The Agromyzidae of Canada and Alaska

THE AGROMYZIDAE OF CANADA AND AI,A.SKA Kexxern A. SPr,xcEn* Entomology Research Institute, canada Department of Agriculture, ottawa

INTRODUCTION This paper is an initial handbook for identification of the Canadian Agromyzid^ae, with keys to genela and species. Illustrations of the male genitalia gin6n for all species in #nich males are known, except for a few cases where earlier"r"e figures are available. No "comprehensive paper on the Canadian Agromyzidae has previously. been published, altilough d.sciiptiotts of isolated spccieihave been.pre-gi1.d .by 4lll* \tOzv1, ioquilleit (lg02i, Curran (193la,^D), Frost (192+r, Melander (1913)' and ina serids of papers by Malloch between 1913 and 1918. Records of Canadian Agromyzidae ha'ieb..n .onu.nienrly summarised by Frick (1959) in"his synopsis oiXotth American species, and among those he lists as occurring_in Canada I have been able to .onfit- 41 as correJt. Frick in all deals with 206 described North American species, but these also include 16 of Neotropical distribution from the West Indies and Central America. Here. 290 species are recorded for Canada and Alaska. A breakdown of these by genera is shown in Table I: 147 species are described as new' 2J are new to Norih"America,T2 are shown to be Hoiarctic, and 13 are discussed as probable or possible introductions from Europe. In addition seven new synonymies have been established between American ind European species; two American sPecies previously synonymised ale now .esotr.ct.d^ as diitinct; four European names have in th.'past been incorrectly used for species now. described as new; one species hitheito considered as reitricted to North America and the Neotropical I{egion is recorded for the first time in the Palaearctic-Region, in Mongolia;.and fini'lly, one Nearctic name has been incorrectly applied to a Palaearctic species. A section is included below on world distiitution, to facilitate an assessment the as a whole.- A complete of the Canadian Agromyzidae in relation to family . Nearctic revision would have erceeded the scope of this paper, although many species which have been recorded or r,vill certainly be found to occul in the United Srates are also present in Canada. Nevertheiess a small number of North American species and some others from Europe are briefly- discussed in Appendix A and a complete list of North American species not clarified or discussed in detail in this paper is shown in Appendix B.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Collections Examined The basis of this paper is the material in the Canadian National Collection' Much of this had been determined by earlier wotkers, in many cases correctly' but as a detailed examination showed, in some cases incorrectly. It has only proved possible to study selectively part of the 10,000 or so undetermined speci- hens, but many species of interesr fiom this material have been included. I have aiso studied approximately 1,000 specimens collected by V. K' Sehgal and myself in Alberta. to a lesser extent in British Columbia, in the summer of D66, Lnd also additional"nd material collected by myself in Ontario and Quebec in July 1967. This personal collecting was concentrated wherever practicable on i-R.""-"h Arro"iut",

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF TIIE ENTOIVIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA TABLE I Table of Canadian Agromyzidae by genera

Neu'to Total New North America Holarctic ?Introductions

AcnollvzrNan Agromyza 34 1+ 10 Japanagromyza 2l Melanagromyza t7 14 Hexomyza 2l . 1 Ophiomyia 26 18 I 5 I Sub-total 81 48 16 1 PnvrouvzrN.q.o Phytobia 8 A Cerodontha Dizygomyza 18 6 A 7 1 Poemyza 8 2 2 1 Icteromyza 6 2 I 2 Cerodontha 3 1 1* 1 Calycomyza r.t 3 A 2 nrrrdLrrullr)zd-^.,-^*.,-^ 3 J Trilobomyza 2 1 1 j Nemoringyza 1 1 Liriomyza 36 19 6 Lemuriml.za 3 1 l\ T^t^nnm"'a 3 2 Praspedomyza 1 1 rD.^-:l^--,-^ Lsr ruurrrlzd 1 : 1 Haplornyza 1 . Phytoliriomyza 2 I I Paraphytomyza o 1 3 j Pseudonapomyza 2 1 Napomyza o I 1 Phytomyza 83 46 - 19 6

Sus-rorA.I- 209 oo 18 .)o 12

TOTAL 290 147 23 7,) IJ

+In this case new to Eastern Palaearctic.

rearing specimens from leaf-mines and in this way it has been possible to establish the host-plants of many of the new sPecies. Somi undetermined material fiom the United States National Museum, Washington, particularly from Alaska, has also been studied. Types of virtually all relevant species luve been examined. Unfortunately 'bien few it has possible to examine rype;-the in United States museums in only a cases. However, I have received greatest assistance in clarifying tyPes in the U.S. National Museum from Mr. G. Steyskal. Under "Material Examined" I have normally listed only Canadian sPecimens seen, but in certain cases where only very few specimens have been examined I have included references to material from Europe, the United States, or elsewhere.

P re paration of Descri ptiotts The descriptions have intentionally been kept brief, but it is hoped that they are sumciently complete to cover the main variable chalacters to give a uniqu€ combination, even when possibly later very similar new sPecies are discovered' It is felt that the illustrations of male genitalia, more than a lengthy description,

will serve to fix the identity of the species in question. During the course of this study the male genitalia of 7 50 specimens have been examined. 'For pre,riorisly-described spicies the information given includes abbreviated holotype location, lectotype designation if applicable, host-plant if known, and seiective references to earlier PaPers' Definitions Ratio of width of frons to eye: This is measured from above at the apex of the ocellar triangle. Ratio of height of jowl to eye: Jowl in this context is taken to mean jowl plus cheek. Numbering of the dorso-central bristles is from the rear forwards, as is customary in Euiopean literature, so thar the first refers to the strongest. The second iostal section is that part of the costa between the apex of veins r' and rz*g. The fourth costal section is that betvzeen the aPex of veins I++s afld IrIr*2. The costal ratio is the ratio between these two sections' The terminology used in discussing male genitalia is as defined by Frick (1952' p.3+9) and Nowakowski (1959, p. 189)'

Abbrepiations (a) Taxonomic characters acr as1o51ish2l5 dc - d615e-6sntral(s) f - femora ori - l6ws1 orbital bristle(s) ors - upper orbital bristle(s) prsc - pre-scutellars vte - outer vertical(s) vti - innef vertical(s) - (D) Type locations Admont Coll. Strobl, Admont' Austria Amsterdam - Zoological Museum, Amsterdam. Berlin - Zoololisches Museum der Humboldt Universitdt, Berlin, - D.D.R.. BM British Museum (Natural History), London CNC - Canadian National Collection, Ottawa Copenhagen - Universitetets Zoologiske A{useum, Copenhagen Helsinki - Zoological Museum 6f th. Uniu.rsity, Helsinki INHS - Illinoii Natural History Survel', Urbana, U.S'A. Lund - Zoological Insticute, University, Lund, Sweden MCZ - Museum of Comparative Zoo\ogy, Cambridge, Mass' Paris - Mus6e d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris Stockholm - Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm Stuttgart - N[u5surn fiir Naturkunde, Ludwigsburg, nr. Stuttgart, - Germanv UA Dept. of Enromology, University of Alberta, Edmonton USNM - United States NatiSnal Museum, Washingron, D.C' Vienna - Naturhistorisches A{useum, Vienna \ffarsaw - Zoologtcal Inscituten Warsaw - References to Canada should be taken to mean Canada and Alaska, unless otherwise specified.

IJnless otherwise noted, the holotypes of all species described from Canada r.vill be deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects. For the Dresent. holotvpes-of species collected personally have been retained in my own collection for readv reference. but these too will ultimatelv be deposited in the Canadian National Collection.

DIAGNOSTIC CIIARACTERS AND RANGE OF YARIATION Descriptions of Agromvzidae have in the past frequently been excessively long. In such cases the really significant characters can be Iost within a mass of detail which may not be necessarily relevant or diagnostic. It is felt that even brief descriptions can still provide an adequate diagnosis, provided significant characters are utilised. An attemDt is made below to outline those characters which in the opinion of the author ire the most valuable and sisnificant within the family Agromyzidae. At the same time an indication is giv6n of the extent to rvhich it has bien found that variation mav occur in certailn of these characters. In the adult there are four main groups of taxonomic characters which are of particular significance: Chdetotaxy. The bristles of both the head and the mesonotum are of outstanding significance, but do show slight variation. Color. The color of the frons, orbits, antennae, palps, mesonotum, scutellum, legs, and in some cases abdomen, provides numerous characters of importance, but again there can be some variation and caution is therefore required in assessing the diagnostic value of color. Size and shape. Many species can be separated on size or wing length, but there can be some overlapping. The shape of the head, eye, or third antennal segment is often significant and generally constant. MaIe genitalia. The genitalia provide a number of taxonomic characters of the greatest value, but it is invariably found that the aedeagus alone represents a character which is satisfactorily diagnostic of a species. Larval characters are particularly valuable in diagnosing certain species which mav not be seoarable on external characters. The most valuable of these are the arrangement oT the posterior spiracles and the formation of the mouth-parts. The leaf-mines produced by the larvae are also of the utmost value in diagnosing species even before adults are available, and the signi{icant characters of leaf- mines are discussed in a separate section below. The main characters which experience has shown to be of value in the groups briefly discussed above, are as follows:

Head There are normallv between three and six orbital bristles divided into two groups. The upper orbital bristles (ors) are generally inclined uprvards or slightly outwards; the lower orbital bristles (ori) may be inclined partly upwards but also frequently inwards. The strength and number of these bristles has great taxonomic significance, although there can be some variation within species. There are normallv two upper orbital bristles, v'hich may be equal in length, or the upper one is ireq.r.ntlli shorter or sometimes entirely lacliing. In feneral the relative strength of the ors is of greater taxonomic value than of the ori. The minute hairs immediately adjoining the eve margin referred to in this paper as orbital setulae can be used to diagnose many species, and in certain groups

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv such as phytotiriorn;;"; ;:"r;.*tdl* ,".:-ffi direction or in.ri,"] tion, the strength, and the number of rows present are all valuable characters. The size ind degree of shine of the ocellar triangle is frequently a valuable character but some variation occurs and these characters are of somervhat secondarv importrnce. The shape of the lunule is of particular significance in separating the sub- genera of the genus Cerodontha, as indicated in Fig. 195. The eye in the Agromyzidae is generally bare, but may be significantly pilose as in Cerodontha (Icterornyza) pollinosa or Phytormyza nigra. The general configuration of the head can be of considerable importance. In most species the orbits are not greatlv differentiated but in certain cases such as Melanagrontyza airens they miy be'greatly enlarged laterally, or in others significantly raised above the plane of the frons, as inCerodontha (Dizygomyza) labradorensis (Fig.207). The width of jowl in relation to the eye can show some slight variation, but where the jorvls are unusually narrow or unusually broad this can be a valuable character. The facial keel is normally not pronounced, but may be conspicuously developed and of generic significance as tn Ophiomyir;t, where the raised keel entirely divides the base of the antennae. In thc same genus the vibrissa in the male is normally, although not invariably, replaced by a bunch of bristles which are fused to form a vibrissal fasciculus (Fig. 123). The shape and pilosity of the third antennal segment is of considerable significance. While the normal form is round or slightlv longer than broad with slight bur not pronounced pilosity, in certain cases the third antennal segment mav be elongated (Fig. ZO7) or may have conspicuously long pubescence as in Liriotnyza millefolii (Fig. 308) or Phytornyza lactucn (Fig. +50). The presence of a well-defined epistoma above the mouth-margin is of significance in some Phytobia species such as P. betulivora (Fig. t81) or the group of Phytom.yza species dealt rvith in couplets 29 md 30. The color of the various parts of the-head is of the utmost significance. The color of the frons and the antennae is obviously important. Ir may be yellowisl'r white, yellowish orange, brown, or entirely black. There can be slight variation in this coloration, but generally it provides a good raronomic character. In black species the antennae are invariablv black, while in yellowish species the third antennal segment may be yellow, slightly darkened, or entirely black.

Mesonotum The chaetotaxy of the mesonotum is of great significance. In the grass- feeding Agromyza species there are a number of dorso-centrals (dc) greatly reducing in size, and frequentlv with no pre-sutural dc. On the other hand in the spiraeae group feeding on Rosaceae, there are alrvays 3f 1 dc, with the pre- sutural one strong and well developed. There is some degree of variation in the number of acrostichals (acr), but in most species these are quite clearly either in two rows or in four or mavbe in six or more rows. In a few cases such as Phytomyza plantaginis and P. syngenesine, acr are entirely lacking. The presence or absence of pre-scutellars (prsc) is always of importance. In the case of lapunagromyzd this can be of generic significance, where the general arrangement of bristles on the mesonotum is as in Melanugrowyza,but this genus never has the well-developed prsc which are found in lapanagromyzd.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAI SOCIETY OF CANADA The color of the mesonotum can be a valuable character. It can be partially yellow in some Agrontyza, Liriomyza, and Phytornyza species but is generally'gray or more rarely bror.vnish or brilliantly shining black. In a few Melanagromyza species it may be greenish or bluish.

Legs These provide a few good taxonomic characters, mainly color of the coxae, femora, or tibiae. The presence of a lateral bristle on the fore-tibiae is important for distinguishing some Melanagrornyza and f apanagromyza .species, and also Nernoriwyzd posticdtt;t. The presence of one, rwo, or sometimes mor-e strong bristles on the mid-tibiae is somewhat variable. but can nevertheless be of specific significance.

Wing The wing length is invariably a valuable character. Important venational -oresence characters are the or absence of the second cross-vein and its position, either towards the winq base or well beyond the termination of vein r'1 and also the relative lenqth of thi last and penultimate sections of vein m,*,. The extension of the costa t;the apex of vein m,." or its reduction to the apex of r*.u is significant, and also in many species the costal ratio. The color of the halteres is normallv but not alwavs constant within the different genera. For instance. in Ophiowyla there is one species, O. nberratts Spencer from South Africa, with entirely r'vhite halteres. Also in the genus Awaurowyza rvhere the halteres are normally black, they are distinctly paler, grayish irL subinfurnara N{alloch, while in rnaculosa N{alloch which may possibly be found to occur in southern Canada they are variegated, mainly white' but with a distinct black soot above. The color oi the squamal fringe is frequently a character of importance; it Ianges from silvery-white to jet blick and shows remarkably little variation.

Abdomen The color of the abdomen is constant in many species, for instance entirely black in most Agro?nyzd) or greenish as in Melartdgrolnyza virens or largely yellor,v in most Liriomyza. In Certain species particularly in the genus Phytomyza ihe hind-margins of the tergites mav be partially yellow, but the degree to which this pale color is present cin ,rary considerably and this character must be used rvith^caution. In extreme cases such as Phytomyza anemotli'.)orcr the abdomen is entirely bright yellow in both seres.

Male Genitalia The male genitalia in the Agromyzidae have now assulned ertreme significance, both for the identification of individual species and also for the clarification of gencric relationships. They represent a large complex of taxonomic characters rvhich show remarl

Larvae In a number of species lan'al or pupal charactels can provide a much mole ready means of identification than those of the adults. This is particularly true in the genus Melanagrontyza where the posterior spiracles arc highly difrerentiated and iniariably charicteristic of the speiies conceined. In the primitive form of posterior spiiacles, each has three bulbs as in Phytobia betuliaoru (Fig. 183) or there may be numerous such bulbs as in Ophiomyia simpler (Fig' 171). Thc mouth-parts can shorv sliqht but characteristic differences, as can be secn betrveen f Liriontyzd pelacttsis 319J. Tn: Liriotnyzr .nscl.epindis. Fig. ZOtl and lFig. anrerior spiracles and varibus sfructures on the cuficle can also provide goo.l diagnostic characters. LEAF-MINES X'Iost Aqromvzidae arc leaf-miners and the larva f orms a characteristic fecding prtte"ttr on a singlc plant, or mavbe on a grouP of related plants. This leaf-mine is in itself a laxonomic character of the greatest value, frequently permitting immediate determination of the species concerned u'ithout reference io the adult itself. Leaf-mines can be idcntified, rfter idenrification of the host- plant, according to the manner in v-hich the larva feeds and the particular part of the leaf in which it feeds. In most species the larva forms an upper surface mine. This implies that it feeds in the upper layer of cells lying immediatelv below the epidermis in the area of the palisade parenchyma. Such mines are readilv visible on the upper surface of the leaf. They mav be largely linear (Fig. 532) or serpendnabr they mav form an obvious blotch (Fig. 533), which ma1'be roughll. circular or irregular in outline. The mine mav adjoin the lcaf-margin or lhvays be in the centie of the leaf: it mav lie alons the midrib with lateral olTshoots (Fig. 3aS). In a smaller number oT species t"he larva feeds in the lou'er cclls of the spongv parenchvma; such mines are often entirely invisible when examining the lcaf from abovc, ancl frequentlv escape detection. The larva of,some species fceds in the cenrre of the leif betr,veen the nvo adjoining layers of the palisade and spongv parenchvma. Such mines are called inter-parenchymal and invariably assume a yellowish coloration. They are frequentlv clverlooked and not recog- nized as tiue mines. A furthcr type of feedine is the full-depth mine, in rvhich both Iayers of cells are ceten, the'mine then ippearing largelv t,ransparent. A further'whole range of characters of leaf-mines is pro.'ided 6y thc rvay in tvhich the larva deposits its frass. This may be in the form of small black pellets or short strips *l-ti.h may be u'idely spaced or interconnected, or alternately on one side of rhe mine and the other. The mine may be virtually rvithout frass until the very end, u'here the entire frass is excreted at once; this may be black or it

may be greenish. On completion of feeding, the larva may leave the mine through a semici"rcular exit slit, either on the upper surface of the leaf or on the lowel surface; or alternatively it may p"pri6 within the leaf, sometimes r,vith the anterior spiracles projecting througi ihe leaf epidermis in a characteristic fashion, or slued io the le"f on a pile of friss, as in Caly cotnyzd proTnissa (Fig. 266). " host is limited Most Agromyzida. ,t. -onophagous, that is their choice of where to plant ,p..1.. in one genus. M&e r"arely strict monophagy,occurs -only a single sp..i., of piani is attacked. A considerable number however are oligo- phag"ous,'in other words feed indiscriminately on P1ants of different genera, but few truly poiyph-ag99s species il."fi"a to one family. There are very 9l{. .th"- -o"ly such species knot n in Canada are Liriomyza sorosis {nd Lirioruyza trif olii. Host- *,"i discussed bv Spencer (1965h, 191)- ^plant ielection as an aid to taxono*v P. It should perhaps finallv be added that the host-plants are known of 746 Canadian species, representing exactly 50"1 of the total.

ORIGIN AND PHYLOGENETIC RET,ATIONSHIPS A number of fossil Agromvzidae have been described from Baltic amber and othcr Tertiary deposits, a"ll from Europe, but Hennig (1965, pp. 125-126). has shown that some cert"iniy belong to other families such-as Sciadoceridae, Clusiidae, and possibly Chloropidae, r,r'hile-the positior of all others remains doubtful, r'vith no pbsitive'evidence that thcy correctly belong to the Agromyzidae as at Plesent ,rnderstood, Hering (lg30b\ described PhytSrnyza lethT from a leaf-min-e from the upper N,Iiocene." Hendel (i931, p. 15) expressed so-me. doubt whether this represenrs an agromyzid mine at all, ind is even more doubtful u'hether it can correctly be asiociated u.ith the most modern genus Pltytonty_zt.- In his. description Hering states, without any qualification, il.rat at the end of the mine there is a semiciicular exit slit and tiris'of course is characteristic of the leaf-mines of many species of Agromvzidae. This exit slit is not obviouslv visible in the phoiographs replodriced in Hering's paper, but there seems little reason to doubt ihat Flering's description was accurate on this important point. Henni! (1958, p. 611; 7965, p. 119) suggesrs thrt the.familv.most closely related to ih. Asrornvzidae is the OdiniidaE-but t'rites: "ldsst sich zwar ein entscheidend.t itotrd fiir die Annahme eines Schr'r'estergrupPenverhdltnisses zrvischen Odiniidae und Agromyzidae nicht beibringen, ebensou'enig aber ein entscheidender Gegengrund." I have recently examined the male genitalia of Odiniidre in the genera I{eoalticotnerus, Odinia, and Tragirlops a;d the general similarity of structure bctween these and the Agromvzidae is immedialely aPParent. Although the aedeagus itself is a reduced,"simple structure in the Odiniidie, the strong aedeagal apodeine, moclified ninth sternit-e, fot- of surstyli, and the whole general a-r-range- ment is exactly as in the Agromvzidae" There is clearly a closer similarity betr,veen the glnitalia of these" two families than of either to any. other family- Hennig's supiosition can therefore be confirmed and it can definitely be stated that tliere is a sister-group relationship between these tr'vo families. Rohdendorf (1964, p. 109) forma"lly adopts the same standpoint by reducing the Odiniidae to subfamilv status within the Asromvzidae. Nowakorvski (1962, p. i70) r.rqg.rtr thar the genus Phytobia provided the ancesror of the family Agiomyzidae, ivith the original feeding habit of the family by all members of boring in the cambiuir of toor.g nvigs of tfee-s - retaine-d -the senui u,.hose life-history is'knor.in. However, Selachops fl'auocincta Wahlberg

from Europe (cf. Hendel 1931-36, p. 514, as Encoelocera bicolor Loew) aPPears to be an even more primitive species. Primitive characters in common between the two genera rre s?out build and large size, and enlarged surstyli divided by a complete suture from the epandrium. The yellorv scutellum of Selachops is a derived character present in a number of Phytobia species .such as P. diversata Spencer from Taiwan (Spencer l96la, p.81) and four of the five Neotropical species (Spencer 1966e, male genitalia Selachops have the -p. 143). The of (Figs. the ground-plan of ,1" divided aedeagus- 551, 552) belonging to Agromyzidae. Of particular interest, however, is the fact that this is the only spicies in the Agromyzidae having the apex of the scutellum betr.veen the scutellar bristles conspicuouslv haired. Itls sis'nificant that this is a characteristic of three of the six described genera of the O-diniidae Schildotttyia, Paratrtginops, l-nd Traginops (Shewell tlOO, p. 625) placed by- Hennig (1965, p' 120) in the sub- family Traginopinae. It ihus appeari- that not only are Phytobia and Selachops sister-groupi but the sister-group relationship between the Agromyzidae and Odiniidae ilready evident fiom the similariry'the of the male genitalia is further confirmed by the common characteristic of haired scutellum in the genus Selachops (Agromyzidae) and the sub-family Traginopinae (Odiniidae). Hennig (tlOl, p. 124) described as Piotodiiea ilectrica a ne-.iv.sprcies of Odiniidae from Baltic amber. In vielv of the sister-group relationship between the Odiniidae and the AgromYzidae it can thercfore be deduced u'ith reasonable certainty that the Aeror;"-zidae also cxisted as a distinct family at the time of the Baltic amber. which"is generatlv placed at lxfc Eocene or eariv Oligocene, -It.is worth noting here thai at approximately the same period at least some of the families of Acalvptrates were present and at a similar stage of developmen! 1l.ln. Nearctic Region.- Sabrosky (9ey describcs a new fossil species of lttilichiidae from Mexican amber, even placing it in the modern genus PhylloTnyz(t' All the 23 families so fJr known to be represented in Baltic amber are those containing relatively few present-day species. Hennig ( 1965, p. 28) erpresses some surprise that iarge families such as Trl'petidae, rvitl'r up to 3,500 modern species, ri.d ,ho Agroityzidae, have not yet been confirmed from amber deposits. There are two immediate possible explanations for this lack of AgromVzidae-in amber. The dominant trei in the Amber forcsts was pine and certainly under presenr conditions pine forests provide the least iar-orablc conditions for Agromyzidae. Evenif large numbirs of species had already evolved at that time, itls thus conceivable thai relativelv few were present in the Amber forests' Among Acalyprrates rhe Agromr zidae are onc oI the families with- the largest number of spe-ies and it seems certain that the actual u'orld total to-day must be substantially in excess of 2,500 species. There are many large specics grouPs particularly in the genera Melandgrontyzn, Liriomyza, and Phytowyza, -"vhere the speciei concerndd shorv only small differences and speciation is. -clearly o.f recent origin. Thus even accepting the probability that the Agromyzidae as such existed atihe time of the Amber deposits. it seems very probable that the number of species t as small. Tlre leck of Agromvzidnc in amber therefore calls for no special comment; it is iust one of the many families of Acalyptrates of r'vhich no fossils have yet been found. WORLD DISTRIBUTION The world total of described Agromyzidae is now 1,638 species and a breakdor.vn by genela and zoogeographical regions is given in Table II. A summary by regions is shown in Table III.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA TABLE II 'fable of 'rvorld species by genera and regions

Aus.- N.Z. Or.-Pac. Pal.-Jap. Nearctic Neot. Ethiop. Overl. Total AcnoltrztxAn Agron'ryza I 13 (2) 77 (rt) 28 (10) 6 (1) ls (s) 17 157 Japanagrom-vza ( 1 ) tn_tO s (2) 4 (2) 12(2) 2 s Penetagroml'z 1- I Nlelanagrom-vza 15 (9) nn_,n, 28 (4) 27 (e) 1e (8) 100 (6) 22 260 Hexomyza 3 (2) 3 (1) 1n 9 Ophiornyia 4 (3) s (4) 3s (6) 24 (7) 7 (2) 20 (+) 11 106 Sub-total 20(13) 86(18) 148 (40) 86 (2e) 44(13) 13e(1s) s7 580 PrrvrolrvzilaB Selachops 1-1 Phytobia s.str. 11 Phytobia s.lat. 4 Cerodontha 6 r+

Norr: The ligures in parentheses indicate the overlapping species, occurring not only in the region concerned_ but also in one or more of the olher regions. The last column bui one lists the actual number of such bi- or multi-regional.species' The total in e:ch genus is therefore obtained by adding across ignoring the overlapping species given in parentheses. ABBRE\rArro\s: Aus. N.2.. Atrstralia-\-elv Zealand: Or.-Pac., Oriental-Pacific; Pal.-Jap., Palaearctic-Japan; Neot., Neotropical; Ethiop., Ethiopian; Overl., overlapping.

Although Agromyzidae have now been collected and studied from all regions, there are still maior gaps in our knowledge and the overall picture as seen to-day r.vill inevitably change to some extent with further collecting, particularlv in the United States and the Neotropical and Oriental reqions. Nevertheless certain important facts of regional distribution now emerg; which will probably only change in detail, not in essence, as our knowledge increases. It will be seen that the sub-family Agromyzinae accounts for 580 species, or 35"A of the total. This proportion is not likely to change substantially, as although many further Meldnagromyzil species await discovery in sub-tropical areas, the numbers of Liriomyzd and PhytoTnyzd species from northern, temperate areas will also increase. The six main genera, Phytomyzd, Melanflgrornyz(x) Liriomyza, Agromyzu, Cerodontha, and Ophiunyia, together account for 78'A

'f otal (including o/o of overl:rpping r/r, o[ Overlapping regional species) world total Endenic species total

Australia-N.2. 68 4 L7 21 31 Oriental-Paci6c 167 10 138 29 17 Palaearctic Japan 828 50 723 105 1J Nearctic 375 23 269 106 28 Neotropical 150 9 118 JL 21 Jltnropla n 226 74 r97 29 l.)

of known species and the remaining 22'./. are divided among 24 further genera, no less than seven of r.vhich are monotvpic. It is neverthelesi probable thit at least the genera Phytomyzu, Melanagromyza, Liriomyza) and Agromyza rvill in the future be split into a number of smaller, more strictly monoph)rletic genera. It has- already become appa-rent that the group of diminutivb epiderrial miners included in Melanugromyzd, rvhich are limited to the Old lVorld tropics, southern Japan and northern Australia, certainly deserve separate generic status. The Palaearctic Region includes no less tharr 50'l of r,vorld species. If the Holarctic Region is considered as a whole, r,vith 1131 species (deducting the 72 Holarctic spdcies from the totals of the Palaearctic and Nearctic re"sions in Table II) the proportion rises to 69\. At the opposite extreme the Aistralian Region has on^ly 41. Australia also has the highest proportion of overlapping sPecies, 311, maiily accounted for by the subsiantial-inliux in relatively r"i"trl times of Oriental species from the Ndrth. The high proporrion of ove'rlapping species in_the Nearitic Region can be explained not ;ly by the species in com-oi with the Palaearctic Region but also bv ihe numerous rp..i.s which have extended their range northwards from the Neotropical Region'to the south. It is certain that the.2l/" overlap in_ the Ne_otropical Region, a-imost enrirely accounted for by sp-ecies in common with the Nearctic Region, will appreciably diminish in view of the- numerous species certainly awaitiirg discovery^ throughout the region. . Although the lirge genera occur virtua'ily throughout the"world, the dlstribu- tion rs v€ry-uneven. Some points of significance in this distribution are briefly discussed below.

Agrornyza _._Approximately two-thirds of the genus occurs in the Holarctic Region. It is unlikely that this-proportion will su6stantially change with further"collecting. The .genus has jusf reached Australia (one species, A. testacea Spencer, 1963i) and is poorly in the Neotropical species, -represented Region (six one certainly introduced (cf. Spencer 1963c, p. Z9+)).

lapanagromyza ...This.genus.was erected for a small group of species in Japan. Subsequently additional species were found in N{icronesia-, Nerv Guinea, Indonesia, and elsewhere in S. Asia, with one species in Australia and one, l. salicif olii collin (cf. Hendel L931-36, p. ta8), ocCurring across cenrral Asia to rhe Mediterranean; a ::."19 group of species occurs in the Neorropical Region, including sourhern Florida (Spencer 1963c, p. 300; 1966d, p.2), with the ringe of two sfecies now

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Melanagromyza This is the second largest world genus r.vith 260 species. It is the dominant genus in the Old lVorld tropics and may prove to occupy the same relative position in the Nerv World tropics but insuflcient material has as yet been examined to establish this for certain. While there is a small overlap in species between the Ethiopian and Oriental regions indicating some recent interchange, there is none betrveen these two regions and the Neotropical Region, suggesting a relatively early, at least late Tertiary, movement either from Asia into South America or posiinty in the reverse direction. There are no Holarctic species in this genus. M. angelicae (Frost) described from the United States has been recorded in Western Europe but the European population has recently been found to represent a distinct species (Spencer, in press). The Nearctic and Palaearcric regions each have onlv ll"/" of the world total. The proportion of species in this fenus in the Holarctic Region. representing only 221, is strikingly at variance with the 691 for the entire family. The figure of 22"/. .riIl certainly be further reduced in future, as far more new species in this genus will be discovered in the Neotropical, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions than in the Holarctic Region. It is tempting to deduce from these figures that this genus had its origin either in the Old World Tropics or in Central or South America. Too little material has been studied from these areas to orovide an\r real evidence as to which is the more probable centre of origin.

Ophimnyia Of the world total of 106 species, 64, or 60f , are found in the Holarctic Region, divided almost equally betu'een the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. There has been intensive collecting of this genus in Europe but probably as many new species await discovery in the Nearcric Region, in particular in the United States, as in the Neotropical, Ethiopian, and Oriental regions. The predominance of the genus in the northern hemisphere is therefore not likely to be radically altered by furure collecting.

Hexowyza This small genus occurs primarily in the Holarctic Region, where seven out of the eight woild species are-found. A single species, H. gymngy.oritsora (Sp.), occurs ii South Africa, forming twig-galls exactly as in the Holarctic species (cf. Spencer 1966b, p. 39).

Phytobia At present, 47 species are known in this genus which is found throughout the woild except Australia, with approximately equal representation in the Palaearctic, Neirctic, and Oriental regions. More species can certainly be expected in the Neotropical Region and I have lecently seen one undescribed species from Peru. There are no Holarctic species and in fact no true overlap between any regions; P. xanthophora (Schiner) is essentially Neotropical but has also been recorded in New Mexico (Spencer 1963c, p. 333).

Cerodontha With the recent extension of the concept of Cerodontha s. str. to embrace also the sub-genera Dizygomyza, Icteroznyza, and Poemyza placed by Frick (1959) inPhytobia,Cerodonthu s.Lat. is now one of the largest genera with 133 species, represerated in all regions. The genus appears to be dominant in the Holarctic Region with 96 species, or 701 of the world total, although further species certainly await discovery in the southern hemisphere (I have seen an undescribed species mining Csrex at Caracas, Venezuela). There is a significantly higher proportion of Holarctic species in this genus, 401, than in any of the other larger genera (see pp. 2l-22).

Colycomyza The dominance of this genus in the Neotropical and Nearctic regions is striking, where 39 of the 40 world species are found. The only species known to occur exclusively outside these regions is C. gigantissirna Spencer, 1959 from the Congo and South Africa. Two are of wide distribution, C. humeralis being one of the few truly cosmopolitan species and C. artemisiae occurring not only in Canada and Colombia but also in Europe and China (see p. 146). The present distribution suggests that this genus had its origin in the New World, probably in Central or South America, with only very limited dispersal across the Bering bridge to Asia and beyond.

Liriomyza With 231 species this is the third largest genus. Although it is represented in all regions, it is essentially a temperate genus with noticeably few species in the Ethiopian and Oriental regions. The numbers in these regions will not increase significantly but it seems likely that many further species can be expected from the Neotropical Region. At the present time the Holarctic Region accounts for 80/" of species.

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Phytoliriomyza This is another small genus of 11 species, also rePres€nted throughout the world, and it is clearly clJsely related to Lenntrimyza. Certain species in this genus have the halreres partiaily darkened. The type of the..genus, P. arctica, t., unusually wide climatic tolerance and is se*icosm_opolitan (see p.202), occurring". from'Greenland to Brazil and from the Canary Islands to Formosa.

Paraphytomyza This genus has 47 species, limited to the Holarctic Region; of these only six occur in the Nearctii Region. A relatively recent origin in the Palaearctic Region seems probable.

Psendottapomyza The main centres for this genus are the Ethiopian and Oriental regions, rvhere 26 of the 27 known specieJoccur (Spencer 7965e,1966f). There afe two distinct groups, one feeding'on Gramineae and the other on Acanthaceae' There is one liolaritic species. F. otrr, and one endemic to North America, P' lacteipennis. one species, P. spicata Malloch, occurs widely from the Ethiopian Region to Australia as far south as Sydney.

Napomyza The 38 species of this genus are largely confined to the HolarcticRegion but 4 species oc.or in Africa, iin South Africa, and 1, N. strana Sp., in Tanganyika ar an altitude of 2500 m (cf. Spencer 1965e, p.271). There is only a single Holarctic species, N. lateralis.

Pbytowyza This is by far the largest genus, with 400 species. It-is predomi"lty temperate and'poorly t.pt.ti.tt"{even in sub_-tropiCal.area.s. No less than 93'/. of species occur in the Holarctic Region. It piovid.es the most cold-adapted ,p..i., in the family, four of which are recorded in canada (p. 26) living exclusivelv in the High Arctic tundra.

RELATIONSHIPS OF CANADIAN AGROMYZIDAE The migration of animals and insects between Asia an_d North America via by Dyke (!V+01, Beringia has"been discussed in many PaPers of which those _Van dealirig with Coleoptera, Simpson Q9a7) dealing with mammals,.and Ross (1956) deatn[ with Trici-roptera may be particularly mentioned. I,indroth's (1957) "on book the faunal connections between Europe and North America deals primarily with introduced species. ' That migrationl have been possible and indeed ir"rr" ."k". place at various'periods during ihe Tertiary is clearly established but

even in the case of mammals where there is a substantial fossil record Simpson frequently expresses doubt about the exact dates and above all the directions of migrations. Fossil records of insects are inevitably fragmentary and the assurance and orecision with which some workers chart the times and directions of move- menf of insect families throughout the Tertiary seems somewhat adventurous. With regard to the Agromyzidae it is reasonably certain that the family was present in the Arcto-Tertiarv forest which extended during the Eocene in an unbroken belt from Greenhnh throush Alaska to Eastern SiSeria. Remnants of this temperate forest now exist more-than 1000 miles to the south in the United States and even today show an unmistakable resemblance to the forests of NE. Asia. Many modern plant genera familiar as hosts of the Agromyzidae, such as Acer, Alnus, Betula, Carex, Cornus, Populus, Quercus, Salix, and Ulmus, have been confirmed in the Arcto-Tertiary forests of North America (Chaney 1947)' The continuity of distribution of these and doubtless numerous other hosts between North America, NE. Asia, and northern Europe thus made possible migrations of Agromyzidae in both directions, accounting for the overall resemblance between the Palaearctic and Nearctic species aPParent today, with very'The few genera not common to the two regions. danadian Agromyzidae can be coiveniently divided into four distinct grouPs: 1. Species introduced in modern times by human agency, 2. True Holarctic species which have moved into Canada from Asia via Beringia or in the opposite direction at different periods between the Pleistocene and late Pliocene or in a few cases possibly even earlier. 3. Species which can clearly be associated with related species in the Palaearctic Region but the populations have been isolated for suffici6ntly long for speciation to have taken pla-e. Interchanges of the ancestors of present-day species in this group could have taken place earlier in the Tertiary. 4. Endemic species, some certainly of early origin. A list of T2Holarctic species now recorded in Canada is given below. Those marked with an asterisk represent certain or probable introductions and it will be seen that only l3 species, representing l8'/., fall into this category.

