 147, 155 Dactylis 355, 365, 369 crotonella, Tropicomyia 147, 149*, 155,405 Dahlia 308, 309 cruciata, Liriomyza 354, 374*, 375 Da1bergia 110, 115 Crucifera (nom. nud.) 83 Dalbergieae 110, liS crucifericola, Liriomyza (= L. xanthocera) 75, 85, Dahlgren 322 86, 194, 205, 382, 383, 384, 384, 399 dalmatiensis, Phytomyza 21, 32*, 33 Crymodes 41 Daphne 141, 154 Cryptolepis 180, 183 Datura 187, 190, 192 Cryptostegia 180, 183 Datureae 190, 192 Cryptostemma 249 Dauceae 160, 177 Cucumis 78, 93 dauci, Phytomyza (= P. ferulae) 175,177 Cucurbita 78, 93 Daucus 160, 163, 165, 169, 175, 177, 265 Cudrania 53, 61 davisii, Phytomyza 21, 43, 45* cunctanoides, Melanagromyza 270, 273, 299, 301, 311, debilis, Liriomyza 313, 316 316,317,320 Dehaasia 18, 19 cunctans, Me1anagromyza 112, 119, 125, 126* deirdreae, Chromatomyia 99, 100*, 101 cunctata, Ophiomyia 244, 259, 260*, 261 Delilia 315, 316 Cunninghamia 15 Delphineae 21, 27 cupressorum, Protophytobia 15 delphinii, Ophiomyia 21, 23 Cupressus IS Delphinium 21, 23, 27 curvipalpis, Ophiomyia 133, 251, 253, 259, 261, 274, delphinivora, Phytomyza 21, 26*, 27 299, 301 demeijerei, Agromyza II 3, 127, 138*, 139 curvipalpis var. texana, Ophiomyia 285 demeijerci, Liriomyza 300*, 301, 301 Cuscuta 193, 194 demissa, Phytomyza 284, 301, 306* cuscutae, Melanagromyza 193, 194, j 95* Dennstaedtiales 5, 9 Cussonia 157, 159 denticornis, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 354, 355, 356, cussoniae, Melanagromyza 157, 159, 161 * 364, 365, 366* Cyathea 5, 11, 391 denticornis group, Cerodontha 365 cyatheae, Phytoliriomyza 5, 10*, 11, 14, 338 Deschampsia 352, 354, 367, 369, 373, 377, 379, 386 Cyatheales 5, 11 deschampsiae, Cerodontha (Poemyza) (= Cer. (Po.) Cyathocaulis 11 imbuta) 367 Cyclamen 89, 94 Descurainia 83, 85 cyclaminis, Liriomyza 89, 90*, 94 deserta, Cecidomyiaceltis 53, 54 Cydonia 102, 106, 107 Desmazeria 355 cydoniae, Paraphytomyza 102, 107, 125 Desmodieae Ill, 117 cygnicollina, Chromatomyia 345, 351 Desmodium Ill, 117, 139 Cymbideae 336 desmodivora, Japanagromyza 111,116*,119,123,139 Cymbidium 334, 336 despinosa, Phytomyza 274, 282*, 283 425

Detarieae 1I0, 113 dispersal continued dettmeri, Melanagromyza 251, 251, 252*, 253, 394, 395 West Africa 72 Deutzia 97, 101 distorta, Agromyza (= A. alunulata) 359 deutziae, Phytomyza 97, 101 Distylium 53 Dianella 329, 335 ditmanni, Phytomyza 145, 154 dianellae, Kleinschmidtirnyia 328*, 329, 335 Dittrichia 271,273 Dianthera (= Justicia) 213 diversicornis, Phytomyza 222, 227, 228* diantherae, Melanagromyza 213, 215, 216* Dizygomyza, sg., Cerodontha 342, 344, 364, 371 dianthicola, Liriomyza 63, 69 Dolichandrone 213 Dianthus 63, 69 Dolichos 1I1. 121, 123 Diaphorina 381 dolichostigma, Melanagromyza lIt 1I3, 118*, !!2., dicksoni, Tropicomyia 405 135 Dicliptera 213, 215, 217 dominicensis, Calycomyza 269*, 270 Dicotyledons 389 doronici, Phytomyza 293, 297 Dicrocephala 274 Doronicum 293, 297 Diervilla 238 dorsalis, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 354, 355, 356, 357, Digitalideae 222, 224 365, 366* Digitalis 222, 224 dorsata, Chromatomyia 6, 12*, 13, 403, 405 digitalis, Phytomyza 218, 222, 223*, 224 Doryophora 18, 19 Digitaria 357, 363 doug1asii, Liriomyza (= L. togata) 277 dilatata, Pseudonapomyza 356, 357, 375, 376* Dovyalis 77, 92 Dilleniales 71 Dracocephalum 205. 207, 211 Dilleniidae 52, 71, 91, 145, 389 dracunculi, Liriomyza 300*, 301, 303 Dirnorphotheca 263,290, 291 Dregia lBO, 185 Diocleinae 1I1. 119 drepanura, Agromyza (= A. frontella) 133 Dioscorea 324, 335 dryoptericola, Chromatomyia 6, 13, 403, 405 dioscoreae, Melanagromyza (= Tropicomyia Dryopteridoideae 11 flacourtiae) 324 Dryopteris 6 Dioscoreales 323, 324, 335, 337 Duchesnea 102 Diospyros 89 duchesneae, Japanagromyza 102, 102*, 139 diplazii, Phytoliriomyza 6, 12*, 13 Dumortiera 2, 3 Diplazium 6 duplicata, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) 345, 346*, 351 Diplospora 236 Duranta 200, 201, 201 Diplotaxis 85 durantae, Calycomyza 200, 201, 201, 202* dipodii, Melanagromyza 333, 334*, 336 Dysoxylum 151, 156 Dipodium 333, 336 Dipsacales 233, 235, 247 E dipsaci, Agromyza 242, 243*, 244 Ebenales 88, 94 Dipsacus 242, 244 Ecballium 93 Discaria 148, 155 Echieae 199 dispersal Echinaria 355 Africa 72, 107, 324 Echinochloa 357 Agromyza 364 Echinophoreae 160 Argentina 35 Echinops 249 Australia 50, 249 Echinopsideae 248, 249, 249 Beringia (Bering Straits) 7,55,59,61,64,78,81, Echium 199 106,143,175,178,198,261, 265, 307, 331, 353, 377, Eclipta 315,316,318* 392 ecliptae, Calycomyza 315, 316, 318* Brazil 72 Ehrharta 354 Caribbean 107 Ehrharteae 354 Chile 353 elaeagni, Amauromyza 141, 142*, 153 Cyathea 391 elaeagni, Japanagromyza 141, 142*, 153 Eurasia 333 Elaeagnus 141, 153 Europe 107,249 Elaeodendron 145, 155 Gondwanaland 11, 14, 52, 209, 342, 391 elbergi, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 356, 371, 373 Hawaii 47 Elephantopus 269, 270 Kenya 99, 344, 347, 379 Elcusine 356, 375 Liriomyza 299 elsae, Phytomyza 159, 167, 168* Lord Howe Island 277, 281 Elvira (= Deli1ia) 315,316 New Zealand ix, 11, 35, 50, 108, 229, 295, 353, 363, Elymus 356 375, 402 Emilia 153, 293, 295 North America 107, 261, 333 emiliae, Liriomyza 153, 157, 293, 294*, 295 Phytomyza 299 Encelia 315, 316 Pseudonapomyza 377 enceliae, Calycomyza 315, 316 South Africa 50, 249, 265, 365 Encelocerinae 390 South America 72, 324, 344 endiviae, Liriomyza 259, 262*, 263 426

