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The Agromyzidae of Canada and Alaska

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The Agromyzidae of Canada and Alaska THE AGROMYZIDAE OF CANADA AND AI,A.SKA Kexxern A. SPr,xcEn* Entomology Research Institute, canada Department of Agriculture, ottawa INTRODUCTION This paper is an initial handbook for identification of the Canadian Agromyzid^ae, with keys to genela and species. Illustrations of the male genitalia gin6n for all species in #nich males are known, except for a few cases where earlier"r"e figures are available. No "comprehensive paper on the Canadian Agromyzidae has previously. been published, altilough d.sciiptiotts of isolated spccieihave been.pre-gi1.d .by 4lll* \tOzv1, ioquilleit (lg02i, Curran (193la,^D), Frost (192+r, Melander (1913)' and ina serids of papers by Malloch between 1913 and 1918. Records of Canadian Agromyzidae ha'ieb..n .onu.nienrly summarised by Frick (1959) in"his synopsis oiXotth American species, and among those he lists as occurring_in Canada I have been able to .onfit- 41 as correJt. Frick in all deals with 206 described North American species, but these also include 16 of Neotropical distribution from the West Indies and Central America. Here. 290 species are recorded for Canada and Alaska. A breakdown of these by genera is shown in Table I: 147 species are described as new' 2J are new to Norih"America,T2 are shown to be Hoiarctic, and 13 are discussed as probable or possible introductions from Europe. In addition seven new synonymies have been established between American ind European species; two American sPecies previously synonymised ale now .esotr.ct.d^ as diitinct; four European names have in th.'past been incorrectly used for species now. described as new; one species hitheito considered as reitricted to North America and the Neotropical I{egion is recorded for the first time in the Palaearctic-Region, in Mongolia;.and fini'lly, one Nearctic name has been incorrectly applied to a Palaearctic species. A section is included below on world distiitution, to facilitate an assessment the as a whole.- A complete of the Canadian Agromyzidae in relation to family . Nearctic revision would have erceeded the scope of this paper, although many species which have been recorded or r,vill certainly be found to occul in the United Srates are also present in Canada. Nevertheiess a small number of North American species and some others from Europe are briefly- discussed in Appendix A and a complete list of North American species not clarified or discussed in detail in this paper is shown in Appendix B. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collections Examined The basis of this paper is the material in the Canadian National Collection' Much of this had been determined by earlier wotkers, in many cases correctly' but as a detailed examination showed, in some cases incorrectly. It has only proved possible to study selectively part of the 10,000 or so undetermined speci- hens, but many species of interesr fiom this material have been included. I have aiso studied approximately 1,000 specimens collected by V. K' Sehgal and myself in Alberta. to a lesser extent in British Columbia, in the summer of D66, Lnd also additional"nd material collected by myself in Ontario and Quebec in July 1967. This personal collecting was concentrated wherever practicable on i-R.""-"h Arro"iut", Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF TIIE ENTOIVIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA TABLE I Table of Canadian Agromyzidae by genera Neu'to Total New North America Holarctic ?Introductions AcnollvzrNan Agromyza 34 1+ 10 Japanagromyza 2l Melanagromyza t7 14 Hexomyza 2l . 1 Ophiomyia 26 18 I 5 I Sub-total 81 48 16 1 PnvrouvzrN.q.o Phytobia 8 A Cerodontha Dizygomyza 18 6 A 7 1 Poemyza 8 2 2 1 Icteromyza 6 2 I 2 Cerodontha 3 1 1* 1 Calycomyza r.t 3 A 2 nrrrdLrrullr)zd-^.,-^*.,-^ 3 J Trilobomyza 2 1 1 j Nemoringyza 1 1 Liriomyza 36 19 6 Lemuriml.za 3 1 l\ T^t^nnm"'a 3 2 Praspedomyza 1 1 rD.