Hor,ancnc Sprcros Rpconono rN CeNaoa (species marked with asterisk represent introductions) GoNus Agrowyza A. albipennis Mg. A. pseudoreptans Now. A. albitarsis Mg. A. reptans Fall. A. ambigua Fall. A. spiraeae Kalt. A. lucida Flend. A. spiraeoidearum Hg. A. nigripes Mg. A. sulfuriceps Strobl

Gcnus Hexornyza H. schineri (Giraud)

GBNus Ophiomyia O. labiatarum Hg. O. pulicaria (Mg.) O. maura (Mg.) *O. simplex (Loew) O, nasuta (Mel.)

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GnNus Calycomyza C. artemisiae (Kalt.) C. solidaginis (Kalt.; C. humeralis (Roser)

GBNus Amauromyza A. abnormalis (Mall.) A. karli (Hend.)

GoNus Trilobomyza *T. flavifrons (Mg,)

GeNus Nem.orimyza N. posticata (Mg.)

GrNus Liriomyza L. angulicornis (Mall.) L. melampyga (Loew) (- triglochinae Hend.) (- impatientis Bri.) L. brassicae (Riley) L. millefolii Hg. L. eupatorii (Kalt.) L. taraxaci Hg.

Gexus Lemurimyza L. dorsata (Siebke) (- reverberata Mall.)

GeNus Prdspedomyzct P. galiivora Sp.

GrNus Pteridomyza P. hilarella (Zen.) (- clara Mel.)

GeNus Phytoliriomyza P. arctica (Lundbeck)

GeNus Paraphytomyza P. lonicerae (R.-D.) *P. populicola (Walker) P. luteoscutellata (de Meij.)

GBNus Pseudonaponzyza P. atra (Mg.)

GBNus Napomyza N. lateralis (Fall.)

Group 1- Introductions from Europe Among introduced species the most obvious is Phytomyza ilicis feeding on holly, itself introduced into the Vancouver area. Phytomyzn nepetde was found commonly in the Ottaw a area, wherever its introduced food-plant, Nepeta cdtarid, occurred. Phytomyza plantaginis was common at Ottawa on Plantago maior, which is also introduced. Trilobomyza fl.aaifrons, which is particularly common on cultivated Dianthus in Europe. has been found in the Ottawa area on Dianthus and also at Pelee, on Saponoiia officirtalis, another introduction from Europe. Paraphytornyza populicola apparently appeared on Populus in the Ottawa area in large numbers for the first time in 1956. Several species in the Maritimes are evi-dently introductions. Cerodontha flauocingulara has been recorded only in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Phytomyza rufipes only in New Brunswick and Newfoundland, and Phytomyza varipes only in Nova Scotia. Phytomyza ranwtculi is apparently common in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland where it has doubtless been introduced. However, it is also present in Alberta and it seems probable that this represents a genuine Holarctic population. Lindroth (1957, p. 125) summarises the species in common between Europe and North America in 34 groups of animals, including 20 families of insects, and indicates that the average percentage of introduced species is between 41 and 46%. He has adduced much fascinating evidence of introductions into North -but America particularly among Coleoptera, the disproportionate attention given to this aspect of the problem tends to obscure the basic source of common species, which is without question the Bering land bridge. Lindroth's average figure of 4l-46% introductions is substantially above the figure of 201 obtaining in the Agromyzidae but this average figure is somewhat meaningless, with the percentage of introductions for differing groups ranging from nil to 100/.. Of far greater significance is the very small percentage introductions represent of the Nearctic species as a whole, which in the case of the Agromvzidae is 4"1.

Groztp 2 -True Holarctic Species The Holarctic species represent 24/. of the Canadian total; however, they should more properly be considered as a proportion of the whole Holarctic Region and the percentage then drops to 7"/". Table IV shows for the six main genera the percentage of Holarctic species both of the Canadian total and also of the Holarctic total. The higher proportion of Holarctic species in the genus Cerodontha appears to be significant. This genus feeds predominantly on Gramineae and Cyperaceae,

Holarctic species

Total in Holarctic nk?J,x cd:^&l^^ Region total total

Phytomyza Jtz 5 2l Melanagromyza 50 Liriomyza 176 -J 11 Agromyza 105 9 30 Cerodontha 90 tl 40 Ophiomyia 64 8 t6

in fact the plants most likely to be present in the impoverished flora of the Bering bridge. An analysis of the host-plants of Holarctic species is equally revealing. In this case the 59 true Holarctic species are considered, excluding the 13 species treated as introductions. The families with more than one species are shown in Table V. The following families provide the hosts for a single species: Balsaminaceae (Impatiens), Chenbpodiaceae (Amaranthus, Chenopodium), Cornaceae (Cornus), C.ruciferae (many genera), Labiatae (many genera), Polypodiaceae (Pteridium), Rubiaceae (Galiirm), Scrophulariaceae (Pediculuri.s),Umbelliferae (Heracleum).. The host of two speciei (Amauromyza karli and Lemurimyza dorsata) is unknown. The fisures above strikinglv confirm the evidence from the genus Cerodonthd, that is, that" feeders otr gtrtr"{ sedges, and rushes have been abl6 to cross Beringia in larger numbers in mo-re recent times than species whose hosts would be-expected much the to bJ sparsely-Hori'ever, represented on the land bridge existing through of Pleistocene. the picture given by-Flint (1947, p.529) of the land connection between Alaska Siber-i" as "a broad plain covered by long, thick grass" evidently oversimplifies"nd the floristic assemblage which must in fact have existed. It seems clear that most, if not all, the host-plants of the Holarctic Agro- myzidae must have been established on the Bering land bridge, either during .the wirmer interglacials or possibly during the late Tertiary. It is therefore possible to reconst.ruct the balanied but doubtless sparse flola existing in Beringia at one or

TABLE V Host-plants of Holarctic species

Number Percentage

M onocotyledoneae 22 38 (Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Juncaceae * Cer. (Ict.) poll'inosa) Dicotyledoneae Compositae (many genera) 12 20 Caprifoliaceae (Lonicera) .tJ Rosaceae (many genera) 35 Urticaceae (Urtica) Salicaceae (Populus) 23

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Close Relutiaes in the Palaearctic Region Group 3 - Species t;;ith A large group of species fall into this category in which there are very closely related, if not actual sister-species, Present on the one hand in Canada and on the other in the Palaearctic Resion. Some of the obvious cases are as follows:

Cexeoe Par,apencrtc RBcroN Agromyza canadensis Malloch A. pseudorufipes Nowakowski (1964' p' 2ot) A. vockerothi sp. n. A. betulae Sasakawa (1961, p. 313) (cf. Hendel 193l-36, Japanagromvza viridula (Coq.) J. salicifolii (Collin) p.1a8) -aenea Melanagromyza martini sp. n. M. Meigen (cf. Spencer 1966b' p. 10) Hexomyza albicula sp. n. H. cecidogena Hering (cf. Spencer 1966&, p. 3e) Ophiomyia banffensis sp. n. O. aeneonitens Strobl (cf. Spencer 1964a, p. 77e) Cerodontha frankensis sp. n. C. flavocingulata Strobl (present in Canada but only as introduction) C. thompsoni (Frick) C. ireos (cf. Hendel 1931-36, p. 83) Liriomyza philadelphivora sp. n. L. philadelphi Sasal

It will be seen that the genus providing most of these obvious sister-species is Phytomyza. The large number of closely-related species in this, the largest genus in the family, indicates that it is still in the process of full development. Many of the species are clearly of recent origin and it is possible that a number of these sister-ipecies have speiiated during th-e Pleistocene-, It is interesting to find that four Canadian species, Agromyza aocker.othi, Liriomyza philadelphivora, Phytomyza aralivora, and P. asterophagd, have sister- species in Japan. It is equally interesting to record that there is n_ot one species with a distri-bution limited to Japan and the Nearctic Region. There has thus been no recent interchange between Japan and North America but there clearly has been an interchange al a somewhat iarlier date, r'vhich has provided sufficient time for speciation to take place in the tr,vo areas. In fact, geological evidence indicates that the last time Japan rvas connected to the mainland of China was early in the Pleistocene and this was presumablv rvhen the ancestors of these four species- had a continuous distribution betrvein Japan and North America. Three further pairs of sister-species are of lnterest. Phytomyza mittuscula is widespread in Europe and also occurs in Japan. Trvo closely-related. spec.ieg' P. aquiiegiuora and P. thatictrivor7, occur in Canada, either of which (cf. genitalia, Figs.401, 520) could be the true sister-species of mjnusc-ula (Fig. 547), ivith furthe*i subsequent speciation having taken place in Canada. P. humilis, th_e sister-sPecies of known only from British'Columbia, is without question ..P. cortusif olii, a leaf-miner on Ranuncultts cortusif olius in the Canary Islands. The

Group 4 - Endernic Spe cies The great majority of Canadian species are endemic to the Nearctic Region' Most do not appear to be obviously of great age and can readily be included in genera which bccur widely in the Palaearctic Region or even throughout the world. A few species nevertheless appear to merit further discussion' Cerodontha (Icterotnyza) fuscifioni is known from a single localitv in Quebec, 30 miles north of-Otiawa. Its distinctive genitalia (nig.-Zle) and dark coloration suggest that its nealest relative is C. fl.oresensls Spencer (1961a, P' 841 described frJri Flores, Indonesia, and subsequently recorded on Negros and Mindanao in the Philippines (Spencer 19659, pl 8).'Such a disiunct dislribution of sister-species is eniirely plausible. The sub-genus lcterowyza is small but occurs thrbughout the Holarctic Region and has been recorded at widely separated localities in ihe Oriental Resion and also in Australia and Africa. Icteromyza pitiseta Becker has a particulirlv wide distribution from the Cape Verde Islands, across Africa to the Seychelles,'Fofmosa, and Micronesia (Spencer 1961a, P..85). It is therefore certain lhat this is an old grouP. However, it is not possible to establish when the intelchange of the incestor of fuscifrons and fl.ores.ens.is between the northern and southern hemispheles took place but presumably in mid- or late Tertiarv from some centre in Eastern Asia. Calycomyza gigantea appears to be the closest relative of C. gigantissima, the single species of this genus (ipart from the cosmopolitan C. hurn:eralis)_occurring in ihe iithiopian Reglon, rvhich has been recorded from the Belgian Cong.o and South Africr (Spenier 1963e, p. 113). These are the only two.species in the genus having th-e aedeagus strongly divided (Fig.251), a primitive chalacter 6elonging to"the ground--plan of ih6 Agromyzidae, and they are perhaps significantly the trvo largest species in the genus. Trilobomyzn plruritit is a leaf-miner on Catalpd spp., an old genus, with fossil leaves known from the Eocene; the Bignoniaceae are generally considered by botanists to have evolved in the late Creiaceous. Frick (1953,P. 71) with some hesitation placed pleuralis in Trilobornyza. Unfortunately no males are available to clarify im .ortict generic position and I therefore follow Frick now, in order its true to avoid makins a cli"nse which mav'It have to be revised further when generic position" can be istablished. is certainly an isolated, aberrant species, 'probablv of early origin in association with its food-planr. Liriomyzo rsnunitiloides is the onlv species in this genus in the world known as a leaf-miner on Ranunculaceae. Agiomyza ambrosivora is only the third Agrotnyz,:t species in the world feeding on Compositae (also A. apf elbecfri _Strobl oi Cynara aid Cirsium; and A. rufipes L[.g. on Artemisia). Liriomyza smilacinae is one of very fer'v Liriovtyza species feeding on Liliaceae.

DISTRIBUTION WITHIN CANADA The distribution of Agromvzidae within Canada largely follows obvious climatic, vegetational, and- geographic zones. These and the faunal zones associated wlth them have been-outlined by Van Dyke (1940) and set out in

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 26 MEMoIRs oF THE ENTo,MoLocIcAL socIETY oF CANADA considerable detail by Munroe (1956, P. +50tr). Althou_gh a substantial and representative sample bf the Canadian Agiomyzidae is now known, knowledge of the true distribution of mosr if not all ipeciel is inevitably incomplete and must necessarily remain so for an indefinite period ahead. Given this situation_, anl lengthy discussion of the distribution of individual species as- known tod.ay is poi"ntless and can only prove misleading and, as our- knowledge. grows, in all the association of a f-ey frobability increasing$ inaccurate. Neriertheless 9p9ci^es is briefly -ith fauiai zones does emerge from the Present study and discussed"ttrblished below.

Carolinian Zone Species of essentially southern distribution are Agromyza ambrosivord, Calyc'omyza iponmeae, and Parapbytowyztt sp. {Pelee), all only known from Pelee. C. ipomaeae, a Neotropical species, is blearly at the northern limit of its range in the Lake Eiie area, with its host-plant, Ipomoea, only known in Canada froir Pelee and Niagara. Calycotnyza althaeae occurs at Toronto b_ut apparently does not reach Ottiwa. It is not uncommon on Long Island, N.Y. Liriomyza sp. (Cdmpenula), found at Pelee, may also Prove to be an essentially southern sPecres.

Alle ghenian-Ac adian Zone Liriomyza sorosis is palticularly common in Florida and it was unexpected to find it at Oirawa. A. virifrons is another southern species, which is abundant at Pelee buc this has successfully followed its host-plant, Celtis, as far north as Montreal. Both are doubtless at rhe northern limit of their range at these two localities. lapanagromyza viridula, feeding on Quercus, is another typical re_Presentativ€ of this-zone. It occurs widely in the south-east areas of the United States and is now recorded for the first time in Ontario and Nova Scotia. The maritime area contains a number of the introduced species from Europe, srrch as Cerodontha flavocingulata and Phytomyza ruf'pes' Species from the Rocky Mountains, such as Melanagromyzd -setifrons, Phytomyza penstemonis, and P. subtenella, may be found to be largely limited to this zone. Sbme have considerable extensions of th.it range to the-north, such as Pbytomyza illustris, known from Blairmore, Alta' (4000 ft), Atlin, B.C. (2300 ft)' and also the Yukon. Others with a somewhat similar distribution Pattern are Phytomyza delphinivora known from Edmonton and the Yukon, and Phytomyza subtilis known from Edmonton and Unalakleet, Alaska. A number of Phytomyza species recorded in Alaska, such as P. gelida, P' inf elix, and P. misella, may have a typical coastal zone distribution substantially farther to the south. Iielanagromiia alaskae, at Present known only from Anchorage, Alaska, may have a similar range. Arctic Zone Five species may be mentioned r.vith a typically arctic distfibution, namely Cerodontha tbulensi's, Phytomyza erigerontophaga, P. paraicella, P. puccittelliae, and P. vibeana. P. e'rigerontophdgct and P. paraicelh extend throughout the Arctic from Alaska easts'ards btt Cerodontha tbttlensis and P. puccinelliae aPPear to be limited to the eastern Hish Arctic and NW. Greenland. The distribution of the rwo larter species could-be conveniently explained by the arctic refugium which is believed to have existed in this area.

KEY TO GENERA OF CANADIAN AGROMYZIDAE No attempt has been made in this paper to carry out any major generic revision; the only generic svnonymv established is of Cephalornyza wlth Amauromyzd. A task for the future, however, is not only to examine critically on a world basis the larger genera in borh sub-families to produce a generic re-arrangement on a more strictly monophyletic basis but, conversely, to assess whethef there is justification for retaining some of the smaller genera of the Phytomyzinae. It appears that Trilobomyza might correctly be synonymized with Amaurovnyza and it has now become clear that the genera Phytoliriomyza and Lermtrimyzd are very closely related and possibly together represent a single natural genus. The generic position of the species described as Agromyza pleuralis Malloch requires further clarification. It was transferred to Trilobomyza by Frick (1953, p. 71); although it now seems unlikely that it is correctly placed here, I have refriined from making a change at this time since a further change might well prove necessary when males can be examined and its correct generic -position finally established. The key given below represents a further development of that originally produced by Hendel (1931-36, p. 16), modified by Frick (1952, p. 365) and Spencer (1966b, p. 5).

1 Sub-costa developed throughout its length, coalescing with r, before reaching costa (Sub-family Agromyzinae) 2 Sub-costa becoming a fold distally and ending in costa separately and basad of r,

(Sub-family Phytomyzinae) . 6 2 Two pairs dc; if 3 or 4 pairs, halteres black 3 - At least 3 pairs dc, prsc always present; halceres normally white or yellow, at most brown Agrom:yza Fall6n 3 Either prsc or fore-tibial bristle present or halreres yellowish . .. Jdqanogromyzd Sasakawa - Halteres invariably black (white tn Opbiomyia aberrans Spencer, South Africa), prsc lacking 4 Mesonotum or abdomen frequently with some metallic coloration, greenish, bluish, or coppery; costa extending strongly to vein m,*,; mid-tibiae with 1 to 3 strong Iateral bristles; larval posterior spiracles wirh numerous bulbs. from 6 to 20, normally surrounding a strong black horn (rarely atrophied to a mere scar); antennae not separated by raised keel, male never with vibrissal horn; aedeagus with basiphallus-internal U-shaped Biologl': stem-borers or seed-feeders ...... Melanagromyzd Hendel Uniformlv black species; costa ending 3t ra*s or continuing to m1+e; mid-tibiae without lateral bristles (weakly present in O. simplex, O. pulicaria grorp, O. ndsuta); posterior spiracles of larva normally on distinct stalks, each process either with 3 or more normally with numerous bulbs, never with spiracular horn; aedeagus withbasiphallushavingconspicuouslydivergingside-arms Antennae normally separated by conspicuous facial keel; male frequently with distinct vibrissal horn; larval posrerior spiracular processes normally with between 6 and 12 bulbs Biology: stem- or leaf-miners Ophiomyia Braschnikov Antennae adioining; vibrissal horn never present; Iarval posterior spiracles always with 3 bulbs on each orocess Biology: gall-causers Hexomyza Enderlein 6 Orbital setulae erect or reclinate, or absent 7 - Orbital serulae distinctlv proclinate 22 7 Wing with costa extending to apex of vein m,*,; if only to r,*s, then either second cross-vein absent, notopleural area black, large species, wing length 3 mm (Phytobia coylesi) or lunule substantially higher than semicircle (Cerodontha (Diz.) flaaocingulata and frankensis) 8 - Costa extending only to rr*r LI 8 Scutellum normally dark, concolorous with mesonotum; if yellow, vein r'*u end rng nearest wlng tlp 9 Scutellum vellow; vein m,*, ending nearest wing tip 18 9 Halteres with knob white or vellow 10 Haltcres with knob black or at least partially darkened; if '.yellow (Cephalomyza), distiphallus with numerous spinules (Fig. 273) Antau'romyz, H.nd.i 10 Second cross-vein lacking (H. bullati groupr S. America) . .. Haplomyza Hendcl Second cross-vein present . . . l1 ll Vein r,." ending ncarest wing trP; sculelrum t:]t- t1 P katt;ma.%l,"i,JT,'""; tropical Region ) - Vein m,*" ending nearest wing tip t2 12 Third antennal segmcnt with a spine, scutellum with only 2 bristles; or lunule conspicuously higher tiran a semicircle, either narrow or triangular; or lunule conspicuously large and broad, antennal bases widely separated and third antennal segment in male normally greatly enlarged ...... Cerodontha Rondani - Not so l3

l7 Antennae and less black . . Trilobowyza Hendel - Antennae and I{s yellow . .. .. Pteridozzyza Nowakowski 18 Orbits largely in plane of frons; frons vellow 19 Orbits bro"ad, raised above plane of frons; frons dark . Metopowyza Hendel 19 Second cross-vein lacking; single ors Haplomyza Hendel Second cross-vein normaly present (absent in Liriontyza singula but 2 ors Present)j normally2ors. 20 20 Pre-scuiellar area yellow; orbitai setulae normally yplight or slightly. proclinate, rarely slighrly reclitrate; male genitalia: aedeagus with distinctive chitinized, paired tubuies (Figi. 350, 352, 35+), epandrium with a conspicuous comb-like arran^gement of black spines (Figs. 35l, lfi;355) . .. . Letmrimyza Spencer - Pre-scuteliat area*normally dark, concolorous with mesonotum' more rarely yellow; orbital serulae diitinctly reclinate; male genitalia: aedeagus variable, normally pale, scarcely chitinized, never with black tubules as in Lezmtrimyza, margin, never black, comb-like epandrium with hairs along inner Process - . 2l S..oni crpss vein eithe*br"rrr, or if 'present, well t.yond Orrr ::"#;1T:i section at least twice length of fourth . . Paraphytomyza Endetlein - Second cross-vein basal-to first; second costal section conspicuously short, less than 7% times lensth of fourth . Pseudona:pomyzd Hendel 22 Costa extending only to vein ra+s 23 - Costa extendin-g to vein m,*"; orbital setulae conspicuously proclinate (not slightly so asin Lerrur.rlmyza) .. -.. . Phytoliriomyza Hendel 23 Second cross-vein present; frons always strongly projecting; second costal section short, always less than twice Iength of fourth ...... Napomyz4'Westwood - Second cross-vein normally absent; if present, frons not proiecting, sec_ond costal tlm,* t':r'n * (d:iisii *11'on' :::":" 1"9::l lk l::':n !:*f;i:":;:;)r,,u6,,

Gnxus Agromyza Fall6n Agromyza Fall6n, 1810, p. 21. Type of genus: Agromyza nigripes Meigen, 1830. Agromyza is one of the largest genera of the Agromyzidae, with 150 species, distributed throughout the world. Half the known species occur in the Palaearctic Regioi and the genus is least well represented in the Neotropical Region, so only 6 species are recorded. " where far Thirty-four species tre nb* Iecorded in Canada, of which 14 are described as new and 10 ariHolarctic. The genus can be split into three natural groups. Firstly, the grass-feeders, which are iepresented in Canada t:y 14 species,.such as bispinata, albipinnis {trg., nigripes Mg., parvicoinis Loew, an{ ih.e new sPecies faciTis, hockirigi, and proxima. The male genitalia of this group are very homogeneous throughout the world but distinct-ively different in d-etail. The second allied families, and is lto.rp feeds ori Boraginaceae, Urticaceae, and possibly _other iepresented in Canad-a by canadensls Malloch,-diversa Johnson, reptilns Fall., and

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Knv ro CeNeoreN AgromYza SPBcrBs I Mesonorum with 3 to 6 dc significantly decreasing in size, the pre-sutural one.s when present somedmes-.ttottg Iittle lo-nger. than acr " " ' ' ' Mesonotum *i.n li-i atl the fourth not significantly weaker than the third . 28 Sttobl 2 Wing tip near apex of vein m,*, ' sulfuriceps 4 I Legs"largely yellow i."gr lrfi"iy black . 7 - 5 4 Sm"all ,p!"i!r, wing length 2.2-2-.7 mm ' ' ' Lrrg., itoot ,p""i"l, wiig length 2.8-4 mm 6 - aristata Malloch 5 Aed"eagus as in Figs. 16, 17 ...... Aedea'gus as in Filgs. 41, +2 . - Malloch 6 Third antennal ,.g-..r, darkened, brownish " canadensis - ihird ,rr."nr,rt t.[-."t bright yeilow ' ' ' ' diuersa Johnson 7 Third antennal.[-.n. yellowiih orang,€ ' varifrons Coq' Third antennal ,""g-..rt'd".k.r, rror-rily black, atmost brownish ...... 8 - 9 8 Costa ending at or"shortly after vein r+rr

10 9 Squamal fringe pale, white or ochrous ' 5d;;i];;?.'J;tl.r, brownish; very large species, wing lenrth from 3'5 to - kincai.di MalL 4.3 mm l. uPPer corner; meso- 10 Third antennal segment with conspicuous angle or point at noro- brilliantly it ltti.tg black; wirgs pale i ' " ' 11 ThiJ antenn"l 'r.g-".i""r.."tirtty .o'onh"d at end; mesonotum at most moderately ,lti"i;g; wings soti"-hat darkenJd by coarse microtrichia 12 length 2'8-3'5 mm; frons 11 Mid-tibia with 2 Iateral bristles; Iarge species, wing mnbigua FaIl' tri."gry projecting .y.' 1o*1. f""piy extended-at reir ' ' ' "uo* (- nitteiPennis Zert') wing length 2'+:'7 mT Mid-tibia with at most 1 bristle; smaller species, ; , " dlbertenstJ Jengal^ kincaidi MalL t2 Souamal frinse ochrous; eye upright, normal :1--"'-; ]-r"o - wnrte;---''-^ ;t; DrarrLrtrEslanting ' . ' " " aprilina MalL Squamal trrnge :I-: ::":fi.-::.usiy"rrirpi"tously A 13 Squamal fringe pale, white or ochrous -l---_- o , L,------25 Squamal'., fringe ',darker, - brown or^-Ll^^l. black Meigen ; Less and all antennal segments entirely black albipennis ?iB;r;";";^r;;;--;; nt!. ,""ond'antennal segments paler' at least slightlv yellowish brown ""J 15 t: 'M.rorronrr- obviously mat . . 16 A,i;;;;;il entirely'shining black 17

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 32 METMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocIcAL soclETY oF cANAnA 3g Aedeagus ending in single cylindrical process . . . masculina Sehgal - Aedealus endin-g in 2 distinct sections " " " " 39 39 Aedealus as in Figs. 61,62 . spiraeoidearum .Hering - Aedealgus as in Filgs. 68, 69 . ' ' udldorensls sp' n' Agromyza albertensis Sehgal (Figs. 1-3) Agrornyza albertensis Sehgal, 1968, p. 57 ' Holotype 6 in CNC' Hnao. Frons slightly projecting above eye in profile, increasingly so anteriorly, lPproxi- mately equal to width"of lyer z equai ors, 2 oii rvhiih are only slightly weaker; orbital setulae 2/s sl-rorti sp"'.r", reclinate; eye slanting, jowls deeply extended at rear, vertical height_ of eye; cheeks forming distinct iing beloiv eye; third intennal segment distinctive, rounded below, with conspicuous angle at upper corner (Fig. 1). Mesoxorurr. Five or more dc, decreasing regularly in size until anterior ones no longer than acr, these somewhat irreguiar, in 5 rows. wrxc. Length 2.6-2.8 mm, conspicuously narrow, width at midpoint 1-mm, costa. ending at vein r,*u, last sEction of m, equal tb or otliy slightly shorter than penultimate; Position of first cross-vein variable, before, it or beyond midpoint of discal cell. Lrcs. Mid-tibia rvith 0*1 slender lateral bristle. Cor.on. Frons sooty- or brorvnish-black, orbits and ocellar triangle scarcely shining, anrennae black; mesonoium brilliantly shining black; abdomen similar but-faintly coPPery; legs entirely black; squamae and' fringe- white, margin slightly differentiated, pale yellorvish-brown. A4arn GrNrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Figs. 2, 3, distal tubules long arrd narrow, ninth sternite -apex; triangular, somewhat fused at surstyli with short spines along inner margin and greatly extended at inner corner, as in A. aprilina (Fig. 15), Drsrnrnunox. Alberta. Reuanrs. This species closely resembles A. ambigua Fall. (- niaeipennis Zett.) but it is substantially smallei, the frons is less proiecting, and it lacks the two mid-tibial bristles. The distal tubules of the aedeagus are somewhat longer and more slender. A male from coleman, Alta., 27 lune 1966 (v.K,s.), which is indistinguishable from the type series, has a somewhat modified aedeagus (Fig. a). .I hesitate ro trear this as'a^distinct species without additional material; it is not impossible that it merely represents an unusual deformity. Mernnrer Exer,rrNoo. Alberta: Blairmore, | 6,26 June 1966 (K.A.S.); Banfi, at roadside 5 mi E' of city,21 9, 16' (K.A,S., V.K.S.);Elkwater, 16, 10 June 1956 (O.P.). Agromyza albipennis Meigen (Figs. 5,6) Agrotnyza albipennis A,Ieigen, 1830, p. 171; Hendel , 1931-36, P. 98; Sasakawa, - 19E1,p.312; Griffiths, t9el,p. tI1. Two syntypes in Vienna; I in Paris is not an agromyzid (cf. Becker 1902, p. 339)' Aoulr. Moderate-sized species, wing length from 2.5 mm in male to J mm in female, costa extending strongly to ,rein mr*"; frons, intennae, mesonotum, and Iegs entirely black; third antennal-segment'(Fig. 5) distinctive, large, conspicuously cut away below. Squamae and fringe yellowish white. MerB GoNrrar.ra. Aedeagus typical of grass-feeders, illustrated by Sasakawa (1961, 69. 1) and Griffiths (1963,fig.i); sdrityli heavily sclerotized on inner corner, bearing row of very short spines along inner margin (Fig. 6). Lenva. Posterior spiracular processes adjoining, each with 3 bulbs (Grifiths 1963, fig.3ed).

>:=...-\ /\ rT\.-\t\ / \\-4'' ,!' )' "

:.:J=

Ftcs. 1-3, Agromyza albertensis: 1, third antennal segment; 2, aedeagus, side view; 3, same, ventral view. Frc. 4, Agromyza sp., ?albertensls: aedeagus. Frcs. 5-6, A. albi.pennit: 5, third antennal segment; 6, surstylus. Frcs. 7-8, A. albitarsis: 7, aedeagus, side view; 8, same, ventral view. Frcs. 9-10, A. ambigua: 9, aedeagus, side view; 10, same, ventral view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 3+ MEr4orRs oF THE ENTorwoLocIcAL socIErY oF cANADA Host-pLeNr/Brorocv. Larva forms upper-surface leaf-mine on wide range of Gramineae, pupating either in the mine or outside, when puparium frequently adheres to leaf; puparium reddish-brown or black; host-plants recorded in tribes Agrosteae, Aveneae, Festuceae, Hordeae, Paniceae, and Phalarideae, normal hosts being Hordeum, Phalaris, and Poa. Drstntnurrox. Widespread throughout Canada; W. Europe; Japan. New to North America. Rnr,renrs. This is clearly one of the commonest qrass-feeders in Canada and has in the past probably been confused with A. nigri{es Mg., which is, however, easily recognisable by its darker squamal fringe. Frick (1959, p.356) records nigripes as having a white squamal fringe and it seems probable that the species he had before him was in fact ulbipennis; he also synonymises A. dubitata Malloch (1913a, p. 311) with nigripes. Malloch includes specimens from Ottawa and Montreal as paratvpes and it seems reasonably certain that A. dubitata is synony- mous with albipennis rather than with nigripes. Merenrer Exal,rrNeo. Alaska: Umiat, | 6,73 July 1959 (J.E.H.M.);2 6 6,29 9,24ldy 1959 (R.M.). Alberta: Onefour, 16, 2 May 1956 (E.S.); 1 6, 1 9, 4 June t955 (J'R.V.); Elkwater, 16, 11 June 1956 (O.P.); Sunwapta Pass, Banff-Jasper Hwy', 19, 7 Julv 1955 (R.C.); 19, Banff Nat. Park, 7 July 1955 (R'C.);Edmonton, White Atlud Cr. and Botanical Gdns., +6 6,3 9 I, June 1966 (V.K.S.). British Columbia: Vernon, 1 6, 3 Sept. 1931 (R.D.B.). Labrador: Hebron, I 6, 5 Aug. 1954 (J.F.NIcA.). Manitoba: 5 mi SW. of Shilo, | 6 ,28 May 1958 (R.B.M.); 5 mi N. of Minnedosa, I e, 8 July 1958 (R.L.H.). Northwest Terr.: Muskox L,,6+o45'N., 108o101.W., 1 6, 20 July 1953 (J.R.L.). Ontario: N4armora, I d, 10 July 1952 and 1 9, 1 June 1952 (J.R.V.);Turkey Pt., I s ,25 May 1956 (J.R.V.); Normandale, 1 9 , 29 May 1956 (J.R.L.) ; St. William, 7 6 ,23 May 1956 (J.R.V.). Quebec: IndianHouseL.,t6,2? 9,20-27 July 1954 (R.C.);Aylmer, 19,16 July 1959 (C.H.M.); Hull, 1 9, 20 June 1956 (J.R.V.); Old Chelsex, I e,22 Aug. 1e56 (J.R.V.). Saskatchewan: Val Nlarie, 7 6 6,7 g ?,5 June 1955 (J.R.V.).

Agrorny za albitar sis Meigen (Figs. 7, 8) Agrowyza albitarsis Meigen, 1830, p. 171; Hendel,793l-36, p. 100 (illustration of head, fig. 124); Frick, 1959, p.353. Three syntypes in Vienna. Arur.r. Essentially as in A. populoides (cf.p. 52), possibly larger, rving length up to 3.3 mm, rvith 3f 1 strong dc, costa extending to vein mr*r, last and penultimate sections of m, approximately equal; frons and antennae dark, brownish black, femora biack with paler knees, tibiae and tarsi more yellowish brown. Mar.e GBrrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 7, 8, distiphallus weakly chitinized, yellowish brown, surstyli with 3 or 4 short but strong bristles on outer corner. Lenve. Posterior spiracles with 3 bulbs, puparium shining reddish-brown.

Agromyza arnbrosioora sp. tr. (Figs. 11, 12) FIa.+o. Frons 1% times u'idth of eye, not significantly projecting above eye, at most slightly so near base of antennae; 1 strong, reclinate ors, 4 (rarely 5) weaker, incurved ori;

orbital setulae short, reclinate, in single row extending to base of ors; lowls deeply extended at rear, % to lz eye height; third antennal segment slightly longer than broad, rounded at end, with only fine pubescence; arista swolien ar base, slender, with short pubescence. Mrsoporur,r. Two strong dc, 2 or 3 beyond distinctly differentiated but short; acr numerous, in at least 8 rows. wrxc. Length from 2.7 to 3 mm, cosra extending strongly to vein mr*r, last section of m, % penultimate, first cross-vein at midpoint of discal cell. LEcs. Mid-tibiae with 2 short lateral bristles' Cor-on. Frons and all antennal segments normally pale brown but not infrequently some- (rarely_ what darker, orbits invariably darker brown; mesonotum shining black Ingre .r.nat]; legs: femora black, knees yeilowish, tibiae and tarsi paier, bror.vnish; abdomen shining black; squamae and fringe silvery-white. fuler-e Grwrreue. Aedeagus as in Fig. 11. Lenva. Conspicuously milky-white, mandibles with 3 teeth (Fig. 12); posterior spiracles each with 3 bulbs on a small black process, the two processes separared by slightly more than their own diameter and resting on a rounded protuberance; puparium brown. Flosr-pr-aNr/Brorocv. Ambrosia artetnisiifolid, several larvae frequently feeding together to form a blackish leaf-mine, which extends from the aPex of the pinnately dinided leaves towards the midrib; pupation externally. Hororlvpr 6 , Ontario, Pelee Nat. Park, em. 31 July from leaf-mines on Ambrosia artemisiif olia,leg. 8 July 1967; paratypes: 4+ 6 6, 55 I I ' em' 1-10 Aug. 1967, otherwise same data (K.A.S.). Holotype, No. 10358, and ParatyPes in CNC, further paratypes in author's collection. I have also sein leaf-mines of this sPecies from Ottawa, gardens, SePt. 1e56 (E.NI.H.). "ritpty DrecNosrs. This species is immediately recognisable by the single re_clinate ors and the brorvn frons and antennae. In these characters it resembles the Palaearctic species, A. anthracina Mg., a leaf-miner on Urticd and the aedeagus of the two ipecies is also of the same form, although in anthracina the paired distal tubules are fused.