Endodesmia 72, 91 Eupatorium 270, 274, 285, 287, 289, 303, 311, 384 Enicostema 180, 185 eupatorivora, Calycomyza 287, 288*, 289 Enterolobium 1I0, liS Euphorbia 147, 148, 155 Epaltes 271, 273, 277, 399 Euphorbiales 95, 145, 155 Eperua llO, 113 Euphrasia 221,222,227 Ephedra 15 eurhabdus, Haplopeodes 187, 192 Epidendroideae 336 Eustrephus 324, 335 Epilobium 141 evanescens, Napomyza 21, 38, 39*, 50, 402 Equisetales 5, 6 Evax 273 Equisetatae (= Sphenopsida) 5, 389 eximia, Napomyza 21, 38, 40*, 50, 402 equiseti, Liriomyza 5, 6, 7* exquisita, Calycomyza 274, 280*, 281 Equisetites 6 Equisetophyta 4, 5 F Equisetum 5, 6 fabae, Melanagromyza 112, 126*, 127 Eragrostideae 356 Fabales 107 Eragrostis 356 facialis, Phytomyza 159, 167, 168* Erechtites 275, 293, 295, 313 Fagales 52, 54, 59 erechtitidis, Melanagromyza 293, 295 Fagus 59 Erica 88, 93 Falkland Islands 224, 365 Ericales 88, 93 fallaciosa, Phytomyza 21, 27, 43, 45*, 178 Ericoideae 93 fallaciosa group, Phytomyza 50 Erigeron 263, 274, 281, 283 fall ax, Paraphytomyza 238, 242 erigeronis, Me1anagromyza 274, 276* farfarae, Phytomyza 293, 298*, 299, 306 erigerontophaga, Chromatomyia 274, 281, 282* farfarella, Chromatomyia 259, 265 erigerontophaga group, Chromatomyia 281 fasciata, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 355, 371, 372*, 373 erigerophila, Phytomyza 271, 274, 283, 284* fasciola, Liriomyza (= L. pusilla) 274, 275, 277, 398 eriodictyi, Chromatomyia 194, 195*, 224 felleri, Agromyza 1I2, 127, 129* Eriodictyon 194 felti, Phytoliriomyza 6, 12* eriolepidis, Me1anagromyza 251, 251, 253 ferns 4,8, 13,261, 380, 393 eriophori, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 349, 351 ferox,Ophiomyia 186*, 187, 192 Eriophorum 345, 347, 349, 351 ferruginosa, Agromyza 198, 199, 200* Eritricheae 199 Ferula 160, 163, 173 erodii, Agromyza 152, 157 ferulae, Melanagromyza 160, 162*, 163 Erodium 152, 157 ferulae, Phytomyza 159, 160, 169, 173, 174* Eruca 85 ferulae ssp. scaligeriae, Phytomyza, 159, 173, 175 Erucastrum 85 ferulivora, Phytomyza 160, 174*, 175 erucifolii, Liriomyza 293, 294*, 295 Festuca 355, 371 Eryngium 159, 160 lici, Ophiomyia 53, 57 Erysimum 85 Ficus 53, 57 Erythrina 111, 119, 404 Fiji 78 erythrinae, Melanagromyza Ill, 118*, 119, 404 Filago 271, 273, 400 Erythrininae Ill, 119 Filicopsida 4, 5 erythrocephala, Agromyza 112, 127, 128* Filipendula 102, 104 Erythroxylon 148, 155 fllipendulae, Agromyza 102, 104, 105* esakii, Phytomyza 21, 33, 36* f11llbriata, Phytomyza 153, 157 Escallonia 97, 101 Fimbristylis 347, 351 Esenbeckia 152, 156 Flacourtia 77, 92 esulae, Liriomyza (= L. balcanica) 147 flacourtiae, Tropicomyia 62, 64, 74*, 75, 77, 78, 83, 86, eucalypti, Japanagromyza 141, 142*, 154 89, 92, 93, 94, 97, 101, 1I0, 113, 152, 156, 180, 183, Eucalyptus 141, 143, 154 193, 194,200,201,221, 235, 236, 324, 335, 337, 341, eucaricis, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 347, 348*, 351, 382, 383, 384, 384, 395 380 flagellae, Liriomyza (nom. nud.) 63, 65*, 67, 70 Euce10cerinae (= Encelocerinae) 390 flaveola, Liriomyza 354, 355, 356, 372, *, 373 eucodonus, Ophiomyia 229, 230*, 231 Flaveria 313, 316, 320 Eugenia 143, 154 Flaveriinae, see Heliantheae - Flaveriinae Eulophia 323, 334, 336, 395 flaviceps, Agromyza 53, 55, 56* eulophiae, Tropicomyia 334*, 336, 336, 395 flavicornis, Phytomyza 54, 58, 60* Euonymus 155 flavifrons, Amauromyza 63,69,70,204,231,233, 385 Eupatoriade1phus 287, 289 flavifrons, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 354, 355, 365, eupatoriana, Liriomyza 287, 288*, 289 366* Eupatorieae 248, 285, 289 flavinotum, Calycomyza 251, 253, 287, 288*, 289 eupatoriella, Melanagromyza 285, 286*, 289 flavinotus, Haplopeodes 190, 192 eupatorii, Liriomyza 205, 209, 259, 263, 274, 275, 277, flaviorbitalis, Cerodontha (Poemyza) (= Cer. (Po.) 287, 288*, 289, 291, 386 oryzivora) 371, 398 eupatorii, Melanagromyza 270, 273, 285, 286*, 289 flavipennis, Agromyza 204, 205, 206* eupatorii, Phytomyza 289, 290* flavocentralis, Liriomyza 86, 222, 224, 225* 427 flavocincta, Selachops 338, 339*, 390, 391 geological periods continued flavocingulata, Cerodontha (Phytagromyza) 354, 355, 107, 140, 157, 247, 322, 337, 342, 352, 388 356, 371, 372* Devonian I, 6 flavofemoralis, Phytomyza 21, 29, 31 * Eocene 19, 64, 79, 88, 89, 99, 100, 107, 143, 148, flavofemorata, Phytomyza 222,226*, 227 ISO, lSI, 157, 179, 185,217, 237, 324, 325, 331, 347, flavolateralis, Liriomyza 76*, 77, 92 390, 402 flavopicta, Liriomyza 300*, 301, 303 Jurassic 4, 8, II flavopleura, Phytoliriomyza 5,6, 8, II, 12* Maestrichtian 54, 62, 88, 89, 107 Flemingia 111, 119, 121, 123 Mesozoic 4, 8 floridensis, Melanagromyza 111, 116*, 117, 139 Miocene 20, 35, 53, 107, 150, 179, 196, 220, 237, floris, Melanagromyza 133,290,291, 317, 318*, 320 247, 258, 285 foenieuli, Melanagromyza 159, 162*, 163 Oligocene 78, 79, 89, 99, 107, 150, 151, 179, 196, Foeniculum 159, 163, 169 247 Forsythia 214 Palaeocene (Paleocene) 70, 78, 88, 100, 140, 143, Fragaria 102, 104 150, 157, 179, 337 fragariae, Agromyza 102, 104, 105* Permian 6 frankensis, Cerodontha (Phytagromyza) 371, 372* Pleistocene 6, 35 Fraxineae 214, 220 Pliocene 59, 79 fraxini, Paraphytomyza 214,219*,220 Senonian 342 fraxinivora, Paraphytomyza 214, 220 Tertiary 1,4,6, 11, 13, 15,52,59,157, 179, 185, Fraxinus 214, 220 247, 258, 265, 309, 322, 342, 352, 364, 381, 392 freyella, Liriomyza 7*, 8 Triassic I, 8 fricki, Chromatomyia 238, 242 Geraniales 152, 157 frieki, Liriomyza 112, 131, 132*, 133 Geranium 152, 157 friekiana, Calycomyza 287,315,316,318*,319,320 Gerardieae 222, 224, 227 frontella, Agromyza 112, 133, 134* Gerbera 257, 258, 263, 270, 373 Fuchsia 35, 141 gerberae, Melanagromyza 257*, 258 fulgens, Phytomyza 21, 33, 34* gerberivora, Melanagromyza 257*, 258 fulvieornis, Paraphytomyza 81, 93 Gesnerioideae 218 fulvipes, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 355, 364 Geum 102, 104 fusca, Agromyza 361, 362* gibsoni, Melanagromyza 112, 132*, 133 fuscula, Chromatomyia 354, 355, 356, 377, 378*, 379 glabra, Napomyza 159, 163, 164*, 177 fuscula superspecies, Chromatomyia 379 glabricola, Phytomyza 145, 154 glacialis, Ranunculus 22, 41 G Gladiolus 331, 336 Gaillardia 263, 308, 309, 313 Glaucium 22, SO Galegeae Ill, 123 Glechoma 204, 205, 207, 211 Galeola 333, 336 glechomae, Phytomyza 205, 207 galeolae, Melanagromyza 333, 334*, 336 Gliricidia 111, 117 Galeopsis 204,205,209,211,287 Globularia 214, 218 gaJii, Ophiomyia 233, 236 globulariae, Liriomyza 214, 218 gaJii, Paraphytomyza 234*, 235, 236 globulariae, Phytomyza 214, 218 galiivora, Liriomyza 234*,235,236 Gloriosa 329, 335, 396 Galinsoga 308, 315, 316 gloriosae, Tropicomyia 329, 330*, 335, 395 Galiomyza 77, 91, 235, 389, 392 Gluema 89, 94 Galium 77, 91, 233, 235, 236 Glyceria 355, 359 gallic a, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 349, 351 Glycine 111,119,121, 123 Gardenia 236 Glycininae 111, 119 Gardenieae 236 Glycirrhiza 112 Gaudinia 354 gnaphalii, Melanagromyza 270, 272*, 273, 274 Gazania 249 gnaphalii, Ophiomyia 270, 272*, 273 geniculata, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) 345, 347, 348*, gnaphalii, Phytomyza (= P. kyfThusana) 271, 400 351 Gnaphalium 270, 271, 273, 295, 313, 400 Genista 113, 139,404 Gnetatae IS genistae, Agromyza (= A. pulla) 139 Gnetopsida IS Genisteae 113, 135 Gnetum IS, 384 Genistinae Ill, 139 Gochnatiinae 256 Gentiana 180, 183, 185, 396 Gomphrena 63, 69 gentianae, Chromatomyia 180, 182*, 183, 396, 397, 405 gomphrenae, Haplopeodes (nom. nud.) 63, 69 Gentianales 179, 180,218, 233, 237, 247 Gonotroches 143, 154 gentianella, Chromatomyia 180, 182*, 183, 396 Goodenia 231, 233 gentii, Chromatomyia 180, 182*, 183, 396,405 gossypii, Melanagromyza (= Tropicomyia geological periods flacourtiae) 75 Albian 95, 322 Gossypium 75, 92 Carboniferous I, 6 Grabowskia 190, 192 Cretaceous 4, II, 15, 19,20, 35, 52, 59, 71, 89, 95, Gramineae 344 428 graminicola, Agromyza 356, 358*, 359 helichrysi, Ophiomyia 270, 273 graminivora, Agromyza (= A. penniseti) 363 helichrysivora, Liriomyza 271, 273 graminivora, Liriomyza 355, 356, 372*, 373 Helichrysum 263, 270, 271, 273, 295, 297, 400 Grammitis 5, 8 Helictrotrichon 354 Gratioleae 222, 224 Heliopsis 263, 311, 316, 398 Greenland ix heliotropii, Melanagromyza 196, 197*, 199 gregaria, Chromatomyia 238, 240, 241 * Heliotropioideae 196, 199 gregaria, Schistocera 107 Heliotropium 196,199,215 griffithsi, Phytomyza 212 Helleboreae 21, 27 griffithsiana, Chromatomyia 259, 265 hellebori, Phytomyza 21, 26*, 27 Grindelia 274, 281 Helleboroideae 21, 23 groschkei, Liriomyza 259, 262*, 263 Helleborus 21 Guadeloupe 11 Hemerocallis 329, 335 Guazuma 72, 92 hendeli, Agromyza 356, 359 gudmanni, Liriomyza 300*, 301, 303 hendeli, Phytomyza 21, 27, 28*, 50, 177 Guizotia 316 hendeliana, Paraphytomyza 238,239*,240,242 gujaratica, Pseudonapomyza 357, 375, 376* Hennig, Prof. W. 388 Gundelia 258 hennigi, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 354, 364, 367 Gymnophytomyza 235, 389, 392 Hepatica 22 Gymnospermae (gymnosperms) 16, 382, 384 Hepaticae 1, 2, 14, 261 Gymnosporia (= May tenus) 427 Hepaticites 1 gymnosporiae, Tropicomyia 145, 146*, 155 herac1eana, Phytomyza 160,169,173, ill, 176*, 177 gymnosporivora, Hexomyza 145, 146*, 155 herac1eiphaga, Phytomyza (ssp. of P. spondylii) 160, gymnostoma, Napomyza 325, 326*, 335, 392, 393 174*,175,178 Gynandropsis 83, 85, 385 herac1eivora, Ophiomyia 127, 140, 160, 163, 164*, 178 Gynura 293 Herac1eum x, 127, 140, 160, 163, 173, 175, 178, 307 gynurae, Melanagromyza 292*, 293, 293 Hering, Prof. E.M. x, 52, 173, 327, 388 Gypsophila 63 heringi, Liriomyza 147, 149*, 155 gypsophilae, Liriomyza 63, 69 heringi, Ophiomyia 229, 230*, 231, 232, 247, 259, 261, gyrans, Amauromyza 204, 230*, 231, 233 299,301, 321, 385 heringi, Paraphytomyza 214,219*,220 H heringiana, Phytomyza 102, 105*, 106 Hackelia 198, 199 Hesperis 85 Haemantheae 325, 335 heteroneura, Gymnophytomyza 235, 236, 237* haemanthi, Tropicomyia 325, 326*, 335, 336 Heteropteris 150, 156 Haemanthus 325, 335 Heterotheca 274, 277, 281, 285, 291, 315 Haematostaphis 150, 156 heterothecae, Melanagromyza (= Mel. virens) 274 Hainardieae 355 Heuchera 99, 101 Hamamelidae 52, 53, 382, 389 Hexabolus 17, 18 Hamamelidales 52, 53 Hexomyza 81, 145, 389, 390, 404 Hamamelidiflorae 52 Hibisceae 92 Hamamelis 53, 54 hibisci, Melanagromyza 72, 73*, 92 Hamelia 235, 236 Hibiscus 72, 92 Hamelieae 236 hicksi, Melanagromyza 72, 73*, 92 handlirschi, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 345, 351 hiemalis, Agromyza 54, 57, 58* Haploesthes 317 hiemalis, Phytomyza 301, 304*, 305 Haplomyza (= Haplopeodes) 277 hieracii, Liriomyza 259, 262*, 263 Haplopappus 274 hieracii, Ophiomyia 259, 261 Haplopeodes 67,185, 192,277,389,391,392 hieracii, Phytomyza (= P. rufescens) 259, 267 hasegawai, Phytomyza 293, 298* - Hieracium 253, 258, 259, 261, 263, 267, 283, 394 heatoni, Melanagromyza 292*, 293, 293, 394 hieracivora, Liriomyza 259, 262*, 263 hebae, Liriomyza 222, 224, 225* - Hierochloe 354 Hebe 88, 222, 224, 229 hilarella, Phytoliriomyza 5, 9*, 131, 338 Hedera 157 Hippocrepis 112, 127 Hedysareae 112, 125 Hirschfeldia 85 Heinsieae 236 hirtae, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 333, 350*, 351, 352, Helenieae 248, 307, 309 380 helenii, Liriomyza 308, 309, 310* hirticornis, Napomyza 230*, 231, 232, 251, 253 Helenium 263, 307, 308, 309, 309, 311 hispanica, Pseudonapomyza 357, 375 Heliantheae 247, 248, 263, 307, 309, 316 Histiopteris 5, 9, 11 Helian theae - Flaveriinae 248, 311, 316, 320 Holcus 354, 365, 377 helianthi, Liriomyza 313, 314*, 316 Holmskioldia 201, 203 helianthi, Melanagromyza (= Mel. viridis Frost) 313 Homogyne 293, 297 helianthi, Phytomyza 315, 316 homogyneae, Phytomyza 293,296*,297 Helianthus 263,270,291,307,311,313,315,316 hoppi, Phytomyza 274, 282*, 283 helichrysi, Liriomyza 271, 272*, 273 hoppiella, Chromatomyia ISO, 183, 184*, 396 429 hordei, Agromyza 356, 363 indigoferae, Kleinschmidtimyia 111,116*,117,123, Hordeum 356, 363, 365 329 horticola, Chromatomyia 22, SO, 53, 61, 62, 63, 69, 70, Indigofereae 111, 1l 7 75,77,79,85,86,92,93, Ill, 112, 113, 131, 133, infelix, Phytomyza 41,42* 139, 141, 148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, infuscata, Liriomyza 373 160, 169, 177, 178, 187, 190, 192, 193, 194, 196, 199, Ingeae 110, 115 201,203, 205, 211, 222,231, 232, 233, 244, 249,251. insignis, Liriomyza 317, 318*, 320 255,259, 265, 266*, 271, 273, 274, 281, 285, 289, integerrimi, Phytomyza 293, 296*, 297 290,291, 293, 297, 301, 305, 308, 309, 315, 316, 317, in termedia, Xeniomyza 67 319,320,325,335,379,382,383,384,385,405 intermittens, Agromyza 355, 356, 360*, 361 host preferences 306, 307 Inula 167, 270, 271, 273, 285, 395, 400 host selection (experiments) 100, 185, 196,218,246, Inu1eae 248, 270, 273 247,267, 289, 322, 381, 387, 399 inulico1a, Phytomyza (= P. facialis) 167 host specialization 393 inu1ivora, Melanagromyza 270, 272*, 273 host-specificity experiments 263, 390 invo1ucratae, Chromatomyia 238, 240 Hoya 180, 183 ipei, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 357, 365, 366*, 367 huidobrensis, Liriomyza 47, 63, 69, 78, 93, 112, 131, ipomaeae, Calycomyza 193, 194, 195* ISO, 153, 155, 157, 159, 190, 192, 244, 249, 259, 263, Ipomoea 193, 194 265,271,273,274,277,290,291,301,315,316,317, ipomoeaphaga, Calycomyza 193, 194, 195* 320, 325, 329, 335, 382, 383, 384, 384 ipomoeavora, Me1anagromyza 191*, 193, 194 humeraIis, Calycomyza 265, 274, 280*, 281, 309, 315, Ipomoeeae 193, 194 316 - ireos, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 331, 332*, 336 humeraIis group, Calycomyza 295 iridicola, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 331, 336 humilis, Phytomyza 22, 41, 42* iridis, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 331, 332*, 336 Humulus 53, 55 Iridoideae 331, 336 Hydrangea 97, 101 iridophora, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 331, 332*, 333, hydrangeae, Phytomyza 97, 101 336 Hydrastoideae 22 Iris 331, 322*, 336, 340 Hydrocoty1e 158, 159 isais, Phytomyza 222, 227, 228* Hydrocoty1oideae 158, 159 Isatis 85, 86 Hygrophila 215 Ischaemum (= Miscanthus) 357 Hymenocarpus 112, 125, 131 Isertieae 236 Hymenopappus 309 iso1ata, Agromyza 81, 82*, 93, 178 Hyoscyamus 192 Isopyreae 22, 43 hyperborea, Phytomyza 293, 298, 299 Isopyrinae 43 Hypericum 72 Isopyroideae 22, 43 Hypochoeris 259, 265 Iteadaphne 18, 19 Hypoestes 213, 215 Iva 316 hypoestis, Pseudonapomyza 213, 215, 217*, 397 Ixeridopsis 265 hypoestivora, Pseudonapomyza 213, 215 ixeridopsis, Chromatomyia 259, 265 hypophylla, Phytomyza 293, 298, 299 Ixioideae 331, 336 hyptidis, Ca1ycomyza 203,205, 209, 210*, 211 Ixoreae (= Coffeae) 236 Hyptis 203,205,209, 210* hyptisico1a, Ca1ycomyza 205,209,210*,211 J Hysterionica 274, 275 Jaboroseae 190, 192 Jacaranda 213,218,219* jacarandae, Phytoliriomyza 213,218,219* Iberis 85 jaceicaulis, Paraphytomyza 251, 253 igniceps, Agromyza 53, 55, 56* Japanagromyza 100, 139, 389, ~ Hex 95, 145, 154 japonica, Agromyza (ssp. of A. nigrescens) 152, 398 ilicicola, Phytomyza 145, 154 japonica, Phytomyza 259, 267, 274, 283, 301, 305, 306 ilicis group, Phytomyza 50, 405 Jasione 229,231 ilicis, Phytomyza 144*, 145, 154, 156 J asmineae 214, 221 ilicitensis, Xeniomyza 63, 66*, 67 jasmini, Paraphytomyza 214, 220*, 221 Illiciales 19, 20 J asminoideae 214, 221 Illicium 19, 20 Jasminum 214, 221 Imbricatae 213,215 Jaumea 317 imbuta, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 367, 368* javana, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 357, 370*, 371 imitans, Hap10myza (= L. betae) 398 Jensen 22 Impatiens 153, 157 - johannae, Agromyza 113, 135, 138*, 139, 178 improvisa, Napomyza 21,40*, 41, 402 johannae group, Agromyza 178 inaequaIis, Japanagromyza 111,122*,123 jucunda, Calycomyza 281 incisa, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 355, 356, 357, 367, jucunda, Phytomyza 144*, 145, 154 368*, 369 J uglandales 59 inconspicua, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 356, 367, 368*, 369 junci, Metopomyza 344, 351 Indigofera 111, 116, 117, 329 Juncus 344, 345, 351 430