^-:l^--,-^ Lsr ruurrrlzd 1 : 1 Haplornyza 1 . Phytoliriomyza 2 I I Paraphytomyza o 1 3 j Pseudonapomyza 2 1 Napomyza o I 1 Phytomyza 83 46 - 19 6 Sus-rorA.I- 209 oo 18 .)o 12 TOTAL 290 147 23 7,) IJ +In this case new to Eastern Palaearctic. rearing specimens from leaf-mines and in this way it has been possible to establish the host-plants of many of the new sPecies. Somi undetermined material fiom the United States National Museum, Washington, particularly from Alaska, has also been studied. Types of virtually all relevant species luve been examined. Unfortunately 'bien few it has possible to examine rype;-the in United States museums in only a cases. However, I have received greatest assistance in clarifying tyPes in the U.S. National Museum from Mr. G. Steyskal. Under "Material Examined" I have normally listed only Canadian sPecimens seen, but in certain cases where only very few specimens have been examined I have included references to material from Europe, the United States, or elsewhere. P re paration of Descri ptiotts The descriptions have intentionally been kept brief, but it is hoped that they are sumciently complete to cover the main variable chalacters to give a uniqu€ combination, even when possibly later very similar new sPecies are discovered' It is felt that the illustrations of male genitalia, more than a lengthy description, Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv SPENCER: AGROMYZIDAE OF CANADA AND ALASKA will serve to fix the identity of the species in question. During the course of this study the male genitalia of 7 50 specimens have been examined. 'For pre,riorisly-described spicies the information given includes abbreviated holotype location, lectotype designation if applicable, host-plant if known, and seiective references to earlier PaPers' Definitions Ratio of width of frons to eye: This is measured from above at the apex of the ocellar triangle. Ratio of height of jowl to eye: Jowl in this context is taken to mean jowl plus cheek. Numbering of the dorso-central bristles is from the rear forwards, as is customary in Euiopean literature, so thar the first refers to the strongest. The second iostal section is that part of the costa between the apex of veins r' and rz*g. The fourth costal section is that betvzeen the aPex of veins I++s afld IrIr*2. The costal ratio is the ratio between these two sections' The terminology used in discussing male genitalia is as defined by Frick (1952' p.3+9) and Nowakowski (1959, p. 189)' Abbrepiations (a) Taxonomic characters acr as1o51ish2l5 dc - d615e-6sntral(s) f - femora ori - l6ws1 orbital bristle(s) ors - upper orbital bristle(s) prsc - pre-scutellars vte - outer vertical(s) vti - innef vertical(s) - (D) Type locations Admont Coll. Strobl, Admont' Austria Amsterdam - Zoological Museum, Amsterdam. Berlin - Zoololisches Museum der Humboldt Universitdt, Berlin, - D.D.R.. BM British Museum (Natural History), London CNC - Canadian National Collection, Ottawa Copenhagen - Universitetets Zoologiske A{useum, Copenhagen Helsinki - Zoological Museum 6f th. Uniu.rsity, Helsinki INHS - Illinoii Natural History Survel', Urbana, U.S'A. Lund - Zoological Insticute, University, Lund, Sweden MCZ - Museum of Comparative Zoo\ogy, Cambridge, Mass' Paris - Mus6e d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Stockholm - Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm Stuttgart - N[u5surn fiir Naturkunde, Ludwigsburg, nr. Stuttgart, - Germanv UA Dept. of Enromology, University of Alberta, Edmonton USNM - United States NatiSnal Museum, Washingron, D.C' Vienna - Naturhistorisches A{useum, Vienna \ffarsaw - Zoologtcal Inscituten Warsaw - References to Canada should be taken to mean Canada and Alaska, unless otherwise specified. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 8 l,,rEMorRS o!- THE ENToMoLoGTcAL socIETy oF cANADA IJnless otherwise noted, the holotypes of all species described from Canada r.vill be deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects. For the Dresent. holotvpes-of species collected personally have been retained in my own collection for readv reference. but these too will ultimatelv be deposited in the Canadian National Collection. DIAGNOSTIC CIIARACTERS AND RANGE OF YARIATION Descriptions of Agromvzidae have in the past frequently been excessively long. In such cases the really significant characters can be Iost within a mass of detail which may not be necessarily relevant or diagnostic. It is felt that even brief descriptions can still provide an adequate diagnosis, provided significant characters are utilised. An attemDt is made below to outline those characters which in the opinion of the author ire the most valuable and sisnificant within the family Agromyzidae. At the same time an indication is giv6n of the extent to rvhich it has bien found that variation mav occur in certailn of these characters. In the adult there are four main groups of taxonomic characters which are of particular significance: Chdetotaxy. The bristles of both the head and the mesonotum are of out- standing significance, but do show slight variation. Color. The color of the frons, orbits, antennae, palps, mesonotum, scutellum, legs, and in some cases abdomen, provides numerous characters of importance, but again there can be some variation and caution is therefore required in assessing the diagnostic value of color. Size and shape.
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