Agrornyza aprilina Malloch (Figs. 13-15) Agromyzu aprilina Malloch, 19'15c, p. 359; Frick, 1957, p. i99; 1959' p' 358' Holotype e in INHS. Anur-r. Wing length 2.5-3.5 mm, costa ending at vein rn*=, last section of mo distinc.tly shorter than penuliimaie; frons obviously proiecting above e"y9 in profle, cheeks .forming ring below eye, jowls deeply extended at rear, ibort-'/, vertical height of eye (cja Frick 1959' ngi rc); eye' conspicno,rsiy slanting; third antennal segment rounded; dc variable,_ normally at'least 5 pairs difierentiated, ante;ior ones may be little longer.than acr, these in 4 or 5 irregular rbws; frons mat black or blackish-bro*n, -"tottotum black, moderately shining; squamae and fringe white, margin orange-brown' Mer.B GoNrrarre. Aedeagus distinctive, as in Figs. 13, 14; surstyli greatly extended at inner corner (Fig, 15). Hosr-rreNr/Brorocy. [Jnknown but the genitalia indicate that this species is a leaf-miner on Gramineae. Drsrnrsu-1roN. Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec' Saskatchewan; U.S.A. Rel,.anrs. The shape of the head is distinctive in this species; it somewhat resembles A. ambigua (: niaeipenzls), which is, hor,vever, larger and the eye is less slanting. Frick (1959, p. 358) suggests that the third antennal segment is

ll"' /:t"ti :,.:i.,,,1

'', \

FIcs._ 11-12, Agromyza ambrosivora: 11, aedeagus; 12, larva,l mouth-parts. Frcs. 13-15, l. aprilina: 13, aedeagus, side view; 14, same, ventra-l view; 15, surstylus. Frcs. 16-17, A. aristata: 16, aedeagus (paraiype of aristata);17, same (paratype of ulmi).

angulate. In Malloch's illustration (l9l5c, plate 84, frg. +) it is shown as rounded and this is certainly so in the specimens I have examinid. ,\4alloch _(t.Oila, pp. 285; 334) renamed A. nigripes Schiner, a European species, as .subnigripej, ahe name nigripes being preoCcupied by Meigen's spicies (cf- p. Hendel (193l*36, 50). p. 132) later'synonymised- ,4. nigr"ipes Schiner and A. sabnigripes Malloch with-A. mobilis Meigen. A. mobilis has ihe squamal j:i:S" dark and Malloch emphasises this charactei for subnigri.pes (t9t5c, p. :OO;. when recording the new iame subnigripes, Malloch (r9ria, p. 334) teniatively

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 38 r\rEMoIRs oF THE ENToMoLocIcAL socrETY oF CANADA and stated that identified a female from Hampton, N.H., as this Europeal- :P.:i:: this name should now be add6d to the American list. Frick (t157, p. 199) quite incorrectly designated this specimen from Hampton as lectotype of subnigripes; as subnigiipes did not refer io a new species buf was merely a new name for the homony"m nigrip.es Schiner, a valid leitotype designation ian only be made for one of Schiner's syntypes. Alrhough Mailoch^specifically refers to the "brown fringes" of the-squamae of specimeris of nigripei Schinei which,he received for examination from the subnigripes Budapest museum and again confirms this- in-his key for. -(1915.c, p. l6b), Frick acceprs the squamal fringe of ntbnigripes to.be pale, based on the ilr-pro.t specimen' and thdn rynonyfrir.r A. aprilina with. ru.bnigripes. The exacipositi6n of the Hampton specimen now remains to be clarified. However, this specimen has no stanis in nomenciature and Frick's synonymy is formally reiected. ' Fri.k (1957, p. 199) refers to A. subnigripe.r as a nom. nov. for nigripes Zetterstedt; this of course should read nigripes Schiner. MerBnrer ExeMrrqun. Alberta: Banff, 1 9, 8 June 1922 (C.B.D'G.). British Columbia: Bowser, | 6,20 June 1955 (G.E.S.). Manitoba: Ninette, 16, 19 ,9May 1958 (J'F.McA');5 mi SW. of Shilo, 19' 28 May 1958 (all J.F.McA.). Ontario: Marmora, 2 6 6, 2 I 9, 22-29 Lpr. 1952 (J.F.McA.); I 6, I 9, 9 and 14 NIav 1952 (J.R.V.); Ottawa, 1 9, 28 Api. 1955 (J'R.V.). Quebec: Abbotsford, | 6,27 Apr. 1936 (A.R'B'). Saskatehewan: Saskatoon, 1 9 ,9 May 1949. U.S.A.: Indiana, La Fayette, 1 A, I 9, 5 Apr. 1916, paratypes.

Agromyza aristata Malloch (Figs.16' 17) Agromyza aristata Malloch, l9l5b, p. 13. Holotyp-e-^3-in USNM' A-gromyzaulmiFrost, 1924, p. 54. Holotype 6 in USNM. Aourr. A distinctive species, with all legs. including coxae, trright yellow;.fro-ns yellow in front but black aboue arid around eye m-arginl antennae entirely yellow, third segment (Frick mesonotum l"rg", arirt" conspicuously short; )owls deLply exiended at rear 1959, fig. 5); mai grayish-blacl, with l4t or 3{2 dc, front on.r may be little longer. than acr, these in 4 ,o*.i *ing length 2.3 mm, costa ending just beyond vein rn*u, apex of wing midway between ru and mr. 1\ller6 GBNrrer-re. Aedeagus of paratype as in Fig. 16, mesophallus broad but short; aedeagus of paratype of ulmi' as in Fig. 17. Hort-nt.o*t/Brorocv. uhmts spp., larva forming an upper surface mine, initially narrow, linear, later v'idening into a blotch' Drsrnrnurrop. Alberta, Ontario; widespread in U.S,A. New to Canada. Rnruranrs. Frick (1957, p. 199) synonvmised ulmi, Frost with aristuta Malloch and examination of the male genitalia of paratypes of both species confirms this synonymy. The yellow frons'and antennae, short arista, glay mesonotum, yellow legs, and costa-ending near vein r,*u make this a distinctive species. However, it can

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv a,,he momen, on,y ;" il;:-'J;?; ::;:;:;:,described 0","- ;; differences in the male senitalia. -not Although (Jlnrus is officially recorded for Alberta, I saw one tree on the University ermprrs, Edmonton, covered in mines on 13 June 1966 which u.'ould certainly explain the specimen caught on the campus on 8 June. The two specimens from Onefour were Dresumablv also associated with introduced elm trees. As there may be doubt about the sffength of the pre-sutural dc, this species is included both in couolets 5 and 30. Merenrer Exerrrxip. Alberta: Edmonton, Univ. Campus, 19,8 June 1966 (K.A.S.); Onefour,2? Q, 2 June 1956, "on flov'ers of wild cherry" (O.P.). Ontario: Ottawa, 2A 6,5 May 1952 (J.G.C.); 1e ,22 NIay 1952, on "Bleeding elm" (J.F.McA.); numerous empty mines on U. americatta, July 1967 (K"A.S.); Almonte, 1d, 18 May 1951 (J.F.McA.); Nipissing, 16, reared ex same host, 27 Feb.1959. Agrontyza bispinata sp. n. (Figs. 18-21) Hoeo. Frons 1% times width of eye, not proiecting abol'e eye in profile; 2 ors and 2 ori, all approximately equal but ori distinctly inclined; orbital setulae reclinate, rather long, and irregular; jowls deepest behind, there lt vertical height of eye, in centre only 1/,,; third antennal segment rounded, with distinct short pubescence, arista distinctly pubescent. MnsoNolurr. Normally 3*0 dc, third only 1/z length of second; acr coarse, in sonre 6 rows. Ltcs. l4id-tibiae with 2 strong lateral bristles.

WrNc. Length 2.6 mm in male, costa extending to vein mr*r, last section of m* 71 penultimate, 6rst cross-vein at midpoint of discal cell. Coron. Frons and antennae brorvnish black; mesonotum shining black; legs: femora ,t0". and tarsi paler, brorvnisl.r; wing base distinctly yellorvish, squamae and fringe lJii:: Mer.e Gnr"Trrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 18, 19; surstyli rvith 2 strong bristles on upper corner (Fig. 20), 1 or 2 long hairs but no bristles on lou,er corner. Tvpos. Holotype 6, Ontario, Simcoe, 5 June 1939 (G.E.S.); paratypes, Ottau'a, 7 6,28 June 1957 (J.G.C.); X,[idland, | 6,20 July 1955 (J.G.C.); Pt. Ryerse, I 6, I June 1919 (G.E.S.), Holotype, No. 10347, and paratypes in CNC, one paratype in author's collection. DrecNosrs. This species closelv resembles A. tacita but is distinzuishable bv the entirely black antennae. The distinctive characters are the publscent third antennal segment, shining black mesonotum, and rvhite squamal fiinge. One male from Manitoba, Ninette, 28 Julv 19tS (J.G.C.), is distinctly larger with wing length of 3 mm, the squamal fringe is darker and the 2 bristles on the surstyli (Fig, Zt) are more approximate and longer; this possibly represents a distinct species but the description should wait until additional material becomes available. Agromy za canadensis Malloch (Figs. 22, 23) Agromyza cdnodensis Malloch, l9l3a, p.299; Shewell, 1953, p. 462; Frick, 1959, p.354. Holotype e in USNN,L Aour.r. Large species, wing length up to 4 mm; coloration distinctive, Iargely rusty- yellow, with frons, third antennal segment and mesonotum darker, mat blackish-brown;

Frcs. 18-20, Agromyza bispinata: 18, aedeagus, side view; 19, same, ventral view; 20, surstylus. Frc. 21, Agromyza sp. near bispi.nata: sursttlus. Frcs.22-23, A. canadensis: 22, aedeagus, side view; 23, same, ventral view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 4r1 dc,,he nr,h, 0,"-.i:"';",";"ffi;::.J:*il ;::::,.", ras, sec,ion', ; penultimate; squamae and fringe white. ^, Maro GrNrrarra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 22, 23, distiphallus greatly enlarged, with 2 distinct arms; aedeagal apodeme largely colorless; inner margin of surstyli bearing some 40 small bristles. Flosr-preNl. LJnknown, almost certainly Boraginaceae. DIsrnrsutroN. Ontario. Rouenr

Agrontyza dioersa Johnson (Fig. 26) Agrotnyza diversa Johnson, 1922, p. 26; Frick, 1959, p. 355. Holotype in MCZ. Anur-r. Frons blacl<, narrow, antennae bright yellow; thorax entirely rusty-brown, scutellum and legs bright yellow, abdomen largely yellowish brown; wing length 2.8 mm. Mar-n GBNrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 26. Hosr-preNr:/Brorocv. Unknown but almost certainly Boraginaceae, probably Lithosperrw,rm. DrstnIsurIox. Ontario; U.S.A.: Indiana, Mass., Vermont. Renaems. This species somewhat resembles A. canadensls but is generally paler; the bright yellow antennae and scutellum and the narrow frons are particularly distinctive.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 42 MEMoIRS oF THE ENTorMoLoGIt Leaf-mines on LithosperwLr1n officinale found at ottawa, July 1967, may well be of this species. The male genitalia closely resemble those of other species in this group known from Europe. Mernnrer, Exelrrxsr. Ontario: Simcoe, 1Q,26 June 1939 (G.E.S.). fndiana: Lafayette, 1 9, Aug. 1912, allotype. Massachusetts: Chester, 1 6, 9 Aug. 1912, paratype'

Agromyza lacilis sP. n. Gigs.27-29) Ho,qn. Frons equal to rvidth of eyc, not proiecting above eye in.profile; .4 orbital bristles, shorr but relatilcll'strong, the lower ori^oniy slightly weakerl orbital setulae short, sparse, reclinate; jo',vls narrow ii ccntre below eye,, moie. dceply extended at rcar; third antennal segmenr itightty longer than broad, rounded at end, arista distinctly pubescent. N{asoNorurr. 5}0 dc, greatly decreasing in size, the fifth little Ionger than acr, these irregularly in 8 rows. wrNc. Length 2.4 mm, cosra extending strongly to vein mr,r, last.section_.of .mr_only slight\' shorter tlian penultimate, in ratio tsiz;, firsi tross-vein at midpoint of discal cell. Lrcs. l\{id-tibia with 2 strong lateral bristles. Cor.on. Frons mat black, third antennal segment black, first and second paler on inside, more yellowish; mesonotum shining black; legs:- femora black, tibiae and tarsi_ conspicuously paler,'particula^rly on fore-legs, 1'-cllowish biown; veins pale brorvn, wing base yellorvish brown; squamae rvhitish yellorv, fringe pale, white, or at most ochrous. Nler-a GnNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 27, 28; distal section short and broad, surstyli with a group of short bristles on internal face (Fig. 29). Tvpns. Holotype 6, Ontario, Ottawa, 19 Julv 1946 (A.R.B.); paratypes' 7 6 6, 29 g, same-data; 4 6 3, 29 ?, same data (G.E.S.); Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 16,21 Sept. 1936 (A.R.B.). Holotype, No. 10349, and ParatyPes in CNC. DrecNosrs. The aedeagus of this species closely resembles that of A. hockingi' (cf. Figs. 33, 34) but the sulstyli are consistently different and the squamal fringe ii distiictly paler. It is distinguishable from A. bispinata by the less pubescent third antennal segment. (cf.- A. f acilis als6 closely resembles A. phragtnitidis Hendel Hendel l93l-36, p. 143; Sasakawa 1961,'P. 322; Griflths 1963, p. 1a3) known from Europe and japan but in phrrytnitidis the aedeagus is significantly longer and narrower and it is a larger species, with wing length from 2.8 to 3.5 mm. One-male from A4anitob^:2 mi X. of Forrest, 19 July 1958 (J'G.C.), has more bristles on the lower corner of the sufst)'li, a slightly lerger aedeagus' and a darker squarnal fringe and possiblv ,.pt.t.ntt a dist]nci tp.ii"t. Hoivever, I do not profose to describe this until addldonal material becomes available.

Agrom.yza fragariae Malloch (Figs. 3e-32) Agronr.yza fruguriae N'{alloch, 1913u, p.307; Frost, 1924, p.43; Hendel, l93l-36, p. 150 (as spiraeae Kalt.); Frick,-1959, P. 358 (as spiraeae Kalt'). Holotype a in USNM. Anur-r. Essentially x in A. spi.rde&e (cf. p. 55) but frons distinctly brorvn, not black. A,{erB GnNrrerra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 30, 31, distiphallus enlarged, mesophallus distinctly chitinized; sperm sac enormously enlarged (Fig. 32).

24 25

31 ;fu/

Frcs. 2,[-25, Agromyza chillcotti: 24, aedeagus, side view; 25, distiphallus, ventral view. Frc. 26, A. diaersa: aedeagus. Frcs. 27-29, Alfacilis: 27, distiphallus, side view; 28, aedeagus, ventral view; 29, surstylus. Frcs, 30-32, A. fragariaet 30, aedeagus, side view; 31, distiphallus, ventral view; 32, sperm sac,

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv s( Lanve. Descrtt- ilJ ;-, ff-"GIcAL Hosr-rueNr/Brorocy. Fragaria spp., larva forming upper surface linear- blotch, pupating externally. DIs-rnrsur1oN. Alberta, Quebec; widespread in U.S.A' New to Canada' Rpr,renrs. Hendel (193l-36, p. t50) sYnonymised fragariae with spiraeae and this synonymy was accepted' by Frick. I' am satisfied. however, fronr eramination of a male p.trtyp. reared frorrr Fragaria airginiana Duchesne that distinguishable externally by the fragariae-t represents a Sisdn'ci species. It is to*tt froni and the male qenitalia show small bui consistent differences from spiraeae^ reared from other g*en.rt of the Rosaceae. Specimens reared fro-m Fragaria vesca L. and F. X ananassa Duchesne (cultivated strawbery) in England rePresent spiraeue, rrot frdgdride' N{ernnrer ExelrrNou. California: Placer Co., 1d, Nov., reared from leaf-mine on Fragaria virginiana, ParatyPe. Alberta: onefour, | 6,31 May 1956 (E.E.S.); Blairmore, leaf-mines on Fragaria sp., 28 June 1966 (K.A.S.). Quebec: Fort Chimo, 1 A, 1 I ,2 July 195a (J.F.McA.).

Agromyza hockingi sP. n. (Figs. 3l-ls) possib.ty Hner. Frons slightly wider than eye, nor proiec_ting lbovg e1'g in p1o.filg .or. very slightly so at bai oi orbits scarcely difierentiated, with.4 orbital bristles, the "nt..rn""; row; at.rear' rilgttity stronger; orbital setulae sparse, reclinate, _in.single. iorvls.deepest itr.".tt."-b"iow"p1i.. eye"relatir.ely narrow, % vertical eye height; third antennal segment large, round, distinctly pubescent, arista also with distinct pubescence, MBsoxorur,r. Normally 3*0 dc, first and second long, normal, the third substantially n,eaker, % length of second, occasionally a fourth just diffeientiated and slightly longer than acr; acr somewhat irregular, in 6 to 8 rows. LBcs. ntlid-tibiae with 2 strong lateral bristles' wrNc. Length from 2.7 mm in male to J.2 mm in female, costa extending to vein mr*r, last section of ml % penultimate, first cross-vein just beyond midpoint of discal cell. Coron. Head black, frons mat, ocellar triangle and bases of orbital bristles weakly shining; mesonotum brilliantly shining black; feniora black, tibia and tarsi pale, slightly yellouiish; veins and wing base normilly distinctly yellowish; squamae pale, whitish gray, fringe darker, brownish, or at least ochrous. N{ern GnNrrer-te. Aedeagus short and broad (Figs.33,34); surstyli (Fig.35) with 3 or 4 stout spines irregularly along inner margin. Tvpos. Holotype 6, Alberta, Sundance, 1-3 July 1966, caught on low vegetation in clearing of poplar forest on south side of Wabamun Lake; ParatyPes: 11g 9, same data; Edmonton, Univ. Campus, | 6, 9 June, 19, 5 July 1966; Botanical Gdns., 19,22 June 1966; George L., 1?, 6 July 1966 (all K.A.S.); Ontario, Blackburn, MerBleue, 16, 19 ,27 Jwe 1955 (J.F.McA.); 16, 12 June, and 19, 29 June 1954 (W.R.M.); Quebec, Knowlton, Belton Pass, 800 ft, 7 6, 5 June 1961 (J.R.V.); Val d'Or, 16, 21 July 1967 (K.A.S.); New Brunswick, Fredericton, 1 6 , 20 May 1921. Holotvpe and paratypes in author's collection, further paratypes in CNC and UA. Drecxosrs. This species is immediately distinguishable from A. nigripes by the round third antennal segment and the more shining mesonotum. The genitalia are also distinct but confirm that the host-plant is almost certainly a grass' The

color of the squamal fringe is slightly variable, from ochrous to more obviously brou'n. The species is therefore included in the key in both couplets 23 and 27. The aedeagts of A. hockingi closely resembles that of A. facilis but the surstyli are consistently different and the squamal fringe is distinctly darker'. The strong bristles on the surswli are somewhat variable but there is always one at both the upper and lower corners; in the somewhat similar A. bispinata there are 2 at the upper corner, none at the lower. The seriii on which the diagnosis of this species was first made was caught while enjoying the hospitality of Dr. and Mrs. Hocking at thefu cabin at Wabamun Lake and I have great pleasure in dedicating the species to them.

Agrotny za kincaidi ilIalloch (Fig. 36) Agromyza kincaidi Malloch, 1913a, p.285 (figure of wing); Hendel, 193l-36, p, 103; Shewell, 1953, p.463;Frick, 1959, p.353' Holotype I in USNM. Aour-r. Large species, wing length from 3.5 mm in male to 4.1 mm in female; costa ending at vein r**-, lait section oi m, 1ong, % penultimate in holotype, % in paratype; frons sliglrtly projecting above eye, particularly in front, jowls deeply extended at re r; mesonotum dilinirli mat fr&n front, moie shining from behind; legs noimally entirely black, fore-knees sometimes yellowish; squamae white,-fringe.normally ochrous to brorvnish, rarely paler, yellowish. Mern GeNrrer.ta. Aedeagus with long brown tubules in the distiphallus (Fig. 36) ' slightly rotated to left (in ventral view seen from rear), surstyli conspicuously projecting inwards, as in A. aprilina (cf. Fig. 15). Hosr-preN:r. Unknown but certainly Gramineae. DIslnreutroN. Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Yukon Terr. New to Canada. Rer,renrs. This species has hitherto only been ]

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British Columbia: Bowser, 19,8 June 1955 (R,C.); Lakelse, nr. Tettace, 300 ft, I?,27 June 1960 (\,V.W.M.)l Tettace, 1d, 1?, 31 May 1960 (R.J.P., C.H.M.); 7 e , 19 July 1960 (C.H.M.); | 6 , 11 Aug. 1960 (W.R.R.). Labrador: Carrwright, l?,20 July 1955 (E.F.C.). Manitoba: Churchill, 1 9, 14 July 1952 (R.F.P.); Turtle Mt. Forest Reserve, Int. Peace Gdns., | 9,7 Aug. 1958 (J.G.C.). Nova Scotia: Lockeport, 1 6, 1 9,20-24 July 1958 (J.R.V.). Yulron Terr.: Rampart House, 2 g I , 17 and 19 July 1951 (J.E.H.M.). I have also seen 35 further specimens from Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, and Yuhon Terr. Agrom,yztt leechi sp. n. (Figs. 37, 38) Arulr. Essentially as in A. spiraeae Kalt. (cf. p. 55) but frons brorvn with darker orbits. A{ero GBsrrarre. Distinctive, acdeagus ending in 2 separate processes (Figs. 37, 38), arms of mesophallus strongly det,eloped; ninth sternite with a slender elongated hypandrial apodeme; inner margin of surstyli r.vith bets'een 2 and 5 stout bristles. Tvpns. Holotvpe 6, Yukon Terr., British Mts., Firth R., 27 July 1956 (R.E.L.); paratypes: I 6 , Alaska, Isabel Pass, 2900 ft, Mile 206 Richardson Hwf', 18 July 1962 (P..|.S.); 1a, Labrador, Hebron, 15 July 1954 (J.F.McA.); 1d, Quebec, Sugluk, 22 JuJy 1954 (H.H.); 1 6 , Payne lBay,27 Julv 1958 (W.R.N,{.M.). Holotype, No. 10350, and paratvpes in CNC, one paratype in author's collection. DracNosrs. This appears to be the rnost consistently northern species in the spiraeae-group'but it must be recalled that A. spiraeae has also been recorded from Payne Bay, Que. The brorvn frons and male genitalia readily distinguish tnls sPecres. Agrom.yza htcida Hendel (Figs. 3e,40) Agrornyza reptans ssp. lu,cidu Hendel, 1920, p. l2l. Holotype 9 in \/ienna. Agrowyza htcidaHendel, Griffiths, 1963, p. 133. Arur-r. Shining black species, wing length 2.2-3 nrm; frons mat black, or dark brorvnish- blacl<, antennae entiiely black, third segment rounded; mesonotum strongly shining, 3 rvell- developed dc, fourth and fifth normally differentiated but rveak; squamae pale, grayish or ochrous, fringe black or dark brown. Nler.o Gaxrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 39. Lenve. i\'Iandibles',vith 3 strong teeth (Griffiths 1963, fig.40a), posterior spiracles with 3 distinct bulbs, the 2 processes separated by more than their own diameter, each arising from a distinct conical protuberance from the raised base (Fig. a0); puparium shining black. Hosr-presr/Brorocv. Glyceria, Deschampsin, larvae forming large whitish mine, with often several larvae feeding together; pupation either in mine or externally, when puparium frequently adheres to leaf some distance from end oI mrne. Drslnrnurlox. Ontario; Europe, incl. Russia. New to North America. Rnuenrs. This species somewhat resembles nigripes Mg. but is distinguishable by the round thi-rd antennal segment and darker squamal fringe. The larvae of the two species are readily separated: in nigripes the mandibles have 4 teeth and the posterior spiracles lack the conical projections and are closer.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF THE SOCIETY OF CANADA When revising this group Griffiths (1963) discovered that Hendel, when redescribing lucidifor hiJmonograph (1931-36,p.129),had before him a species distinct from the type, which tie had treated as a sub-species of reptdns. The best available description therefore is that by Griffiths. MerBnrer, Exanrrxun. Ontario: Constance Bay, 3 6 6, 41 9, em. 18-2 1 July 7967 from larvae and puparia, leg. 8 July on Glyceria grandis (K.A.S.). Agromyza rnarrnorensis sP. n. (Figs.41' 42) Hner. Frons broad, twice width of eye, distinctly prolecting above eye in pro6le;_orbital bristles irregular 2(3) ors,2(3) ori, all approx. equal, orbital setulae_very sp-arse, Iimited to a few hairs or even absent; jowls deeply extended at rear, /z vertical helgh-t of eye, cheeks forming broad ring belor.v eye; third antennal segment large, rounded at end, 6nely pubescent, arista conspicuously short, swollen in lower half, 6ne above. MEsoNorulr. Five dc, greatly decreasing in size, front ones little stronger than acr, these in 4 rows. WrNc. Length from 2.3 mm in male to 2.7 mm in female, costa gradually weakening beyond rrein rr*u, not reaching m, second costal section 4 times length of fourth, wing tip midway between vein ru and mr. Lncs. N{id-tibiae without lateral bristles. Cor-on. Frons yellow beyond ocellar triangle, black above, including hind-margin of eye and upper orbits; all antennal segments, face, )owls, palps bright yellow; mesonotum entirely -"1-gra/, abdomen blacker; legs, including coxae, largely bright yellow but hind- femora with darker brown markingr; rqor-re and fringe yellowish gray, margin darker, brown. Mera Gnxrrarre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 4i, 42, mesophallus long, black, 3 times length of distiphallus, slightly divided anteriorly; surstyli bearing 4 or 5 slender hairs on inner margin; ninth sternite strongly chitinized, rounded at end. Tvpos. Holotype 6, Ontario, Marmora, 7 May 1952 (J.R.V.); paratype, 1 9, Marmora,4 May 1952 (J.C.M.), CNC No. 10351. DrecNosrs. This species is not satisfactorily distinguishable from A. aristata Mall. but appears to be somewhat larger. The differences in male genitalia, however, are significant. The long black mesophallus, the gap between this and the distiphallus- and the black, rounded ninth sternite are sufficiently distinctive to fustify t-reating mdrmorensis as distinct from aristdtct. Agrornyza nrasculina Sehgal (Fig. a3) Agrowyzu?ntsculind Sehgal, 1968, p. 59. Holotype 6 in CNC' Anur-r. Essentially as in A. si;iraede KaIt. Mer-n' GnNrrerra. Distiphallus considerably enlarged, mesophallus more strongly chitinized than in spi.raeae (Fig. a3). Hosr-pr,rNr/Brorocv. Unknown but almost certainly leaf-miner on Rosaceae. DrsrnreurroN. Alberta. RBr.ranrs. Although this species very closely resembles A. spiraeae, the genitalia are significantly different and identical in the two sPecimens examined. Merrnrer- ExelrrNEo. Alberta: Blairmore, | 6,26 June 1966 (V.K.S.), holotype; Okotoks, 16, 10 June 1966 (K.A.S.), paratype.

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Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 50 MEMoIRs oF THE ENToMoLocIcAL socIETY oF CANADA Agrotnyza rnasoni sp. n. (Figs. 4+46) Aour.r. Morphologically agreeing closely with A. hockingi but third antennal segment distinctly less pubescent, appearing alnost bare; generally smaller, wing length 2.3-2.7 mm in male; squamal fringe pale but not rvhite, distinctly darker, ochrous. lilere GnNrrarre. Aedeagus pale, r.vhitish, distiphallus conspicuously narrow and relatively long (Figs. 44, +5); surstyli (Fig. a6) with a group of short bristles on lorver corner, lacking the distinctive long bristles found in hockirzgi (cf. Fig. 35)' Tvpns. Holotype 6, Ontario, Ottawa, Dow's Stvamp, 10 Aug' 1950 (W.R.M.M.);paratypes: 16, NIer Bleue, l1 July 1923 (F.I.); Quebec, Abbots- ford, 16, 30 June 1936 (G.E.S.). Holotype, No. 10352, and one ParatyPe in CNC, one paratype in author's collection. DLA.cxosIs. Although this species closely resembles A. hockingi, the male genitalia are totally distinct, and identical in the specimens examined from three dilTerent localities.

Agromyza nigripes Meigen (Fig. a7) Agromyza nigripes Meigen, 1830, p. 170; Shewell, 1953, p. 462; Frick, 1957, P. 199. Holotype 9 in Paris. Anur-r. A medium-sized black species, wing length 2-3 mm; frons not proiecting above eye, third anrennal segment distinctive, cut awey on lower corner, illustrated by Hendel (1931-36, fig.157) and Grifrths (1963, fig.17); uP to 5 dc greatly decreasing in size, more frequently only 3{0 dc; mesonotum only slightly shining, frequently appearing .mati costa extending strongly to vein m.*r, last section of m, % penultimate, first cross-vein at midpoint of discal cell; squamae whitish gray, fringe distinctly darker, brownish to ochrous. A,{.qrB Grnrrer.ra. Distiphallus with distinctive curvature (Fig. a7); surstyli almost exactly es in A. ntasoni. (cf. Fig. a6). Llnve. Posterior spiracles rvith 3 bulbs, the two processes separated by up to twice own dianreter (cf. Grifrths 1963, fig. 38d). Hosr-preNr/Brorocv. Gramineae, tribes Glyceriae, Aveneae, and Agrosteae; normal hosts in Europe Glyceriu and Holcus, more rarely Agrostis and Descbam'psia;larva forms upper-surface mine, pupating externally, with black or dark-reddish puparium frequently adhering to leaf near end of mine. Drsrtrsurrox. Alberta; Europe; ?United States. New to Canada. Rnrrenrs. Hendel (1931-36, p. 137) redescribed this species and Griffiths (1963) has recently discussed it in detail in his partial revision of the grass-feeding Agromyza species. Frick (1957, p. 199) synonymised A. dubitata N{alloch with nigripes; however in his (1959, p. 353) key the squamal fringe of nigripes is stated to be white. It seems reasonably certain that the species frequently recorded in the United States as nigripes in fact represents albipennis Mg. (cf. p. 32). It is somewhat surprising that the only confirmed specimens from Canada are the four I collected in Alberta. The species is possibly limited to the West; it is certainly not present among the hundreds of specimens in this group I have examined from Ontario. N4arnnrar ExenrrNno. Alberta: Red Deer, 2I I , 12 and 28 June 1966; St. Albert, 1 6, I 9, 14 June 1e66 (K.A.S.).

Agrotnyza paroicornis Loew (rlgs. )(F)2, Agrotnyza parvicornis Loew, 1869, p. 49. Lectotvpe d, designated by Frick (1957), inMCZ. Aour-r. Frons brown or brownish black, broad, almost twice width of eye, distinctly projecting above eye anteriorly;2 strong reclinate ors,2 weaker incurved ori; orbital setulae weak, sparse, reclinate; jowls deeply extended at rear, Yt verrical height of eye, in centre % eye height; third antennal segment round, virtuaily bare, pale brown, arista distinctly pubescent, mesonotum shining black, with 4 or 5 dc, greatly decreasing in size (not 2 as stated by Frick 1959, p. 357). Wing length 3 mm, costa extending strongly to vein mr*r, last section of mn % penultimate. Legs black, fore-knees paler, all tibiae distinctly brownish; wing base, squamae, and fringe yellowish white, or slightly darker, ochrous. MelB GtNrrer,re. Aedeagus with conspicuously short and broad distiphallus (Figs. 50, 51), surstyli with a group of some 15 brisrles on inner margin (Fig. 52). Hosr-praNr,/Btorocv. Leaf-miner on Gramineae but definite hosts not known. DIsrnrnurroN. British Columbia, Ontario; U.S.A.: Washington, D.C. RBlaanrs. Examination of the types confirms that one is largely desffoyed but the male lectotype is in perfect condition. The aedeagus is entirely distinctive, as illustrated, and the short, broad distiphallus will permit immediare identification of this species. A. pmaicornls belongs to a closely-related group of grass-feeders. The name has been widelv used in the literature and has in particular been associated with a leaf-miner ontorr, (Zeamays). The identity of the corn leaf-miner now remains to be established and all earlier references to pdraicorms must be treated with reserve. They may or may not refer to the true paruicornis. Spencer (1966d, p. 1) discussed as parvicornis a species feeding on Echinochloa walteri in Florida. This was a misidentification and represents a new species described as proximd on p. 52.

Merpnrar, Exel,nrNon. British Columbia: Milner, | 6, 12 July 1953 (G.J.S.). Ontario: Pelee, I 6 ,2 g g, 8 Sept. 1954 (C.D.M.). U.S.A.: Washington, D.C., 1a (Osten Sacken), lectotype.

Agromyza populoides sp. n. (Figs. 53, 54) Flren. Frons slightly wider than eye, not significantly projecting above eye in profile; 2 equal ors, directed upwards, 2 similar ori, directed largely inwards; orbital setulae reclinate, somewhat irregularly in 2 rows; jowls deepest at rea,r, rhere % vertical height of eye; in centre narrow, about'/ru eye height; third antennal segment small, round, arista only moderately pubescent. MrsoNorur.r. 3{1 strong dc, pre-sutural only slightly weaker than third, acr somewhat irregular, in 5 or 6 rows. LBcs. Mid-tibia with 1 lateral bristle. WrNc. Length in male 2.7 nrrr', up to 3.1 mm in female; costa extending to vein m.*", second costal section somewhat variable, normally abo* 4k times length of fourth, last section of mn 2/t penultimate. Cor-on. Frons dark, brownish black, third antennal segment black, first and second slightly.paler, more brownish; mesonotum mat, grayish black; legs: femora largely black but diBtinctly brownish in lower third, tibiae and tarsi paler, yellowish; squamae, margin, and fringe concolorous, whitish vellow. Mar.e GnNrrer.ra. Aedeagus distinctive, strongly chitinized, black, as in Figs. 53, 54; surstyli with 3 or 4 short bristles along inner margin. LBer'-r'lNn. Large irregular blackish blotch, with several larvae normally feeding together. Pupation takes place extemally, the puparium being con-

spicuously reddish brown. . Tvpns. Holotype 6, Saskatchewan, Regina, em.23 Aug. 1965 ex leaf-mine onPopulus deltoides I X P. baknnifera 6 (G.N.S.); paratypes: 66 6,69'9, same data; Alberta, Edmonton, 16, l June 1967 (V.K.S.); Ontario, Grand Bend, | 6 , 20 July 1939 (G.E.S.); California, Baker, Toulumne Co., 1 6 , ex P. tricho- carpa,30 Aug. 1948, Lot No. 127-1 (K.E.F.); Berkeley, Alameda Co., 16, ex Salix lasiandrt) 14 Aug. 1948, Lot No. 9-1 (K.E.F.); Quebec, Ottawa R. at Champlain Bridge, 2 6 6 , 3 I 9, em. 27-28 July 1967 ex leaf-mines on P. balsrrnifera,leg. 10 July 1967 (K.A.S. and G.E.S.);Val d'Or, 19,22 July 1967, ol P. tre?truloides (K.A.S.). Holotype, No. 10354, and paratypes in CNC, further paratypes in USNM and author's collection. A female from Ontario, Ottawa, 16 Sept. 1952 (J.R.V.), is tentatively referred to this species. Leaf-mines on Salix bebbiana, Montreal, Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.), also probably represent populoides. DrecNosrs. This species is not readily distinguishable from the Holarctic species, A. albitarsis Mg., which feeds in blotch mines on Populus spp., but the genitalia of the two are totally different. The aedeagus of A. albitarsis is shown in Figs. 7, 8. ln A. populoides the second costal section appears to be slightly shorter and the tibiae and mrsi perhaps paler, more yellow.

Agrom.yza prorima sp, n. , (Figs. 55-58) FIBao. Frons slightly projecting above eye near antennae, 2 equal reclinate ors, 2 ori, the lower weaker; ]owls deeply extended at rear, t/a vertical eye height; third antennal segment rounded at end, slightly longer than broad, with normal pubescence, arista fine, appearing almost bare.