Juniperoxylon 15 Laportea 54 Juniperus 15 lappae, Me1anagromyza 251,251,252*,253 Jurinea 251 lappae, Phytomyza 251, 254*, 255, 257, 258, 293 Justicia 213, 215, 397 lappivora, Ophiomyia 251, 253 justiciae, Pseudonapomyza 213,217*, 217, 397 lappivora, Phytomyza 251, 254*, 255 lapplandica, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 355, 367, K 368* Kadsura 19, 20 Lappula 199 Kalanchoe 99, 101 Lapsana 259,261,263,267 kalanchoes, Tropicomyia 97, 98*, 101 larissa, Liriomyza (= L. virgula) 7 Kallstroemia 152, 157 larval chromosomes 349 kalshoveni, Japanagromyza 146*, 147, 155 Laser 160, 175 kaltenbachi, Phytomyza 21.23, 32*, 33, 50 Laserpitieae 160, 177 katoi, Liriomyza 301, 303 Laserpitium 160, 163, 173, 177 kefi, Haplopeodes 187, 192 Lasia 337, 341 kenti, Liriomyza (= L. equiseti) 6 Lasiodiscus 148, 155 kenyensis, Melanagromyza 146*, 147, 155,319 lateralis, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 356, 367, 368* kevani, Phytomyza (ssp. of P. tussilaginis) 293, 298, lateralis, Napomyza 58, 150, 155,207,231,251, 253, 299 259, 265, 274, 281, 290, 291, 293.295, 301, 302*, kibunensis, Phytomyza 160, 172*, 173 305, 307, 386 kiefferi, Agromyza (= Hexomyza sp.) 404 lateralis group, Napomyza 35 Kigelia 213,218 lathyri, Agromyza 112, 127, 129* kisakai, Phytomyza 89, 90*, 94 lathyri, Liriomyza 112, 130*, 131, 140 Kitaibelia 92 lathyroides, Amauromyza 112, 130*, 131, 140 Kleinia 293, 295 Lathyrus 112, 123, 127, 131, 140 kleiniae, Liriomyza 293, 294*, 295 latifolii, Phytomyza 160, 176*, 177 Kleinschmidtimyia 117, 329, 389, 391 latigenis, Liriomyza 293, 294*, 295 kluanensis, Chromatomyia 245*, 246 latipalpis, Liriomyza 339*, 340, 341 Knautia 242, 244 Launaea 259, 265 knautiae, Ophiomyia (= O. longilingua) 242 Laurales 17, 18 Knowltonia 21.29 Laurasia 52 knowltoniae, Phytomyza 21.29, 31 * Laurus 18, 19 Koelreuteria 152, 156 Lavandula 205, 211 koizumii, Me1anagromyza Ill, 119, 123 Lavatera 75, 92 krygeri, Phytomyza 22. 43, 48* Lecythidales 71,75,92 kuscheli, Phytoliriomyza 5, 10*, 338 Lecythis 75, 92 kwansonis, Ophiomyia 328*, 329, 335 legitima, Ophiomyia 201 kyfThusana, Phytomyza 271, 272*, 273, 400 Legousia 231 Kyllinga 351 Leguminales 107 Lens 112, 131, 385 L leonotidis, Melanagromyza 204, 205, 206* labi, Tropicomyia Ill, 123 Leonotis 204, 205 labiatarum, Amauromyza 204, 205, 206*, 211, 222, 231 Leontodon 259, 261, 265, 267 labiatarum, Ophiomyia 204, 205, Leontopodium 263, 271, 273,400 Lablab Ill, 121, 123 leon uri, Amauromyza 204, 205, 206*, 211, 249, 321 Labordia ISO, 185 Leonurus 204,205,211 laburnifoliae, Tropicomyia 113, 135, 139, 405 Lepechinia 205, 209 Laburnum 113, 127, 139 lepidii, Liriomyza 85, 86, 87*, 91 Lactuca 259, 263, 265, 267, 313, 399 Lepidium 83, 85, 86 lactuca, Chromatomyia 259, 265 266* Lepidoptera vii Lactuceae 247,248,258,259, 321, 390, 395 butterflies 381 Lactucoideae 258, 285 cardui, Cynthia 381 LaeJia 333, 336 claudia, Euptoieta 381 Lagerstroemia 143, 153 lavinia, Precis 381 Lagurus 354 moths 381 Lallemantia 204, 205, 211 Nymphalidae 381 Lamarkia 355 Papilionidae 388 Lamiales 194 leptargyreae, Chromatomyia 141, 153 lamii, Amauromyza 204,205, 249, 320 Leptureae 357 Lamioideae 203,205 Lepturus 357 Lamium 204, 205, 211 leucanthemi, Phytomyza 301, 304*, 306 lanati, Phytomyza 160, 175, 176* Leucanthemum 270, 285, 301, 305, 306 Lannea 150, 156 Levisticum 160, 175 Lantana 201, 202* Liabeae 247 lantanae, Calycomyza 201, 209 libanotidis, Phytomyza 160, 169, 171 * lantanae, Ophiomyia 201 Libanotis (= Seseli) 160, 169 431

Ligularia 258, 293 lupiniphaga, Liriomyza 113, 135, 137*, 139, 140 ligusticifoliae, Phytomyza 21, 33, 36* lupinivora, Phytomyza 113, 139 Ligusticum 169 Lupinus 113, 135, 140 Ligustrum 214 lutea, Liriomyza 160, 231, 233 Liliacidites 322 luteiceps, Amauromyza 62, 64, 204 Lilirues 323, 324, 329, 335 luteiceps, Phytomyza (= P. flavicomis) 59, 400 Liliidae 322, 323, 344 luteifrons, Agromyza 113, 139 Liliiflorae 322, 323, 335, 389 1uteitarsis, Agromyza 356, 360*, 361 Liliopsida 322 1uteoscutellata, Paraphytomyza 238,239*, 240 Lilium 329, 335 Luzula 344, 345, 351 limata, Melanagromyza 160, 162*, 163 1uzu1ae, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 345, 346*, 351 Limonia 152, 156 1uzu1ae, Chromatomyia 345, 346*, 351 Linrues 148, 155 1uzulae superspecies, Chromatomyia 345, 377 Linaria 222 1yalli, Napomyza 21, 40*, 41, 402 Lindera 18, 19 Lychnis 63 Lindheimera 313, 316 Lycieae 187, 190, 192 Linnaea 238, 242 Lycium 190, 192 linnaeae, Chromatomyia 238, 241 *, 242 lycivora, Hap1opeodes (nom. nud.) 190, 192 Linum 150, 155 Lycopersicon 187, 192 Lipochaeta 316 lycopi, Phytomyza 205, 207 Lippia 201, 215 Lycopsis 198, 199 lippiae, Ophiomyia 201, 202* Lycopus 204,205,207,209,211 Liquidambar 53, 54 1ygophaga, Agromyza (= A. rubitarsis) 81 Liriomyza 4, 8, 17, 18, 20, 50, 77, 108, 139, 158, 177, Lysimachia 91 235,247,299,321, 323, 342, 373, 384, 389, 390, ~ Liriomyza sp. 93,101,190, 192,201,214,217,218, M 229, 230*, 231, 257, 258, 273, 279*, 287, 289, 308, Maba 89,94 309,310*,313,315,316,319,320,329,335,337, Macaranga 145, 148, 155 341, 343*, 344, 351 macminni, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 347, 348*, 351, 371, Lissochilus (= Eu1ophia) 336, 395 380 Lithospermeae 198, 199 macu1osa, Amauromyza 131, 140, 251, 259, 261, 271, lithospemli, Agromyza 199, 199 273, 274,275, 278*, 287, 289, 290, 291, 293, lithospermi, Phytomyza 198, 199 295,301, 308, 309, 313, 316, 317, 320 Lithospermum 196, 199, 199 Madia 309 Litsea 18, 19 Madieae 248, 309 Loasa 79,93 madizina, Ophiomyia (= O. nasuta) 261 Lobelia 229 madrilena, Amauromyza 204, 205, 206*, 211 Lobelioideae 229 Maesa 89, 94 loewii, Phytomyza 21, 33, 34* magnicornis, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 351, 352, 380 lolii, Liriomyza 355, 374*, 375 Magnolia 17, 18 Lolium 355, 375 Magno1iales 17, 18, 71 lomatii, Melanagromyza 160, 163, 164*, 390 Magnoliidae 17, 18, 52, 95, 382, 389 Lomatium 160, 163, 390 Magnoliillorae 323 longicauda, Calycomyza 74*, 75, 92 Magnoliophyta 382 longilingua, Ophiomyia 242, 243*, 244 Maianthemum 330*, 331, 335 longipennis, Cerodontha (lcteromyza) 345, 346*, 351 Majorana 205, 211 Lonicera 237, 238, 238 majuscula, Calycomyza 293, 294*, 295 lonicerae, Chromatomyia 238,240,241* malayensis, Melanagromyza 193 lonicerina, Paraphytomyza 238, 239*, 240, 242 ma1ayensis, Pseudonapomyza 356, 375, 376* loniceroides, Paraphytomyza 238, 240, 241 * Ma1colmia 85 lopesi, Haplopeodes 187, 192 male genitalia x, 251 loranthi, Japanagromyza 143, 154 mallochi, Melanagromyza 285, 286*, 289 Loranthus 143, 154 mallorcensis, Phytomyza (= Napomyza c1ematidis) Lord Howe Island 277, 281, 390, 399 29 Loteae 112, 125 Mallotus 147, 155 Lotus 112, 125 Ma10ideae 100, 102, 104, 106 lucens, Paraphytomyza 235, 236 Malopeae 92 lucida, Agromyza 354, 355, 359, 361, 364 Malus 102, 106 luctuosa, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 333, 345, 346*, 351 Malva 75,92 Luehea 72, 91 ma1vaceivora, Agromyza 75, 92 Luffa 79,93, 190, 385 ma1vae, Calycomyza 74*, 75, 92, 113, 140 lugentis, Phytomyza 293, 298, 299 malvae group, Calycomyza 315 lupinella, Liriomyza 113, 135, 137*, 139 Malva1es 52, 71, 72, 91, 145 lupini, Liriomyza 113, 135, 137* Malveae 92 lupini, Phytomyza 113, 137*, 139 mamonowi, Paraphytomyza 85, 86, 88 Lupininae 113, 135 Maniliot 148, 155 432