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Frcs. 50-52, Agromyza paraicornis: 50, distiphallus, side view; 51, aedeagus, ventral view; 52, surstylus. Frcs. 53-54, A, popul:oides: 53, aedeagus, side view; 54, distiphallus, ventral view. Frcs.- 55-58, A. proxima: 55, aedeagus, side view;-56, same, ventral view; 57, posterior spiracles of puparium; 58, larval mouth-parts.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Mrsoxorur,r. Two strong dc, third small but distinctly differentiated from acr, these numerous, in at least 8 rorvs. wrxc. Lengtlt 2.4-2.7 mm, cosra extending strongly to vein mr*r, last section of m4 slrort, little o""t l/, penultimate; first cross-t'ein at midpoint of discal cell' Coron. Frons black or blackish-brown, face black, antennae largely black but normallv first and second segments and tl-rird segment on inside slightly more brownish; mesonotum shining black; legs: femora black, tibiae and tarsi only slightly paler, dark brown; squamae pale gray, fringe ochrous-brown. N{ero GaNrrer-re. Aedeagus with long, relatively narrow distiphallus, as in Figs. 55, 56' Lenve. Posterior spiracles each with 3 bulbs, the two processes closely adioining and on a conspicuon, protrrb..rnce (Fig. 57); puparium reddish brown; larval mouthparts as in Fig. s8. DrsrnrRutroN. Manitoba; U.S.A.: New York, Florida. Hororvpe 6, Florida, Sweetwater, Tamiami Canal, em. 3 Aug. 1963 ex leaf- mines on Echinochloa uaheri, Ieg. 24 July 1963 (Carl Stegmaier); paratyP_es: 36 6,49 ?,samedata;r\'tanitoba, 1 6,2miN.of Forrest, 19July 1958 (J'G'C')' Leaf-mines on P&nicum dichotomiflorum cont^ining dead larvae found at Kennedy Airport, N.Y., 23 Oct. 1965 (K.A.S.), certainly refer to this species. Holotype in USNM; paratypes in CNC and author's collection. Dr,qcNosrs. This species was misidentified as paraicornis Loew by Spencer (lg66d, p. 1) and is now described as new following establishment of the true identity of par.oicornis. It is extremely close to pdraicorlxls but the third antennal segmenr is slightly smaller and somewhat darker. The aedeagus is substantially longer and narrorver and the genitalia will normally provide the only means of a positive identifi cation.

Agromyza pseudoreptans Nowakowski Agromyza urticae Nou'akorvski, 196+, p. 192; Hendel, 193l-36, p. 144-146 (as reptans Fall.); Frick, 1952, PP. 349'354 (as reptans Fall.). Holotype a in Warsaw. Agromyza pseudoreptctas Nowakowski, 1967, p. 658, nom. nov. for urticae Nowakowski, preoccupiedby urticae Watt, 1924 (New Zealand). Aour-r. Very large species, wing length in both sexes uP to 3.9 mm, costa extending to vein mr*r; frons about 1% times rvidth of eye, not proiecting above eye in profile, normally mat black, somerimes more brownish; antennae normally black, but occasionally paler, partialll' yellorvish brown; mesonotum with up to 5 developed dc, greatly decreasing in size, with only slight subshine, distinctly mat, grayish black; legs: femora black but tibiae and tarsi paler, brorvnish vellorv; squamae vellorvish white, fringe silvery. N{eln GrNrrerre. Aedeagus ending in a short, broad, irregularly tubular process, illustratcd bv Norvakowski (196a, fig. 16), and Frick (1952,6gs. 3 and 1, as reptans). Sasakawa's illustration (1961, fig. 71, as reptans), aPPears to rePresent a further species. Hosr-prexr/Brorocv. (Jrtica spp., larva forming an irregular linear blotch- mine, greenish when fresh, darker brown later. DrsrnrnuuoN. Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Terr., Ontario, Quebec; Europe; Japan; U.S'A. New to North America. Reuenrs. This species has in the past been confused by all authors with A. reptans Fall. The genitalia of the lectotype of reptdns are entirely distinct and Nowahorvski (1964) therefore described urticde the common and wide- ^s spread species previously confused with reptans.

Agrornyza reptans Fall6n Agromyza reptdns Fall6n, 1823a,p' 3;Nowakowski, 1964, p. 188; Spencer, 1965d, p.249. LectotyPe 6 in Stockholm' Aourr. Esseptiatly as in pseudoreptans Now. (p. 54), frons possibly broader, twice width of eye, distinctly proiecting above eye in pro6le. Mar-B Gnx5e1e. Illustrated by Norvakowski (1964, fig. 14), distiphallus a pair of long, narrow tubules, Iargely fused but slightly separating and diverging at aPex' Hosr-preNrr/Brorocv. (Jrtica spp., laffa forms an irregular, blackish linear- blotch. DrsrnrnuloN. ontario, Quebec, saskatchewan; Europe; california. New to Canada, (previous records refer to A. pseudoreprazs Now.)' Rnr,renrs. This species is distinctly less common in Canada than the other feeder on(Jrtica spp., l. pseudoreptans Now. It can be recognised by its more projecting fro.ts the leaf-mines are more blackish, rather than greenish as in pseudoreptans. "nd MerBnrer Exel,rrNnn, Sweden: 6 , coll. Fall6n, lectotype. Ontario: Windsor, Belle R., 16, em. 14 Aug. 7966 from leaf-mine on Urtica gracilis,leg. 5 June 1966 (K.A.S.); Pelee, 15 July 1967, mines, some with larvae, on same host (K.A.S.). Quebec: Rupert House, 14, 30 July 1949 (R.J.L')' Saskatchewan: Scout L.,49o20', 106o0, | 6,17 June 1955 (J.R.V.).

Agromyza spiraeae Kaltenbach (Figs. 59, 60) Agrornyza spiraeae Kaltenbach, 1867, p. 104. Types aPParently lost, auctioned in London in 1880.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 56 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoGIcAL soclETY oF cANADA Agrolkyza sdnguisorb{te Hendel, 193l-36, p. 149; Hering, 1957, p' 8' Types not in Vienna, possibly lost. Aour-r. 3+l stfong tlc, the fourth only slightly than the third, costa extending thgrler profiIe; strongl1, to vein m,*.1 frJns sooty-black, either no"t oi slightly proiecting above-eye_in jo*,I; i to % veitical height of eye, deepest- at rear; mesonotum mat, grayish. black' legs iither cntirely black or wlth tibiae and iarsi stightlv, brownish, normally with.out laterrl bristlc but r"i.ly a weak one present; squamac pale-or darker gray, fringe brownish to black; rving Iength from 2.4 mm in male to 2.6 mm in female. (Figs. [,I.rr.r Gnxrreue. Aedeagus ending in single, short, brownish cylindrical process 59,60), mesophallus entirely ,i.-b.6o,ir; sursttli with 3 short, stout spines on inner margin torvards outer corner. Lenve. Spiracles and mouth-Parts illustrated by Hering (1954' fig' 2A)' Hosr-praxr/Brorocv. Many genera of the Rosoideae, in Europe_ particularly Comarnm, Rubus, Potentilla, San{uisorbu, Filipendula; in Europe also Fragaria; mine initially linear, later widening into a consPicuous blotch' DtsrnteurIoN. British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec; Europe; N' America; Japan. Ner,v to Canada. Rpuenr

A gr otny za spir a e oidearunr. Hering (Figs' 61' 62) Agromyza spiraeoidearumHering, 1957, p. 8. Holotype 6 in author's collection, presented by Prof. Hering. Aour-r. Essentially as in A. spiraeae Kalt. (cf. p. 55), but frequently smaller, rvith wing length from 2 mm (altirough male from British Columbia has wing length of 2.9 mm), io$'ls n".io".,"r, in the centre bel,ow eye only 1/ro vertical height of eye. r\tlare GrNrrer.re. Aede agus distinctive, ending in 2 short black processes (Figs. 61, 62), surstyli with 5 or 6 short bristles on outer corner' Lenve. Spiracles and mouth-Parts illustrated by Hering (195+, fig. 2). Hosr-preNr/Brorocv. Spiraea sPP., Aruncus sPP'' larva forming uPPer surface linear mine which may widen into a distinct blotch' DtsrnrsurroN. British Columbia; W. Europe' New to North America. Rrr.ranxs. Hering in his description points out that Hendel, when describing A. sattgrtisorbae (193t-36, p. 149), had before him specimens of A. spiraeae and used specimens of A. spiraeoidedrum as the basis of his description of A. spiraeae' The jowls of A. spiraeoidearum are certainly normally, alrhough not invariably, narrower than in A. spiraeae and it is also generally a somewhat smaller species. The genitalia of the two species are entirely distinct.

tt:;t-.7'l/

62 61

4rryJ #€,

Frcs.59*60, Agrotnyza spirdede: 59, aedeagus, side vierv;60, distiphallus, ventral .r'ielv. Frcs. 6l'62, A. spiroeoidearunz: 61, acdcagus, sidc vierv;62, distiphallui, r'entral vierv. Frc.6j, l. sulftrriceps: aedeagus. Frcs.64-{7, A. tcrcita: 6,1, third antennal segmcnt; 6,1, disriphallus, side lieu I 66, aedeagus, r entral r iervt 67, surstl.lus.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 58 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocIcAL socIETY oF CANADA Hering (1957, p. 9) described as subsp. arunci, the form occurring_.on Aruncus,in which there are minor larval differences, although the adults, including genitalia, are not separable from those found on spiraeae. The larval spiracles and mouth-parts of itrbsp. atancl were illustrated by Hering (1954, fig- 2c) ' A. spiiaeoidearLtm occurs only on the Spiraeoideae, while A. spiraeae is common on many genera of the Rosoideae. Mernnrar, ExenrNro. British Columbia: Mt. Thornhill, nr. Terrace, 2000 ft, | 6, 2I June 1960, on flowers of Aruncus sylvestris (J.G.C.). Germany: Rostock, | 6, 2 Mar. 1953, ex leaf-mine on Spiraea ulmif oliu (H' Buhr), holotype; also 10 paratypes, same data.

Agrotnyza sulluriceps Strobl (Fig. 63) Agromyza salfuriceps Strobl, 1898, p. 270; Hendel, 193l-36, p. 152; Frick, 1959, p.157 (as rubi Brischke); Spencer, 1966c, P.291. Lectotype 6 in coll' Strbbl, Admont, Austria. ..rrm; Anur,r. Small species, wing Iength 2.4 frons yellow below,-black above to-gether with orbits, antennae^yello-; rn.io.oto- mat-gray with 3{0 dc, occasionally a small fourth, pre-sutural dc prer"nq legs black, only fore-kne" tlgfttty yellowish; costa extending to vein mr*r, which ends near apex of wing. Meln GeNrrer,re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 63. Lenve. Illustrated by Hering (195+, fig. 3). Hosr-pr-eNr/Brorocv. Rosaceae, known from genera Potentilla, Rubus, and Sang.tisorba; larva forms an upper surface, entirely linear miner pupating externally. Drs1lnrnutroN. Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario; California, Idaho, Washington; western Europe; Mongolia. New to Canada. Rnrrams. There is doubt about the exact status of A. ru.bi Brischke and although Hendel earlier used this name, in his monograph (1931-36) he reiected rubiiifavor of. rulfuriceps Strobl. Hering lz Spencei (1968, p.43) recommended using the namerubi but later on p. 153 admitted there was possibly doub_t about the identitv of the species. prick- (tqsg) reverted to the use of rubi' but l feel it is wiser now to adhere to ntlfuriceps. I have recently examined the rwo syntyPes of sulfuriceps and designated one male as lectotype (Spencer 1966c, p.291). Maronrer SenN. Alberta: Wabamun, 1 e, 2 July 1966, on flowers of Potentilla sp. (K.A.S.). British Columbia: Gagnon Rd., 6 mi W. of Terrace, 7 6 ,20 June 1960 (J.G'C')' Ontario: Ottawa, 7 6 ,17 June 1964 (C.D.M.)' A female from Quebec, Kingsmere, 12 May 1952 (J'G.C.), possibly IePr:- segment, altholgh yellow is sents a distinct species; the third antennal -essentially distinctly brownish above and the legs are pale, brownish yellow. The rounded third aniennal segment suggests an association with sulfuriceps rather than with the aristata Malloch group (cf. p. 38).

Agrontyza oaldorensis sp. n. (Figs. 68-70) Heeo. Frons slightlv wider than eye. not proiecting above eye in profilel 2 equal ors, 2 ori, rhe lower weaklrl orbiral serulae rclatirely'long. paiticularly in frontl jowls narrow, % vertical hcighr of e)e. nor greatly extended at'rear',-third antennal segment small, distinctly pubescent towards upper corner. MEsoxorur'r, 3+1 strong dc, acr regular, in 6 rows. WrNc. Length 2 mm, costa extending to vein mr*", last and penultimate sections of m4 almost equal, first cross-vein well before midpoint of discal cell. LBcs. N{id-tibiae without lateral bristles. Coron. Head entirely black; mesonotum mat black but not grayish; femora black, knees, tibiae, and tarsi yellowish; squamae gray, fringe black. N{er.r GENIurra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 68, 69, distiphallus greatly enlarged. Lnnn-r,rrNr. Initially linear, quickly widening into an irregular brownish blotch, frass scattered in distinct black grains (Fig. 70), pupation externally. Hororvpo 6, Quebec, Val d'Or, 22 July 1967, on Spiraea alba (K.A.S.), in author's collection. DrecNosrs. This soecies is not distinguishable on external characters from A. spiracoideanrm and other members of the group. The male genitalia, however. are entirely distinct. There seems little reasonable doubt that the leaf-mines on Spirnea alba on the plant on which the specimen was caught represent the same species. Similar empty mines were found on the same host nr. Dunrobin, Ont., 19 July 1967. The leaf-mines of A. spiraeoidedrum are broadly linear, less obviously blotch-like, and whitish gray, not brown as in aaldorensis.

Agr omry za a a ril r ons Coquillett (Figs. 71, 72) Agromyzavarifrons Coquillett, 1902, p. 189. Holotype e in USNN'[. Aour.r. Frons reddish in front, black bchind, all antennal segments conspicuously reddish orange.; 3 pairs of differentiated dc; femora black, knees, tibiae, and tarsi distinctly paler; mesonotum moderately shining black; wing length 2.3 mm. Mar-n, GBrr'rr.rlre.. Aedeagus as in Fig" 71, cerci distinctive, bearing grouP of stout bristles at end (Fis. 72).

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 60 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocrcAL socrETy oF cANADA Hosr-preNr/Brorocv. Cehis laevigata and C. occidentalis, larva forming conspicuous blotch mine, pupating externally; puparium reddish brown. DIsrnrnu:rroN. Ontario, Quebec; widespread in E. United States. New to Canada. RBuanrs. This is a distinctive species, immediately recognisable by the yellow antennae and reddish frons. The host-plant was recently established by Spencer (1966d, p.2). Numerous mines of this species, mostly empty but some still containing latvae, were found on virtually every Cehis tree at the southern end of the Pelee National Park in mid-July 1967. A. aarifrons is closely related to A. trebinjensis Strobl feeding on C. australis L. in Europe. MerBnrer, Exeurrno. Ontario: Pelee, 19, 15 July 1967,onCeltis laeaigata (K.A.S.); 19, em.4 Apr. 1968 ex leaf-mine onCehis,leg. l5 luly 1967 (K.A.S.). Quebec: Montreal, Botanical Gdns., empty leaf-mine on C. occidentalis,23 Aug. 1e56 (E.M.H.). Agrotnyza tsocherothi sp. n. (Figs.73-75) Aour.r. Essentially es in A. spiraeae Kalt. (cf. p. 55) bpt mid-tibia bearing a single strong lateral bristle. MelB GBwIrer-ra, Aedeagus distinctivg, ending in 2 separate processes Gigs. 73, 71); surstyli with l or 2 short bristles on outer corner; blade of sperm sac narrow (Fig. 75). Tvpns. Holotype 6, Nova Scotia, Shelburne, 10 Aug. 1958 (J.R.V.);p^r^- types: Nova Scotia, Lockeport, I t,29 July 1958 (J.R.V.); Ontario, Maynooth, 16, 22 June 1953 (J.F.McA.); Golden L., 19, Sept. 1956 (J.R.V.); British Columbia, 2g 9,5 June 1955 (R.C., J.R.McG.); Alberta, Elk Is. Park,2 6 A,13 and 31 luly 1966 (V.K.S.). Holotype, No. 10356, and paratypes in CNC, further paratypes in coll. Sehgal and aurhor's collection. DrecNosrs. A. isolatu Malloch (l9l3a, p. 306) is clearly in this same group and close to A. aockerothi bat was described from a sinsle female in California. Until males are available from the type locality permirlng clarification of the identity of A. isolata, it seems preferable not to attempt to associate any Canadian specimens with this name. The mid-tibial bristle and the male senitalia are the essential characters for the recognition of this species. Agrornyza sp, Anurr. Large species, wing Iength 3 mm, cosra extending strongly to vein m,*,, last and penultimate sections of m, equal; 3{1 strong dc; frons distinctly reddish in front, darker, blackish, above; third antennal segment largely black but slightly reddish on inside; mesonotum mat, grayish black; squamal fringe brown. Hosr-pr,eNr. Unknown. Drsrnrnurrox. Alberta, Manitoba, Yukon Terr. RBr,rems. This species is certainly distincr from any others known in Canada. It resembles a number of European species feeding on Leguminosae, such as A. lathyri Hd. and A. nana Mg. but until the genitalia of a male can be examined a positive identification is not possible.

71 \#(-th'* 73

,lftP

Frcs. 68-70, Agromyza aaldorensis: 68, aedeagus, side view; 69, distiphallus, ventral view; 7Q leaf-mine on Spiraea alba. Frcs. 7l-72, A. varifrons (Florida): 71, aedeagus; 72, cerci. FIcs. 71-75, A. aockerothi: 73, aedeagus, side view; 74, distiphallus, ventral view; 75, sperm sac. FIc.76, Agromyza sp.: leaf-mine on Betula sp. Frc. 77, Agromyza sp.: leaf-mine on Salix pyri.f olia.

Merente.r, Exel.uNpl. Alberta: Jasper, 1 9, 16 June 1966 (V.K.S.). Manitoba: Churchill, I 9, 13 July 1952 (J.G.C.). Yukon 'Ierr. : Carcross, I I , 2l Aug. 1957 (H.J'H.).

Unidentified Leaf-mines of Agromyza species Betulaspp. A long, irregularly winding, whitish mine, narrow-initially but considerably'i,ide.,ing io*rtf'r end iFig. 76)-. This exactly resembles the mine rvell represent this species but no adults of Agromyza alnibetilae Hendel and m# -specimens have-been encountered among the hundreds of eramined' Alberta: Flatbush,6 July 1966; OntariS: Constance Bay, 8iuly 1967; Quebec: Val d'Or' 22 Ju,ly 1967, on B. papyrif era (all K.A.S.). Cynoglossum officinale L. A large, irregular blotch, with black frass scattered ..ntrrily rtrd r.n.."i larvae feeding tiogethei. Ontario: Dunrobin, 19 luJy 1967 (K.A.S.). Possibly A. canadensls Xtlalloch. Dactytis glomerata. Ontario: Pelee' 15 JuIy 1967 (K'A'S')' A greenish mine, filling entire width of leaf, PuPation externally. Geum riaale. Quebec: N{ontreal, Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). An entirely linear mine. Hystrix pantla Moench. A broad, white mine uP to- 3 in' .long' Frost (1924, p.181) refers these mines to A. an:gulall_Lo:y 6ut this is clearly a misidentification. Ontario: Pelee, 16 July 1967 (K.A.S.)' Lithosperym,tm ofi.cinale L. A dark greenish mine r'vith central black frass' larvae feeding singly.' Possibly A. diversa Johnson. On-tario: Ottawa, Green Valley Motei JuIy iVel (K.A.S.); Que6ec: Montreal, Mount Royal Park,'Aug. 1956^r"i,'5-9 (E.M.H.).' filling the width Pnricum tcdnthophysum Gray. A broad, ^Pupiriumpale greenish mine, of the leaf, with conipicuous black frass. pale brown. Quebec: Eardlev, 12 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Potentilla noraegica. Quebec: Val d'Or, 23 Julv 1967 (K.A.S.). A linear blotch-mine close to Agrornyza spiraeae. Rosa sp. Initially linear, at leaf margin, larer videning into an irregular blotch. Alierra: Blairmore, 27 June tOB,e; Wabamun L', 2 July 1966 (both K.A.s.). Rubus spp. A long, white linear mine, relatively lvide .at end. Ontario: common in Oitawa 1967; Toronto, 7 Oct. 1965 (both K.A.S.). "t.a,-;uly Salix pyrifolla Anderson. A yellowish blotch at margin of leaf (F.i3.77), probably representing A. atbitariis Mg. Quebec: Val d'Or, 22 luly 1967 (K.A.s.). Gnxus lapanagromyza Sasakawa lapanagrornyza Sasakawa, 1958, p. 140. Type of genus: Agromyza duchesneae Sasakawa, 1954, p. 106. This genus was erected for a small glouP of sPecies- occurring.in Ja.p^an and was subseiuentlv found to be widely iepresented in the Oriental-Pacific area (Spencer 1'962a,'p.652;1962b,p.665;'1966f,p.494;Sasakawa 1963a,p..25;1963b, p. +Ol; 1963c, p.iOV1; larer, I found the genu3 to occur in the Neotropical Region ispe.r..r lg6J-c, p. 300). More recent studies have shown that at least 10 species

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv Frorida are found i,,,r," c,,rlulil.",l""#il;"*, in rrp",^"i.i 7seea,p.2); in this paper a kev is given for four";;;, species occurring-in N^"Il A*.ri.i nnd'i, i, poini"a' our rhai the hve species included by Frick ( 1959' P' 352) in couplets tt toil of his Agromyza.key belong in lapanagroTl,*' Two species occur in Canada, which can be seParated as tollows: Halteres white, squamal fringe silvery; 2 dc . ' " viridula (Coq') 1 n' - Halteres and squarnal fringe"black; 3'dc ' brooksi sp'

Japanagromryza brooksi sP' n' (Figs. 78' 79) Hrno. Frons only slightly wider than ele' no! projecting "b:" ?:,il shlnlnqif:|:i :::ll?:lunule triangle inconspicuous.'orb'irs broad, well diffcrentiated, both only weaklv oth"t, orbit-al setulae small, semicircular; orbital bristles irregular, J side, i on ;u* "t""g', ""'one upright; third antennal long, reclinate; iowls lr"rii"rl'heighiof eY^e,.ele bare' ,.gil.n, large, slightly "".to*,broadening apically, ariita only finely pubescent' -strong of second; MnsoNorur,r. Two pairs of dc, with a small third one slightly in front strong pair of prsc; acr in some 8 rows. -dro.". section of mn L.rrgth in male 3 mm, costa extendin^g strongly to 1'ei1 -',-j'- lttt of discal cell' only slightly shorier ,f,rn p.""t,i-aie, in ratio Z5:28] first cioss-vein at midpoint LBcs. Mid-tibia with 2 strong lateral bristles' mat from coron. Frons mat black, slightly shining-black from behind, more -"r'o.ro,o- and frontfabdomen esr"nti"lly blatt, witf, faintesi .opp"ty rEflections; squamae gray, margin fringe black; halteres black. (Fig' Alere GeNrr,qrr.t. Aedeagus as in Fie. 78, tubular mesophallus enlarged; surstylj 79) aedeagal apodeme,long, row of short Uri-r,.ii trirtl., ilong entire inner'margin-; . with a to .te.raer, ninth sternite triangular, without ext5nded hypandrial apodeme, bending ventrally form a right-angle. Hotot"n" 6, Ontario, Mer Bleue, 2 June 1958 (A'R'B'), in CNC, No' 10357' DrecNosrs. This is the only known Nearctic species with. a black squamal fringe; it is also unusual in possessing a small third doiso-central but this character "genitalia -"y" r-rot be constant. Tf-te male show that the species occupies an isolatedposition' lapanagronryza oiriilula(coquillett) (Fig. 80) Agromyza uiridula Coquillett, 1902, p. 190. Holotype in USNM' lapunagromyza viridula, Spencer, 1966d, P. 3' to Anur-r. Moderate-sized species, wing length 2.8-3.0 mm, costa extending strongly above eye, vein m,*,, first cross-vein well before' midp"oint 6f discal cell; frons not pro)ecting lerge; lunule conspicuously silvery; orbital bristles strong, third antennal segment -"t-bla.-L, 'of with 2; meso- 2fO a., a srrong p"ir prsc;'fore-tibia with I strong bristle, mid-tibia -lateral green; squamae and fringe .rotu- -od"r"t""ly shinirig blackish, abdomen con$icuously silvery; halteres white. Mer-p GeNrr.qr-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 80' Hosr-pr_exr/Brorocv. Quercus rubra and probably othet Quercus sPP.) larva forming an upPer-surface blotch, PuPating externally' DrsrRreurroN. Nova Scotia, ontario; widespread in E.- United states to Gulf of Mexico. New to Canada' Reu,rnns. The white halteres can lead this species to be mistaken for an Agromyzabut the presence of only 2 strong dc togeiher_with well-developed prsc indicate its correci generic position. Tn-e fore-iibial bristle is also signillcant, althoush this charactEr is found in some Melanagromyzd sPecies'

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA n4ernnrar Exll.rxso, Nova Scotia: Lockeport, 1 9, 1 Aug. 1958 (J.R.V.). Ontario: Normandale,31 3 6,21-29 May 1956 (J.R.V.);16,29 9,21M.y- June 1956 (J.R.L.); Rondeau Park, I 6, 7 Sept. 1954 (W.R.M.)'

Gnxus lWelanagrornyza Hendel Melanagrowyza Hendel, 1920, p. 120; l93l-36, p.156; Spencer, 7966b, pp. 3-60. Type of genus: Agromyzn deneoventris Fall6,n, 1823a. Of the 17 species represented in Canada, 14 are described below as new. This is primarily a southern genus and no species penetrate into the Arctic. M. aluskae sp. n. described from Anchoraqe is at the northern limit of the distribution of the genus. -Melattugrom,yza species are predominantly stem-borers and the four Canadian sp. n., species whoie life-history is knbwn, Met. sp. (Steyskal), wartini _tma.tri- iarioides sp. n., and ,tiretis (Loew), all feed in this way. In the southern United States and th" Neotropical Region there is a well-developed group of seed-feeders (Spencer 1966d,p.7f Theselre generally smaller but other-wise morphologically identical to the stem-borers. The European species were lecently revised by Spencer- (1966b). Most species are host-specific. Many species feed on hosts in_ the- larger families such as Compositae ind Umbelliferae but a wide range of other families is also attacked. Four Ophiomyin and two Hexoznyza species which on external characters could be misiaken ior Melanagromyzaspecieiare included in the key given below.

KEv ro CaxaoreN Melnnagromyza Sercrns 1 Costa ending at vein rn+r 2 - Costa ett"nding to vein lnr-r . . 3 2 Veins wln's exceptiona]ly p"": u'bn'di :":l*,r ""].;tess, _n:";.::fhy";iT:T - Wing normal; orbits and cheeks brilliantly shining black .. . OPhiomyia simPlex (Loew) 3 Squamal fringe pale, white or at most ochrous 4 Squamal fringe dark, black or brown 12 4 A{esonotum and abdomen entirely black; very large species, wing length 3.1- 3.5 mm; orbits srrongly projecting in profile, orbital setulae proclinate Atl.,,t,bdo.e,'shininggreenishorcoPpefy.. 5 Orbits distinctly projecting above eye in profile . . . 6 Orbits not significantly proiecting 7 6 Orbits shining black, very strongly projecting; large species, wing length-3.4 mm inmale .....n1trdixddsp.n. Orbits not significant]r shlninS: *1"s ,\-t*T#r, :"'"1:' '0..t::, li"sth ,r. n. Large species, wing length up to 3.5 mm; abdomen normally shining bluish . . sp. (Steyskal) Smaller species, wing length up to 2.8 mm; abdomen greenish or coPPery . . 8 8 Orbits conspicuously broad, each almost % width of frons; orbital setulae in numerous rows, rnner ones largely proclinate, particularly above, those nearer eye margin reclinate 9 Orbits narrower, orbital setulae at most in 2 rows, not proclinate above t0

78 -'I-:-i-l:i'''';-'i-->

80 79

'.:i1--:=;

t:, ,y'.: --:i. ,' '.'r.:;:i,.;fr. . _.----:-. 85

80, oiridula:. aedeagus. Frcs. 78-79, 'MelanagroznyzaIapanagroTnyza brooksi: 78, aedeagus; 79, surstylus. FIc. J. Frcs. g1-g2, alaskde: 81, aedeagus, side view; 82, same, ventral view. Frcs. 83-85, M. buccali.s: 83, head; 84, aedeagus, side view; 85, same, ventral view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv DrecNosrs. t^,:;:T, ;;;i.,;;;,ilr**ished rrom u' o"!n"' (Loerv) on exrernal cliaracrers. The orbirs arc possib.ly,-slightly n?lt9.u.t'J1.: orbital setulae finer and less numerous, the mesonotum sllghtl)'more snlnlng' Ine aedeagus and surstyli, hor'vever, are entirely distinct' Melanagrotnyza buccalis sP. n' (Figs' 83-85) 2 3 Haen. Frons not pro]ecting above e1-e, 1%.times rvidth of eyc; 2 ors and either or ori; orbiral ,.tulr. .rr.ntlrity r"Fti"r,.. a ierv hairs of partial innir row. possiblr- proclinate.; ocellar triangl" onty tu.ri.li.i define.tr lorvls rFig' 83) conspicuously proiecting-f::tY,:9::",1.1 height of .f; .y. in male'rvith conspicuous palch of hairs above; arista appcartng vrrtually bare. Aour.r. Wing length in male from 2 to 2.3 mm, in femaie up to 2'8 mm; venation normal' orbits and ocellar triangl: cor.on. Frons mat black or slightly brorvnish, Y:.YIy ,tlti"ln-g-., mesonorum appearlng nat, black fr"om'front, more shining, grcenish from behind; abdomen "and pale .hini.rg gr.".r'iri in ,i-rale, in female more coppery; ,q.rr-""" fringe white, margins brown. on AIrr-e Grrrrelln. Aedeagus disrincrivc. as in Figs.8{,8i. $ith clraracteristic process wltn each side of distiphallus abor'61 surstl'li rvith a rorv of short, fine bristles rntersPersed hairs along length of inner margin. Tvpns. Holotype 6, Quebec, Lake Bernard, 7 Aug' 1938 (G'F"S ).'--PTi- (D'C'); types: Ontario, Otiawa, l' 6 , 25 Aug. 1908 (J F'); 6 6 6 , 20 June 195+ ii, rS Aug. 1954 (R.L.); 7 6, 7 6ct' 1-917 (G.E'S'); 16, 1e , 9 June 1962 (JRV);N'i'erBleue, 16,3 June 1938 (A.R.B');Simcoe,3 6 6.,: I 9' 9'23 June istp (c.b.s.);Spencerviile, t a, 1e (in cop.), 24-Aug-. 191: (G'H'H'); Quebec, L'Assomption,' 4'6 3,29 Q,] Atg. flie-^-t-CanS']:,!tt^Bernard, 19-, 7 Aug' 1938 (G]E.S.); Hull, r 6,25 sept. ilz: (C.H.C.); Wakefield,. I 6, 20 June 1946 I tC.S.ii.l; Knowlton, 1 4, I I (in cop.), 1 Aug.-l929 (l.f'11'];.Abbotsford' 6, iz y,r.r"'isll G.n.S.); val d;or, 4 e e, 22- July .1967.(K'A's')' Holotype, collection' No.-toloo, and paratypes in cNC, further PalatyPes in author's DrRcxosrs. This is clearly a fairly'lt common specics in eastern canada' the most westerly locality being Simcoe. is rcadily'recognisable by the characteristic jowls. The a'edeagu"s is typical of the genus b-ut 4uite disrinctive. Three females from B?rvse.,'8.C., l6 June"l 955 (G.E.S.), somewhat resemble buccalis but certainly represenr a distinct species' The orbits are .strongly proiecting above the'.y., in. jorvls are cleepei. and there is a hroad raised keel fi;iJi^" ;h; trr. oi thJ antenn'ae. The formal description of this species should best wa"it until males are available.

MelanagromYza lastosa sP. n. (Figs. 86, 87) FIBeo. Frons variable, 1% to twice rvi

Tvprs. Holotype d , Quebec, Hull, 24 May 1923 (C.H.C.); paratype: 1 6 , Alberta, Onefour, 13 June 1956, "swept from wild mustard" (O.P.). Holotype, No. 10361, in CNC, paratype in author's collection. DIacNosts. The variation in the two type specimens is surprising and unusual; the identical and distinctive genitalia of the specimens confirms beyond doubt that they represent the same species. The broad jowls combined with the black squamal fringe make the species readily recognisable. Whether the typical form is that from Alberta with the conspicuously projecting frons and unusually broad jorvls or that from Quebec with the more normal head shape can only be decided as more material becomes available. A female from Onefour,2 June 1956 (O.P.), is only tentatively referred to this species. It is substantially larger with rving length of 3.2 mm, it lacks the shining ocellar triangle and orbits and the abdomen is more greenish. Additional material is required before the exact status of this specimen can be decided.

Melanagrornyza inornatd sp. n. (Fig. 88) Anurr. Generally resembling M. miranda Gf. p.72), r.vith following points of difference: lunule los'er than semicircle, broader; orbital setulae all proclinate (Fig. 88), cheeks not shining; mesonotum mat black, even when viewed from behind, abdomen blackish coppery; u'ing length 1.1-3.5 mm in female, last section of m, short, % length of penultimate. Tvpos. Holotype 9, Quebec, Beech Grove, 16 May 1961 (J.F.McA.); paratvpe: 1 9, same data. Holotvpe, No. 10362, in CNC, paratype in author's collection. Drecxosrs. The broadly projecting orbits make this a distinctive species and among those with a rvhite squamal fringe it can only be compared with M. miranda. It is immediately recognisable by the entirely proclinate orbital setulae.

Melanagrornyza laetifica sp. n. (Figs. 89, 90) FIE.rr. Frons slightly less than twice width of eye, conspicuously projecting above eye, increasinglv so anteriorlyi orbital bristles strong, ail equal, normally 2 ors, 3 ori (in holotype ,1 ori on one side), orbital setulae short, reclinate; jowls relatively broad, deepest in centre, /+ ro /> r'ertical height of eye, cheeks forming only narrow ring below eye; eye bare, slightly slanting, third antennal segment somewhat quadrate at upper corner, rounded belorv, arista onlv finely pubescent. WrNc. Length from 2 mm in male to 2.6 mm in female, costa extending to vein mr*r, last section of m, relatively long, only slightly shorter than penultimate. LEcs. A'Iid-tibia with I strong lateral bristle. Coron. Frons mat black, orbits and ocellar triangle weakly shining; mesonotum conspicuously shining black, only slightly more mat viewed from front, abdomen shining black, rvithout significant metallic coloration; squamae gray, margin and fringe black. n{ar.n GrNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 89, 90. Tvpns. Holotype d, Alberta, A4ountain View, 9 June 1962 (K.C.H.); par"- types: 1 I, Alberta, Manyberries, 4 June, 1956 (O.P.); 1 6, Manitoba, Treesbank, 16 June 1923 (H.A.R.). Holotype, No. 10363, and paratype in CNC, one paratype in author's collection. Dtecxosrs. The significant characters of this species are the projecting frons, strong orbital bristles, black squamal fringe and black abdomen. It is close to M. fastosd but distinguishable by the narrower jowls and stronger orbital bristles. The male genitalia are enrirely distinct.

ffirl.j r / gf \i: .1 Ir \\i:\-\*s+ ,,r.\\ ' \.j\ ii- 86

Frcs. 86-87, Meldnagrotnyza fastosa: 86, aedeagus, sidc view; 87, same, ventral view. Frc. 88, M. inornata: head. Frcs. 89-90, M. Iaetifica: 89, aedeagus, side view; 90, same, ventral view. FIcs. 91-93, M. lauta: 91, head; 92, aedeagus, side vicw; 93, same, r'entral vie'"v.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Nlelanagromyza lauta sp. n. (Figs.91-93) FIBeo. Frons slightly less than I % timcs width of eye, not prolecting above eye in profiIe; orbital bristles irregular, 2 ors and 4 ori on one side, 2 and 2 on the other; orbital setulae in single rorv, rcclinate; ocellar triangle and orbits scarcely differentiated; jowls very narrow, '/,, eve.heighr, eye bare; vibrissal margin lined rvith dense fringe of hairs (Fig. 91); third antennal segment small, bare, arista conspicuously long, slightly Ionger than width of eve, also bare. Wixc. Length in male 2.8 mm, venation normal. Lrcs. N{id-tibiae 'lvith 2 lateral bristlcs. Cor.on. Entirelv black, frons and ocellar triangle mat; mcsonotum mat vicrved from front, moderately shining from behind; abdomen subshining black, rvithout metallic coloration; squamae pale gray, rnargin and fringe black. Mer-E Gnxrr-qua. Aedeagus as in Figs. 92, 93. Hororvpe d, Ontario, Simcoe, 20 June 1939 (G.E.S.), in CNC, No. 10364. Drecsosrs. This species is immediatelv distinsuishable from all others in the gcnus in the Nearctic Region by the conspicuous fringe of hairs along the vibrissal margin. It closely resembles M. barbata Spencer, 1960 from South Africa but in this species the distinctive fringe of hairs (Spenccr 1960, fig. 1) is ochrous, not black,.and I am satisfied that the two species are distinct.

Melanagromyza rnartini sp. n. (Figs. 9,1, 9s) FIBqn. Frons broad, trvice ri.idth of eyc, orbits normallv distinctly pro]ccting above eye in profle, occasionally less so; 2 ors, 3 or 4 ori, all apparently equal, ors reclinate, ori more incun,ed; orbital setulae short, somewhat irregularlv in 2 rorvs, predominantly upright or slightly proclinarc but rorv nexrer eye margin partially reclinatel ]ouls decp. up to ': eyc height, eye in male slightly pilose at level of o-rs; third antennal segment small, rounded, arista appearing bare. Wrrvc. Length 2.5-2.8 mm, last section of vein mr*n % penultimate. Coron. Ocellar triangle only slightly shining, mesonotum almost entirely mat black, r.vith only faintest metallic reflections, abdomcn distinctly shining, grecnish to coppery; squamae pale, whitish gray, margin pale brou'n, fringe u'hite. Mer.B Gr,Nrrar-t.+. Acdeagus as in Figs. 94, 95, basiphallus adjoining distiphallus complex; surstyli distinctly projecting inrvards, v'ith a ferv rveak bristles at end. PLTpARIUM. Pale, strarv-colored; posterior spiracular processes black, adjoining, strongly chitinized, each *'ith a stout central horn and an ellipse of 15-18 bulbs. Tvpus. Holotype 6, Ontario, Ancaster, Apr. 1965, ex stems of Urtica dioica (J.E.H.I,1.); paratypes: 2 6 6,29 ?, same data; Alberta, Cvpress Hills, | 9, 25 June 1966, ovipositing on (Jrtica grdcilis; Edmonton, 1 6, 15 June 1966 (both K.A.S.); George L., ex N'lalaise trap, 1 4, I July 1966 and Blairmore, 1 6, 25 Jtne 1966 (both V.K.S.); British Columbia, Bowset, 1d, 5 June 1965 (J.R.NtlcG.); Saskatchervan, Val A{arie, 7 3,9 June 1955 (J.R.V.). Holotype, No. 10365, and paratypes in CNC, further paratypes in author's collection. Drecxosrs. This is the third species in this genus feedinq in stems of Urtica. M. aenea (i\"{g.) occurs commonlv i,r Errrop.; ih" tq.tt-al"fringe is black (cf. Spencer 1966b, p. 10). M. urticiaora Spencer (1966a, p. 9) is known only from the Western Himalayas; in this species the squamal fringe is white but the pupal spiracles are separated by their own diameter (Spencer 1966n, fig. 18), not adjoin- ins as in marti'ni.

... /

94 95

,1".-'\

100 3 101

Frcs. 94-95, Melanagromyzd mdrtini; 94, aedeagus, side view; 95, same, ventral view. FIcs. 96-97, M. matricarioides: 96, aedeagus, side view; 97, surstylus. Frcs. 98-99, M, mi.randaz 98, head; 99, aedeagus, side view. Frcs. 10G-101, M. modesta: 100, aedeagus, side view; 101, same, dorsal view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 72 MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOT{OLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Melanagromyza nratricttrioicles sp. n. (Figs. 96, e7) 1/, Hneo. Jowls deepest in centre below eye, height of eye; orbital setulae fine, sparse, reclinate; eye distincdy pilose in male; arista bare. Wrxc. Length 2.2 mm, last section of vein m, % penultimate. Coron. Head mat black, orbits and ocellar triangle rveakly shining; mesonotum distinctly shining greenisl-r, even 'nvhen vierved from front, abdomen similar; squamae and fringe white. Nlrr-r GeNrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 96, basiphallus adjoining distiphallus complex; surstyli conspicuousllr curving inwards, with a few fine bristles on inner corner (Fig.97). Florotvpe 6, Ontario, Ottawa, em. 4 Julv 1955 ex "stem mine in pineapple wced" (Ilaticariaructtricsrioides),leg. Geo. Levn'is and reared by J.f'. N'IcAlpine, in CNC, No. 10366. Dtecxosts. This is one of the smallest of the large glouP of greenish species occurling in Canada. It is distinguishable from M. modestit by the more shining mesonot;m but reliable identification will normally only be possible after examination of the male senitalia. Two furthei specimens are tentatively referred to this species but are not placed as pararypes owing to slight variations rvhich might later prove to be of ipecific significance: Otiau-a, i 9 , em. 26 July 1962 from stem of cultivated Anthemis (J.R.V.);Alberta, EIk Is. Park, 16, June 1966 (K'A.S.)'

Melanagromyza rniranda sP. n. (Figs. 98, 99) Hoeo (Fig.98). Frons broad, trvice *'idth of eye, orbits also broad, conspicuously projecting abo.l.e eye, particularly anteriorly;2 ors,5 or 6 equal, inclined ori' orbitai setulae t% nr,-etonq Iargely reclinare; lunule na.rrow and higher than semicircle; iorvls deeP, eve height, cheekiforming broad ring belorv eye; c1'e u'ith patch of short hairs at level of ors; third antennal segment round, bare, arista appearing bare' WrNc. Lcngth in male 3.4 mm, \'ienation normal. Coron. Hcad blacl<, ocellar triangle and orbits weakly, cheeks conspicuously shining; mesonotum appearing slightly mat from"front, brilliantly shining, blackish grcen vierved from bchind; abdo'nien gri"triJh with slight coppe-ry reflcctions; squalnae pale gray, fringe rvl.rite, margin brou'n. NIel.B Grxlrerre.. Aedeagus distinctive, as in Fig. 99. Tvpns. Holotype 6, British Columbia, Anarchist \!.'' Ot^of.oos,-20 A"Iay 1959 (R.E.L.); ptt.ryp": Osoyoos, 16, 8 Ntlay 1953 (J.R.N'IcG.)' Holotype, No. 10367, in CNC, paratype in author's collection. Dr.qcxosrs. This is a distinctive sPecies, immediately lecognisable by the characteristic shape of the head.

Mehnagromyza modesta sP. n. (Figs' 100, 101) Anurr. Very closely resembling M. ntatricdrioides (see abor,e) but nlesonotum obvioush' less shining g.hen'r.icrvei from fron"r, appearing mat-blacl<, slightly shining greenish vierved from bchind. Nl.qrri Gexrr,tr-re. Aedeagus as in Figs. 100, 101, distinct-gap betu.'een ta-siphallus.and distiphallus complex; surstyli &rt'ing broaily inrvards, and a few short rvcal< bristles along margrn. Tvpes. Holotvpe d, Ontario, Niagara Glen, l Aug. 1957 (JR\'-'I3TI tvpes: Ontario, Otiau'a, | 6,23 NIay 1918 (J,R.V,;t 16, 5 July 193s (G'E'S'); Quebec, Old Chelsea, 7 6 ,23 July 1956 (J.R.\t.); I(ingsmere, 16, 12 i\'{ay 1958

(J.G.C.); X'It. St. Hilaire, 16, 4 June 1963 (J.R.V'). Holotype, No' 10368, and paratvpes in CNC, two ParatYPes in author's collection. Drecxosrs. Although this spccics is close to .11. ruatricarioides the differences in coloration of the mcs]onotum^and in the genitrlia sntisfr- me that it is distinct. It rvill certainlv prove to be a feeder in stems or seed-herds'

Melanagromyza occidentalis sp. n. (Figs. 102, 103) HE.\t. Frons.r,ariable, from 1lz tines to t$,ice $'idtl-r of eve, orbits pronor:ncecl, normally not bur occasionally disrinctll- projecting abore c-ie,in p[o6.tel 2 ors..2,sliglrtll rt'eakcr_ori- \'crl lcal orbital setulae shori but nttlncrous, reclinatel ]ou ls decpcst itr ccntrc L.rclou cr e' '4. height of cve, checl

Melanagrornyza orientalis sp. n. (Figs. 104, 105) FIp,{D. Frons only slighrly rvider tl-ran evc, ortrits slender, scarccly differentiated, not pro]ecting abor-e eyc in pL,intci orbiral bli,tlcs short,2 ors,2 ori, orbital setulae rather long, in r'i.rgl"".orrr, r..lir-rrte; jorvls'r- r'crtical Ireiglrt of eyc; third:rntennal scgment snrall, round, arista long, fine, bare. Wrxc. Lclgth from 2.4 mm in malc to 2.7 mm in female, costa extending to vcitt mr*r, t enation non-nal. Lscs. i\'lid-tibia u'ith 2 g.eak lateral bristles' Colon. Entirely black, frons sootv, or-bits and occllar t ri:rngle orr'lv faintly sllinirrgl mesonotun alnrost brorvnish black, mat from front, sliglitly slrining fr.rtt tcar. abdomen shining black, rvitl-rout metaliic coloration; squamac darl< gral', margin=and fringe black. 1\Ltn Gnxrr.ct.r'q. Aedcagus as in Fiqs. 10+, 105' Tvpns. Holotype d, Ontario, X{armora, 10 Julv 1952 (J.R.V')1 p.rttl'pts' 19, Blacl

~~103~~

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Frcs. 102-103, Melanagrotnyza occidentd.li.r: 102, aedeagus, side view; 103, same, dorsal view. Frcs. 10f105, M. orientalis: 104, aedeagus, side I'ierv; 105, same, ventral vierv. Frcs. 106-107, M. setifrons: 106, aedeagus, side view; 107, same, ventral view.

Nlelanagromyza setilrons ( Melander ) (Figs. 106, 107) Agromyza setifrons N{elander, 1913, p. 260. Holotype 6 in USNM. Melanagrornyzd setifrons, Frick, 1959, p. 366. Arulr. Stout, shining black species, wing length up to 3.2 mm in fcmale; orbits distinctly projecting above eye, cheeks forming broad ring belorv eye, shining; orbital setulae irregular but predominantly reclinatc; dc irregular, up to 4 on one side, fourth only slightly beyond level of supra-alar; last section of vein mn little shorter than penultimate; squamae dark gray, fringe ]et black. M,e,rr GBxrrerre. Aedeagus distinctive, as in Figs. 106, 107; surstyli projecting inrvards rvith long hairs at end and stouter, shorter bristles below. Hosr-prexr/Brorocv. Unknown. DtsrnrnurroN. Alberta, British Columbia; U.S.A.: Idaho. Drecxosrs. This species superficially resembles M. inornata and M. wirandu but is immediately distinguishable by the entirely black squamal fringe. It is unusual in having up to four dc and the aberrant genitalia confirm that it occupies an isolated position. MersRral Exel,rrNcn. Allrerta: Blairmore, 1 6, 1 ? ,26 lune 1966 (K.A.S.). British Columbia: N{erritt, Midday Valley, 19, 3 July 1923 (R.H.); Ro1r516tt, 3 I ?, 7 June 1955 (R.C., J.R.N'IcG.).

Melanagrornyza shenelli sp. n. (Figs.108-110) Hnao (Fig.108). Frons broad, trvice rvidth of eye, orbits pronounced, raiscd, conspicuously projecting above eye, more so anteriorly; occllar triangle inconspicuous, lunule broad, upper margin forming semicircle; 4 or 5 equal, orbital bristles, 2 reclinatc ors, 2 or 3 incurved ori; orbital setulae irregularly in trvo rorvs, those nearest eye margin largely reclinate, the inner row more proclinate; eye upright, bare; jowls deepest in centre, tl vertical height of eye, cheeks forming broad ring below eye; third antcnnal segment small, rouuded, arista largely bare, base of antennae divided by broad, flat keel, which narrows towards mouth- margin. WrNc. Length from 2 mm in male to 2,7 mm in female, costa extending to vein m'*,, venation normal. Lncs. Mid-tibia normally without lateral bristles, but one sometimes Present. Coron. Ocellar triangle and orbits scarcely shining, mcsonotum mat black 'r.icrvcd from front, slightly more shining vieu'ed from rear, with faint greenish reflections, abdomen distinctly shining greenish, more so in female; squamae gray, margin and fringe b1ack. Nlaro Gnxrrar.ra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 109, 110. Tvpns. Holotype 6, British Columbia, Bowscr, 10 June 1955 (G.E.S.); paratypes: 2 6 6 ,1 9, Bowser, 5 and 7 .June 1955 (J.R.McG.), 1 9, same data as holotype; 2 3 6 ,1 9, Atlin, 2200 ft,7 and 13 June 1955 (H.H.);2I 9, Tertace, 11 June 1960 (J.G.C.); 16, Victoria, 6 June 1928 (W.D.); Alberta, Frank, 19, 26 June 1966 (K.A.S.); Ntlountain View, 16, 9 June 1962 (K.C.H.). Holon'pe, No. 10371, and nine paratypes in CNC, three paratvpes in author's collection. Dr.tcrvosrs. The significant characters in this species are the projecting orbits, deep jowls, facial keel, black squamal fringe, and greenish abdomen.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 76 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocrcAL socIETy oF cANADA Melanagromyza tetrica sp. n. (Figs.111,112) Hnen. Frons broad, almost trvicc rvidth of eye, not significantly prolecting above eye in profile; ocellar triangle and orbits conspicuous, lunule slightly higl-rer tl-ran semicircle;4 or 5 strong, equal orbital brisrles (in holotvpe J ori on one side only), orbital sctulae long, sparsc, reclinate; jowls btoad, /; \.ertical hcight of eye, deepest at rear, cheeks forming only narrow ring belol- eye; tl-rird antennal segment small, round, arista lar:gelv bare. Wrxc. Length from 2.6 mm in male to 3.1 mm in female, costa extending strongly to vein mr*", last section of m, relatively long, only slightly shorter than penultimate, in ratio 25:21in nrale. l0:2* in female. Lrcs. A{id-tibia with 1 strong lateral bristle. Coron. Frons n.rat black, ocellar triangle and orbits conspicuously shining; mcsonotun strongly shining black, even from front, abdomen entirely black; squamae dark gray, fringe and margin black. l1.qrE, Goxrrerre. Aedeagus typical of stem-borers, as in Figs. 111, 112. Tvlrs. Holotype 6, Saskatchewan, Rockglen, 49olI', 705"56', 21 June 1955 (J.R.V.);p.trtype: 1?, same data, both in CNC, No. 10372. Dt.q.cxosrs. This is a substantially larger species thrn M. orientalis and is immediately distinguishable by the shining black ocellar triangle, orbits, and mesonotum.

Melanagrornyza airens ( Loew ) (Figs.113-115) Agrowyza airens Loew, 1869, p. 16. Lectotype 9, designated by Frick, 1957, D. 200. in NICZ. Melcrnagrotnyza airens) Frick, 1952, p. 380; 1959, p.367; Sher,vell, 1953, p. 465; Spencer, 1963c, p. 322. Melanagrornyzfl heterothecae Spencer, 1966d, p. 10, syn. nov. Holotype a in USNN,{. Anur-t. Medium-sized species, wing length 2.2-3 nm; mesonotum blackish green, largely mat, abdomen more conspicuously shining grccn; orbirs unusually broad, each up to % rvidth of frons, thickly covered rvith sctulae in ieveral rows, the inner i'olvs proclinate, those nearest eye margin reclinate; squamae and fringe rvhitc. A,IerB GBxrreri'r. Aedeagus as in Figs. 113, 114; surstylus with a group of 3-6 strong bristles at inner corner (Fig. 115). Lanve. Posterior spiracles separated by more than own diameter, each with an ellipse of 7 or 8 bulbs around a minute horn. Hosr-pr.cxr/Brorocv. Compositae, larva feeding as an internal stem-borer. Drslnrnulrox. British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec; U.S.A., extending south to Florida. New to Canada. Rnr.r.qnrs. I have previously considered this species to be svnonymous with 14. splendida Frick. Re-examination of available material, together with the new material cited below, satisfies me that in fact the two species are distinct. The characteristic features of M. uiretts are the exceptionally broad orbits bearing numerous rows of setulae. u ith those above conspicuously proclinate. In M. splettdida the orbits are also broader than average and the general arrangement of the orbital setulae is as in virens but they are noticeably sparser and less distinctly proclinate above and in the inner rows. Shewell (1953, p.465), after examination of Loew's two type specimens, commented as follows on the orbits: "orbital hairs numerous, mostly proclinate but the outermost rolv reclinate." This arrangement also applies exactly to M. splendida and it was unfortunate that the

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~~zi-zi. . .,:\ : .t, . 'a:) 4.\ t *l* '/\" .=/ ,.1. ._ \ {"j-i*+.:- '_2I \ -.:\. 116~~

Frcs. 108-110, Melanagromyza she,zDelli: 108, head; 109, aedeaqus, side vierv; 110, same, ventral vierv. Frcs. 111-112, M. tetrica: 111, aedeagus, side r-iew; 1l), same, dorsal vierv. Frcs. 113- 1_15,. M. virens: 113, aedeagus, sidc view; 114, same, dorsal view; 115, surstylus. Frc. 116, Melanagromyza sp. (Steyskal): aedeagus.

first specimens in this group which I examined were splendidn. It was this fact which led to my misidentifying splendidd as pirens and establishing the synonymy of the rwo. M. splettdida Frick is therefore now formally resurrected' Specimens from Jamaica (Sp.n..t 7963c,p.323) and from Florida, reared from stems of Flat;eria linearis, agiee exactly rvith a paratyPe of splendida from Hawaii. I have recently also seen ipecimens from Santa Paula, Calif., reated from Heliantbzs stems. M. hiterothecae Spencer (1966d, p. 9) was described primarily on the basis of the very distinctiveiurstyli (1966d, fig. 31), bearing three conspicuous spines at the end. The additional material I have now been able to examine from Canada sarisfies me that the long spines on the surstyli are a characteristic feature of the ffue AireTts. Three, hoivener, is not a specific number as I incorrectly assumed; there mav be up to six,',vith some possiblv partially fused. A further illustration of the suistyli ii given in Fig. 1 15, w-hich shows the lower section of the epandrium in side view. dfurther c6nsistent character of airens is the large, curving spine at the lower, outel corner of the epandrium. I have confirmed that this is present in all specimens I have been able to examine, though it is smaller in those from Florida than in Canadian specimens. M.',u-iretts has been retorded in North America from a rvide range of hosts (X[alloch 1913a,p.321). N,Iost of these records may refer to splendida, which is knou'n as a polfphagous species in Hawaii. I suspect that tplendida is a more southern tp.ii"t and-does ttot o..ot in Canada. A further species from Alaska, which can only be positivelv separated from splendida and aireus by the male genitalia, is described earlier in this Paper as alaskae sp. n. N{erEnrar, Exer.tIN l;o. British Columbia: Lakelse Bog, nr. Tertace, 1 6 ,I+ June i960 (J.G.C.); N{ission City, 1 9, 29 June 1953 (E.X'{.). Ontario: Ottarva, 3 ? ?, 29 l{ay and 12 June 1946 (G'E.S'); 1 6 ' 11 June 1947 (G.S.\,V.); 2 6 6, 25 IIay i958 (J.R.V.); X'{armora, 7 6, 30 April 1952 (J.F.N'lcA.); Normandale, 1 6, 20 i\{ay 1956 (J.R.V.). Quebec: Roundtop X,/tt., 1300ft, Sutton, 16,5 June 1963 (J.R.V.)'

Melanagromyza sp, ( Steyskal ) (Fig.116) Aour.r. Large species, wing length up to 3.5 mm; frons broad, twice rvidth of eye' not proiccring; jorvls % io ,l eye hcight; I or 4 ori, orbital setulae short, in 2 rorvs, inner row proclinatJ, ro\r'nearest eye margin reclir-rate; eye in maie rvidi slight pilositv abovc; mesonotlrm greenish blue, mar viewed fro-m front, abdomen mor:e shining, bluish; s

Merpnrar- Exeurxno. Ontario: Ottawa, 4 6 6 ,6 ? 9, and 16 further exx., em. 20-22 Aptil 1961 ftom stem of Althnea rosea (J.R.Y.); 2 a d, 1 9, and 6 further exx.' 13-17 June 1954, ex leaves of hollyhocti 11.f.U.,f.); Osgoode, 19, 18 June 1964 (J'R'V'); Windsor, 2 6 6 , i g, stems of A. rosea, 23 May 1946 and 23 May 1918 (s.D.H.). "t Quehec: Mt. St. Hilaire, I 6, 3 June 1964 (J.R.V.). Gnxus Hexomyza Enderlein Hexomyza Enderlein, 7936a,p. 182. Type of genus: Melanagromyzd sarothdmni Hendel, 1923b, in Vienna. Externally the species of this small genus ale not_distinguishable from Melanu- gromyz4 rnd ltt kndwn species were inilud ed in Melanagrbmyza.both by Hendel jptr-:o; and Frick (l'952, 1g5g). Frick (1952, p. 376-) reiected..the genus Hr*o*yrn but it was r.surrect.d with amended co_niepts for the small group, of gall-caJsing species by Spencer (tg66b,.p. ls). The larvae form an oval gail in ihe twig .6rt." and the idults have distinctive genitalia. Two species are now known in canada but it seems probable that a third species, H.'simpticoides (Hd.), forming galls on Sallr sp.p., which the author con- fi'rmed in the United Siates.' will alsJ in due course be discovered in Canada' These three species can be identified as follows: I Costa extending strongly to vein m,*,; lunule not enlarged; gall-causer on PoPulus -... schineri (Giraud) SPP. ) - Costa normally ending at vein rn*u; gall-causer on Sallr spp' 2 Veins dark, wings normal simplicoides (Hendel) - Veins coloriess, wings conspicuously white albicula sp. n.

Hexomyza albiat'la sP. n. (Figs.117-119) proje-cting above FIBen. Frons exceptionally broad, twice width of _eye, _conspicuously p..ti.nl"tly above,'Iess so'anteriorly.; ocellar triangle'.only rveakly defined; 2 equal.ors, .fiort'"nd"y", slender, 2 ori, the opp". .q.r"l to the ors, the lower weaker; .orbital setulae long belorv. uprisSr. slrorrer at level'if ors'and there reclinate; jowls deepest in centre, almost % t"r,ilrf ire;[nt'of eye, cheeks forming conspicuo.us.ring below eye, vibrissa_weak-l eye small, bare; third"an,.n.r"i r.grn..rr small, r"ound, iargely bare, arista short, scarcely pubescent' MrsoNorur.r. Two dc, relatively weak, act sparse, in some 8 rows' WrNc. Length in male 2 mm, in female 2.7 mm; costa ending immediately beyond apex of vein r1+si lasr iection of m. sligirtly longer than penultimate, 6ist cross-vein well beyond midpoint of discal cell. Coron. Frons dark brorvn, ocellar triangle and orbits black, only slightly shining; mesonotum weakly shining, abdbmen -or. ,5, both entirely black; wings conspicuously pale, ,,vhitish, veins r"*" andln*, very pale brown, others entirely white; squamae gray' margrns Llack, fringe slightly paler, biownisli ochrous but essentially dark' MarB GtNrrerte. Aedeagus as in Figs. 117' 118. Hosr-prexr,/Brorocv. Larva forming trvig-gall on Salix sP.' Pu.Parium.gray' posrerior spiracles in form of 2 short, tt"out ptoiections (Fig' ll9), which are laloiningr'nd lr.gelv fused. presumablv each with 3 minute bulbs (although these are not'Iisible in-the only iloiiltbl. specimen). Tvpos. Holotvpe a Ontario, Ottawa, 7 April glll--on Salir sp' , -1948-,- "*. (G.E.S.); p.t"typ.i 19, Dryden, 12-13 June 1960 (L'A'K? A'G'.W'), borh in CNC, No.'l03ii. I have also seen galls on Salix sp. at Red Deer, AIta., 12 June 1966, which are probably referable to this sPecies.

~~\.... :ji...... ::i:2,~~

~~117~~

a),- 121 ,,ta',,,./ 122 _ Frcs. 117-119, Herontl,za albicula: 117, aedeagus, side vierv; 118, same, dorsal vieu'; 179, posterior spiracles of pupariun. Frcs. 120-122, H. schitteri: 120, aedeagus, side viov; t2t, sanre, r-entral vierv; 122, posterior spiracles of puparium.

Dr-qcxosrs. The distinctir.'e charactcrs of this species are the pale, white \\'ings and colorless vcins, r,vhich are ider-rtical in the nvo tvpe specimens. Thc acdeagus sho\\-s only very slight diffcrences from that of M. sirnplicoides Hendel. dcscribed from Europe bur also knorvn from New Yorl< and Ohio, and also from the Kirghiz Republic in the U.S.S.R. The puparium is more distinctly qrar' (r'cllou,in sirnplicoides) and the 2 postcrior spiracular processes are adjoining (scparatcd and diverging in simplicoides). The holotvue of H. salicls (I'lalloch) is stated to be "from rvillou'." It h:rs in the past lreen assumed that this u'as a -rearcd specimen but it no'rv seems that this ri'ai probablv not thc case. If it had becn ieared from a sall. this rvould sureh' l'raoc bcen mcntioned. In anv cese no gall or puparium ii prescrved. It secms more proballle that the specimen s'as merelY caught on u'illou'. The rvings ctf silicis are now nrissing (Sheu'ell 1953, p. 46.1) but it seems inconceivable, if the r- r'e re conspicuouslv pale as in albiuilt that l,lalloch rvould not have recordcd rhis, encl his illustretion (,\lalloch 1913a, fiq. 15) clearh. sl'rorvs all veins as dark ar-rd fr.rllv clci..eloped. It is nori' felt rhai-thc status of salicis, particularlr- in rciation t

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv compariso,l -,,n 0.'.;;.]r::.:;;#:ffil pticoides , n.:: nor seen the type of salicis but I have seen sketches of';;^,,- the genitalia kindly prepared by N'Ir. G. Steyskal. Although at the time I r'vas satisfied that the aedeagus as sketchcd uras distinct from sitnplicoides and represented cecidogena, I notv find that the skerches give insufficient dctail, in vieu' of the similarity of the genitalia in these species, to be certain on this point. It seems possible or even probable that salicis rcpresents simplicoid.es, .rather than the European spccies cecidogettu. The possible svnonymv of siwplicoides rvith sallcls must unfortunately be left in abeyince for the time bcing, as it is not possible for me to eramine the holotype of iaticis in Washington an-d loans of tvpe material are not made by the United Statcs National i\Iuscum. Horvever. it does seem correct to revive the name cecidogettu for the second species on Salix occurring in Europe.

Hexomyza schineri (Giraud) (Figs. 12G-122) Agromyzn schineri Giraud, 1861, p.48't. LectotyPe 4 in Vienna. Melandgrotnyzn scltirterl, Hcndel, 1920, p. 128; 1931-36, p. 174. Hexontyza schineri, Spencer, 1966b, p. 42. Arulr. Wing length 2.7-3.1 mm, costa cxtending strongly to-r-ein mr,", last section of m* about % penutiimatc; head as rn H. salicis; normally 2 pairs of dc but frequcntly third pair also found; prsc lacking but last pair of acr may resemble prsc. I'Lrl-n Gnxrr.qr-re. Acdeagus as in Figs. 120, 121, basiphallus r.vith 2 distinct, rvideiy .t;r:Fr6ind 4rnrc *"' b-^'b *"""' L.rnva. Posterior spiraclcs in form of 2 short, stout projcctions, erch *'ith 3 bulbs (Fig.122); pupariurn grivish broun, rvith conspicuous scar bands at scgmcnt borders. Hosr-pr'rNr/Brorocv. Poptthts spp.i the larva forms trvig-galls which are some'uvhat larger and more sphcrical than those of sdlicis. Drs'rnlsulrox. Alberta, British Columbia, I'lanitoba, Nerv Brunsu'ick, Ontario; \,V. Europe; N. America. I{eranrer ExA}rrNED. Alfrerta: Edmonton,30 June 1966, galls onPopulus trenttiloides, already emPty (K.A.S.).

Manitoba: Ninette, I a, 13 nlay 1958, exP. trentuloides (J.F.i\''tcA.). Ontario: Ottawa, 7?,29 i\Iarch 1957, ex P. trenniloides (G.L.); Sydnev Field Station,8 exr., 15 n,larch 1952, er galls on samc host (J.E.H.IL); X{arriora, 16, 22 April 7949, ex nvig gall on aspen (G.H.H.).

~~Gnxus 0phiomyia Braschnikov Agrontyzo Fa1l6n, sub-genus Ophictwyia Braschnil~~

(misidentifie d as ptilicarilr . wctrtrl I{eigen '\{eigen) Ophiomyia Braschnikov, Hendel, 1920, p. 12ti. In this genrrs the larvac feed predominantlv as exterual stem-miners, PuPeting at the end of the mine, but a nr-rmbcr of species are leaf-miners, such as O.liltilrrct) O. solatt|,-ora Spencer, 79(t7d lIle.lagesi'ar and S. Africa), and O. goodenide Spcncer 1963d (Australia). Ophiowyia stcm-mincs are inconspicuous and the spccies are difficult to iclentifv. It is larqclr- due to the outstanding collecting bv Bulrr in Europe that Hering u'as able to describe nllnrerous species, based on matcrial reared from knorvn hosts. I,'{ore rccentlv genitalia srudies have provided

the o1ly reliable means of separating the many similar and closely related species. The European species have been revised by Spencer Q96aa). Three characteristic features of this gelrus are the strong vibrissal fasciculus in the male, the pronounced keel separatinf the base of the anlennae and the black halteres. Althoua'h recent studies have shown that none of these characters is constant in all sfecies throughout the world, the characteristic male genitalia reliably indicate generic afiliations in doubtful cases (cf. pulicaria Mg., pulicarioides Sehgal). Trventy-six species are now recorded in Canada, of which 18 are described as new and 5 are Holarctic. The host-plant is known for only 6 species.

Kov ro CaNerreN Ophiornyia Sprcrrs 1 Distinct, raised keel separating antennae or male r,vith vibrissal fasciculus 5 No keel p-resent, vibrissa normal; aedeagus tvpical of the genus z 2 Costa ending at vein r*r, . . simplex (Loew) Costa extending to vein m,*, 3 Peristomal hairs long, conspicuous, vibrissa distinctive, with characteristrc curvature at end (Fig. 132) . . .. decinta sp. n. Margin of jowls and vibrissa normal 4 + Aedeagus as in Fig. 15+ . . . pulicaria (Mg.) Aideagus as in Fig. 155 . .. .. pulicarioides Sehgal 5 Orbital setulae proclinate, upper orsi:" lllstles lacking male; tr."t"xiilroitfr..ii

almost spherical; 3 pairs of dc . . ln Orbital setulae reclinate Squamal fringe white; costa cnding at vein r,*,, male without vibrissal fasciculus 7 Squanrrl fringe black; costa continuing strongly to vcin rrrr.:, male with -fi;;;;;fasciculus 8 ? pale, whitish grr1,, -rrg;r, ,.r...lf darker fa.ia, u"", nT;;;rnsis sp. n. - Squarnae darker gray, margin black; facial keel broad . Tnonticold Sehgal 8 Vibrissal angle acute, at most 60' . 9 Vibrissal ansle between 70' and 90" I9 9 Jowls deep, 'l to % vertical height of eye 10 Jowls narrower,'/,0 to % vertical e)'e height . 13 10 Lower orbits conspicuously projecting above eye in profile ...... praecisnsp.n. - Orbits not proiecting ...... 1l l1 Vibrissal fasciculus conspicuously short, blunt (Fig. 130) cotziceps (Malloch)

Vibrissal fasciculus longer ...... 12 i Jowls ii eve height; aedcagus as in Figs. 157, 158 qudrtd sP. n. Jowls '/+ o'e hcight; aedeagus as in Figs. 135, 136 duodecirna sp. n. l) Facial keel flat between base of antennae, raised but narrow below; aedeagus as in Fig. 173 . tertld sP. n. - Facial keei broader, more raised betu'ecn antennae 1+ H Small specics, u'ing length up to 2.2 mm ...... 15 Larger spccies, rv'ing length 2.5 n.rm; acdeagus as in Fig. 161 secunda sp. n. 15 n{csonotum mat, gravish blacl<; aedeagus as in Fig. 159 quinta sp. n.

Mcsonotum more shining black . 16 t6 Squamal fringe pale, brownish ochrous, last and penoltim"te sections of mr*o equal; aedeagus as in Figs. 174, 175 . .. .. mdecimt sp. n. - Squamal fringe black . .. .. t7 17 Facial keel broad; aedeagus as in Figs. 147, 148 . . non6 sP. n. - l:a.'ial kecl narrow . .. . . 18 18 Aedeagus as in Figs. 1l+, l2t IsteroLtord sP. fl, - Aedeagus as in Figs. 162, 163 . . septt7ll.ct sP. n.

2l A{csonotum rnai gravisl-r; aedeagus as in t'igs. 1]7, 178 .... 't:.:dbaurunensis sp. n. A.Iesonoturrr morc shining-bhck; acdeagus as in Fig. 151 prmld sP' n' - - (Mg') 25 Aedeagus as in Fig. 112 zttdura. _ Acdcalus as in Fig. 138 . . . . . kingwterensls sp. n.

Ophiomyia dsteroaora sP. rr. rFigs. 123-126) Hr.rn. conspicuouslv procluced in front (Fig. 1zl), forming-angle of 45" r'ibr.issal Jorvls -."tt -kecl raised, fasciculus sl-rort, slcndcr-, ingi chceks of medium- rviclth; f acial distinctly nerro\\'. \ ithout ccntral furrov, n,IrsoNorulr. Acr in 6 roq's. \l'txc. Lcngth 1.9-2'1 mn, last section of vcin mr*, % length of penulrimate' Cor.on. Iirons mat black, ncsonoturn distinctlv shining, squamac darl< gray, rnargin and fringe black. XI^LE GENIrAu.,r. Aedeagus asYnrnletrical, as in Figs. l2+' 125' Hosr'-prexrr/Btorocv. Aster sngittif olizts,lan'a forming mainlv.uPPer surface lerf-nrine lrut which apperrs dividc.l inro scprrrtc scctions. u'hen thc larva feeds jntcrmittcntly on rhe 'lnr,'er surfacel frrss somcrvhnr diffuscd. forming hlackish sPiracles on sholt raised strllis r.l-pical of ccntrxl banct; puparion in leaf, -ofposteriol thc gcnus, eacir ii'ith an ellipse 7 or ti bulbs; lan,al mouth-Parts as in Fig. 126. Typl:s. Holofi,pe 6, Ontario, Pclee, em.22 Julv er leef-mines, lcg. 16 July t967 onAster stgitiifotitts (I{.A.S.); 19 paratvpe, same data, in CNC, No. 10174. Dr.qc;xosrs. The distincrir.e features of this species arc the acute angle of the forwardll-produced jou.ls and the narrou' cheeks; the male genitalia are entirely distinct. O. ustero,,-or,r is readily distinguishable fron.r O. ruarLra,lvhich is elso alefi- nrirrer on Aster, bv the shapc of tlie jori.ls r-hich inmatrru form an angle of 80o. The broad, brolren lcaf-mine of ttre nerv spccics cannot bc confused u'ith the long, 11arro\\', r.vinding n.rine of ln(ufft.

Ophiomyia banffensis sp. n. (Figs. 127-129) Hl,ru. Flons slightlv u.iclcr than evc, not projccting above eve in profilc;.2 equal ors, jorvls dccpest in 2 slightlv r.,.calrer oriiorbital sctulae slight, s;,aric, te.linitc. in singlc -roii'; froni 1liig. Iz7), * vcrtical hciglit of Cve, cheel

~~124 123~~

~~126 ,--''.. 125 ;,'.t:ai..\\ ---:. l,'i:/ '\ . l 'it.i.'~~

~~127~~

~~4\{:- \\ i*{*,. ,,.' ') ;b"'._t 131~~

Frcs. 123-126, Ophiomyiu asterotorai 123, hcad;124, aedeagus, side vier.v;125, same,'r'entral vielv; 126, larval mouth-parts. Fics. 127-129, O. banffensis: 727, head; 128, aedeagus, side view; 129, same, ventral view. Frcs. 130-131, O. coniceps: 130, head; 131, aedeagus, side view.