Marah 79,93 metallica, Melanagromyza 270, 285, 286*, 289, 317, Marattia 5, 8 320 Marattiales 5 metaplecicola, Paraphytomyza 180,181*, 183 Marattiopsis 8 Metaplexis 180, 183 Marchantiales 2 Metopomyza 14, 77, 323, 338, 344, 347, 389, 391 marcida, Calycomyza (ssp. of Cal. artemisiae) 303 Meum 159, 169 marellii, Melanagromyza 63, 66*, 67 Mez 52 marginalis, Liriomyza 211, 215, 356, 357, 373, 374* miamensis, Me1anagromyza 333, 334*, 336 marginalis, Napomyza 21, 38, 39* Microdesmis 145, 155 marginella, Phytomyza 175, 259, 266*, 267 micraglossae, Liriomyza 274, 277, 279* marinensis, Me1anagromyza 251, 251, 252*, 253 Microsorium 5 marionae, Agromyza 112, 127 Mikania 286*, 287, 289 maritima, Napomyza 301, 303 mikaniae, Calycomyza 288*, 289 Markhamia 213 mikaniae, Liriomyza (= L. prostrata) 287 Marrubium 204, 205 Mikaniopsis (= Cissampelopsis) 293 Marsdenia 180 mikaniovora, Liriomyza 286*, 287, 289 martini, Melanagromyza 54, 57 Milichiidae 388 matopi, Pseudonapomyza 213,215,217* milii, Chromatomyia 356, 377, 378*, 405 Matricaria 299, 301, 306, 307 milii superspecies, Chromatomyia 377 matricariae (nom. nud.), Liriomyza 301, 303, 307 Milium 356, 377, 386 matricariae, Phytomyza (= P. pullula) 306 millefolii, Liriomyza (= L. ptarmicae) 303 matricarioides, Melanagramyza 299, 300*, 301 milleri, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 365, 366* Matthiola 85 Mimoseae 110, lIS maura, Ophiomyia 274, 275, 276*, 285, 329 Mimosoideae 107, 110, 113, 115, 139 Maurandia 222 mimuli, Chromatomyia 194, 194,222, 223*, 224, 229, mayeri, Ptochomyza 21,29, 32*, 327, 393, 403 386 May tenus 145, 155 Mimulus 222, 224, 229 medicaginis, Phytomyza (= P. symphyti) 133 minima, Melanagromyza 285, 289, l!l., 312*, 316 Medicago 112, 119, 127, 131, 133 minimoides, Melanagromyza 57, 274, 308, 309, 311, Megaceras 1, 2 312*,316,317,331,397 megalopsis, Agromyza 356, 358*, 359 minor, Calycomyza 274, 281 melampyga, Phytoliriomyza 151*,153,157 minuscula, Phytomyza 22, 43, 47, 48*, 50 melampyri, Phytomyza (= P. flavofemorata) 227 minutus, Haplopeodes 63, 69, 190 Melampyrum 221, 222, 227 miranda, Me1anagromyza 196, 197*, 198, 199 melana, Phytomyza 160, 169, 170* Miscanthus 357 Melanagromyza 23, 67, 91, 139, 145, 154, 177, 229, 242, Mitella 99, 101 258, 299, 323, 327, 333, 384, 389, 390, l2.!. mitellae, Chromatomyia 99, 101 melanagromyzae, Ophiomyia 147 Mitragyna 236 melandricaulis, Ophiomyia 63, 69, 229, 233 mobilis, Agromyza 356, 359 Melandrium 63, 69, 229 Moehringia 63, 229 melandryi, Ophiomyia 63,68*, 69 Molinia 356 Melanthera 311, 313, 315, 316 Mollinedia 18, 19 melantherae, Calycomyza 314*, 315, 316 Molucella 205,211 melantherae, Liriomyza 313, 314*, 316 Momordica 78, 93 Melastoma 143, 154 momordicae, Tropicomyia 78, 93 Melia 151, 156 Monarda 205, 209 Melica 355 Monardella 205, 209 melicae, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 355, 367 mOnfa1conensis, Amauromyza 63, 68*, 70, 204 Meliceae 355 Monoc1ea 2, 3 Melicytus 77, 92 Monocotyledons 322, 384, 389 Melilotus 112,119,133 monophagy 381, 384 Melissa 205, 207 monori, Phytomyza 259, 267 Melittis 204, 205 montana, Phytomyza 251, 254*, 255 mellita, Agramyza 362*, 363 Moquilea 53, 55 mellita, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349, 350*, 351 Moricandia 85 Melochia 72, 92 Morinda 235, 236 Melothria 78, 93 Morindeae 236 Mentha 204, 205, 207, 209, 211 Moringa 86 menthae, Calycomyza 205,209, 210* morio, Galiomyza 77, 234*, 235, 236 Mentzelia 79, 93 morionella, Amauromyza 204, 205, 206* Mercurialis 155 morivora, Agromyza 53, 56*, 57 Mertensia 198, 199 morasa, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 350*, 351, 352 mertensiae, Phytomyza 198, 199 moras a superspecies, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 352 merula, Chromatomyia 141, 142*, 153 Morus 53, 157 mesnili, Phytoliriomyza 2, 3 Mucuna Ill, 119 Mespilus 102, 106 Mulgedium (= p.p. Cicerbita, p.p. Lactuca) 259, 265, 433

267 nietzkei, Liriomyza 325, 326*, 335 multifidae, Phytomyza 21, 27, 30* Nigella 21, 27 multifidi, Phytomyza 22, 41, 44* nigra, Chromatomyia 354, 355, 356, 357, 377, 378*, Mundu1ea 110, 117 379 mundu1eae, Agromyza 110, 117 nigra superspecies, Chromatomyia 379 Murraya 152, 156 nigrella, Agromyza 354,355,356, 358*, 359, 361, 364 Musci 1 nigrescens, Agromyza 151*,152,157,178,398 muscina, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 355, 356, 367, nigriceps, Napomyza 205, 206*, 207, 211 368*, 369 nigricoxa, Phytomyza 21, 29, 30* Mussaenda 236 nigrifemur, Agromyza (= A. rondensis) 359 Mutellina (= p.p. Meum) 169 nigrilineata, Chromatomyia 238, 240 mutellinae, Phytomyza 159, 169, 170* nigripennis, Phytomyza 21, 27, 28* Mutisieae 247, 248, 256, 257, 258 nigripes, Agromyza 354, 355,359 Mutisieae - Barnadesiinae 247, 258 nigripes group, Agromyza 353 Mutisieae sensu stricto 258 nigrissima, Chromatomyia 377, 379 Mutisiinae 257 nigritula, Napomyza 21, 38, 39*, 50 Myagrum 85 nigrociliata, Agromyza 356, 359, 360* Mycelis 259,261, 263, 267 nishijimai, Phytomyza 143, 144*, 154 mycelis, Liriomyza (= L. puella) 263 niveipennis, Agromyza (= A. ambigua) 359 mylini, Phytomyza 159, 160, 167, 169, 171 *, 173, 177 Non-Angiosperms 389 Mylinum (= Selinum) 160, 169 Nonea 198, 199 Myoporum 214,218 nordica, Chromatomyia (ssp. of Chr. castillejae) 222 myosotica, Phytomyza 198, 199 nordica, Liriomyza 7*, 8 myosotidis, Agromyza 198, 199 norwegica, Chromatomyia 354, 355, 377 Myosotis 198 Notaphoebe 18, 19 Myosurus 22, 43 notata, Phytomyza 22, 41, 42*, 400 Myristica 17, 18 notata group, Phytomyza 41 Myrrhidendron 160, 175 Nothofagus 59 Myrrhis 159, 165 Noumina ISO, 156 Myrsine 89, 94 novitzkyi, Phytomyza 21, 29, 32* myrsinitae, Liriomyza 147, 149*, 155 nowakowskiana, Phytomyza 198, 199 Myrtales 141, 153 nudifolii, Me1anagromyza 270, 272*, 273 Nuphar 20 N Nyctantheae 201 Najadales 337, 340 Nyctanthes 201 nana, Agromyza 112, 125, 127, 133, 134* Nymphaea1es 20, 324, 337 nannodes, Phytomyza (= P. plantaginis) 212 Napomyza 23, 50, 205, 259, 389, 392, 393 o Napomyza group 389, 392 obscura, Amauromyza 112, 125, 126*, 131, 139 narcissiflorae, Phytomyza 21, 29 obscura group, Phytomyza 199, 207 Nardeae 355 obscura, Phytomyza 205, 207, 208* Nardus 355 obscurata, Liriomyza 96*, 97, 101 Nassauviinae 256 obscurella group, Phytomyza 165, 167, 169, 175, 178 nasuta, Ophiomyia 259,260*,261 obscurella, Phytomyza 159, 167, 168* natalensis, Phytomyza 22, 41, 45* obtusa, Me1anagromyza Ill, 121, 123, 124*, 404 Nauclea 237 occellaris, Agromyza (= A. rondensis) 359 Naucleeae 237 occipitalis, Liriomyza 5, 6, 7* Nearctic Region 108, 361, 365, 369 ocimi,Ophiomyia 205,209,210* Nectandra 18, 19 ocimivora, Ophiomyia 205, 209, 210* Nemorimyza 389, 390 Ocimum 205, 209, 211 Neolitsea 18, 19 Ocotea 18, 19 neotropica, Me1anagromyza 317, 318*, 320 Odiniidae 388 Neotropical Region 108, 361, 365, 369 Odontites 221, 222, 227 Nepenthales 71 Oenanthe 159, 169, 258 Nepeta 204, 205, 211 oenanthes, Phytomyza 159, 169, 170* nepetae group, Phytomyza 199,203,207,211 oenanthica, Phytomyza 159, 169 nepetae, Phytomyza 205, 207, 208* oenanthoides, Phytomyza 159, 169, 170* Nepetoideae 203, 204, 205, 207 Oenothera 141, 154 Nephrolepis 6, 13, 384 okazakii, Cerodontha (Poemyza) (= Cer. (Po.) nervi, Chromatomyia 238, 240 incisal 367 Neslia 86 Olea 214 Newbouldia 213 01earia 274, 274, 277 nibletti, Melanagromyza 160, 163, 164* oleariae, Liriomyza 274, 277, 279* Nicandra 190, 192 oleariana, Liriomyza 274,277, 279* Nicandreae 190, 192 01eeae 214, 220 Nicotiana 190, 192, 385 01eoideae 214, 220 434 oligophaga, Melanagromyza 251, 253, 258, 259, 260*, Palaeophytobia 79, 389 267, 299, 301, 394 Palava 92 oligophagy 198, 381, 384, 386 Pallavicinia 1 01mediopsis 53 Pallavicinites 1 Omphalodes 198, 199 Pallenis 271, 273 Onobrychis 112, 125 palliatus, Haplopeodes 63 ononidis, Ophiomyia 112, 132*, 133 pallidifrons, Agromyza 357, 361, 362*, 363 Ononis 112, 131, 133 pampeana, Phytomyza 21, 35, 37* Onopordum 251, 255 panacis, Melanagromyza 157, 159, 161 * Onoseris 258 Panax 157, 159 opacae, Phytomyza 145, 154 Paniceae 357 opacella, Chromatomyia 355, 356, 378*, 379 panici, Agromyza 357, 362*, 363 opacella superspecies, Chromatomyia 379 Panicoideae 352, 357, 364 Ophiomyia 20, 190, 242, 323, 327, 384, 389, 390, 121. paniculatae, Phytomyza 33, 36* Ophiomyia group 1 261 Panicum 357, 361, 363, 375 Ophiomyia group 2 261 papae, Phytoliriomyza 187, 188*, 192 Ophiomyia sp. 22,63,69, 85,86,271, 274, 275, Papaver 22, 47, 50 289, 308, 309 Papaverales 22,47, 50 Oplismenus 357, 362*, 363 Papilionoideae 107, 110, 139 Opostegidae 59 papuensis, Agromyza 357, 363 Opuntia 62, 64 Parabenzoin (= Lindera) 18 orbiculata, Ophiomyia 112, 127, 128*, 140, 163, 178 paraciliata, Chromatomyia 301, 305 orbitalis, Paraphytomyza 238, 239*, 240 Paraphytomyza 81, 91, 100,233,235, 237, 238, 242, orbitona, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 357, 369, 370* 389, 392 orbona, Liriomyza 354,355, 372*, 373 Parietaria 54 Orchid ales 333 Parietarieae 54 orchidearum, Me1anagromyza 333, 336 Parinarium 102, 104 oreas, Phytomyza 309, 309 Parkia 110, 115 orientalis, Phytomyza 21, 35, 37*, 51 Parkieae 110, 115 Oriental Region 108, 363, 365, 371 Parthenium 313, 316 origani, Phytomyza 205, 207 parvicella, Phytomyza 22, 47, 51 * Origanum 205, 207, 211 parvicornis, Agromyza 357, 360*, 361 Orlaya 159, 165 parvula, Japanagromyza 113, 135, 136*, 139 ornata, Metopomyza 323, 338, 339*, 341, 393 pascuum, Liriomyza 147, 149*, 155 Ornithopus 112, 127 Paspalum 357, 373 Orobanche 214, 221 Passiflora 78, 93, 117 orobanchia, Phytomyza 214, 220*,221 passiflorae, Melanagromyza (= Tropicomyia orobi, Agromyza 112, 127, 129* flacourtiae) 78 orphana, Paraphytomyza 235, 236, 237* Pastinaca 160, 163, 175 Ortalidae 388 pastinacae, Phytomyza 160, 175, 176*, 177 Oryza 354, 363, 369 Patrinia 246, 303 oryzae, Agromyza 354, 359, 360*, 363, 364 pauliloewii, Phytomyza 160,169,171* Oryzeae 354, 359, 371 Pavetta 237 oryzivora, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 369, 370*, 371, Pavetteae 237 398 pedestris, Liriomyza 354, 373, 374* Osmorhiza 159, 165, pedicularicaulis, Phytomyza 222, 227, 228* osmorhizae, Phytomyza 159, 165, 166* pedicularidis, Phytomyza 222, 227, 228* Ostrya 54, 61 pedicularifolii, Phytomyza 222, 227, 228* Othonna 293 Pedicularis 221, 222, 227 ovalis, Phytomyza 198, 199, 200* Pelargonium 152 ovimontis, Phytomyza 274, 284 Pe1taria 86 oviposition 390 Penetagromyza 389, 390 Oxalis 151*,153, 157 Penetagromyza group 389, 390 Oxystigma 110, 113 penicilla, Phytomyza 259, 267 oxytropidis, Phytomyza 112, 125, 126*, 140 penniseti, Agromyza 357, 362*, 363 Oxytropis 112, 125 pennisetivora, Agromyza 357, 362*, 363 oycoviensis, Agromyza (= A. nigrescens) 152, 398 Pennisetum 357, 363 Oyedaea 311, 315, 316 Penstemon 222, 224 penstemonella, Phytomyza 222, 224 p penstemonis, Phytomyza 222,223*, 224 Pachypodium ISO, 180 Pentaglottis (= Anchusa) 199 Paederia 233, 236 Peperomyia 18, 20 paederiae, Hexomyza 233,234*, 236 peregrini, Phytomyza 274, 283, 284 Paederieae 236 Perezia 257, 258 Paeonia 71 pereziae, Liriomyza 257, 258 Palaearctic Region 108, 357, 364, 367 periclymeni, Chromatomyia 238, 240, 241 * 435 peric1ymeni group, Chromatomyia 240 143, 145, 148, ISO, lSI, 152, 153, 190, 192,200,201, Peristrophe 213, 217 205,207,213,214,217,220,235,236,237,238,275, persica, Liriomyza Il2, 130*, 131 311, 316, 389, 390 persicae, Phytomyza 102, 104, 105* Phytobia group 389, 390 Petasites 258, 293, 295, 297, 298, 299 phytochemistry petasiti, Phytomyza (ssp. of P. tussilaginis) 293, 298, alkaloids 17, 179, 229 299 anthocyanines 62 petiolaris, Phytomyza 198, 199 Apiaceae 158, 320 petoei group, Phytomyza 203, 207, 211 aporphine alkaloids 17 petoei, Phytomyza 205, 207, 208* Arnica 308 Petroselinum 160, 163 Asteraceae 158, 320 Petteria 113, 139 Asterales 320 Petunia 190, 192 benzylisoquinoline 17 Peucedaneae 160, 173 betalains 62 peucedani, Phytomyza 160, 175, 176* carbamates 385 Peucedanum 160, 163, 175 Caryophyllidae 62 peullae, Liriomyza 374*, 375 chlorinated hydrocarbons 385 Pfaffia 63, 67, 68* Cooper-Driver 4 pfaffia group, Ophiomyia 147 Cyperaceae 344 pfaffiae,Ophiomyia 63, 67, 68*, 401 ellagic acid 141 Phacelia 194, 195*, 224 Frohne and Jensen x, 52, 62, 95, 153, 158, 233 phaceliae, Phytomyza 194, 195 * Gentianaceae 183 phalangites, Phytomyza 194, 195*, 274, 282*, 283 Gentianales 179 phalangites superspecies, Phytomyza 283, 284 glycosides 153, 179 phalaridis, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 355, 368*, 369 Hamamelidae 52 Phalaris 355, 369 iridoid compounds 179, 183, 193 Phaseoleae HI, 119 isoquinoline alkaloids 17 phaseoli, Japanagromyza HI, 123, 124* latex 258, 321 phaseoli,Ophiomyia Ill, 119, 121, 122*, 135 lectines 145 Phaseolinae Ill, 121 - Lobelia 229 phaseolivora, Melanagromyza Ill, 120 *, 121 Magnoliidae 17 phaseoloides,Ophiomyia Ill, 122*, 123 myricetin 52 Phaseolus Ill, 119, 121, 123, 135 myrosin 82 phellandrii, Phytomyza 159, 169, 258 Onagraceae 141 Phellodendron 152, 156 organophosphates 385 Phenax 54, 57 Papaverales 50 philactaeae, Phytomyza (= P. kaltenbachi) 21,23 Penncap 385 phil adelphi, Liriomyza 97, 101 permethrin 385 philadelphivora, Liriomyza 96*, 97, 101 Pit tosporaceae 95 Philade1phus 97, 101 Poaceae 344 philippinensis, Pseudonapomyza 357, 375 Polemoniales 320 Phillyrea 214, 220 polyacetylenes 231 phillyreae, Phytomyza 214, 220* polyphenols 52 philoc1ematidis, Phytomyza 21, 33 proanthocyanins 141 philocroton, Tropicomyia 147, 155, 405 prode1phinidin 52 philoxeri, Haplopeodes 63, 69 pyrethroids 385 Philoxerus 63, 69 Rosidae 52 Phleum 355 serum diagnosis 43, 52, 388 Phlomis 204, 205 tannins 52, 141 Phlox 194, 194 terpenoids 183 Phoebe 18, 19 triterpine-saponins 62 Pholiurus 355 Tropaeolum 153 Phragmites 356, 357, 358*, 359, 361, 365, 369 tropan-alkaloids 193 phragmitidis, Agromyza 356, 359 Phytoliriomyza 3,8,10, 11,14,117,192,196,261, phragmitidis, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 356, 368*, 369 323, 338, 389, 12..!., 393 phragmitophila, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 356, 365, Phytoliriomyza sp. a 2* 367 Phytoliriomyza sp. b 2* phryne, Liriomyza 355, 356, 373, 374* Phytoliriomyza group 389, 391 Phyla (= Lippia) 201 Phytomyza 17, 20, 23, 50, 95, 100, 131, 145, 158, 163, Phylli tis 6, 13 177, 190, 196,221,235,246, 247, 28~ 289, 291, 29~ Physalis 187, 192 299,306,308,315,321,384,388,389, 392,405 Phytagromyza, sg., Cerodontha 371 Phytomyza sp. 20, 21,22, 33, 36*, 160, 175, 205, 251, Phyteuma 231 258, 259, 271, 273, 289, 293 Phytobia 15,17, 18,19,52,53,54,59,61,70,71,72, Phytomyzinae 390 75,77,79,88,89,91,91, 92,93,94,97, 100, 101, Phytomyzites 59 102, 104, 107, 108, 109, 110, Ill, 113, lIS, 139, 141, Picea IS 436