Ophiomyia coniceps (Malloch) (Figs. 130' 131) Agrornyza coniceps Malloch, l9l5a, p' 107. Holotype e in USNN{' Ophiomyia coniceps) Frick, 1952, p. 382; 1959, p. 369. AruLT. Wing length 2-2.2 mm, scctions of vein_ m.*n- equall iowls deeply .extended forwards (Fig. f3Oj, foriring angle of Iess than 45', vibrissal fasciculus in malc fused at base' but individua"l bristies visibie aiically, length somervhat variable but normally.short; facial keel with distinct furrow rtro"detatciy bulbous at base of antcnnae, relatively narrow throughout; mesonotum and"bou", abdomen shining black. N,Iern GENrrelre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 131. Hosr-pr-exr/Brorocv. Stem-miner in Sottchtts asper. DrsrRrsurroN. British Columbia, N,lanitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan; widespread in U.S.A. Reuenrs. Although the female holotype is no_rv headless, the head rvas illustrated by Malioch (tOtla,fig. tZ). Friik- (1959, fig.48) illustrated the head of a male *hi.h I am satisfied correctlv rePresents Nlalloch's sPecies' Ni[emnr,q.r, ExeurNco. British Columbia: Robson, | 6 ,22 June 1947 (H.R.F.)' Manitoba: Ninette, 1 6, 1 ? ,71-72 June 1958 (J.F.N{cA.). Ontario: Grand Bend, i 6, 19, 15 and 21 July 1939 (G.E.S.); Marmora, 16, 29 June 1952 (J.C.M.). Quebec: Harrington L., Gatineau Park, 1 9, 22 June 1954 (H'J.H.). Saskatchewan: Saskatoon, I ?, 30 May 192+ (K.N{.K.).

Ophiomryia clecint'u sP. n. (Figs. 132, 133) HE.ro. Frons broad. almost tu ice u idth of eye. not significanrly proiccting abovc eye in profilc; ocellar triangle broad llut apex n()t extending to lerel of lo\vcr ors. lunulc large' ,"-i.ir..ri"r,4 equal orfiital bristles, orbital setulae reclinite, somewhat irregular; iowls deepest

~~\ --=lt ,l/ lt.~~

~~132~~

134 J 137 FIcs. 132-133, Ophiontyia decima: 132, head; 133, aedeagus, side vie-'v. Frcs. 13'l-136, O. duodecintd: 13,1, head; 135, aedeagus, side vicr'; 136, same, dorsal vierv. Fics. 137-138, O. kingsmerensis: 137, head; 138, aedeagus, side vicw.

in ccnrre, % vertical e1-e height, peristomal hairs conspicuously rvell developed in front, male u'ithout vibrissal fasciculus but vibrissa strong, rvith distinctive curvature at end (Fig. 132); antennae dir,ided by lorv, narrorv keel. i\'{Esoxorr-'r'r. Tr.vo normal, strong dc, rvith additional very small third and fourth immecliately beyond second, only slightly stronger than acr. Wrxc. Length 2.4 mm, lasr section of mr*o % penultimatc, first cross-vein i.vell beyond midpoint of discal cell. Lncs. Nlid-tibia rvith 3 distinct but short latcral bristles.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv coron. ocer,. ,';;"";, H,?.."ffiil, ::':,"- ,,'d ,bdo-..' .ol spicuously shining black; squamae dark gray, margin and fringe black. Nlern Grxrrer.ra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 133. Hororvpo 6, Alberta, Cypress Hills, 25 June 1966 (K,A,S.), in author's collection. Dracxosrs. This is a somewhat aberrant species. It is close to the O. pulicmia group in lacking a vibrissal fasciculus in the male and the facial keel is only slightly developed.oeveloPed. TheIhe row of strong hairsnalrs along thetne marginmargln ofoI thetne Jowlsjorvls isls Partl(particularly distinctive. The male genitalia confirm the isolated position of the species.

Ophionyia duod,ecima sp, n. (Figs. 13+136) Hre.o (Fig. 134). Jorvls d,eep, % r.erticai height of eye, forming angle of about 45'in front, r,ibrissal fasciculus slender, tapering; cheeks broad, /t depth of jor.vls; facial keel, broad, distinctly raised, u'ithout furrory. WrNc. Length 2.3 mm, Iast section of vein m.** slightly shorter than penultirnate, in ratio 19:23. Coron. Frons brorvnish black, ocellar triangle and orbits scarcely shining; mesonotum weakly shining, grayish black; squamae pale gray, margin and fringe black. A{er.e GnNrrer-ra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 135, 136, distiphallus asymmctrical, unusually broad. Tvpns. Holotype 6, Quebec, Knowlton, Bolton Pass, 800 ft, 5 June 1963; paratype: I 9, same data (both J.R.V.), in CNC, No. 10376. Drecxosts. This species has relatively broad jowls, an acute vibrissal angle and broad facial keel. It is extremely close to O. qu.arta but the male genitalia are entirely distinct. Ophionyia kingsmerensis sp. n. (Figs. 137, 138)

Fleeo. Jor.vls narrow, % vertical eve height, forming an angle of some 80" in front, vibrissal fasciculus strong, only slightly tapering at end, scarcely curving (Fig. 137); facial keel conspicuously raised at base of antennae, moderately broad, rvith distinct furrow above. WiNc. Length 2 mm, last and penultimate sections of mo equal. Cor-on. Frons sooty-black, ocellar triangle and orbits only rveakly shining. Mar-B GnNrrerre. Aedeagus distinctir-e, as in Fig. 138. Hororvpn d, Quebec, Kingsmere, 16 May 1958 (J.G.C.), in CNC, No. 10177. Drecxosrs. This species belongs to the lnctlfft! group. It is extremely close to mdurd) with a similar vibrissal fasciculus, r,vhich is only slightly less curving, the jowls are slightly narrower and the facial keel entirely similar. The aedeagus is aberrant, somewhat resembling that of O. aquileginzza Lundquist (cf. Spencer 1964a, fig. 7), a stem-miner on Aqttilegia ralgaris L. and Thalictrurn fl.uuwn L. in Europe.

O phiorny ia labiatar um, Hering (Figs.139-141) Ophiomyia ldbidtarum Hering, 1937, p.509; Spencer, 1964a, p. 793. Lectotype 6, designated by Spencer (1964a), in Berlin. Aour-r. Frons 1% times rvidth of eye, not projecting aboye cve in profilc;4 orbital bristles, the 2 ori equal in length to ors but more slender; orbital setulae in single rorv, reclinate; jowls /: r'ertical height of eye, forming angle of 70'-80', male u'ith long vibrissal fasciculus (Fig. 139); facial keel only slightlv raised, narrorv, u'ith well-developed furror.v from margin of lunule to belorv base of antennae. Wing length 2.4 mm, costa extending to vcin

~~-\,~~

~~. -. att,..\ -:-;--.:11=\~~

~~140~~

~~139~~

~~142~~

~~,-. a'.-.-_ ,/-=-..=.:.g..-...l.]..;.~~

~~.-*- ..-f,, 143 ' .-,'2 ,/j "--f --'/~~

~~145~~

~~{ ,^ . \= ., ^r' \ \.J 147~~

~~146~~

Ophiontyiu rnaurn ( Meigen ) (Fig. 1+2) Agrontl,zcr rndril'fl r\'[eigen, 1838, p' 399' No tyPes extant. O:phiornyict TTtaILrfll Henclel, 192C, p. 129;1931-36, p.188-189; Frick, 1959, p' 370; Sasakarva, 1961, p. 358; Spencer, 1961a, P. 795. Ophiornyit asteris Kuroda, tlS+, p. SZ. Holotvpe 9 in Biological Laboratory, Yazu High School, Tottori Pref., Japan. Anur.'r. Wing length 1.9-2.5 ml]l, cosra extcnding_ to vein m,-r, last and pcnultim_atc sections of m. noinally: eclual, but distinctly I'ariable iI ha.'e seen one n.rale rvit1r the last frons timcs. rvidth of scctierr lor-rgci, in raticl 2l tt't 16 u.itl-r penultirnatc) ; ,1 '/: -evc-; ]orvls narro\\'! bciuccl rrt ancl lr,s r,ertical heigirt of evc, not greatlr-,projecting fonvards, forming ribrissai angle of atrout 80"; vibrissal f"asciculus in r-nale broatl at base [rut short and rvit]r rcgular..,ri'"t.rr.; facial kcel broad, distinctly raised, rvith slight central furrow abovc, entirclv grav (not shining blac'l<). (1964o, A{,qr.o Grsrr,rr.ra. Acdeagus as in Fig. 142; also illustratcd b-v Spenccr figs. 54' 55). Hosr-prlxl/Brorocr. Aster spp., Solidctgo sPP., lana forming long, narrolt', frass in black u'incling, grecnish linear mine, u'ith- -large,.r.l'idely-spaced ]Y*Ptt pupati; t'akes place on undersidc of leaf at end of minc; PuParium eithernvhitc or completely black. Drsrnruurrox. Alberta, X'lanitoba, Ontario, Quebcc; U.S'A.; Europe; Japan'

Frcs. 119-1.11, Ophiotnyia labiatanmt: 139, hcad; 1'10, aedcagus' sicle vicrv; 141, same, vcntral vierv. Frc. 1+2, O. tttrntra'. a,edeagus. Frcs. 143-1+5, O. zttottticola: 143, head; 1,1'1, aedeagus, sicle r-ierv; 1.15, sanc, ventral r'ierv. FIc. 1+6, O. nt:tsuttti aedeagts. Frcs. 147-148, O. nona: 1'17, aedeagus, side r,icr.v; 148, same, vcntral vieu'.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOI{OLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA RBlranns. This is a common species, which no doubt occurs throughout Canada. It belongs to a group in whiih the adults are not readily distinguishable; by Spencer Five five such species ii Eurofe u'ire difierentiated -(1961a,_p.780). species *'hi.h can be placed in this grouP are now recorded in Canada, namely iirrgr*rrrr',ris, shiloenis, T;sabatnuneriis, pVirntt, and octaaa. If there is no association r,vith the host-plant, a certain identification will normally only be possible after examination oi the male genitalia. Frost (1924,p.41) briefl"y discusses this species, as Agrormyza urttipilpis Zett., the food-plant being recorded as Solidago, and further discusses' as vaf. texdntr X4alloch,'a form reitricted to Aster spp. u'ith a different arrangement of frass in the leaf-mine. Nlalloch (1913a, p. lil) described A. texuna from a male reared f rom Roripa sp. (Cruciferae) in Texas. This species is certainly_in_ n_! .rval associated r.vith O. maltrd) rvhich feeds indiscriminatelV on Aster and Solidago' The reference by Frost to a variety of tmaura (as curaipalpis), in which the puparium also remains in the mine but '"vith "little or no visible frass" does suggest' ho*.u.r, that there is possibly a second species occurring on these hosts. I,[erlnrer, ExalrINl;u. Alberta:.Edmonton, Univ. Campus, 1 6, 16 Julv 1966, ex leaf-mine on Aster sp., leg. 4 July (K.A.S.); Banff, Johnsion Canyon, 4700 ft,1 A , 18 July 1962 (K.C.H.); Wabamun L., 1 6, 2 July 1966 (K'A'S.). Manitoba: 2 mi W. of Stockton, | 6 , 26 May 1958 (J.F.A'{cA')' Ontario: Toronto, Rosedale, empty leaf-mines on Solidago caesin, 11 Oct. 1965 (K.A.s.). Quebec: Old Chelsea, 1d, l0 X{av 1962 (J.F'McA.); Harrington L', Gatineau Park, r d, 7 June 1954 (W.R.R.); Lac i\4ondor, Ste' Flore, | 6, 2l N{av 1951 (E.G.M.); Kingsmere, 16, 16 I'Iav 1955 (J.G.C'), Wakefield, | 6,9 July 1946 (G.E.S.); Harrington L., Gatineau Park, 16, 3i NIav 1951 (E.E'S')'

0phionyia monticola Sehgal (Figs' 143-145) OphiontyiawoTtticold Sehgal, 1968, p. 60' Holotype 3 in CNC' Hoar. Frons br:oad, almost ts,ice rvidrh of eye, conspicuouslv pro]ecting above eve in equal; orbital sparse' only profite; 2 ors and 2 (occasionall,v 3) ori, all approximatcly .setulae ti"gle hair proclinate;.]owls distinctly prolecting i or O hairs, mainly reclinate, so-etirrl", " fonr.ards (Fig. 1a3), forming angle of about 60" male r.vith single slender vibrissa, rvithout fasciculus; r.ri.rrnr" divided-b" 6toad, flat keel, wittr distinct furror'v above; third antennal segment small, arista thickened at base, 6ne, bare beyond. Mnsoxoruu. Two strong normal dc, smaller third and even fourth frequently Present' tl'resc irreguiar both in size and position. Wrx1. L"ngth from 2.1 mm in male to 2.7 in fcmale; costa ending immediatclv beyond apex of ,ein rr-.,"last section of m3,, longer than penultimate, normaily in ratio 25:20' first cioss-vein slightlv bet'ond r-rridpoint of discal cell. Ltcs. nlid-tibiae u'ithout latcral bristles. Coron. Occllar triar-rgle, orbits and chcel

Rnrr,rnrs. This species clearly belongs in the genus Oplsiomyia, as indicated by the broad facial keel and forwardlv-pr6jecting iorvls. It.belongs_to the small fasciculus. Lt applirs group in rvhich the male iacks the characteristic vibrissal 1o 6e the sister-species of O. bunffensis (.f.P.83) but is larger and is immediately distinguishable by the darker squamae. In both these species the costa ends at vein i... The malc genitalia of the tu'o species are of the same general form, departing somewhat fiom that of typical Ophiomyia species. I,I.qrnntAr ExRNrrN Eu. Alaska: Big Delta, 1 6 , 10 June 1951 (.J.R.McG.) ;l ? ,27 N{ay 1951 (\V.R.M.N{.)' Alberta: Jasper, 1 d, 19 June 1966 (K.A.S.); Banff, 2 6 6,3 ? 9, 28 June 1966 (K.A.S.);2 6 1), 1?, 8 and29 June 7922 (C.B.D.G.). British Columbia: Atlin,2200 ft,7 6, i2 June 1955 (B.A.G'); 1q, 14 July 1955 (H.J.H.);32 mi W. of Terrace, 1 9, 11 June 1960 (G.E.S'). Manitoba: N{ile 505, Hudson Bay Rwy., 1d, 19 ,29 June 1952 (J.G.C.). Yukon Terr.: Firth R., British Nrlts., 19,25 July 1956 (R.E.L.).

Ophiom.yia nasutd (Melander) (Fig. 1a6) Agrotnyza rndurtt var. ?ldsLrtd N4elander, 1913, p' 260' Lectotype 6, designated by Frick, 1957, p. 201, in USNI{. Agrowyza you.ngi N'lalloch, 1914. p. 312. Aphiowyia waf,izina Hendel, 1920, p. 130. Tylowyza madizina Hendel, 1931-36, p. 185 (as sub-genus)' Tylomyza madizina, Frey, 1941, p. 19; Frick, 1959,p' 372. Siridomyza rnadizina, Enderlein, 1936a, p. 179. Ophiomyit ndsLtt&) Spencer, 1964a, p. 798. Anur-r. Wing length 2-2.3 mm, costa extending to vein m.*r, fitst cross-vein at anterior third of discal cell; male s'ithout vibrissai fasciculus, facial keel conspicuously bulbous, almost spherical; upper orbital bristles lacking in male; orbital setulae long, proclinate, sparse in femalc; strong third dc normally Present. MarB Gomrrerr,r. Aedeagus typical of the genus, as in Fig. 146' Hosr-pr-qNr/Brorocv. Reported bv Frick (1959, p. 372) as Taraxacuml whether larvae live in leaf-base ol' stem is not established. DrsrnrnurroN. Widespread in Canada; central and northern Europe; U.S.A.; Japan. Rnuenr

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 92 MEMoIRS oF THE ENTox{oLocIl 8 d d, 1 9, 11 June 1966; Sundance (Wabamun 1,.), 1?, 1-3 July 1966 (all K.A.S.); 16 further exx. British Columbia: 34 exx. Manitoba: Ninette, | 6, 17 May 1958, 2I Q, 3 and 12 June 1950 (J.F.McA.). Northwest Terr.: Fort NlcPherson, 1 6, 2 ? ?, 8-10 July 1957 (R.H.)' Ontario: 38 exx.; Ottawa, 2 ? g ,17 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Quebec: 7 exx. Yukon Terr.: Dawson, | ?,l4 June 1949 (W..W.J.).

Ophiornyia nona sp. n. (Figs. 147, 1'18) 1/, Haeo. Jowls narrow, r,ertical height of eve, distinctiy produced in front,-forming vibrissal angle of about 45', cheeks well defined below tyel vibrissal fasciculus slen_der, very short; facial keel broad, with low furrow in upper half, conspicuously raised, bulbous immediatelv below base of antennae. Wrxc. Length 2 mm, Iast section of vein mr* substantially shorter than penultimate, in tatto 16: tt. Coron. Ocellar triangle and orbits distinctly shining black, mesonotum only moderately shining. A{lle GBNIrar.ra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 1+7, 118, asymmetrical' Hororvpo d, Alberta, Elkwater, 10 June 1956 (O.P.), in CNC' No. 10378. DrqcNosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the acute vibrissal angle, very short fasciculus, and unusuallv bulbous facial keel'

~~Ophiomyia octaad sP. n. (Figs. 149, 150)~~

broad, % FIBeo. Frons projecting as lrerv narrow ring above eye, lorvls -relativelV vertical height of ey.e, forming angle of about 80' in front; vibrissal fasciculus long, r-egularly tapcring, and curving; facial keel extremely na.rrow, scarcely raised, without central furrow. WrNc. Length 2.2 mm, last section of m,** only slightly shorter than penultimate, in ratio 18:22. Coron. Ocellar triangle and orbits very rveakly shining, mcsonotum moderately shining black; squamae gray, margin black, fringe somervhat paler brownish. A,{arB GaNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 1'+9, 1t0. Hororvpp d, Ontario, N4idland, 30 July 195+ (J'G.C.), in CNC, No' 10379. Dr'rcNosrs. The significant characters of this species are the relatively obtuse angle at the vibrissal corner, the low, very narrow facial keel and the -rather Pale, brownisl-r squamal fringe. This character serves to separate octaacL from the other speciei in the mdurd-grotJp. The aedeagus is entirely distinctive.

Ophiomyia praecisa sp. n. (Figs. 151, 152) Hreo. Four orbital brisdes, orbits stronglv prolecting above eye in profile in lorver half, commencing slightly above upper ori; orbital setulae sparse, reclinate; jorvls conspicuouslv extended in front, forming angle of 45', very deep, % vertical eyc height in centre; cheeks decply extended below eye; vibrissal fasciculus broad at base, incompletely fused (Fig. 151); facial keel narrow but high, with slight furrorv above. A{BsoNorur,r. Three dc in male. female normal with 2.

Wrxc. Length 2.6-2J mm, last section of vein mr* distinctly shorter than penultimate, Cor.on. Frons sooty-black, ocellar triangle and orbits distinctly, though not brilliantly, shining; mesonotum conspicuously shining black; squamae dark gray, margin and fringe black. Mar-o GrNrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 152, relatively long, svmmetrical. Tvpps. Holotype 6, Alberta, 13 mi N. of Banff, Banff-Jasper Hwy', 4500 ft,26 July 1955 (R.C.);paratype: Elkwater, l?,21June 1956 (O.P.), both in CNC, No. 10380. Drecr-osrs. This species is immediatelv recognisable by the unusually deep jowls, acute vibrissal angle, and projecring orbits. Other distinctive characters are the large size and high, narrow facial keel.

Ophiomy,ia prima sp. n. (rrg. r)r/ t/u Hreo. Closely resembling tl-rat of O. kingsrnerensls (cf. Fig. 137), ]orvls vertical eye height, not greatly'projecting foru,'ards, forming angle of 80", r'ibrissal fasciculus_ long, dis- tinCtly curving faciaf keel low, narrorv, somewhat rvidening belor,v base of antennae, without central "tfurrow. "t-td; WiNc. Length 2.2 mm, last section of mn % penultimate. Cor.on. Frons sooty-black, ocellar triangle and orbits moderatcly shining; mesonotum and abdomen shining black; squamae gray, fringe black. N{aro Gaxrrer.re. Aedeagus distinctive, as in Fig. 153. Horornpe 6, Alberta, Elk Is. Park.7 June 1966 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. Dtecxosrs. This species belongs to the TildLtrd-grouP' It is very close to O. "oabatnunensis in having a very similar low, narrow facial keel but is distinguishable by the more shining black mesonotum. The curvature of the vibrissal fasiiculus is also Possibllr mor6 pronounced to'wards the end. The aedeagus is entirely distinctive. Ophiomyia pulicaria (Meigen ) (Fig. 1sa) Agromyza pulicaria N{eigen, 1830, p. i70. LectotvPe I in Vienna. Melanagromyza pulicdria, Hendel, 1920, p. 127; 1931-36, pp. 171-173. Ophiomyia pulicaria, Spencer, 1964a, p. 802 Aourr. Wing length 7.9-2.2 mm, costa extending to m1+e, last section of m* slightly shorter than penultimate; frons about 1 /z times rvidth of eye, not proiecting abov-e cye in profilc; jorvls % vertical height of eye, cheeks linear; vibrissal horn and facial l

A{erpnIer, Ex,A.NtINBo' Alberta: okotoks, 10 June 1966, puparium in leaf-base of Taraxucum sP. (K.A.s.). (R'P')' British Columbia: Terrace, 1 A ' 18 June 1960 Four females have also been examined possibly belonging to this species, as follows: Alberta: Edmonton, George L', 19, 6 July 1966; Jasper, 19, 15 June 1966 (both K.A.S.). British Columbia: Sawmill Lake, Telegraph Cr'' 1100 ft, 29 ?,2 July 1960 (R P.). Ophiomyia Pulicarioiiles Sehgal (Fig. 155) Opbiomyia pulicarioides Sehgal, 1968, p' 61' Holotype 6 in CNC' Aour-r. Indistinguishable externally from O' pulicaria (cf' p' 93)' Nler.r GeNrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 155' Hosr-pleNt/Brorocv. Unknown. DrsrnrsurroN. Alberta' RBr,renrs. The entirely different genitalia confirm the distinctness of this species from o. pulicaria. A'further male"from Northwest Terr., Fort McPherson, s';"ty 1957 (R:H.), shows slight differences in genitalia,but I hesitate to treat it-,i, ,ir..i-.n'as dirtinct from"pulicurioides undl ;dditional material is available. Marnnrer- ExenrrNrt. Alberta: Cypress Hills, I 6, 24 June 1966 (V.K'S'), holotype'

Ophionyia quartd sP. n. (Figs.156-158) HBen. Orbits slightly proiecting above eye in profile; exiended,. formingi:y]l-:tZ*"ll angle. of l'.i.:ttl::t60" n";nni^li"vi^.t'lt- ,"irri,'"i.igitt;'--'-t"^.,--.^-,,-^ o'ibtittal coiner ,about i'rrf#"f"l-D.---, .t'.ii;;';;;'h-"t#ri".rt',r.ure,' , rFig./tri^ I56),t((r cheeks.hppl,c broadly-projectinghrnadlv nroiectinp below eve:eye; i".iri f.,..f ..".picooosly raired,-^:^^r relatively-^r^+i,.^1,, brJad,h.;.1 '-ithwith slight<'liohr furrowfirrrow in upperuooer half.half' Wrrvc. Length 2.1 mm, last and penultimate sections of vein m'tn equal' mat' Cor-on. Orbits and ocellar triangle very weakly. shining,.snlnrng'. -tt"l":"mesonotum essentially r'rrnge olacK' erayish black, with some subshine; squamae gray' margln and I{er.n GoNrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Figs. 157, 158; basiphallus elongate' entirely "b".r"nt, areas typical of genus, distiphallus iomplex with conspicuous V-shaped P.rocess above' two blade narrow' ;i;;i"-;J;;rr-witn itinges of -'i.trrte hairs; speim sac large, though Hororypn a, British columbia, Summit L., Mile 392, Alaska Hwy., 4,700 ft, 7 July 1959 (R.E.L.), in CNC, No. 10381. Drecrosrs. The deep, acure-anqled iowls. together with the slender vibrissal fasciculus and rather brdad, raised Taciai keel mike this species readily recognisable. Although enrirely tvpical of the genus..on external characters, the male genitalia rr. unulurl in th6 foim of the disiiphallus; this superficiallv shows con- ?"rn.n." with the form found in Melaiagromyza species' The chitinized

octdl)tt2 149, aedeagus, side view; distiphallus' dorsal view' Frcs. 149-150, Ophiontyia {0, prirna:,":q:"gT' Frcs. 151-152, O.- praecisa, 151, head; 1i2, aede"agus, side view. FIc..153, O. fi". ri+, O.' pulicaria: aedeagus. Frc. 155, O1 pulicarioides: . aedeagus. Frcs. 156-158, O. qudrtd2 156, head; 157, aedeagis, side view; 158, same, dorsal view'

~~V shaped process above occurs in a small number of species, such as O. nrelandryi de l,[;ij. (cf. Spencer 1964a, figs. 60, 61), but the hairs on the distiphal]us are entirely aberrant.~~

Ophiomyia quinta sP. n. (Fig. 15e) Ha.rn. Jorvls f( r.ertical height of eye, conspicuously projecting forrvards, forming angle of approxirnarely 45"; cheeks br6adly extendingbelorv eye; r.ibrissal-fasciculus slender but relatiiely long; iacial keel broad, conipicuously iaised,',vithout tracc of central furrow. WrNc. Length 1.9 nrm, last section of vein m.** substantially shorter than penultimate, rn rxno I ):ll. Coron. Ocellar triangle and orbits only u'eakly sl'rining, mesonotum distinctly mat, grayish black; squamae graj-, margin and fringe black. n{.crn GrNn.\rre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 159. Horotvpo d, Ontario, I{idland, "swampy wood", 26 NIay 1959 (J.G.C.)' in CNC, No. 10382. Dt.q.cxosts. This species is generallv similar to O. septima; both have the acute vibrissal angle and broad, ra'ised facial keel but the last section of vein m".n is has a more mat, grayish meso- distinctly' shorteiin C). qttinta. This species also notum.' The aedeagus is entirely distinctive.

Ophiomyia secunda sP. n. (Figs. 160, 161) Hoeo (Fig. 160). Jorvls nar.row, considerabll' cxtendcd forrvards, forming angle. of about 45", ,f, licight of cye, chccks broadlv projccting bclow er-c, alnrosr. reaching vibrissal margin; r-ibrissal f-asciculus siender, uniformiy-cuiring,-incompletely fused in holotype; facial kcei"of rnedium rvidth, distinctly raised, entirelv rvithout central furrorr'. \\/rxc. Length 2.5 mm, last section of vein m,,*, substantiallv shorter than penultimate, in ratio 25:15. Lncs. llid-tibia ri'ith 1 rvcak latcral bristle. Coron. ocellar triangle and orbits otllv u'eakh'shining-,.mesorotum black (not gray)' modcrately shining from bihind; squamae grav, margin and fringc black. i\Iel.E Grsrr.qr.r,l. Aedeagus as in Fig. 161, highly asvmnctrical, rvith a distinctive flap projecring on thc Icft side. Hororvpn 6, Alberta, Elk Is. Park, 7 June 1966 (K.A.S'), in author's collection. Tg.o specimens, a male and female from Ontario, One-sided Lake, 25 and 26 June 1960^(L.A.K., A.G.\,V.) are tentativcly referred to this specics. Drccxosrs. This species is extremel\. close to O. septinra but it is larger and the genitalia are significantly different. The essential characters of the spccies are the icute--anglcrl iibrissal corner and the raised facial keel, u'hich entirelv lacks a central lurrow, Ophiomyia sePtima sP. n. (Figs. 162, 163) forr'"'ards, HE,1p. Jos,ls .ld r.ertical er-e hcight in centre bclow cve, .distinctll' .proiecting fol-1ing angle of .15'; chcek c,i n,e.liunr rridtl-r; r'ibr:issal fasciculus rvitl-r regular.curvature, relativc'iv sirort; facial l

~~).. ,-l 'I \ l / l -'r-:: /i~~

~~160~~

~~t .-- -\ /1 .'. - -:t.':..-.t- - ::\ '/ . -'.-.:;;;:< -~~

~~163~~

~~165~~

~~_\ *\."~~

~~167~~

FIc. 159, Ophiomyia quintd: aedcasus. Frcs. 160-161, O. secundd: 160, hcad; 161, acclcagus. FIcs. 162-163, (). septirno: 162, aetlcagus, sicle vieu.; 163, sante, clorsal vicw Frcs. 164-166, O. sefia: 16+, head; 165, aedeagus, side vicrv;166, same, dorsal vicw. Frcs. 167-168, O. sl:iloettsis: 167, aedeagus, side vierv; lOS, distiphallus, dorsal view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Tvpps. Holotype 4, Alberta, Jasper, 19 June 1966 (K'A'S')' in authort collection; prr"typ.,^ g, Ontario, l't"t-ot", 12 July 1962 (J'F'N{cA')' in CNC' No. 10383. Drlcrosrs. The siqnificant characters of this species ale the acute vibrissal angle, medium width oflowh, and narrow facial keel'

Ophiomyia setrd sP. n. (Figs.16+-166) HE.rn. Frons conspicuouslv proiecting aboie eye in profilc, w.ith 2 ors and 3- ori; iorvls broad. I, rcrtical n"iglt't i^,ft.. fi# [,"1o*, not. greatly prolecting forwards' forming facial .,,-ib.irrrl angle of o6J,..ib.issal"i "u.. fasciculus short. ruit6 normal currature tFig. I64tl keel narrori, scarcely"l,ou"t raised, rvith distinct central furrorv' only wlNc" Length 2.3 mm in male, up to 2.7 mm in female, Iast section of vein mr*n very slightly shorter than penultimate' distinctly' though not Cor-on. Ocellar triangle and orbits scarcely shining-, T.ttongtuT brilliantll-, shining black; squamae dark gray, margrn and tnnge Dlacl{' 1\{ele GnNrr.qlre. AeJeagus as in Figs. 165,166, distinctly elongated, symmetrical, in two out of three specimcns o"-i"Ea rvith a sirall chitinizecl p.o."tt abo=ve; arms of ninth sternite slender, rvith conspicuous ventral curvature. Trprs. Holotyp. 6, Alberta, Cvpress Hills, 25 June 1966 (K'A'S'); P^i!: tvpes: Northw..tT.rr., HayR., 16', 1i Juiy 1951 (!-R.P]; N{anitoba,2 mi W' of'stockton, spruce-sani community, 1 6,20'i\{ay_l958 (J.F.r\'IcA.); 5 mi SW. of Shilo, 19, 20' May 1958 (C.D.F.r\{'); Quebec, Kingsmet",.:1, 12 May 1958 (J.G.C.); Harringion L., Gatineau Park, 13, 31 X{ay 195+.qE'E'S')' Holotype and one pttttyp.-itt author's collection, four paratypes in CNC, No' 10384' Dracxosrs. This is a relatively lalge species and is unusual in having a con- of spicuouslv projecting frons and 3 ori. The lor"ls afe broad, forming an angle 9b'. With these .lirr".t.r. the species is readily recognisable'

Ophiomyia shiloensis sP. n. (Figs. 167, 168) trf in front, I'ibrissal fasciculus Hran. Jowls % vertical eye height, forming angle .80_' .aror-rg, ,"p"ring, uniformly ..,*ing; Tacial keel_ lorv, relatively narrow but conspicuously rvidening bclc,li basc of antennae, rvithout central furrorv' WINc. Length 1'75-Lg mm, last sectiotl of vein m, % penultimate' cor-on. Frons sooty-black, ocellar triangle and orbits moderately shining; mesonotum and abdomen shining black; squamae gray, fringe biack' 5IelB GrNrreua. Aedeagus distinctive, as in Figs. 167,168, distiphallus elongate, narrow. (J'G'C'); Tvpns. Holotvpe a, N4anitoba,5 mi SW. of Shilo, 22 July 1958 paratvpes: 1a, same data as holotvpe (CD.F.M.); Churchill,_l6,20 May-1945 tn.n.j; 1d, Treesbank, 17 Julv 1958 (J.G.C.). Holotvpe, No' 10385, and two paratypes in CNC, one ParatyPe in author's collection. Dr,ccxosrs. This species belongs to tl-re mdurd-grotJP. The- iolvls. are relatively broad bur the vibrissal fasciculus is virtuaily in md1ff6; the facial keel is ^s narr;wer and without a central furrorv. The aedeagus is entirely distinctive.

~~Ophiom.yia simplen (Loew) (Figs. 169-171) Agromyza simplex Loer'v, 1869, p.46; Malloch, l9l3a, p. 315' Holotype now destroyed (Frick, 1957, p.200; Shewell, 1953, p. aA5).~~

Melanagrontyzd siwplex, Ilendel, 1920, p. 128; 1931-36, p. 176' Ophiomyiu siwplex, Spencer, 1966b, p. 55. Anurr. Wing length f rom 2.2 mm in male to 3 mm in female, costa ending. at or shortly behind vein r,.. lait ani penultinratc secti('ns of m, apprr-rxinretely cqua.ll frons broad, almosr twice uidrh of.... orhits conspicuouslv shining and distinctly pro]ccting. abovc. e1,e in profile: nornrally i srrong orbiral tristles. i,rlrital situlae strong, reclinatel iou ls broad. almost tA n";gt-'- of eie, cheeks" forming broad- ring bcJow. cve; meionotum and abdomen entirely shininf black, iquanrae gra)', maigin and fringe black. i\,I.q.r-E GesrrrLIA. Acdeagus as in Figs. 169' 170. some 16 irrcgular Lenya. Posterior spiracular Plocesses on 2 raised stalks, each,bearing bulbs (FiB. 171), not i ai statcd by'Chittenden (1911, fig.2c) tnd Hendel (1931-36, p. 178). Hosr-preNr/Brorocv. Aspdrngus officinalis, larva forming extefnal stem- mine, pupating normally at base of stem. DrsrnInutIox. Ontario, Quebec; U.S'A.; Europe. Rnr,renrs. The male lacks the vibrissal horn normally found in Ophiomyiu but larval characters, biologY, and male gcnitalia confiIm that the species collectly belongs in this genus. O. sitnplex can cause considerable damage to cultivated asparagus. The Barnes (1937). most valuable of the manv PaPcrs discussing this species is that by tr4ertinr.cr, Ex.ql,rtrEo. Ontario: Otta$,a, 2 6 6, 3 Q 9, 25 I'{ay 1941 (G.\"I.); Simcoe, 2 6 6, 29 ?, 2 June 1939 (G.E.S.); Vineland Station, 79,20 June 1937' Quebec: Abbotsford,2 ? ?, 24 Julv and 2 SePt' 1916 (G.E'S.).

Ophiomyia tertia sP. n. rFigs.172.173) vertical hcight- of in centre, conspicuously Hoeo (Fig. 172). Jorvls natrow! abour '/ro .e1'e projecting forivards, foiming angle of about 45"; vibrissal fasciculus cun'ing and tapering normalh,]r"ther shortl facialkecl flat betrvcen base of antennae, conspicuously raised bclow but narrorv and rvitl-rout central furrorv. \l1xc. Length 2.2 mm, last section of r.ein mr*n equal to or slightiy shorter than penultinrate. Col-on. Oceilar triangle and orbits scarcclv shining; mcsonotum distinctll' mat, grayish black, someu'hat nlore shiriing from behind; squamac grav, margin and fringe black. M.qi.o Gr,xrrarte. Aedcagus as in Fig. 173. Tvlns. Holotype d, Outario, Ottawa, 23 N{ay 1957 (J.G.C.); paratype: Qucbec, r\,tt. St. Hilaire,500-700 ft,4 June 1963 (J.R.V.), in CNC, No. 10186. Dr.q.crosrs. This species is distinguishable by the acute angle formed by the nar-row jorvls, the narfow, raised facial keel, and the somewhat mat-grayish mesonotum. The aedeagus is entirely distinct.

Ophiomyia undecima sp. n. (Figs. 17,+, 175) Hreo. Jorvls relatively narro\\,, vertical e1-e_hcight, forming angle of 60" in front, vibrissal fasciculus broad ai base, stronglv"{_ tapering, short; cheeks forming broad ring belorv er.e; facial lteel modcratclr. broad, flat a6or-e and benr.ecn antennae, only slightly raised below. Wrxc. Lengtl-r 2.2 mm, last and penultintate scctions of nlr- equal. Cor.on. Frons sootv-black, orbits and ocellar triangle conspicuouslv shining; mesonotum modcrately sl-rining; squanrac ri'hitish grav, fringe brown to ochrous' trLur Grrrraue. Aedeagus as in Figs. 174, 175.