Picridium (= Reichardia) 259 plant families continued picridocecis, Phytomyza 259, 266*, 267 Basellaceae 63, 69, 382 Picris 258, 259, 265, 267, 394 Betulaceae 52, 54, 59, 61, 100, 107, 390 pieninica, Phytomyza 274, 283 Bignoniaceae 213,217,383 piliseta, Cerodontha (lcteromyza) 347, 348*, 351 Boraginaceae 196, 199, 207, 244, 383 pilosella, Phytoliriomyza 261, 30 I Brassicaceae 82, 85, 153, 307, 382 Pime1ea 141, 154, 329 • Bromeliaceae 340 Pimpinella 160, 163, 175 Buddlejaceae 214,218 pimpinellae, Phytomyza 160, 169, 171*, 177 Burseraceae 151, 156 Pinatae 15, 389 Butomaceae 337, 341 pinguis, Ophiomyia 249, 259, 260*, 261 Cactaceae 62, 64 Pinophyta 15 • Caesalpiniaceae 107 Pinus 15 Calycanthaceae 18, 19 Piper 18, 19 • Calyceraceae 247 Piperales 18, 19 Campanulaceae 229, 231, 247, 307, 383, 385, 392 piperi, Tropicomyia 18, 19 Cannabaceae 53, 382 Piptadenia llO, 115 Capparaceae 82, 83, 85, 88, 382 Piqueria 289 Caprifoliaceae 82, 233, 235, 237, 238, 242, 244, 246, Piriqueta 78, 92 383 pisi group, Kleinschmidtimyia 141 Caryophyllaceae 63, 382 pisi, Kleinschmidtimyia ll2, 127, 128*, 133, 329 Celastraceae 143, 145, 154 pisivora, Liriomyza Il2, 130*, 131 Chenopodiaceae 62, 64, 263, 307, 382 Pisum ll2, 127, 131, 140, 265, 307, 329, 385 Cistaceae 77, 92 pittodes, Agromyza 63, 68*, 70 Combretaceae 141, 143, 153, 383 pittosporocaulis, Phytoliriomyza 95, 96*, 97, 101 Commelinaceae 342, 351 pittosporophylli, Phytoliriomyza 96*, 97, 101 Compositae (Asteraceae) 107,247 Pittosporum 95, 101 Convolvulaceae 193, 194, 383 placita, Phytomyza 41 Cornaceae 143, 154, 158, 237 plagiata, Paraphytomyza 238, 242 Crassulaceae 20, 50, 97, 101 plant families (Families which are not hosts Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) 85, 263 to Agromyzidae are marked by a solid square) Cucurbitaceae 78, 93, 307, 382, 385 Acanthaceae 213, 214, 375 Cupressaceae 15 Aceraceae 150, 156, 390 Cuscutaceae 193, 194 Achariaceae 78, 93 Cyatheaceae 5, II Actinidiaceae 72, 91, 382 Cyperaceae 322, 333, 338, 342, 344, 347, 351, 380 Adiantaceae 5 Davalliaceae 6, 13, 382 Agavaceae 335 Dennstaedtiaceae 5, 9 Alangiaceae 143, 154, 383 Dianellaceae 329 • Alismataceae 337 Dioscoreaceae 235, 324, 335, 337, 384 Alliaceae 325, 335, 384 Dipsacaceae 82, 237, 242, 244, 383 • Aloeaceae 327, 335 • Drupaceae 100 Alstroemeriaceae 329, 335, 384 Dryopteridaceae 6, II, 13 Amaranthaceae 63, 64, 67, 375, 382 Ebenaceae 89, 94 Amaryllidaceae 325, 335 • Ehretiaceae 196 • Amygdalaceae 100 Elaeagnaceae 140, 141, 153 Anacardiaceae 150, 156, 383 Equisetaceae 5, 6, 392 Angiopteridaceae 5, 8 Ericaceae 88, 93 Annonaceae 17, 18 Erythroxylaceae 148, 155 Anthocerotaceae 2 Euphorbiaceae 145, 148, 155, 383 Apiaceae 20, 50, 95, 140, 157, 158, 159, 320, 383, Fabaceae (Leguminosae) 107, 145, 307, 329, 357 388, 402 Fagaceae 54, 59, 140, 390 Apocynaceae 179, ISO, 383 Flacourtiaceae 75, 77, 78, 92, 382 Aquifoliaceae 20, 50, 143, 154, 178, 383, 388 Gentianaceae 179, 180, 183,233,242,383,396 Araceae 322, 337, 341, 384 Geraniaceae 152, 157 Araliaceae 157, 158, 159 Gesneriaceae 214, 218 Aristolochiaceae 18, 20, 324, 382 Globulariaceae 214, 218 Asc1epiadaceae 179, 180, 383 Gnetaceae IS, 382 Asparagaceae 325, 335, 391 Goodeniaceae 229, 231, 233 Asphodelaceae 327, 335 Grammitidaceae 5, 8 • Aspidiaceae 11, 13 Grossulariaceae 97, 101 Aspleniaceae 6, II, 13 Guttiferae 72, 91 Asteraceae 50, 140, 147, 158, 163, 178, 232, 247, Hamamelidaceae 53 320, 375, 383, 385, 392 • Heliotropiaceae 196 • Athyriaceae 13 Hemerocallidaceae 329, 335, 391 Balsaminaceae 152, 153, 157 Hydrangeaceae 97, 101, 383 • Barringtoniaceae 75 • Hydrocharitaceae 340 437 plant families continued Portulacaceae 63 HydrophyUaceae 194, 194, 196, 383 Primulaceae 89, 94, 382 Illiciaceae 19, 20 • Proteaceae 140 Iridaceae 329, 331, 333, 336, 384 Punicaceae 143, 154 J ug1andaceae 54 Ranunculaceae 17,20,21,50,62,71,95, 140, 153, Juncaceae 322, 338, 344, 345, 351, 391 177, 178, 307, 327, 337, 382, 385, 392, 402 Juncaginaceae 340, 341 Resedaceae 82, 86, 88, 382 Lamiaceae 20, 196, 199,203,205,307, 383 • Restionaceae 352 Lardizabalaceae 22, 47 Rhamnaceae 148, 155, 383 Lauraceae 18, 19 Rhizophoraceae 143, 154 Lecythidaceae 75, 92, 382 Ricciaceae 2 Leguminosae (Fabaceae) 95, 107, 108, llO, 153, Rosaceae 52, 61, 95, 100, 101, 107, 140, 307, 357, 163, 177, 263, 381, 383, 385 383, 385, 390 • Lemnaceae 337 Rubiaceae 82, 233, 236, 237, 244, 383 • Lennoaceae 196 Rutaceae 152, 156, 383 Liliaceae 307, 324, 327, 329, 333, 335 Salicaceae 61, 71, 75, 79, 93, 100, 382, 390 Unaceae 148, 155, 383 • Sambucaceae 238 Loasaceae 79, 93, 382 Santalaceae 143, 154 • Lobeliaceae 232, 247, 383 Sapindaceae 108, 152, 156, 383 Loganiaceae 179, 180, 185,218,383 Sapotaceae 89, 94 Loranthaceae 143, 154 Saxifragaceae 97, 99, 101, 380, 383 Lythraceae 143, 153 Schisandraceae 19, 20 Magnoliaceae 17, 18 Scrophulariaceae 185, 221, 222, 307, 383 • Malaceae 100 Smilacaceae 324, 335, 384 Malpighiaceae 150, 156, 383 Solanaceae 51, 185, 192,263, 307, 383, 385, 390 Malvaceae 72, 92, 140, 145, 382 • Spigeliaceae 185 Marattiaceae 5 Staphyleaceae 152, 156 Marchantiaceae 2 Sterculiaceae 72, 92, 382 Me1astomataceae 143, 154 Styracaceae 89, 94, 382 Meliaceae 151, 156 Symplocaceae 89, 94, 382 Menispermaceae 22,47, 382 Theaceae 71, 91, 382 • Mimosaceae 107 • Theligonaceae 233 Monimiaceae 18, 19, 382 • Thurniaceae 344 Moraceae 53, 55, 382 Thymeleaceae 141, 143, 154, 383 Moringaceae 82, 86, 382 Tiliaceae 72, 91 Myoporaceae 214,218, 383 Tropaeolaceae 88, 152, 153, 157, 307, 383, 385 Myristicaceae 17, 18 Turneraceae 78, 92, 382 Myrsinaceae 89, 94, 382 Typhaceae 307, 340, 341, 384 Myrtaceae 141, 143, 154, 383 Ulmaceae 52, 53, 54 • Nephrolepidaceae 13 Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) 157, 158, 159 Nyctaginaceae 62, 64, 382 Urticaceae 54, 57, 364, 392 • Nymphaeaceae 20 Valerianaceae 235, 237, 244, 246, 383 01eaceae 214, 218, 383, 390 Verbenaceae 196, 200, 201, 383 Onagraceae 35, 141, 154, 383 Violaceae 77, 92, 382 Orchidaceae 107, 329, 333, 336 Vitaceae 148, 155 Orobanchaceae 214,221 Vochysiaceae 150, 156 Oxalidaceae 152, 157, 383 Zingiberaceae 340, 341 • Paeoniaceae 71 Zygophyllaceae 152, 157, 383 Pandaceae 145, 155 Plantaginales 211 Papaveraceae 22, 47, 307, 382 plantaginella, Liriomyza 211,212* Passifloraceae 78, 93, 235, 382 plantaginicaulis, Phytomyza (= P. plantaginis) 212 Pedaliaceae 214, 221, 385 plantaginis, Phytomyza 211,212* • Philadelphaceae 97 Plantago 211, 215 Phormiaceae 329, 335 platani, Palaeophytobia 52, 53 Phytolaccaceae 62, 64, 382 Platanoxylon 53 Piperaceae 18, 19, 382 platensis, Chromatomyia 205,209, 210*, 399 Pittosporaceae 95, 101, 383 pIa typtera , Calycomyza 271,273,274,280, 281, 289, Plantaginaceae 211, 383 289,293,308,309,315,316,319,320 Platanaceae 52, 53 plectranthi, Amauromyza 205, 209 Poaceae (Gramineae) 217, 263, 307, 322, 333, 338, Plectranthus 205, 209 342, 344, 352, 354, 357, 380, 384, 392 Pleopeltis 5, 8 Polemoniaceae 194, 383 pleuralis, Amauromyza 213, 218, 219* Polygalaceae 150, 156 Pleurospermum 159 Polygonaceae 63, 70, 204, 382 plumea, Napomyza 301, 302*, 303 Polypodiaceae 5, 8, 13, 307 Plumeria 180 • Pomaceae 100 plumiseta, Phytomyza 22, 47, 49*, 131 438

Poa 355, 365, 371, 377, 379 primulae, Chromatomyia 90, 90*, 94, 390 poae, Cerodontha (Oizygomyza) (= Cer. (Oiz.) Primulales 89, 94 crassiseta) 371 promissa, Calycomyza 265, 274, 280*, 281 poae, Chromatomyia 355, 378*, 379 Prostanthera 205, 207 Poales 322, 342, 352 prostrata, Liriomyza 286*, 287, 289 podagrariae, Phytomyza 159, 167, 168* Protea1es 140, 153 Podonosma 199 Protophytobia 389 Poeae 355 proxima, Agromyza 357, 360*, 361 Poemyza 347, 364, 367, 371 Prunella 204,205,207,211 poemyzina, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349 pruni, Phytobia 102, 104 Poissonia 111, 117, 190, 385 Pruninium 100, 102, 104 Po1emonia1es 196, 320 prunivora, Phytobia 102, 104, 105* polemonii, Melanagromyza 194, 195*,308, 320 Prunoideae 100, 102, 104 Polemonium 194, 308 prunorum, Palaeophytobia 102, 104 pollen 52,54,55,59,62,64,70,71,72,78,79,88,89, Prunus 100, 102, 104 95, 107, 145, 150, 151, 157, 179, 196,203,217,220, pseuderrans, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349, 350*, 233, 237, 247, 258, 322, 331, 338, 342, 352, 402 351 Polya1thia 17, 18 Pseudocinchona (= Corynanthe) 236 polydadae, Phytomyza 158, 160, 173, 174*, 177 Pseudodappia 317 Polygala 150, 156 pseudogentii, Chromatomyia ISO, 183, 184* polygalae, Liriomyza 149*, 150, 156 pseudograta, Me1anagromyza 111, 118*, 119 Polygales 150, 156 Pseudoliriomyza 389, ~ Polygonales 63, 70 pseudometallica, Me1anagromyza 249, 251 *, 257 polygoni, Agromyza 63, 70 pseudomilii, Chromatomyia 351, 352, 354, 371, 377, polygoni. Japanagromyza 63, 68*, 70 378*, 380, 386 Polygonum 63, 70 Pseudonapomyza 214, 217, 344, 375, 377, 389, 392, 393 Polymnia 311, 316 Pseudonapomyza sp. 213, 354, 377 polymniae, Melanagromyza 311,312*,316 pseudonotata, Phytomyza (= P. notata) 41, 400 polyphaga, Tropicomyia 6, 13, 75, 77, 89, 92,94,97, pseudopygmina, Liriomyza 83, 84*, 86, 86 101,123, 141, 153,154, ISO, 181*, ill, 185,285, pseudoreptans, Agromyza 54, 57, 58*, 93, 198, 299 289, 324, 329, 335, 337, 382, 383, 384, 384 pseudorufipes, Agromyza 198, 199 polyphagy 55, 381, 384, 387, 398 Psidium 143, 154 polyphyta, Tropicomyia 18, 19,22,47,72,75,78,92, Psylloidea 381 97, 101, 110, 111, 113, 119, 141, 145, 148, ISO, 152, ptarmicae, Liriomyza 300*, 301, 303, 307 153, 154, 155, 156, ISO, ill, 213, 218, 236, 238, 242, ptarmicae, Phytomyza 301, 304*, 306 324, 335, 382, 383, 384, 384 Pteralyxia ISO, 180 Polypodiales 5, 8 Pteridales 5, 9 Polypodiatae (= Filicopsida) 5, 389 pteridii, Phytoliriomyza 5, 9* Polypodiophyta 4, 5, 382 Pteridium 5, 131, 140 Polypodium 5, 8, 13 Pteridophyta 4 Polypogon 355 Pterocarya 54, 59 Pometia 152, 156 Pterocaulon 271, 273 Pomoideae (Maloideae) 106 Ptochomyza 23, 29, 327, 389, 392, 393, 403 Pooideae 352, 354 pubicata, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349 populi, Paraphytomyza 81,93 pubicornis, Phytomyza 159, 165, 167, 168* populi group, Paraphytomyza 81, 82, 107, 125, 220 Puccinelli a 356, 379 populicola, Paraphytomyza 81, 93 puccinelliae, Chromatomyia 356, 379 populoides, Agromyza (= A. isolata) 81 puella, Liriomyza 259, 262*, 263 Populoxylon 79, 93 Pueraria Ill, 119, 121 Populus 79, 82, 93 puerarivora, Ophiomyia 111, 119 Porophyllum 308, 309, 310* pulchella, Phytomyza 41 Portulaca 63 Pu1icaria 271, 273, 400 posticata, Nemorimyza 271, 273, 274, 275, 278*, 293, pulicaria, Ophiomyia 259, 260*, 261 390 pulla, Agromyza 113,138*, 139 Potentilla 102, 104 pullula, Phytomyza 301, 304*, 306, 307, 390 potentillae, Agromyza 61, 97, 100, 102, 103*, 104, 152, Pulmonaria 198, 199 178 pulmonariae, Phytomyza 198, 199 potentillae group, Agromyza 70, 81 Pulsatilla (= Anemone) 27,401 Potentilleae 102, 104 pulsatillae, Phytomyza 21, 27, 30* Poterium 102, 104 pulsatillico1a, Phytomyza 21, 27, 30* praecox, Paraphytomyza 235, 236 Punica 143, 154 Praspedomyza (= Liriomyza) 235 Pupalia 63 pre-polyphagy 381, 384, 386 pusilla group, Liriomyza 147, 291, 313, 315 Prenanthes 259, 261, 263 pusilla, Liriomyza 263, 270, 271, 273,274,275, 277, prespana, Agromyza 356, 359 278*, 285, 295, 315, 316, 319, 320, 386, 398 Primula 90, 94 pusio, Liriomyza (= L. tragopogonis) 263 439 pygmaea, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 355, 356, 369, Ricinus 147, 148, 155 370* riparella, Me1anagromyza 201 Pyracantha 102, 106 Rivinia 62 Pyrus 102, 106 Robinia Ill, 114*, 117, 139, 401 robiniae, Phytoliriomyza 111,114*, 117, 139, 401 Q Robinieae Ill, 117 quadrata, Liriomyza 187, 188*, 190, 192 robusta, Cerodontha (Cerodontha) 365, 366* Qualea 150, 156 robusta group, Cerodontha 365 querci, Phytomyzites (doubtful species) 59 robustae, Liriomyza 343*, 344, 351 Quercus 54, 59, 81, 139 robustella group, Phytomyza 255,267, 271, 298, 305, quercus, Japanagromyza 54,59,60*,81, 121, 139 306, 308, 309, 405 quinta, Ophiomyia 274, 275, 276* robustella, Phytomyza 259, 267 Quisqualis 141, 153 rohdendorfi, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 347, 355, 371, 372*, 380 R rondensis, Agromyza 354, 355, 356, 359, 360*, 364 radicicola, Melanagromyza (= Mel. minimoides) 57, Rorippa 83, 86 397 Rosa 100, 102, 104 ramosa, Chromatomyia 244, 245* Rosales 52, 95, 101, 148 Rangaeris 333, 336 Roseae 102, 104 Ranunculales 20, 21 Rosidae 52, 95, 107, 140, 153, 157, 179, 383, 389 Ranunculeae 21, 35 Rosiflorae 52, 158 ranunculella, Napomyza 21, 29, 38, 39* Rosoideae 100, 102, 102 ranunculella group, Napomyza 35 rostrata, Ophiomyia 244 ranunculi, Phytomyza 22,41,43,44*,50,51, 190 rostrata, Phytomyza 222, 226*, 227, 229 ranunculicaulis, Napomyza 21,40*,41,402 Rottboellia 357, 375 ranunculicaulis, Phytomyza 402 - Royena 89, 94 ranunculicaulis, Ophiomyia 21, 23, 24* ruandae, Melanagromyza 292*, 293 ranunculicola, Phytomyza 22, 41, 44* Rubia 235, 236 ranunculina, Phytomyza 22,41,45* Rubiales 233 Ranunculinae 21, 35 Rubieae 236 ranunculivora, Phytomyza 22, 41, 44*, 50, 125, 140, Rubioideae 233, 235, 236 177 Rubus 102, 104, 105*, 107 ranunculivora group, Phytomyza 140 Rudbeckia 263, 283, 311, 315, 316, 319, 398 Ranunculoideae 21, 27 Ruellia 213,215 ranunculoides, Liriomyza 21, 23, 24*, 50 ruelliae, Melanagromyza 213, 215, 216* ranunculoides, Phytomyza 22,41,44* rufescens, Phytomyza 259, 267, 268 Ranunculus 20, 21, 23, 35, 41, 50, 86, 140 rufipes, Agromyza 57, 299, 300*, 301 Raphanus 83, 86 rufipes, Phytomyza 85, 86, 88 rapunculi, Phytomyza 231, 232*, 400 Rumex 63,70 ravasternopleuralis, Phytomyza (ssp. of P. senecionis) Ruprechtia 63, 70 293, 298, 403 Ruta 152, 156 rectae, Phytomyza 21, 27, 33 Rutales 320 Reichardia 259, 261 rydeni, Phytomyza 22, 43, 45* renovata, Napomyza 21,38, 39*, 50, 402 rydeniana, Phytomyza (= P. albiceps) 163, 251, 255 reptans, Agromyza 54, 55, 57, 58*, 79 Rytidostylis 79, 93 Reseda 86 Reynosia 148, 155 S Rhamnales 148, 155 Sabazia 315, 316 Rhamnus 148, 155 sabaziae, Liriomyza 251,253, 271, 273, 274, 277, 308, Rhinantheae 222, 224, 227 309, 314*, 315, 316 Rhinanthoideae 222, 224 Saccharum 357, 375 Rhinanthus 222, 227, 229 Saccopetalum 17, 18 Rhizophorales 143, 154 sagehenensis, Me1anagromyza 102* Rhodiola (= Sedum) 99, 101 sahyadriae, Agromyza 363 rhodiolae, Phytomyza 98*, 99 Salicales 79, 93 rhodopaea, Phytomyza 198, 199 salicaria, Palaeophytobia 79, 93 Rhus 150, 156 salicifolii, Japanagromyza 59, 80*, 81, 93, 141 Rhynchosinapis (= Brassicella) 85 salicin a , Agromyza 81, 82*, 93, 178 Rhyncosia 111,119,123 salicis, Hexomyza 81, 93 Rhyncosporoideae 347, 351 Salicornia 63, 67 Ribes 97, 101 Salix 79, 93 Riccia 1,2 Salpichroa 190, 192 Ricciocarpos 2 Salpiglossideae 190, 192 Ricciopsis 1 Salvia 205,209, 211 richteri, Liriomyza 373 salviae, Phytomyza 205,208*, 209, 400 ricini, Ophiomyia 147, 149*, 155 Sambucus 238 440

Samoa 78 scrophulariae, Melanagromyza 222,224 Sanguisorba 102, 104 Scrophulariales 194,211, 212, 213 Sanguisorbeae 102, 104 Scrophularieae 222 Sanicu1a 159, 173, 178 Scrophularioideae 222 sanicu1ae, Phytomyza 158,159,161*,173,178 Scutellaria 204, 205 Saniculoideae 158, 159 scutellaris, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349 Santa1ales 143, 154 scutellata, Metopomyza 347, 348*, 351 Santolina 301 Scutia 148, 155 Sapindales 148, 150, 156 Secale 356, 359 Sapium 145, 148, 155 Securigera (= Coronilla) H2 Saponaria 63, 69 sedi, Phytomyza 98*, 99, 101 Sarcocepha1us 237 sedico1a, Phytomyza 50, 98*, 99, 101, 125, 140 sarothamni, Hexomyza 113, 138*, 139, 145,251,320, Sedum 99, 101, 140 404 Se1achopinae 390 Sarothamnus (= Cytisus) 139, 404 Se1achops ~ Sartwellia 31 7 Selago 218 Sasa 354, 369 selini, Phytomyza 160, 169, 171 * sasae, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 369 Selinum 160, 165, 169 sasakawai, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 357, 369 Semecarpus 150, 156 sasakawai, Ophiomyia 141, 142*, 153 seneciella, Liriomyza 293, 295 sativae, Liriomyza 75,78,79,86,92,93, HI, H2, 117, Senecio 253, 263, 270, 285, 291, 293, 295, 299, 307, .ill, 134*, 155, 187, 190, 192, 194,201, 203, 274, 313,394 315, 316,382, 383, 384, 384 seneciocaulis, Me1anagromyza 291, 293, 394 sativae, Melanagromyza 160, 163, 177 senecifolii, Liriomyza (= L. erucifolii) 295 Satureja 204,205, 207, 211 Senecioneae 248, 263, 291, 293, 308, 321 Saurauia 72, 91 senecionella, Chromatomyia 293, 297 Saussurea 251, 255 senecionella, Melanagromyza 292*, 293, 295 saxatilis, Phytomyza 301, 306 senecionina, Ophiomyia 292*, 293, 295 Saxifraga 99, 101 senecionis, Phytomyza 293, 296*, 297, 403 saxifragae, Chromatomyia 99, 100*, 101 senecionis ravasternop1euralis, Phytomyza 293, 298, Saxifraga1es 158 403 saximontana, Phytomyza 309, 309, 310* seneciophila, Chromatomyia 293, 294*, 295, 297 Scabiosa 244, 244 seneciophila, Melanagromyza 270, 273, 292*, 293, 295 scabiosae, Chromatomyia 243*, 244 seneciovora, Chromatomyia 293, 294*, 295, 297 scabiosarum, Chromatomyia 243*,244 seneciovora, Liriomyza 293, 295 Scaevola 231, 233 septentrionalis, Liriomyza 355, 356, 373, 374* scaevo1ae, Liriomyza 231,232*, 233 Serjania 152, 156 Scaligeria 159, 167, 175 Serratu1a 251, 255 scaligeriae, Phytomyza (ssp. of P. feru1ae) 159, 167, serrio1ae, Liriomyza 259, 263 175 servilis, Ca1ycomyza 288*, 289 Scandiceae 159, 160, 165 Sesamum 127, 214, 221 scario1ae, Liriomyza (= L. scorzonerae) 263, 399 seseleos, Phytomyza 160, 169 schineri, Hexomyza 80*, 81, 93 Seseli 160, 169, 175 schmidti, Liriomyza 18, 20, 62, 63, 64, 69, 93, 97, 101, Ses1eria 356, 373, 379 108, HO, HI, 113, 115, 116*, ill, 119, 148, 152, Setaria 357, 357, 363, 369 155, 157, ISO, 190, 192, 193, 194, 213, 217, 235, 236, setariae, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 357, 369, 370* 324, 335, 382, 383, 384, 384 setosa, Phytobia 150,151*,156,178 Schoenobib1us 143, 154 Shepherdia 141, 153 Schotia HO, 113 shepherdiae, Amauromyza 141, 142*, 153 schwabei, Liriomyza 374*, 375 shepherdiana, Chromatomyia 141, 153 scirpi, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349, 350*, 351, 380 Sherardia 235, 236 scirpivora, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 351, 352, 353* shibatsuji,Ophiomyia IH, 118*, 119 Scirpus 347, 349, 351, 352 Sibba1dia 102 Sc1eria 349, 351 Sida 75,92 sc1eriae, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349, 350*, 351 sidae, Ca1ycomyza 74*,75,92,113,140 Sc1eropoa (= Catapodium) 355 Siegesbeckia 313, 316 scolopendri, Chromatomyia 5,6, 8, 12*, 13, 403, 405 sii, Phytomyza 160, 172*, 173 Sco1ymus 259 silai, Phytomyza 160, 169, 172*, 173 Scopolia 190, 192 silaicomes, Phytomyza (= P. adjuncta) 173 scopulina, Phytomyza 274, 283, 284 Silaum 160, 163, 169 Scorpiurus H2, 127 Silene 63, 64 Scorzonera 259, 263, 399 silvatica, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 345, 351 scorzonerae, Liriomyza 259, 263, 264*, 399 Silybum 251, 253 scotica, Phytoliriomyza 301, 301 similis, Paraphytomyza 243*, 244 scotina, Phytomyza 205, 208*, 209 simplex, Ophiomyia 325, 326*, 335 Scrophu1aria 221, 222, 224 simplicoides, Hexomyza 80*, 81, 93 441

Sinapis 86 Sphaeranthus 271, 273 Siparuna 18, 19 Sphenopsida 4, 5 Sison 160, 165, 173, 399 Sphenosciadium 160, 175 sisonis, Phytomyza (= P. chaerophylli) 173, 399 sphondyJiivora, Phytomyza 160, 175, 176*, 178 sisymbricaulis, Liriomyza (= L. pseudopygmina) 86 spicata, Pseudonapomyza 356, 375, 376*, 377 sisymbrii, Paraphytomyza 86, 87*, 88 spicatae, Ophiomyia 274, 275 Sisymbrium 86 Spigelia lBO, 185, 215 sitchensis, Phytomyza 160, 173, 174*, 177 Spilanthes 311,316 Sium 160, 173 spilanthis, Melanagromyza 311, 312*, 316 skuratowiczi, Chromatomyia lBO, 183, 184* Spinacia 63, 64, 69, 70, 255 Sloanea 72, 91 spinaciae, Phytomyza 251, 254*, 255 Smallanthus 315, 316 spinata, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 351, 352 Smilacina 329, 330*, 331, 336 spinosa, Pseudonapomyza 356, 357, 375, 37fi*, 377 smilacinae, Liriomyza 329, 330*, 331, 336, 392 Spiraea 101, 102 Smilax 117, 324, 335 spiraeae, Agromyza (= A. potentillae) 104 Smyrnieae 159, 165 Spiraeoideae 100, 101, 102 smyrnii, Phytomyza 159, 166*, 167 spiraeoidearum, Agromyza 101, 102, 103* Smyrnium 159, 167 Spirostachys 148, 155 socia, Phytomyza 21, 27, 28*, 401 splendida, Melanagromyza 159, 163, 259, 270, 273, soenderupi, Phytomyza 21,23, 25* 293,295,308,309,311,312*, l!], 316, 317, 320, 385 soenderupiella, Phytomyza 21,29, 31 * spoliata, Phytomyza 251,254*,255 sojae, Melanagromyza 111,112,117,118*,119,123, spondyJii group, Phytomyza 125, 140, 158, .!£2, 167, 133 - 169,173, 175, 178,271,319 Solanales 185, 213, 229 spondylii, Phytomyza 160, 165, 167, 174*, .!2?, 177, Solaneae 187, 192 178 Solanecio 293, 295 spondyJii ssp. herac1eiphaga, Phytomyza 160, 174*, solanicola,Ophiomyia 186*, 187, 192 175, 178 solanidis, Melanagromyza 186*, 187, 192 sporoboli, Melanagromyza 363 solanita, Liriomyza 187, 188*, 190, 192 Sporobolus 356, 363 solanivora, Liriomyza 187, 188*, 192 stachyos, Liriomyza 204, 205 solanivora, Ophiomyia 187, 192 Stachys 204,205,207,211 Solanoideae 187, 192 Stachytarpheta 201 Solanum 187, 190, 192,209 Staphylea 152, 156 Soldanella 90, 94, 390 staryi, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349, 350*, 351 soldanellae, Chromatomyia 90, 90*, 94, 390 stegmaieri, Calycomyza 193, 194, 195* solidaginis, Calycomyza 274, 280*, 281 Stellaria 63, 64, 69 solidaginis, Phytomyza 271, 274, 283, 284* Stephania 22,47 solidaginivora, Phytomyza 274, 282* 283 Stereospermum 213 solidaginophaga, Phytomyza 274, 283, 284* Stevia 287, 289, 303 Solidago 261, 263, 274, 275, 277, 281, 283, 284, 307, steviae, Calycomyza 289, 290*, 303 398, 399 Stipa 352 Sollya 97, 101 Stipeae 356 sonchi, Calycomyza 259, 264*, 265 Stipoideae 352 sonchi group, Liriomyza 295 Stizolobium (= Mucuna) HI, 119 sonchi, Liriomyza 131, 259, 263, 264*, 390 S tokesia 263 sonchi, Phytomyza (= P. marginella) 267 stolonigena, Phytomyza 22,43,45*, 50 Sor.chus 259, 261, 263, 265, 307, 390 strict monophagy 139 sonorensis, Phytomyza 22, 43, 46* Striga 222, 227 soosi, Amauromyza (= Am. chamaebalani) 131 strigalis, Ophiomyia 222, 227 Sophoreae 110, 115 strigata, Liriomyza 22, 47, 50, 53, 61, 63, 75, 78, 79, Sorbus 102, 107 85,86,88,92,93,111, H2, 133, 148, 150, 153, 155, Sorghum 357, 361, 363, 375 157, 158, 159, 160, 177, 192, 194, 196, 199, 201, 203, Sorocea 53 205, 209, 211, 222, 231, 232, 233, 244, 246, 251, 257, soror, Liriomyza 251, 252*, 253 258, 259, 263, 264*, 271, 273,274, 277, 287, 289, South Africa 402 290,291, 293, 295,301,308,309,315,316,317,320, South America I j 382, 383, 384, 384 sp. (Beckwithia), Phytomyza 41, 42* Strobilanthes 215 Spartium 113, 139 stuckenbergiella, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) 347, 348* specific a, Liriomyza 238, 239* Styrax 89, 94 spencerella, Liriomyza 290*,291,301,303,315,316,319, styricicola, Tropicomyia 89, 90*, 94, 97, 101, 145, 154, 320 lBO, 183, 384, 398 spencerella, Ophiomyia 111, 121, 122* Suaeda 63, 67 spenceri, Agromyza 356, 361 suaedae, Haplopeodes (nom. nUd.) 63, 67 spenceri, Cerodontha (Poemyza) (= Cer. (Po.) subaberrans, Ophiomyia 209 calamagrostidis) 367 subasc1epiadis, Liriomyza lBO, 181*, 183 spenceri, Paraphytomyza 238, 240 subeximia, Napomyza 21, 38, 39* 442 subnigra, Chromatomyia 377, 378*, 379 thalictri, Liriomyza 22, 23, 50 subrostrata, Phytomyza 21 thalictri, Phytomyza 22, 47,49*, 404 subtilis, Phytomyza 112, 131, 132*, 140 thalictricaulis, Ophiomyia 22, 23 Succisa 244 thalictricola, Phytomyza 22, 47, 49* succisae, Chromatomyia 243*, 244 Thalictrinae 43 sulfuriceps, Agromyza 102, 103*, 104 thalictrina, Ophiomyia (= O. thalictricaulis) 22, 23 superciliosa, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 355, 356, 357, thalictrivora, Phytomyza 22, 47, 49* 369, 370* Thalictroideae 22, 43 susannae, Agromyza 357, 363 Thalictrum 22, 43, 47, 131, 140, 385 Suss, H. 15 theae, Tropicomyia 53, 61, 2!" 73* 78, 89, 91, ISO, 180, suturalis, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 351, 352, 353*, 183,193,194, 235, 236, 237*, 324, 335, 382,383, 380 384, 398 Swainsona 111,117,119,123 Theales 71, 91 Swertia ISO, 185 Theligonum 233 swertiae, Chromatomyia ISO, 184*, 185 Thelypodium 83, 86 Symphandra 231 thermarum, Chromatomyia 274,281, 282* Symphonia 72, 91 Thermopsideae 113, 135 symphoricarpi, Chromatomyia 238, 242 thesii, Liriomyza 143, 144*, 154 Symphoricarpos 237, 238 Thesium 143, 154 symphyti group, Phytomyza 198, 199, 203, 207 Thevetia 180, 180 symphyti, Melanagromyza 197*, 198, 199 Thlaspi 86 symphyti, Phytomyza 198, 199, 200* thompsoni, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 333, 336 Symphytum 198, 199 Thorne ix Symplocos 89, 94 Thunbergia 213, 214 Synedrella 277, 313, 316 thunbergiae, Melanagromyza 213, 214, 216* synedrellae, Liriomyza 313, 314*, 316 Thunbergioideae 213, 214 syngenesiae, Chromatomyia 160, 249,251, 253, 255, thunbergivora, Tropicomyia 213, 214 259, 265, 266*, 271, 273,274,281,293, 297, 301, thymi, Phytomyza 205, 207, 208*, 209 305,308,309,315,316,317,320, 386 Thymus 205, 207, 209 syngenesiae group, Chromatomyia 246, 265, 281 thysselini, Phytomyza 160, 175, 176* syngenesiae superspecies, Chromatomyia 379 thysselinivora, Phytomyza 160, 165, 175, 176* Syringa 214 Tiarella 99, 101 tiarellae, Chromatomyia 99, 101 T Tierra del Fuego ix Tageteae 248, 307, 311, 317, 320 Tilia 72, 73*, 91 Tagetes 309,313,317,320 tiliae, Ophiomyia 72, 73*, 91 takakoae, Galiomyza 76*, 77, 92, 402 Tithonia 277, 313, 316, 399 tamui, Phytomyza 22, 43, 48* tlingitica, Phytomyza 160, 175, 178 Tamura 22,41,43 togata, Liriomyza 274, 277, 279*, 301, 303 tanaceti, Liriomyza 300*, 301, 303 tokunagai, Melanagromyza 334*, 336 tanaceti, Phytomyza 301, 304*, 306 Tolmiea 99, 101 Tanacetum 301, 303, 306, 307 tomaterae, Melanagromyza 186*. 187, 192 taraxaci, Liriomyza 259, 263, 264* tordylii, Phytomyza (= P. chaerophylli) 177 taraxaci, Phytomyza 259, 267 Tordylium 160, 165, 177 taraxacocecis, Phytomyza (= P. wahlgreni) 259, Torilis 160, 163, 165, 177 267 torrentium, Chromatomyia 354, 355, 379 Taraxacum 259, 260*, 261, 265, 267, 307 tottoriensis, Phytomyza 301, 306 Tarenna 237 Tradescantia 342, 351 tatrica, Cerodontha (Poemyza) (= Cer. (Po.) Tragopogon 259, 261, 262*, 263, 264 lapplandica) 367 tragopogonis, Liriomyza 259, 263, 264* tatrica, Phytomyza (= P. rapunculi) 231, 400 trebinjensis, Agromyza 53, 55, 56*, 178 tearohensis, Phytoliriomyza 5, II, 12* tremulae, Paraphytomyza 81, 82*, 93 Tecomeae 213, 218 Tribulus 152, 157 Telekia 271, 273 Trichilia 151, 156 Tellima 99, 101 Trichodesma 199 tenella, Phytomyza 222, 227, 228* Tridax 316 Tephritidae 388 tridentata, Paraphytomyza 81, 93 Tephrosia 110, 115, 117, 139 Trifolieae 1l2, 131 tephrosiae, Japanagromyza 110, 114*,117, 139,398 trifoliearum, Liriomyza 112, 131, 133, 134*, 192 Tephrosieae 110, 115 trifolii, Liriomyza 23, 50, 63, 69, 75, 78, 92, 93, 94, Tetrapleura 110, 115 100, 107, 110, Ill, 112, 113, 123, 131, lll, 134*, tetrasticha, Phytomyza 205, 207 148, 152, 155, 157, 158, 159, 187, 190, 192, 194, 201, Teucrium 204,205, 211 203, 205, 209, 211, 222,249,251, 253, 258,259, 263, texana, Ophiomyia 83, 84*, 85, 86, 91 270,271,273,274,277, 287, 289, 290, 291, 293, 295, Thalictreae 22, 43 301, 308, 309, 315, 316, 317, 319, 320, 325, 333, 335, thalictrella, Phytomyza 22, 47, 49* 336, 340, 341, 373, 382, 383, 384, 384 443

Trifolium 112, 127, 131, 133, 140, 399 va1dorensis, Agromyza 101, 102, 103* Triglochin 340, 341, 392 Valeriana 245, 246 triglochinae, Uriomyza (= L. angulicornis) 340 valerianae, Liriomyza 245*,246 Trigonella 112, 133 Valerianella 245, 246 Trigonotis 198, 199 valerianellae, Uriomyza 245*, 246 triplicata, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) 345, 346*, 351 Vandeae 336 tripolii, Napomyza 274, 280*, 281 Vandoideae 336 Trisetum 355, 379 Vanguerieae 237 tristella, Japanagromyza 111,120*, 121, 139 Vanguerilla 237 Triticeae 356 Vanilleae 336 Triticum 356, 359, 365, 375 varicornis, Agromyza 112, 127, 129* Triumfetta 72 variegata, Phytoliriomyza 111. 112, 123, 124*, 125, trivittata, Phytomyza 222, 223*, 229 127 Trixis 258 varifrons, Agromyza 53, 55, 56*, 178 Trollieae 21. 23 varii, Phytomyza 21, 35 trollii, Phytomyza 21.23, 24* Varilla 317 trolliophila, Phytomyza 21. 23, 24* Varilovia 127 trolliovora, Phytomyza 21. 23, 24* varipes, Phytomyza 222, 228*, 229 Trollius 21. 22, 23 Venegasia 308, 309 Tropaeolum 88, 131, 153, 157, 295, 385 venegasiae, Liriomyza 308, 309, 310*, 319, 320 Tropicomyia 4, 8, 117, 123, 179, 323, 324, 337, 384, venezo1ana, Agromyza 361, 363 389, 391, 404 venturii, Cerodontha (Xenophytomyza) 367 Tropicomyia sp. 5,8,9*,13,78,93,201,219*,235, venusta, Agromyza 362*, 363 237, 325, 335, 337, 341 veratri, Uriomyza (= L. wachtli) 331 tschirnhausi, Cerodontha (Poemyza) (= Cer. (Po.) Veratrum 330*, 331, 336 calamagrostidis) 367 verbasci, Amauromyza 204,214, 218, 221, 222, 223*, tundrensis, Phytomyza 309, 309, 310* 224,229,231,233, 385 Turritis 86 verbasci, Me1anagromyza 221, 222, 223* tussilaginis, Phytomyza 293,296*, 298 verbascifolii, Haplopeodes 187, 189*, 192, 192 tussilaginis ssp. kevani, Phytomyza 293, 298 Verbascoideae 221, 222 tussilaginis ssp. petasiti, Phytomyza 293, 298 Verbascum 221, 222 Tussilago 293, 296*, 298, 299 Verbena 201, 203 Tylophora 89, lBO, 183 verbenae, Ca1ycomyza 201, 202*, 203 Typha 331, 333, 340, 341 verbenae, Me1anagromyza 201 Typha1es 340 Verbeneae 200, 201 verbenivora, Ca1ycomyza 201, 202*, 203 U verbenivora, Ophiomyia 201 Ulex 113, 139 Verbesina 311, 315, 316 Ulmarieae 104 verbesinae, Ca1ycomyza 315, 316, 318* ulmi, Agromyza (= A. aristata) 55 verbesinae, Me1anagromyza 311,312*,316 Ulmus 53,54 veris, Agromyza (= A. rondensis) 359 Umbella1es 320 vernalis, Phytomyza lBO, 184*, 185 umbilici, Uriomyza 98*, 99, 101 Vernonia 268, 270, 277 Umbilicus 99, 101 vernoniae, Me1anagromyza 268, 269*, 270 umbrina, Uriomyza 222, 224, 225* vernoniae, Pseudonapomyza 269*, 270 umbrinella, Uriomyza 222, 224, 225* vernoniana, Me1anagromyza 268, 269*, 270 umbrosa, Uriomyza 222, 224, 225* Vernonieae 248, 267, 270, 285 Urera 54 Veronica 222, 224 Urochloa 357, 361, 363 veronicicola, Phytomyza 222, 224, 225* urophorina, Uriomyza 329, 330*, 335, 392 verticillatae, Phytomyza 144*, 145, 154 Urophylleae 236 vibeana, Phytomyza (= P. aquilonia) 41 Urophyllum 235, 236 Viburnum 238, 287 Urtica 54, 57, 397, 400 Vicia 112, 127. 131, 139, 140 urticae, Agromyza (= A. pseudoreptans) 57 viciae, Agromyza 112 urticae, Uriomyza 54, 57, 58* viciae, Me1anagromyza 112, 127, 128* Urticales 52, 53, 54, 145 viciae, Phytoliriomyza 112, 130*, 131, 140 Urticeae 54 Vicieae 112, 127 urticella, Melanagromyza 54, 57, 58* vicifoliae, Agromyza 112, 127, 129* urticivora, Me1anagromyza 54, 57 Vigna 111, 121, 123, 135,405 urundensis, Pseudonapomyza 213,215,217* vigna1is, Melanagromyza Ill, 120*, 121 vigneae, Cerodontha (Butomomyza) 349, 350*, 351 V vigneae, Tropicomyia 111, 123, 124*, 405 Vaccaria 63 vignivora, Ophiomyia 111, 122*, 123 Vaccinioideae 93 Viguiera 311, 315, 316 Vaccinium 88, 93 Villanova 308, 309, 310* Vah10dea (= Deschampsia) 354, 377 Vinca lBO, 180 444

Viola 76*, 77, 92, 402 zarzyckii, Phytomyza 160, 177 Violales 52, 71, 72, 75, 79, 92 Zea 357, 361, 369, 375, 377 violicaulis, Liriomyza 76*, 77, 91, 92 zeae, Pseudonapomyza 357, 376*, 377 violiphaga, Galiomyza 76*, 77, 92, 402 Zingiberales 340 violivora, Galiomyza 76*, 77, 92, 402 Zingiberidae 340 virens, Melanagromyza 274, 274, 285, 286*, 289 Zingibiflorae 337, 340, 341, 342, 389 virgaureae, Phytomyza 274, 283, 284* Zinnia 277, 291, 307, 315, 316 virgo, Liriomyza 5, 6, 7* zinniae, Liriomyza 274,277,290,291,313,314*,315, virgula, Liriomyza 7* 316 viridis Frost, Melanagromyza 270,290, 291, 312*, ill, Zizania 354, 363 316 zoerneri, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 354, 355, 369 viridis Seguy, Melanagromyza (= Mel. gynurae) 293 zuskai, Cerodontha (Poemyza) 356, 369 viridula, Japanagromyza 54,59,60* 81, 121, 139, 141 vitalbae, Phytomyza 21, 32*, 33, 190 vitalbella, Phytomyza 21, 35 Vitex 201, 203 Viticeae 201 vomitoriae, Phytomyza 144*, 145, 154 vulnerariae, Phytomyza (= P. brischkei) 125, 399 Vulpia 356

W wachtli, Liriomyza 330*, 331, 336, 392 Wahlenbergia 229, 231 wahlenbergiae, Liriomyza 230*,231, 232, 271 wahlgreni, Phytomyza 259, 267, 268* watersi, Agromyza (= A. varicornis) 127 websteri, Hexomyza 110, 114*, 115, 139 Wedelia 291,311,313,316 wedeliae, Melanagromyza 291,293,311, 312*, 313, 316,317,320 wedeliaphoeta, Melanagromyza 313, 316 Weigela 237 We1witschia 15 Wikstroemia 141, 154, 329 wikstroemiae, Kleinschmidtimiyia 141, 142*, 154 Willemetia (= Chondrilla) 259 williamsoni, Phytomyza 21, 35, 37*, 109 winderi, Phytomyza (= Chr. platensis) 209, 399 winnemanae, Hexomyza 80*, 81, 93 wistariae, Agromyza 110, 115 Wisteria 110, 115 Withania 190, 192 woerzi, Agromyza 242, 243*, 244

X xanthaspis, Metopomyza 347, 348*, 351 Xanthium 277, 313, 316, 399 xanthocera, Liriomyza 21, 23, 35, 50, 63, 75, 83, 84*, 85,86, 86, 92,112, 113, 131, 133, 150, 153, 155,157, 160, 194,205, 211, 246,251, 382, 383, 384, 384, 385, 399 Xeniomyza 389, 392 xenophagy 163, 381, 384, 386, 387 Xenophytomyza, sg. Cerodontha 364, 367 Xeranthemum 251 y yanoi, Japanagromyza 147, 155 yanonis, Agromyza 354, 356, 361 yasumatsui, Phytomyza 21, 29, 33, 36* Yellowstone National Park 19, 100, 104

Z Zanha 151, 156 Zantedeschia 337, 341