~~f ,{~~

~~171~~

Gnxus Phytobia Lioy Phytobia Lioy, 1864, p. 1313. Tvpe of genus: Agromyza err(tns X{eigen, syntvpes in Paris and Vienna. Diztt gotnyza (Dendromyza), Hendel, 1931, p. 22. Dendromyzc, Kangas, 1935, p. 1. Phytobia (Pfutobia), Frick, 1952, p. 390;7959, p. 374. Shizzrkoa Sasakawa, 1963a,p.38; Spencer, 19659, p. 8. The genus Phytobia is now restricted to the grouP of large species' whose larvae are known to feed as cambium-borers in the twigs of trees' Even with this restricted concept it is a large genus of 47 described sfecies, represented in all regions except Australia. The species in the Palacarctic and Nearcric regions are generally dark but in the Neotropical Rcgion there are a number of striking yellow species, some lvith pictured wings (Spencer 1966e). The largest known species in the family,P. gigas Spencer, 1966a,from Burma, belongs to this genus. Eight species are known in Canada, four of which are described belor'v. P. coylesi is the only species in the genus lacking the second cross-vein. Tl-rese species can be identified by the follorving kev:

Frcs. 169-171, Ophiomyia simplex: 169, aedeagus, side vierv; 170, distiphallus, ventral vierv; 171, posterior spiracles of puparium. Frcs. 172-171, O. tertid: 772, head; 173, aedeagus. Frcs' 17+-175, O. uidecinta: 174, aedeagus, sidc vierv; 175, same, dorsal view. FIcs. 176-178, O. usabsmunensis: 776, head; 177, aedeagus, side view; 178, distiphallus, dorsal r-iew.

Knn ro Cexenrarr Phytobia SpBcIr's Costa ending at vein rr,; 2 Costa extending to vein rnr+g . . . 3 Shining black species, orbirs and cheeks brilliantly shining; second cross-vein present, ]ast section of m,*, at least trvice penultimate ...... conf essd sP. n. Orbits and mesonotum dull black; second cross-vein lacking coylesi sp' n. ; Humerus and upper half of notopleural triangle yellowish . . fl'aaohwneralis Sehgal Sides of thorax entirelv dark T + Normally 4 or 5 orbital bristles, upper two reclinate; epistoma narrow (Fig. rR4\ 5 Normally 5 or 6 orbital bristles, only upper ors reclinate; epistoma high (Fig. lel\ I ; Cross-veins close, Iess than length of second apart; no epistoma present . - Dirrr.r"" b"t-..n .rors veins greater than length of second; Dresent ^rr"^I'^!^i?"JyJtlt".t*l , if 6 Very large spec.ies, wing length 3..5-4.8 mm; aedeagus ending in z lonf ,ouot.! (Fig. lez) .... setosd (Loew) - Smaller species, wing length 2.7-3.5 mm; aedeagus ending in broad, fused process . se/tentrionalis sp. n. 7 Palps, all antennal segments reddish orange ...... betulivord sp. n. - Palps, antennae, and frons blackish brown antelanc hieris ( Greene) Phytobia antelanchieris (Greene) (Fig, 17e) Agromyza atnelsnchiens Greene, 1917, p.316. Holotvpe g in USNN{. Phytobia amelanchieris, Frick, 1952, p. 390; 1959, p. 375. Aour-r. Very'5 large species, wing length from 3 to 4.3 mm in both sexes; normally I reclinate ors and (sometimes 4) inCurved ori, all of equai length and noticeably slender; frons normally pro]ecting above eye in front, bluish-black behind, reddish in front; well- defined epistome prcsent; antennae dark-reddish, third segment black on outside, arista conspicuously swollen at base, l'ery fine above ; mesonotum mat gray; legs almost entirely black, knees inconspicuously reddish; costa extending strongly to vein mr*r, last section of mn equal to or more normally distinctly longcr than penultimate. M.tn GlNrrerra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 179, distal tubules parallel, slightly upcurved initially, long, tr.vice length of mesophallus. Hosr-preNr,/Brorocv. Amelanchier can&deTtsis (shad-bush or service berry), larva boring in cambium of twigs or trunk, continuing down to root. DrsrnrnurroN. British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan; widespread in United States. Rnr.renrs. This species shor,vs considerable variation in size, color, and wing venation. It generally resembles P. setosa feeding in Acer but the frons is normally more reddish, it is normally smaller and can best be recognised by the distinctive arrangement of the orbital bristles, with only the upper one being reclinate and the others incurved. The genitalia of the two species are also remarkably similar but in anrcldn- chieris the distiphallus is distinctly longer. Merrnrer, Exel.rrNoo. British Columbia: 5 mi E. of Fife, 1 9, 8 June 1959 (R.E'L.)' Manitoba: Ninette, T 6 3,39 9,7 andg May 1958 (J.F.McA'). Ontario: Rockport, 1 6, 9 May 1961 (C.H.M.).

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv euebec: Farnham, , ,, 15 e e, ,, n,,; 1961 (J.R.V., J.F.McA.).'T,;il:Tfir.d;il;::;; Saskatchewan: Sask. Landing, 50o39', 107o56',16,25 May 1955 (J.R.V.). U.S.A.: West Virginia, French Cr., I 6 (F.E.Brooks), prrrtyp".

Phytobia betuliaora sp. n. (Figs. 180-184) Heeo (Fig. 180). Frons broad, twice width of eye, conspicuously projecting above eye in profile;5 or 6 long, slender orbital bristles, only the upper reclinate, the others incurved; orbital setulae irregular, sparse, mainly at level of lower two ori, predominantly incurved; jowls broad, /a vertical eye height in centre, deeper at rear; mouth-margin r.vith conspicuous epistoma, extending upwards almost to base of antennae (Fig. 181); third antennal segment only finely pubescent, arista long, bare, slender, with distinct though small srvelling :Jl*::" Mesoxorun. 3{1 strong dc, acr in some 6 rorvs. Wrxc. Length in male 4.3 mm, costa extending to m1+2, last section of mr*, slightly longer than penultimate, first cross-vein well bevond centre of discal cell (illustrated by Greene 1914, fr.g. 3, pruinotd Coq.). ^s LBcs. Mid-tibial bristles variable, between 1 and 3, in holotype 1 on one side, 2 on other. Coron. Frons predominantly reddish orange including orbits; upper orbits and area adioining ocellar triangle blackish gray; lunule, cheeks, jowls, all antennal segments, and palpi reddish orange; mesonotum blackish gray, scarcely shining; legs blackish brown, all knees distinctly paler, orange-brown; wing base brorvnish orange, squamae pale gray, margin and fringe black. Mert GrNrrar.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 182, distai tubules essentially parallel, long, twice length of mesophallus, slightly dilated at end. Pupenrurr. Orange-brorvn, 7X2.2 mm, posterior spiracles each with 3 small bulbs (Fig. 183). Tvprs. Holotype 3, U.S.A., Chain Bridge, D.C., 15 Apr. 1913, ex cambium of Betuld nigru (C.T.Greene) i pararyps5; 4 A 6 , 1 9 , same data; Ontario, Wilno, 7 6 ,16 May 1960 (J.F.McA.). Holotype and paratypes in USNI4, further paratypes, No. 10+60, in CNC and author's collection. Drecxosrs. The significant characters of this species are the entirely yellowish orange coloration of frons, antennae, and palps and the conspicuously high epistoma. Greene (i914), assisted by l{alloch, identified the species as pruinosa Coquillett, stating "The rvriter's specimens agree perfectly with the type (of pruinosa), except that they are very slightlv larger." Mr. G. Stevskal has kindly compared Greene's series rvith the tvpe of pruinost and writes (private communication): "It is not much more than half the size of the 'cambium miner of river birch' and is a quite different thing." The sketches of the genitalia of pninosa prepared bv tr/tr.'steyskal show theledeagus having similar paired rubules but these appear to lack the distinctive uprvard bend adjoining the mesophallus as in beniliaord and there are other minor post- abdominal differences. Species in this genus can vary in size considerably (as in setosa and amelanchieris) but on the available evidence it seems desirable to treat rhe species from birch as distinct from prutinosa. The specimen from Wilno, Onr., agrees in all details with the holotvpe. P. benliaor, rg.i.r closelv both in external morphology and in male genitalia with P. amelancbieris but the color differences between sDecimens reared from

~~142 180 /\ A-.. /\ /,'')l \\, .'''"1' '' '\-'\ i 1\,A 181 /) ,t,i / )/ , _ \ rtl '--' ,- \-l 183~~

~~186~~

~~185 .1t r\~~

~~\> 187~~

Frc. 179, Phytobia arnelamchieris: aedeagus. Frcs. 180-183, P. benilitLord: 180, head; 181, cpistoma; 182, aedcagus; 183, posterior spiracles of puparium. Frc. 184, Phytobia sP., nr. betuliaora (Fra.rinus): epistoma. Frcs. 185-186, P. confessa: 185, acdeagus, sidc view; 186, same, vcntral view. Frc. 787, P. coylesi: wing. FIc. 188, P. flaoohurneralls: aedeagus.

Phytobia coylesi sp. n. (Fig. 187) Flreo. Frons not pro]ecting above eye, 2 ors,2 strong ori, orbital.setulae in sin_gle row, reclinate; ocellar triangle not differentiaied beyond foremost ocellus, lunule small, semi-

circular; eye large, uprighr, iowls at reer lt eye- height, cheeks forming only narrow ring betow eyej third antennil segment round, arista fine, bare. Mesoxorur,r. 3f 1 strong dc; acr irregularly in 5 or 6 rows; well-developed pair of prsc. WrNc. Length in female 3.3 mm; sub-costa appearing to ioin vein r, but then.continuing as a fold to .ortri.ort" ending shortly after vein r,i, re.ond cross-vein lacking (Fig. 187). Coron. Frons sooty-black, with faint brownish undertone; orbits weakly shining; all antennal segments black;'mesonotum and scutellum blackish gray, rvith slight subshine; pleura and legs black; squamae dark gray, fringe black. Tvpes. Holotype 9, British Columbia, Deep Bay, nr. Bowser, 21 June 1955; ParatyPes: 29 g, sime data (R.C.). Holotype, No. 10388, and ParatyPe in CNC, one paratype in author's collection. DtacNosrs. This species is immediately distinguishable within the genus Phytobia by the.or." xr rn*; xod theiack of ihe second cross-vein. The latter character might lead"|ding th1 species to be mistaken for aParaphytomyzu;however, it is a large an-d stout species typical oi Phytobia, and the Presence of 3f I dc and the strong' sub-costa appearing to join vein 11 are characters confirming its correct genenc Posluon. Phytobia flaoohumeralis Sehgal (Fig. 188) Phytobia fl.avohumeralls Sehgal, 1968, p. 62. Holotype 6 in CNC. . Arurr. Essentially as in P. septentri.onalis, with following points of difference: frons consistently Iess projeciing, mid-tibia rvith 2 short lateral bristles, humerus and upper half of notopleural area dull yello*-ish. A,Iero Gn'Nrrar.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 188, distiphallus largely membranous' with two distinct spots of chitinization ar end; aedeagal apodeme siender, pale. Hosr-pr,qNr/Brorocv. IJnknown. DrsrnrnurroN. Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan. Rnr.reRrs. This species is immediately Iecognisable by the yellowish humerus and notopleur"i It otherwise generally resembles P. septentrionalis but the male genitalia are^ter. totally distinct. The lonf type series of this species was caught in a Malaise trap run!y,n" Depaltment of Entomology, University of Alberta, in a forest clearing at George Lake r.vhere the dominarit tree is Populus balsamifera. It seems probable that this is the host-plant. X,Iernnrer. Exer.rrNnn. Allrerta: George L.,2 6 6, l1 May 1966, ex Malaise traP (V'K.S.). British Columbia: Robson, 7 6 ,l+ May 1947 (H.R.F.)' Manitoba: Ninette, 19, 30 May 1958 (C.D.M.). Ontario: Ottawa, 16, 14 May 1925 (C.H.C.); Bell's Corners, 2 6 6, |+^,Yty 1949and21N{ay 1950 (G.E.S.)IPortSevern,3 rniN., 19,18 N'{ay 1959 (J'G.C.)' Saskatchewan: Saskatoon,2 6 6, 21 May 1940 and 9 N{ay 1949 (A'R.B.).

Phytobia septentrionalis sP. n. (Figs. 189, 190) Heeo. Frons at most slishtly prolecting above eye in profile,4 equal orbital bristles, the upper ors directcd upruards"and ountards,lhe lower-ors and the 2 ori incuned or slightly rcclitia'te; orbital setulae sparse, \:ery short; lunule small, semicircular; jowls not greatly

extended at rear, % eVe height; narrow epistoma Pfesent; third antennal segment round, arista srvollen at base, only finely pubescent. A{r.soxorur'r. 3+1 strong dc, acr in 6 or 7 irregular rows' Wrxc. Leneth from 2.7 mm in male to 3.5 mm in female, costa extending strongly to vein mr*r, first cr"oss-vein at centre of discal cell, last and penultimate sections of mr* equal or last somewhat longer. Lncs. Mid-tibiae with 1 long lateral bristle or none. Cor-on. Fqons entirely black, faintly silvery, all antennal segments black; mesonotum mat-gray, all pleura blackish gray; Iegs'black, iore-knees faintly-brownish; sguamae gray, margin and fringe black. A,Iere Gnxrrelre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 189, 190. Tvpos. Holotype 6, Quebec, Kingsmere, 12 May 1958 (J.G.C.); p"ra- types: Ontario, Simcoe, 16, 19,20 June 1929 (G.E.S.). Holotype, No. 10389, and one paratype in CNC, one paratype in author's collection. DrecNosrs. This soecies closelv resembles smaller specimens of P. setosa and can only be separated by the male genitalia. It is immediately distinguishable from P. flauohumeralis by the entirely dark sides of the thorax.

Phytobia setosa (Loew) (Figs. 191, 192) Agrornyza setosdLoew, 1869, p. 45. Holotype 6 in MCZ. Pbytobia setosd, Frick, 1952, p. 390; 1959, p. 376. Agromyza aceris Greene, 1917, p. 313; Frick, 1959, P. 376' Holotype I in USNM. Anur.r. Very large species, wing length from 3.5 to 4.8 mm; 4 strong orbital bristles, the 2 ors reclinate, 2 ori slightly incurved (sometimes 3 ori on one side); frons not or scarcely projecting above eye in profile, normally silvery-black, slightly paler, reddish or brownish adjoining lunule, rarely paler, almost yellowish; distinct but narrow epistoma present (Fig. 191); antennae essentially dark but third segment invariably somewhat brownish; mesonotum mat-gray; legs largely black, knees only slightly paler; last section of vein mr*n distinctly longer than penultimate. Mer-e Grxrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 192, distal tubules parallel, distiphallus at most 1% times length of mesophallus. Hosr-preNl/Brorocv. Acer rubrum, larva boring in cambium of twigs and stem, feeding down to roof, pupating erternally. Drsrnrsurrox. Ontario, Quebec; widespread in United States. Ror,renrs. This is the largest known North American species, although there is some overlapping between the smallest setosd and the largest amelanchieris. There are normally four strong orbital bristles, with the upper two reclinate. This is the best character for distinguishing setosa from amelanchieris, in which the orbital setulae are more slender, with only the upper one reclinate. The color of the frons is normally dark above, becoming paler, reddish towards the lunule but this also shows considerable variation ranging from entirely dark to largely pale, almost yellowish. In the aedeagus the distal tubules are relatively short, equal to or at most 1 7i times length of the mesophallus. This character also serves to separate setoscl from amelanchieris, in which the distiphallus is consistently twice the length of the mesophallus.

~~l-t\ ..--.:-. 4a - ,.-'-^ - ":.,==-:=-j>."-- ..::: ,. --. : ._ ,,, J 1 '**'o lq 1e2 ,f' : /u'"' .@ [:t.e~~

Frcs. 189-190, Phytobia septeiltriondlis: 189, acdcaqus, side \'icrv; 190, sanre, ventral view. Frcs. 191-192, P. setost: 1b1, epistoma; 192, acdcag"us' FIc. 193, Cerodontha (.Dizygontyza) angulata: aedeagus. FIc. 19:1, Cer. (Diz.) bicoloratd: aedeagus. Frc. 195, Lunule of A, Cer. (Diz.) butotnolnyzind; I), Dizl'gonty:rr spp.; C, Poetrtyztr spp. Frcs' 196-197, Cer. (.Diz.) butotttontyzina: 196, acdeagus, sidc vierv; ilZ, distiphallus, dorsal r-ielv. Frc. 198, Cer. (Diz.) chaixidna: acdeagus.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 110 MEI{oIRs oF THE ENToMoLoGIcAL socIETY oF cANADA For the past 5 years Nowakowski has been- working on a monograph of the r'vas published in European spJcies oi Cerodontha. A synopsis-Butotnornyza of this monograph 1967 md includes two new sub-genera, and,.Crdstenlyza) and.16 new species are described. In all,?t European species are discussed' IePlesenting rathef less than half the world total of 132. The essential differences betrveen the sub-genera Dizygotnyza and Poeruyza, as defined by Hendel, are the broad, semicircilar lunule (Fig. 1958), separated male in bases of the antennae, and enlarged third antennal legment^ in the Dizygomyza, and the high, narro'nv'iunule inPoentyza (Fig. t95C)'. Tr1'o sPe:e.s splii ofi by'Hendel frSm the main group of Poetnyza are seruiposticata Hd. (': angulata Loew) and scutellarls (v.Roser); the character. used.is the presence of a stiong pair of pre-scutellars and in addition the lunule is noticeably broader (although"h'igher than a semicircle) than in typical P.oantyza species, such as to this small group have sub- pyg*o;n Mgl and incisa N[g. Species belonging-It r.q""."tty be"en found in Afri'ca rnd Anrttrlia. is this group which Norvako'uvsl

It seems clear, even from this paltial revierv of species outside Europe, that Butowornyzd cannot be retained as a valid sub-genus. The primary chalacter of the new -o.,oty*pic sub-genus Crastemyza_erected for flaaoiittgulaia Strobl is the termination of it-t. cosr-a at vein r.*,. However, this reduction is foun{ in one of mole species in the genera Agromyza, Oghiotnyia, Phytobia s.s., and Arnauromyza and iannot be accorded generic-or sub-generic significance. A further character of Crastem.yza is the. presence.of stlong bristles oi the surstyli, seen above to occur in many species of Dizygomyza'- Pre- scutellars ari variable in flavocingulata, although normally Present; the lunule, however, is relatively large and high, as in semipostica-ta. A second sPecles' and the frankensis sp. n. desciibed"belorv, hai all the characters of flavocingulata pre-scutellais are particularly strong. The only entilely aberrant character of 12-18 bulbs flaaocittgulara is tfre form oi po.t.r"i,o. spiracles'in the larva, where are arraiged in an ellipse on two widely separated projections. However, in all other charactels the larva agrees with iVpi-cal Dizy gotnyzrz species. Before dis- covering its couect idenrityi, de N{eijer-e- (1934, p. 272) described the larva as Dizygokyza sp., associatittg it ott its distinctive characters with D. Tnoro1d Mg., latei.-(19;8, p. 85) confirriing this association. I there{ore ProPose.to include both -Butomouryzaflaaociigutaia and franltensis in Dizygonryzo. I do not wish forma.lly.to sink and Crastemyza, pendine study of Nou'akowski's full discussion of these sub-genera in his monograph. Thirry-three spJcies are now recor-ded in this genus in Canada, 3 in the sub- genrts Cerodonthd, 16 in Dizy gomyza, 8 in Poewyza, and 6 in lcterowyza; 14 are new and 15 Holarctic. I have examined the holotype of D. subangulata (Malloch), 1916 in the collection of the Illinois Naturaf History Survev. Urbana' This is a distinct species not so far represented in Canada;-sketches of the aedeagus are sholvn in Figs. 541, 542. KBv ro Cax.qor.qx Cerodotztha Sppctts I Third anrennal segmenr bearing conspicuous spine at uPPeI corner (sub-genus Cerodontha) .2 enlarged in male ,T A Third antennal-^'-D------' segment normal, though somerimes greatlv DracK; 2 Very\,'er-, smallc-oll spe.i"ispecies,.-".i"i wingrrrino lengthlenoth 2.2) ) rnm;'rrn:dim; m".onototitmesonotum and scutellum entlrelyentirellentirely black; as in tr'ig. Z+t gracilis sp' n' "edeagosLalgerLarger species,sPecles, wingwrll.g lengthlelrgLll 2.€lz.'t-) mmlrrrrr .) ) Cen?ralCentra_[ pfe-Scutellarpre-scutellar" aree ancl scutellumScutellum normally.atnormally at leaslleast PalLlalyp-al1ially yellow'yslruw; aedeagusacuLdBuJ "rea"arrd (L::*) with grJatly enlarged black processes distally (Figs. 219,-240) .dorsali: Meroiotrr- and siutellum normally entirely blaik; aedeagus with.smaller^black processes distallyorsratly (rrg.(Fig. r.i)/2a3) , """":",'"*occidentalis Sehgal Lonule broad, in'foim of semicircle; or slightly higher, but still broad (Fig. 1e5A) Lunule substantiallv higherhisher thanth: semiciicircle, ,r"*o* (sub genus Poewyza); if as in Fig. 233, frons yellow (calosotna Hd.), 2T F;?";;;;rily'.ntir.lv'yellorv, smooth, rarely brown or yellow below and,black above; ocellar'triangle'extended, aPex- aPProaching-.. margin of lunule ; prsc always absent (sub-genus(sub-penus lcterornvza)lcterowyza) . 28 Frons not as above, ,rot-rllv blackish grav or brownish gray; Prsc frequently present,nrcscnr eithereirher stronglystrnnolw developeddeveloned or.tr lomewhat weaker (sub-genus(sub-qenus DlDizy go- znyza) Lonnie broad, in form of semicircle (Fig. 1958); third antennal segment in male enlarged (except in yukonensis sP. n. and bicolorata sp. n.) 1 L,rnoie laige bitt disiinctly highei (Fig. r95A) 15

7 All knees distinctly yellow . . Only fore-knee bright yellow, at most inconspicuously paler on f,, f"; notoPleural area dark 10 8 Sides of front tergites and notopleural area yellow; frons not projecting above eye . worosa (Mg.) 9 - Abdomen black . 9 Frons conspicuously projecting above cve; large specics, wing Iength 3.2 mm . . . thompsorl (Frick) - Frons not projecting; smaller species, $'ing length 2.2 mm . . uhirna sp. n' 10 Fronst rons verv conspicuouslyconsplcuousty prolectingpro]ecungpro]ectine above eye (Fig. 207) labrddorezri.t sP' n. Frons at mosr slishtlvslightly projectingDroiectins 11 11 Third antennal scgment in male normal, not larger than in female 11a Third antennal scgment in male -"'-^5'*enlarged . t2 1la Abdon.ren enrirehrblack; third antennal segment in male small, round (Fig.222) .... yukctnenslssp.n. - lbdorn"n *i.h fror-,, tergites conspicuously yellorv ..... bicoloratasp.n. L2 Orbits and lunule distinctly vellowish chaixiana (Groschke) VI UIIS arlu lUlIUlt darkerUaIlltI 13 - Orbits and lunule 13 n{esonotum distinctly black (not gray); arista fine, bare in upper half thulensis Griffiths - Mesonotum essentiallv gray . . 14 14 Jowis broad,trp to I Jye'height; fourth dc strong, little weaker than third;_prsc lacking . lucnrosa (N[9.) - .Jowls narro\r,,'/o eve height, fourth dc weak; prsc differentiated scirpirora sp. n. 15 Costa ending at vein rr*; 16 - Cosra extending stror-rgly to vein n11,r 17 16 Squamal fringe vellow; onlv fore-knee distinctly yellow; epandrium rvith _finger- like projectio-n (Fig. 201) stuimal f'nge brownl ail knees brlshr rellorvl epandrium "or\l.loru,rrr|ri, ,p. ''. 17 Frons conspicuously proiecting above eye (Fig. 205) " ' gibbardl sp' n' Frons not projecting lu 18 All knees bright yellow butoTtlolttyzllld sp' n' Onlv fore-knces-bright vellow, otherrvise less differentiated 19 6 Squamal fringe dark, brori,'nish to biack; tibiae and tarsi black; loler ors incurved 'cirpi (KarI) - Squamal fringe normally yellow; tibiae and tarsi slightly paler, vellorvish; o-rs parallel or lo*er direcred slighdv outwards ' 20 20 brs parallel; wing length 2.4-3.1 mm; aedeagus as in Fig. 193 ... angulato (Loerv) Iargcr specics, r.ving l- - Lowlr ors direcied slightlv ourwards; somervhar ]e1S_t! 3.2 mm; aedeagus as in Figs. 199,200 eucdricls Now' 2l Orbits or frons conspicuouslv l'ellorv 22 Orbits and frons dark 25 22 Notopleurai area r,'ellow; fcmora yellow onlv at knees - Iateralis (I{acq.; Notoplcural area dark; femora vellow at least in apical third 21 23 Squamal fringe l.eilou' pdllidiciliara sp. n. Squamal fringe dark, brown 2+ 2+ Aideagus short, rotated (Fig. 228) . ' tttusci?! lryC.) - Aedealus conspicuouslv long (fig. 225) calmtagrostidls Norv. 25 Squamal fringe dark, brou'n 26 Squamal fringe paler, vellow 27 blacl<, wing base and squamae bright yellow 26 Misonotum mai, gravish .- . . pygnmea (Mg.)- l4esonotum shining black; wing base dark, squamae glay . . . . st7ltcoe7Ltr.t sP. n.

( 27 All knees bright vellorv; sections of m,,, equal . in c o'nsPi cua l.Ialloch ) - Only fore-knees vellow; Iast section of veln m,*, longer than penultimate . . . ittcisa (\[9.) 28 Palps black, large species, wing length up to 3.5 mm . . . . cdpitt:tta (Zett.) - Palps yellorv .29 29 Femora entircly vellow calosonm (Hcndel) * Femora black, at least basally 30 30 Eye conspicuouslv pilose 11 - Eve with at most short, scattered hairs . 31 Femora yellorv in apical third; frons vellow . pollinosa (N[eI.) - Femora vellow onlv at knecsl frons brorvn . . . ft,tscifront sP. n. 32 Femora yellor.v in apical third; frons yellorv longipetutis (Loerv) Femora yellorv only at knecs; frons bro',vn or black above churchillensis sp. n.

Sue-clxus Dizygornyza Hendel Dizygornyza Hendel, 1920, p. 130; Dizygowyza (Dizygonryzd) Hendel, 1931, p. 83. Type of sub-genus: Ag'rorn1'za Tvlorosn trlei-gcn' Phyfoltia (Dizygowyza), Frick, 1952, p. 396; 1959, p. 3u3. Cerodontho (I)izygowyza), Nowako$rslii, 1962, p. 102; 1967, p. 638' Lunule large, broad, semicircular, or higher, Lr- or \---shnped; antcnnal bescs rvidely separatJd or more approximare; th.-ird segnlent frcquentlv cnlarged in malc;'pre-icutellars normallY prcsent, -sonletimes u'eak. Sxreen species are recorded for C:rneda; sir are ner,v, four Holarctic, and one previously knorvn onlr' from NlV. Greenlancl. Nincteen species are kno$'n in ihe sub-genus from Europe (Nor.vakou-ski 1967). Diffirences berv,ecn ihe species in tl-ris sub-genus are frequcntlv extremcly slight, evcn in male genitalia, but such differcnces-cen be seen to trc significent in view of distinctive larval characters or host selection' A number of individual, caughr spccimens have been examincd from rePresentillg_ further- nerv Alasl

Cerodontha (Dizygomyzu) angulata (Loew) (Fig. 1e3 ) Agrontyzct angztldta Loerv, 1869, p. 17. I-ectotvpe 9, clesignated by Fricl<' 1957' in A{CZ. Dizygowyat (Poemyza) sentipostical,r Hendel, 193l-36, P- 49. Lectotvpe 9, desigr-rared by Norvakorvski, 1967, in \ricnna. Phytobia (Poeru1,za) angulatn, Frick, 1957, p. 202. C e'r o d ottth a (But omoruy za) s emip o s/lcaf4, Nou'a1

mid- and hind-knees only faintlv vellowish, tibiae and tarsi slightly pale, yellowish; squamal fringe normallv pale, yellow but occasionally darker, distinctly brown; rving length 2.4-3.1 mm. I{e,r-E Grxrr-cue. Aedeagus as in Fig. 193, distal tubules distinctly thickened at aPex, not diverging; conspicuous patch of bristles on surstyli. Hosr-prexr,/Brorocv. Carex spp., larva forming yellowish green leaf-mine, pupating externally; puparium short, broad (cf. Hendel 1931, fig. 118). DrsrRrnurrox. Alberta, Ontario; U.S.A.; Europe. Rnrranxs. This is a somewhat variable species but is generally recognisabie by the non-projecting frons, equal and parallel ors, fore-knees normally paler than those on mid- and hind-legs, and pale squamal fringe. Canadian &ngulat6 agree exactly with European seTniposticata and Frick rvas correct in establishing this synonvmv. D. angultta agrees very closely r.vith D. eucdricis but is generaily smaller and the 2 ors. are equal and parallel in artgulatt, with the lower directed more outwards \fi eltcaTtcls, N{nrr:nr,qr Ex,qivrrN l;o. Alberta: George L., 1 6, 21 June 1966 (V.K.S.). Ontario: Simcoe, 5 6 a,69 ?,6-22 June 1939 (G.E.S.). U.S.A.: Distict of Columbia, 1 6 , paralectotvpe. Gerrrrany: Rligen, 1 ?, 1908, Iectotvpe of sentipostictta.

Cerodontha (Dizygornyza) bicolorat.r sp. n. (Fig. 1ea) Heao. Frons (including orbits) broad, almost tr.vice rvidth of _el'e,__orbits also broad, together equal to rvidrh of fr-ons between their inner margins; 2_equal reclinate.ors,.2 largely in6urved oii, orbital setulae sparse; lunule broad, slightly l-righer than_ semicircle;. jowls narrow, 1/ro vertical eye height, only-slightlv deeper at rear; third antennal segment similar in both sexes, relatir-ely large, rounded at end, slightly longer than broad; arista thickened at base, almost bare, AllosoNoruv. 3f 1 dc, acr somewhat irregular, in 4 or 5 rou"s. WrNc. Length 2.7-3 mm, costa extending strongly to vein m'*r, last section of m* 1% times Iength of penultimate. Lacs. Nlid-tibiae u.ithout lateral bristles. Cor-on. Frons sooty-black, orbits slightly paler and rveakly shining; lunule distinctly more grayish; antennae deep black; mesonotum mat-black, not obvioush'_ gray; sides of tl-rorax-black apart from bright yellorv upper margin of mesopleura; legs black apart from fore-knees rvhiil-r are narrowly but distinctly yellolv; abdomen with first 3 tergites bright yellou.', possibly slightly darkencd centrally, otheru'ise shining black; squamae and fringe yellolr'. A{er-n GaNIr.tr.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 194, distal tubules scarcely diverging' Tvpr:s. Holotype 6, British Columbia. Terrace, 5 June 1960 (C.H.M.); paratvpes: same loiality, 26 6, 5? ?, 8 -fune (\'V.W.M.); 19, 5 June (C.fl.ifl.);1?, 11 June (J.G.C.); North Carolina, Highlands, l?,7 JuW 1957 (J.R.V.); 19, 16 July (!V.R.R.); Great Smoky NIt. Nat. Park, 1_9, 18 June 1957 (JRV.); Clingman'sDome, 3I 9,6 Aug. 1957 (C.J.Durden)l Tennessee, Indian Gap, G.S.I,1.N.P., 1 9 , 3 Aug. 1957 (C.D.Hines); Indian Gap to Clingman's Dome' 5,2b0-6,600 ft, 1?, 6 Aug. tSSZ (J.C.C.). Holotype, No' 10390, and ParatyPes in CNC, four paratypes in author's collection' Dr.qcNosrs. This species is immediately distinguishable bythe bright y._ellolv front tergites from all others knorvn in North America. Diz. bimaculata (Mg.),

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv a rear-miner on r,,i,"o"',1n.#;.:T: ;,:":;^ilffi. cororation n", ;: male third antennal segment is inlarged, tire lunule is lower, and the two m' sections are equal.

Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) bu'tomontyzina sp' n' (Figs. 196, 197) Hreo. Frons not pro]ecring abor-e eve, 2 equal ors, 2 o.ri; 1unule large, higher than semicircle, approximatelv i" E-ig. 195A; eve large, upright, ]orvls narrow; tl-rird antennal segment in male small, round."J A,{osoNorurt. Fourth dc rvell developcd, acr irregularly in 6 rorvs, rveak Prsc present' Wrxc. Length in male 2.8 mm, last section of m.*, slightly shorter than penultimate, first cross-r'cin beforc midpoint of discal cell. Cor.on. Frons brorvnish black, orbits slightlv paler on inner side, lunule silr'crvi mesonorum largely mat, lrlackisl-r gray;-disiinctly pleura blail<, irpfcr margin of mesopleura_ onlv narrot'ly yellou,', leis 6lack but all kne-es yeliov'; rqur-"" I'ellorv, fringe .vellowish ochrous. A,I.cr.p Gsxrrerr.r. Acdeagus as in Figs. 196, I97, distal tubules slightly dir,erging; inner corner of surstyli strongly chitinizcd and rvith 4 strong bristlcs. Holorvpn 6 , Neu' Brunsrvick, Birch Cove, nr. Chamcook, 14 Aug. 1957 (G.E.S.), in CNC, No. 10391. Dr,tr;xosrs. The relativelv hiq'h lunule and yellorv knees on all legs make this species readily recognisablc. It clearl.i bclongs to the dngul&ta-group but the Prsc are wcaK.

~~Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) chaixiana (Groschke) (Fig.1e8) Phytobia (Dizygowyza) chaiilana Groschl~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 116 ME\IoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocICAL socIETY oF cANADA purcsr formality could this interpretation be considered as correct in the circum- stances and is noL here accepted. N'Ilrenr,rr Ererr rxoo. Alherta: Edmonton, Whitemud Cr., 1 6 ' 13 June 1966 (K.A'S'). Ontario: Ottala, i\'Ier Blcue, 5 d 3, 19, 3 June 1966 (J.F.NIcA', K'A'S'); Consrance Bay, 1d, 1?, 8 JulV 1967; Ottarva, Grecn Valley i\{otel and Rideau Locks, 3 ? 9; 9 Julv 1967; Ccntral lixperimental F-arm, l?, 17 July^ i967 (all K.A.S.); F{anvoocl Pl., Constance Bay Rd., s 6 6, | ?, 19 Julv 1967 (G'E'S')' Germany: Stuttgart, Wildpark, exPon choixii,Ieg.22 Dec. 1953 and 5 i\"Iar. 195'l (F. Groschl

C er otlontha ( D izy gomyzu ) eucaricis Nowakowski (Figs. 199, 200) CerotJonthd (.Btttotnontyzn) ertcuricis Nori.'akowski, 1967, p. 636. Holotype d from Poland in \'Varsa'u"'. Anur-r. Frons not projcctir-rg abor,e eve, evcn in front, 1/: times n'idth of et'e;4 strong orbiral bristles, all equal, loit"t,rir directcrl slightlv outrvardsl lunule higher than scmicircle but rclatirely broacl;'jorvls narrorv, onlr'slightly extcncled at rexr, cheeks linear; eye upright; thircl antennal segmcnt sntall, round; 3*1 dc, acr irregularlv in 6.rorvs, prsc prescnt but s-eali; riirrg lengtli u'7-l': nrnl, last scction of vein nr,,*, vcrv slightlv shorter than-pcnultimate; frons brorilish"lrlaclr, orbits rvealih'sl'rining; ncsonotunl rnodcrately shining, black; lcgs black bur lorcc on forc-fcrnora bright vcllorv; squanrae, including margin and fringe, bright vellorv. trl.qrr Grxrrerr.r. Acdeagus as in Figs. i99, 200; ri-ell-der-elopcd patch of bristlcs on sursn'li.

If osr-r,r..rrl/Bror.ocv. Core.r spp., Iarva forn.ring long, 1'e llou'ish ntine, pupating either in leaf or sometimes outside. Dts.r'nrnu:rrox. Alaska, Alberta, l{anitoba, Ontario; Europe. Ne'uv to Nortlr Amcrica. Rrrr.q,nrs. The clistinctit,e characters of this specics are the presencc of Prsc, the pale squamal frirrge, large, upright eye, bright t-cllorv fore-knees, and rela- tivclv large sizc. It closelv resemblcs D. cnricivoro in Europe but tlre out$'erdlv- direcrecl lorver ors is a distinguisl-rinq charactcr. (lroschlie (1957) originallv reared tl-ris spccies but it \\'es confused rvith ctricirort:t. He contmented on the unusual variabilitr,- in tl.rc color of the squanral frir-rge. In fact thc spccics rvith the darli srluln.ral frinqe reprcsents cdriciuorn l-nd the seconcl, othenvise scarcclrr distinguishable species, described bv Norval

N{.A.'nrer r',.,l"ulluo: "ron Alaslra: Fairbanks, | ? ,25 June 1962 (\,V.R.\L,\"I'). Alberta: Banff,2 6 6,2 ? ?, 1.-8 June 1922 (C.B.D.G.). Manitoba: Ninette, 1 6, 15 May 1952 (J.F.f lcA.). Ontario: Grand Bcnd, 1 6,22 Jttly 1939 (G.E.S.); Britannia, 16, 1 Junc 1948 (G.E.S.). Germany: Holstein, Pevesdorf, 1d, ex Carex,25 Feb. 1954 (Groschke), paratype of carici'"*ort.

Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) flaaocingulata (Strobl) (Irigs. 201-203 ) Dotnowyza flavocittgulctla Srrobl, 1909, p. 296. LectotyPe A in Admont. P lt y t a gr omy za fl av- o c itt gtil at a, Hendel, I93 1 -3 6, p. 2 8 i. Cerodontha (Poernyza)'fla'"'ocirtgulala, Nowakou's1

The sole records in North America of this species from the i\4aritimes suggest that it may have been introduced. As a grass-feeder its Presence in hay w-ould not be unbxpected. I have examined 4 6 6 and 2 e e syntypes, all in good condition and have selected one male, which is herewith designated as lectotYPe. Ntferpnrer Exel,irxrl. New Brunswick: Fredericton, | 6 ,23 June 1916 (J.D.T.). Nova Scotia: Lockeport, 1 3, 20 July and 1 ?, 2 Aug. 1958 (J.R.V.). Austria: Admont, 46 6,29 ? (Strobl), including male lectotype. Also five other European specimens.

Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) lrankensis sp. n' (Fig. 20a) HE,cn. Frons 1% times r.vidth of eye, not proiecting abovc eve in pLo{lc, 5 orbital bristlcs, the 2 lower ori incurvcd; orbital'setulae iparse, reclinate; orbirs rvcll diffcrcntiated, slightly raised, lunule narrow, slightty higher tl-ran sernicircle; jowls narrorv,'/o.vertical hcight of"eve in centre, deeper, % ev6 height-at rear; third antennal segment small, round, arista long, largely bare. l,{EsoNoruu. 3f 1 dc, decreasing in sizc regularlv, fourth pre-sutural pair half length of first; acr irregular, in some 5 roris, 2 slendei longer bristlei beloru rePresenting weak pre-scutellars. Wr:rc. Lengtl-r 2.6 mm, costa cnding at termination of r-ein t,*r, last section of vcin m.*n ]usr less thanJ times penuitimate, first iross-vein slightli' before centre of snrall discal ccll. Cor.on. Frons in front black, behind dirtv yellorv, orbits and antennae cntirely black; mesonotum black, faintlv tinged rvith gray, only rveakly shining, slightlv more so from behincl; pleura blacl<, upper margin of mesopleura nartorvly bright vellorv; fcmora blacl<, all l

Ceroclonrha (Dizygomyza) gibbardi sp. n. (Figs. 205, 206) HEeo (Fig. 205). Frons distinctly projecting atrove eyc in front, tu'ice u'iclth.of n'e; orbits t'cll diffirentiated, v,idcning towards base of antennae;2 ors, thc upper conspicuously stronger,2 equal ori, orbital setulae sparse, inclinccl or reclinatc; lunule sotncl'hat higher than semicircle (Fig. 195A); jor.r'ls deeply extended at rear, cheeks forming distinct ring

Frcs. 199 2OO, Cerodontl:d (.Diz.) eucdricis: 199, aedeagus, side vicrv; 200, same, r'entral vicrv. Frcs. 201-203, Cer. (Diz.) flauocingilata: 201, aedeagus, side vierv; 202, same, ventral viervl 203, epandrium. Frc. 201, Cer. (Diz.) frankensis: aedeagus. Frcs. 205-206, Cer. (Diz.) gibbardi: 205, head; 206, aedeagus.

bclou'eye; eye slanring; third antcnnal segment small in both scxcs, slightly longer than broad, roundcd at cnd; arista thickened at base, only slightlv pubescent. X,Iosoxolr,l.. 3f1 strong dc, acr regular, iu'{ rolys, prsc rvell developed. Wrxc. Length in male 2.* nrm, in fcmalc 1.6-2.8 rnm, last and penultimate sections of vein m"*, equal, first cross-r-ein u-ell ber-ond midpoint of discal ccll. Cor-on. Flons dull brorvnish-black, orbits entirclv shining blaci<; mcsonotum largely mat, blacl

C er odontha ( D i zy gorny za ) ktbracl'orensis sp. n. (Figs. 207, 208) Haeo (Fig.207). Frons exceptionallv broad,2/2 to 3 times u-idth of eve, verl'con_- spicuouslv projicting atror-e eye, paiticularlv torvards base of antennac; orbits unusually broad, rvith orbital bristlcs on inncr margin, these irrcgular, normallv 2 ors and 3 ori, but sometimes 6 on one siclc and only 4 on othci; orbital setulae also irregular, proclinate in front, reclinate behind; lunule large,'semicircular; jorvls deepest at rear, ihceks forming broad ring bclorv eye; third antennal segment in male enlarged, someu'hat ckrngated, cot-etcd rvith fine, short pubescence, distinctlr- smaller in fcmale; arista thickened in basal half, fine, largely bare bevond. N{nsoNorclr. 3f 1 stlong dc, acr sparse, irrcgularlv in 4 rou's. lVrxc. Length from 2.6 mm in male to 2.8 mm in female; last section of vein m.n, slightlv longcr than penultimate. Cot.on. Frons mat bro$.nish black, distinctly vcllorv adjoining orbits, these rveakly shining, blackish grav; mesonotum largelv nrat, blackish grar', mesoplcura sinilar u'ith bright ycllorv upper margin; lcgs entirelv blaclr, apart from yellorv tips of forc-fenora; abdomen moderatelv shining, blaclrish grav, tergites r,r'ith narrov- yellorv hind-margins; squamae and fringe vcllou'ish, margins slightly darkcr, brorvnish. A{ern, GENrr.+r-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 208, sperm sac r.vith broad stalk. Tvpes. Holotype d, Labrador, Hebron, 5 Aug. 195,1 (E.E.S.); paratypes, 2 6 6, same data; Labrador, Nagvak Fiord, Tessiujak Bav, 1d, 1?, 15 Aug. 1954 (J.F.i\IcA.). Holotype, No. 10394, and three paratypcs in CNC, one paratype in author's collection. Drecxosts. This species is immcdiatelv distinguishable bv the distinctive head shape and broad frons. The genitalia arc verv close to Diz. thtlensls and it is plausible to assume that the two are sister-species.

~~Ceroilontha (Dizygornyza) luctuosa (Meigen, f830) (Fig. 20e) Agromyza luctuosa N4eigen, 1830, p. 182. Lectotvpe d, designated by Nou'a- kor.vski. 1967 . in Vienna.~~

Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) morosa (Meigen, fB30) (Fig. 210) Agrowyzamorosd l,Ieigen, 1830, p. 170. Holotvpe 6 in Vienna. Dizyg'otnyztt Tvtorosd) Hendel, 1920, p. 132; 1931-36, p. 90. Phytobia (Dizygowyza) morosa, Frick, 1959, p. 385. Cerodonthu (.Dizygornyza) morosa, Nou,akowski, 1967, p. 641. Agrowyza magnicornis Loew, 1869, p. 46, syn. nov. Hoiotype 6 in MCZ. Phytobia (Dizy gowyza) rnagnicornis, Frick, 1952, p. 396; 1959, p. 384. Aourr. Rclativelv sn-rall species, v'ing lcngth up to 1.4 mnr. last scction of vein m.*n equal to or only slightly longei than pen.,ltinraie; frbns only slightly projccting abovc cve torvards basc of antcnnae; third antennal segment greatly cnlargcd in male; mcsonotum distinctly grar- rather than black, notopleural area ahi-avs ycllowish; al1 knees bright yellorv; abdomcn normallv conspicuously ycllorv at sides of front tcrgites, wl-ricl-r also have hind- margin vellou'. A{ar.B Gtxrrelia. Aedcagus as in Fig" 210. Hosr-prexr/Brorocv. Carex spp., larva forming long, whitish leaf-mine, n'.^^ti^^;^ I^^f r"y"..,,5rlrrLdlt Dtslrnrnu:rroN. Ontario, Qucbec; U.S.A.; Japan; rvidcspread in Europe. Rru.qnrs. This species is readily recognisable by the yellow knees and notopleura. It is distinguishable from D. thorupsoni, in r.vhich the notopleura are

~~%, @'r\ W 216~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv arso sornetim., r.,,"-;;;ffi:ffi;;;:#;i; sma'er size , J.l examined the h6lotype of magnicornis indit is clearly identical with morosa, with which it is now synonymised. Meronrer- ExentrNrr. Ontario: Simcoe, | 6, g June 1939 (G.E.S.); Constance Bay, 1 6, 8 July 1967 (K.A.s.). Quebec: \4'akefield, 19, g !u|y 1946 (G.E.S.); Gatineau, | 6, 6 Jdy 1967 (K.A.S.). Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) scitpi (Karl) (Figs.211' 212) Dizy gotnyza scirpi Karl, 1926, p. 117 . Lectotype 6 , designated by Nowakowski, 1967, in Warsaw. Dizygozn:yza (Poemyza) scirpi (as scutellari.r v.Ros.), Hendel, l93l-36, p' 48' Cerodontha (Butornomyza) scirpi, Norvakowski, 1967, p. 638' Aour,r. A generally clark species; 2 ors, the lower_ distinctly_ more incurved than outer, 2, 3, ir 4 strong'ori; luirule U-Jhaped; mesonotum with acr in 6 rows'_ Prsc normally well dl""loped but v?riabie; only foreJ

Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) scirpioord sp. n. (Figs. 213-216) Heao (Fig.213). Frons 1% times width of eye, not p-rojecting above.eye in profile;,2 equal,or the lower slightly reclinate ot., .fi" upper sometimes slightly"preiominlntly longer, 2 incurved _ori, weaker; o.bital .etoiae short, sparse, reclinate but I br 2 in front proclinate;

Frcs. 207-208, Cerod.ontha (Di.zygomyza) Iabradorensis; 207, head; 208, aedeagus. IIc. 109' Cer. (Diz.) luctuosa, aedeagus.- FIc. 210, Cer. (Diz.) lnorosai aedeagus. Frcs' 2ll-272, Cer. (Diz.) sc|rpi.: 211, aedeagu"s, side vierv; 212, distiphallus, ventral view. Frcs. 273-216, Cer' (D.iz.) scirpiaora: 213, hJed; 214, aedeagus, side viiw; 215, surstylus; 276, lral mouth-Parts.

orbirs u,ell de6ned, slightlv rviclening belorv, lunule large, slightly lrigher.than scmicircle; cve large, upright, jou'ls n-arrorv, r.rr."li.' cxtended at .rcar, 'rn c1'e__heighr;.third antcnnal. scgment {isiinctly Jntarged in male, rvith thick, short pubescence, small, round in female; arista long, .liohtlrr n,rheqncnt N{esosorr,rr, 3*1 dc, fourth sometimes little st.ronger than acr, thcse in 6 rorvs in front, extending in at least .+ rows to first dc; prsc u'eak, slender, normally differentiated but some- tinres little strongcr than acr. Wrxc. Length from 2.2 mm in nale to 2.r+ mm in fcmalc, last section of vein m*, iusJ less than 1% times length of penultimate, first cross-r'ein slightlv before midpoint of discal cell. Colon. Frons brorvnish black, orbits slightly paler; lunule blackish graY, antcnnae black; mesonotum blackish gral', largelv mat but u'ith lveal< subshine; pleura black, upper margin of mesopleura narrorvlv ycllorv; legs: black, only l

Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) thompsoni (Frick) cornb. nov. (Fig.217) Phytobict (Dizy gotnyza) thompsoni Frick, 1952, p. 396 1957 , p' Lectotype d in USNM. Anulr. A large, stout spccies,',ving length from 3.2 mm in male to 3.4 mm in female; last section of vein n.r, normall,u- equal to penultimate, at nlost slightlv longer; frons and orbits brorvnish black, lunule largc, semicilcular, basicallv brorvn but frequently tinged u'ith silver or reddish in lo*'er half ;- third anrennal scgment enlarged but r'r'ithout conspicuous pubescence; mesonotum mar black, notopleural area normally paler, someu'hat yellorvish; legs rvith all knces bright vellou'; abdomen blacl<. i\IrI-e GoNrr.A,r.rl. Acdeagus as in Fig.217; male rvith enlarged knob on ninth tergitc, blacl< or sornctimes palcr (not ahvays r-cllorv as implicd by Frick 1959, p. 385). Hosr-pr,qNt,/Brorocv. Iris uersicolor and Typltd sp., larva feeding er- clusively as leaf-miner, the mine developinq dorvn tou'ards thc leaf-base where pupation takes place. According to Claasscir (1918, p. 13) a gall develops around ihe puparium in the innermost leaf when growth is resumed in early sPIing; onl)' a single gall is found on each plant, alu.'avs on the Voungest, inncrmost leaf, v'hile no such development occurs r.vith the puparia in the older, outer leaves. Claassen includes 20 figures of the entire life-history of this species. The gall is also illustrared by Thompson (1907), who states that the gall occurs on the outermost leaf.

Dlstnrrurtox. Ontario, Quebec; u'idcsprcad in Eastem LT.S.A. Rnrr,c.nrs. This species is essentiallv a leaf-miner and the gall formation develops not as a result of the active feeding of the larva but secondarily, bv the reaction of the growing plant tissue to the puparium imbcdded u'ithin. I have recently sccn a closelv-related but smaller species forming leaf-mines on lris sp. in Florida. Tl'ris species rvill be described later. I'{.q.runrer Er.qlr rir l;o. Ontario: Roc)

Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) thulensis Griffiths (Figs. 218, 219) Cerodonthn (Dizygornyza) thulensis Griffitl-rs, 1966, p. 9. Holotvpe d in Copenhagen. Aour-r. I'Iodcrate-sized spccics, rving ler-rgth up to 2.7 mm, last scction of m*, slightlv lorrgcr than pcnultimate; orbits not significantlv projecting abor,e evc in profilc; third antennal segmenr in malc enlargcd (Fig.218), arista distinctlv srvollcr-r at base, fine, barc in uppcr l-ralf; acr in 5 irregular rorvs; legs black, apart from slightly vcllor.r'l

Cerodontha (Dizygornyza) tiltinur sp. n. (Figs. 220, 221) Hn.qo. Frons not projccting abovc cve,2 ors, thc upper sliglitlv stronger,2 ori; lunule broad, senricircular; (dcpth of jo.,rls not detcctablc, hcad collapsed); thirci antcnnal segment greath'cnlarged in nrale, finely putrescenr. llnsosorulr. Filst tlc littlc shorter than third, acr irregularly in 4 rou's, prsc rveal<. Wrrc. Lcngth in nralc 2.2 nlnr, last scction of rr.,., longcr than peuultirnatc, in ratio l8:2'1. Cor-on. Frons [rlacl<, orbits distinctlr- grav; nrcsonotunl nlet-grar.i plcura blacl<, upper margin of nrcsopleura narror,vly r-cllolr; lcgs [rlacl<, a]l knees briglrt velkrrv; rving base cc.rn- spicuouslv t'cllor', s(luanrac and flinge t'ellori-. \Icr.o Clstr-rr.tr. Acdeagus as in Fig.22O, distal tubulcs parallel; surstvli v'ith patch of bristlcs on inner corncr (ltig.221)1 conspiclrous knob on cpandriun at basc of cerci. HosL'-r,rrxr/Brorocr-. Scirpus sp. or Ctrer sp., details not definitely established.

~~221~~

Cerod'ontha (Dizygomyza) yukonensls sp. n. (Figs.222-224) Floeo. Frons twice width of eye, pro]ecting above eye throughout irs length; orbital bristles somewhat irregular but normally ) equal ors (upper sometimes stronger) and 2 equal ori; orbital setulae slight, sparse, reclinate; eye large, upright; jorvls deepest at rear' there Y+ vertical height of thi.d antennal segment i'irtually round (Fig. 222), not.enlarged in male, wiih only "ye;ihort pubescence; arisia conspicuously thickened in lower third, fine, appearing bare above. Mnsoxorun. Acr irregular, in 4 to 5 rows, 3{1 dc, decreasing in size regularly, fourth short but strong. WrNc. Length 3 mm, last section of vein m.,n slightly longer than penultimate, first cross-vein at centre of discal cell, conspicuously oblique. Mern GBNrrerre. Aedeagus (Fig.223) long, with distinctive curvature, the two tubules parallel, adjoining; sperm sac with stalk broad (Fig. 224). Cor.on. Frons dark brownish-black, orbits similar, slightly paler adjoining frons, lunule black but faintly silvery; mesonomm mat blackish gray, rvith only faintest subshine; iegs black, fore-knee only slightly paler, yellowish; abdomen shining black; uing veins conspicuously dark, brownish black; squamae yellowish at base but distinctly grayish towards margin, this pale brown, fringe yellorvish brown. Tvpps. Holotype 6, Yukon Terr., North Fork Pass, Ogilvie NIts., 4100 ft, 17 June 1962; paratypes: 16, same data (both R.E.L.); 16, 16 June (P.J.S.). Holotype, No. 10396, and one paratype in CNC, one paratype in author's collection. DtecNosts. This species belongs to the luctuosa-group but is readily distinguishable by the small third antennal segment in the male, the distinctive arista, and the slightly darkened squamae.

Sus-cnxus Poernyza Hendel Dizygomyza (Poemyza) Hendel, 1931, p. 35. Type of sub-genus: Agromyza pyg?naed Meigen, 1830, p. 183. Phytobia (Poemyza), Frick, 1952, p. 391; 1959, p. 379. Cerodontha (Poemyza),Nowakowski, 7962, p. 102; 1967, p. 645. Lunule higher than semicircle but variable, very high and narrorv (pygmaea), narrow but lower (inconspicua) or more triangular (atrn sensu Hendel in Europe); orbits pronounced, generally raised above frons; wing relatively broad, never more than 2% times as long as broad; abdomen broad.

Frc.217, Cer. (Diz.) thornpsoni: aedeagus. FIcs. 218-219, Cer. (Diz.) thulensis: 218, third antennal segment; 219, aedeagus. Frcs. 220-221, Cer. (Diz.) ultima: 220, aedeagus; 221, surstylus. Frcs. 222-22+, Cer. (Diz.) yukonensis: 222, third antennal segment; 223, aedeagus; 224, sperm sac.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 128 MEMoIRS oF THE SOCIETY OF CANADA Tlre genitalia of these species shor,v some vafiation. In the py gwded-gr2uP the distal"tubules of the ae

C er otlontha ( P oem'y za ) calarnagr ostidis Nowakowski (Fig. 225) Cerodotttha (Poernyza) calamagrostidis Nov'akowski, i967, p, 648. Holotype in Warsarv. Aor,r.r. Frons and olbirs not pro]ecting above eye in profile but orbits strikingly. dif- ferentiared by the palcr color from ihe'darke"r frons; 2'ors and 2 ori, the_ upper three bristles equal, lo'nvcr'1lri so'mervtrat vrealrer'; orbital setulae sparse, r-eclinate; lunule high and narrow' upper margin extcnding to lcvci of lou'er ors; narrow, deepest at rear' tl-rere l! e)'c -segment ]orvls ncrgtit; tniia anrennal snrall, round, arista sligl'rtly. pubesccnt; 3*0 dc, third ncar s.,tire, 10.""L, about l-ralf lingth of first; acr somc'nvhat iircgular, in 5 rorvs_; r'ving length frorn 2 to 2.3 mrn in both sexes, list scction of vcin mr* variable but ahvays at least slightly longer .h^-,.--.,lti-.-t^ Coron. Orbits and arca above adjoining ocellar triangle bright ycllor.v; frons black, lunulc slightly paler; jorvls brorvnish yellor.l', iace somer.vhat shining black, antennae cntirely black apirt ?rotn veilow upper maigin of nresopleura; lcgs: coxae black, femora black basallv 6ut distally'L to % biight lellorv, tibiac and tarsi brorvnish; abdomen entirely black, squanac 1-cllorv, nargin and fringe dark, brorvnish black. A,{,tB GrNlrelre. Acdcagus rvith r-cry long distal tubules, conspicuously dilated at end (Fig.225). Hosr-pr.qxr/Brorocv. Caldmag'rostls spp., details of leaf-mine not so far published. Drs'rnrnurrox. Alberta; Europe. Rnrr.cnris. P. calamag'rostidis is not externallv distinguishable from Poemyza tnrLscina but the genitalia are entirely distinct. Thrce females from Alberta, Red I)eer, 12 June 1966; Jasper, 16 June 1966; and British Colurnbia, Prince George, 17 June 1966 (all K.A.S.), are onlY tentatively referred to this spccies, pending further clarification of the exact range of P. rtntscintt. Me.rrnrer, Ex,qlrrNoo.

~~Allrerta: Edmonton, Univ. Campus, 1 6 , 23 June 1966; 19 , 5 July 1966 (K.A.S.), \,Vhitemud Cr., 1 d , | ? ,23 June 1966 (K.A.S., V.K.S.).~~

Cerodontha (Poemyza) incistt (ifleigen) (Fig. 226) Agrornyzn incisa Nleigen, 1830, p. 182. Holotvpe 6 in Vienna. Dizygomyzt ittcisa, Hendel, 1920, p. 135. Dizygotnyzt (Poemyza) incisa, Hendel, 1931-36, p. 38. Pltytobin (Poemyza) ittcisa, Frick, 7959, p. 381. Cerodontha (Poernyza) fzzclsrt, Norvakowski, 1967, p, 651. Anul.r. Nloderare-sized species, rving lcngth around 2.5 mm, discal cell small, last section of vein nr"*, conspicuously longer than penultiriatc; frons entirely black, orbits shining; lunule

~~high and narror,"-; mcsonorum mat, gray-black; lcgs largely black, forc-knees faintly r''cllorvish; squamae and fringe yellow. NLgr Goxrr.{r-rA. Aedeagus as in Fig. 226,also illustrated by Norval~~

~~C erodontha ( P oem'y za r t"r;?:';fr"a ( llalloch ) comb. nov.~~

~~Agrom.yza ittcottspiuta Malloch, t9l3o, p. 310. Holotvpe d from Colorado in USNI,{ (not ? as stated by Shervell 1953, p.466). Phytobia (Poemyza) incottspicua, Frick, 1959, p. 381.~~

Frc. 225, Cerodotztha (Poemyza) calantagrostidis: aedeagus. Frc.226, Cer. (Po.) ittcin: aedeagus. Ftc.227, Cer. (Po.) inconspicua: aedeagus. Frcs.228-229, Cer. (Po.) tttuscint: 228, aedeagus; 229, posterior spiracles of puparium. Frc, 210, Cer. (Po.) pallidiciliata: aeoeagus,

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv **,,"-*,::: Aourr. r-"u*."*:ffi*'iast :"J';;":,T"i;T:"quentry more. up to 2.6 mm in femalesl sEction of m,* equal to or at most slightly longer than penultimate; lunule high and narrow, frons entirely dark; all knees bright yellow. Mer-o GnNrrer,re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 227, drstal tubules parallel below, diverging in last section extending forwards, Lenve/Pupenrurt. Posterior spiracles of holotype illustrated by Frick (1959, figs. 7l-73). Hosr-preNr/Brorocv. Agropyron and probably other Gramineae, details of leaf-mine unrecorded. DrstnrsvrroN. Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec; U.S.A.: Colorado. Rnr,rems. This species somewhat resembles incisa but the lunule is lower, all knees are conspicuously yellow, and the two sections of m,*n are generally equal (last section shorter in incisa\. ' The distal tubules of the aedeagus show only a slight dilation at the apex but otherwise the genitalia are typical of the sub-genus. This is a widespread and common species throughout Canada. It closely resembles P. deschampsiae Spencer, a common leaf-miner on Descharnpsia in Europe. A{,c.rnnrer Exarnrn ou, Alberta: Edmonton, 14,13 June,3I9,20 June 1966; Elk Is. Park, 16' 19, 7 June 1966, George L. 2 6 6, 3 9 9, 6 Iuly 1966; Jasper, 1 9, 16 June 1966; Wabamun L., 7 6 6, 11 I 9, l-J JuIy 1966; Blairmore, 16, 26 June 1966; Flatbush, 29 9,6 July 1966 (all K.A.S.); Elkwater L,26 6, 12 June and 2l July 1e56 (O.P.). British Columbia: Prince George, 29 9,18 June 1966 (K.A.S.). Manitoba: Ninette, 2e 9,11 June and 15 July 1958 (J.F.McA.); 9 mi N. of Forrest, 1 3 ,29 July 1958 (J.G.C.).

Ontario: Mer Bleue, 1 9 , 3 June 1966 (K.A.S.) ; 1 a , 12 July 1954 (W.R.M.M.) ; Midland, I g ,20 Aug. 1955 (J.G.C.); Fort Frances, 2 I 9 , 15 July 1960 (I .A.K., A.G.W.); Maynooth, 19, 19 June 1953 (J.F.McA.); Simcoe, 1a, 1 July 1939 (G.E.S.).

Quebec: Beech Grove, I I ,25 June 1951 (J.F.McA.). Cerodontha (Poemyza) lateralis (Macquart) Agromyza lateralis Macquart, 1835. Types not in Paris, believed lost. Dizy gomyza lateralis, Hendel, 1920, p. 137. Dizygomyza (Poemyza) lateralis, Hendel, 193l-36, p. 40. Agromyza coquilletti Malloch, Hendel, 1920, p. 137. Holotype 9 in USNM' Phytobia (Poemyza) lateralis, Frick, 1953, p.70;1959, p. 381. Cerodontha (Dizy gomyza) lateralis, Nowakowski, 1967, p. 650. Arulr. Distinctive species with orbits and frons, also notopleural area bright yellow; all knees yellow. Hosr-preNr/Brorocv. Larva feeding as leaf-miner on many genera of the Gramineae, with records in North America on Aaend, Elynrus, Hordeum, Triticum, and Zea (Frick 1959, p. 382), also Agropyron in Canada. Drsrnrnur.rou. Alaska, Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Northwest Terr., Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Terr.; widespread in United States; Europe; Japan.

Alberta: Black Foot Hills, 5 6 6 ,72 I ? , 9 Aug. 19'+0 (A.R.B.); Edmonton, 1 6 , 23 \h1' 1967 tV.K.S.). Manitoba: Treesbank, 5 6 6,2 e e,15 June 1915 (N.C.);Aweme, 2 9 9,4 Aug. 1917 (N.C.);1?,3 Julv 1922 (H.A.R.). New Brunswick: Wimblcdon, 1 6 , ex Agropyron, JuIv 1915 (C.A.). North*'est Terr.: Yellor.vknife, 3 A A, 1 ?, 3-5 June 1953 (J.GC.). Ontario: Simcoe, + 6 6,15 June 1939 (G.E.S.); Grand Bend, 1 6, 19 July 1939 (G.E.S.) ; Ottawa, I ? ,21 tr{ay 1946 (A.8.), Quebec: Rupert House, 16 , 29 Julv 1940 (E.J.L"); IIe de I'Iontreal, 1 6, 1 9, 5 Aug. 1906 (Beaulieu). Saslratchewan: Saskatoon,26 d,25Aug. 1923;23 6,6and22 Aug. 1927, 16' 26 Julv 1930 (King);29 9,.1 and 22 July i930 (King);16,3I Q, 16 Aug. 1939; Pheasant Cr., 1 d, 13 Julv 1937 (A.R.B.); Great Deer, 1 e, 8 Sept. 1950 (J.R;v.). Yukon Terr.: Rampart House, 1?, 2 June 1951 (C.C.L.).

Cerodontha (Poemyzc) muscina (Meigen) (Figs. 228, 229) Agrorrryza nftrsciiifi N{eigen, 1830, p. 177. Lectotvpe in Vienna, designated by Nou.'akos'ski, 1967. Dizygornyzn (Poernyzd) Ttluscittdl Hendel, 1931-36, p. *1. Phytobid (.Poeruyzn) l?nrsciTtd) Frick, 1959, p. 382. Ce'rodontha (Poemyza) ntuscittd, Norvakorvski, 7967, p. 619. Agrotnyztt mffgilt(ttd Loe$', Ilelander, 1913, p.256. Holotl.pe a in I{CZ. Anurr. Indistinguishable on cxtcrnal charactcrs frorn Poentyztr calamagrostidis (cf. p. 128). Xl.rr-p GEsrurr.r. Acdcagus as in liig.228, conspicuously rotatcd, distal tubulcs short. L.cRyr/Puplnrrru. Postcrior spiracles greatlv elongatcd (Fig. 229), also illustrated by Hering (1957, \ro1.3, fig.305);puparium sl.rining black, ri'ith purplisl.r tinge. Hosr-pr.qxr/Brorocr. Numerous genera of the Gramineae, l

Newfoundland: Labrador, Cartwright, 1? , 27 June 1955 (E.F.C.); St, John's, 2 ? 9,5 June 19+9 (H.K.). Northwest Terr.: Muskox L., 64o+5' N., 108o 10' W., 2 6 6 ,20 and 25 July 1953 (J.G.c.). Nova Scotia: Lockeport, 1d, 30 Julv 1958 (J.R.V.). Ontario: AIarmora,36 3,49 ?,28-30 Apr. 1952 (J.F.r\/tcA.); Almonte, 16, 1e, 18 May 1951 (J.F.N{cA.); Maynootl'r, 1i,2+ trlay 1951 (J.F.rVIcA.); Ottawa, 26 6,5 July 1938 and 19July 1946 (G.E.S.); 16, l Sept. 1908 (J.F.); 16, 28 N,{ay 1957 (J.G.C.); Vincent ,\'{assey Park, 2 6 6 ,3 ? ?, 3 Junc 1966 (K.A.S.); Simcoe, | 9,l7 June i938 (G.E.S.). Quebec: Kazubazua, 19,4 June 1937 (O.P.); Abbotsford,2? 9,22 \Iay 1936 and 25 N4av 1937 (G.E.S.); Old Chelsez, 19, 8 X{ay 1918 (G.E.S.); Wakcfield, 1?,9 July 19+6 (G.E.S.);C.p Rouge, 19,4 July 1953 (R.L.); Gatineau Parh, 1 d, 6 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Yukon Terr.: North Fork Crossing, tr{ile 42,Pecl Plr. Rd., 3500 ft, | 3,27 June 1962 (P.J.S.)l Dawson, 19, 10 June 1949 (W.\V.J.).

Cerodontha (Poemyzu) pallidiciliata sp. n. (Fig. 230) Aourr. Exactly es in Poeml,za calamagrostidis, tparr from trvo characters: abdomcn v'ith front tergites broadly vcllorv laterally and squamae entirely yellorv, including margin and fringe. N'I-qm GrNrr'rr.r,l. Aedeagus as in Fig. 210, distal tubules finc, Iong, u.ithout significant cur\rature, not dilated at apcx. Typrs. Holotype 6, Ontario, Blackburn, 2T June 1955 (J.F.N,{cA.); paratype d, Alaska, Big Delta,3 July 1951 (J.R.I'1cG.). Both in CNC, No. 10397. Dt-+csosts. The v-ellow orbits and broadly vcllorv femora immcdiatelv associate rhis spccies *:ith rh. Tntrscint:t-group bri it is rcadilv distinguishable by the pale squamal fringe.

~~Cerodontha (Poemyza) pygntaea (Meigen ) (Fig. 231) Agromyzn pygnTded I,Ieigen, 1830, p. 1t33. Holotvpe (sexl) in Vienna. Dizygomyzu pygwded, Hendel, 1920, p. 135.~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 13+ MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoGIcAL socIETY oF cANADA Dizy gomyza (P oemyzu) py grnaea, Hendel, l21l-36,- P' 4,7', Ctio"doniho (Poentyza) pygrnaea, Nowakowski, 1967, p' 651' Dizygomyzu'(Poemyzi)'pigmetli tlendel, 193l-36, p' 48, tytt' ttoo' Holotype 6 from Kamchatka in Helsinki. not yellow. Anurr. Essentially as in Poemyza incisabttt squamal fringe dark brown, Mer.e GrNrrer-ra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 231. Lenve.PosteriorspiraclessimilartothoseofincisabrttindividualProcessessmaller' illustrated by Hendel (19]l-36, fig. 47 ). Hosr-pleNrr/Btorocv. Gramineae, known in Europe from following genera: leaf-mine, three Bracbypodium, bromus, Dactvlis, Festuca; larvae pupat. i" 'l: or fo"i frequently found together; puparium blacli. finged with purple DrsrnrnurroN. Alaska, Labrador, Ontario, Quebec; Kamchatka; widespread in Europe. New to North America. Ronrems. This s$epies is immediately distinguishable from the otherwise similar species. incisa (Mg.), by the dark squamal fringe' Heridel described pZri*yln pygmella on the bas-is of four specimens from Kamchatka, the three main characters seParating it from pygmded belng the broader frons, the shorter last section of vein mn-in relation to the penultimate section, and the more mat mesonotum' I have examined three of the four type specimens. I have also- seen 46 specimens from Alaska which unquestionabiy represent the same population as those from Kamchatka and, furrher,'a single female from the Tatra Mts.. Czechoslovakia, from an altitude of Slg m consider"ed to represe nt py gmellu by Hendel and more recently by Nowakowski. I have seen numerous specimens of pygrnaet M9from Europe. from many localities from Tenerife, Canary Islands, in the south to Stockholm in the north' Themalegenitaliaofpl,gwellaandpygmaeaareidentical.Thebroader frons in pyg*riln consideredty Hendel as aspecific character is not valid in the l"rg., ,r-pie I have seen. There is considera6le overlapping in the frons to eye ratio in py gmella and py gmaea. Tf," *"i"g length'if"pygmelta is generally, although not invariably, slightly greater than ii py[*nro.'if.-o-"u"., ii the sample I have examined the discal cell inpygtnettai, larger than in pl,gtniea,thus giving the slightly smaller rad; ;f the last"oniirt.ntly to penultimatJ sections of vein mn detected by Hendel. In addition to the above material, I have examined seven specimens from Eastern Canada, one from Chimo in N. Quebec, two from Cartwright, Labrador, three from Ottawa, and one from Simcoe, Ont' The northern specimens from Chimo and Cartwright agree closely with py gtnella in wing length and the ratio of the m, sections but-theirons:eye ratio is that of pygrnaea' The three Ottawa specimens are variable, the characters in some cases suggesri1g pygmella, in others py g*oro. The male genitalia in these specirnens are also identical with those of of py gmellalnd py gtnaea whiCh have been examined' "ti"otn"ttIn the ligirt"of this evidence there are thfee_Possible hypotheses. Firstly, to treat pygmel"la as distinct species of northern diitribution, with the Ottawa and ^ Si-coe ipecimens possibly iepresenting pygTnclect. It is difficult to explain. the presence'of pygmiea in ttntario, altholgh it_could plausibly. have-spread there ivestwards from the coast where it might well have been introduced from Europe. Secondly, pygmelta might well t.pr.."t-tt the eastern end of a cline extending across Asia from W. Europe. Again, accepting the Ottawa population as an

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv inrroduction ,,"- ;"";;, ;.."'-J; ;il ;r"r:;;to the "",,n .""ij account for the mixed characters of the Ontario specimens. Thirdly, it seems possible that. py gmella merely rePr€sents a northern,. Phy:i.o- logical form of py gniaea. The larger size could well be an advantage. in .with- stinding the extreme cold through ihe long winters in the north and selection in this diriction seems plausible. The larger discal cell and broader frons could logically derive from'this larger size. - The identical genitalia in all specimens examined supports either the second or third hypothesis. Horvever, without more intermediate material, both between W. Eurofe and E. Siberia and also from south to north throughout its range,. it is not possible to make a positive decision between these two possibilities. In either case there is no justifiiation for treating pygmella as dtstinct and it is therefore synonymised with py gmaea herewith. The distribution of py gmaea is significantly more northern than incisa; it is particularly common in Alaska and itl range extends there even to the tundra. In Europe'it occurs commonly even in the most northern areas and a long series was reared by the author from Tenerife, Canary Islands. Mernnrer ExelarNnl. Alaska: Anchorage, 5 6 6, 7 g 9, 12-29 lune l95l (RSrB.)i.Kilg.Salmon, Naknek R., 96 a,lc 9, 10 July-8 Aug. (J.B.H., W.R.M.A{'); Naknek on tundra, 10 6 6, 5 9 9, 3 July- z Aug. (J.B.F{., W.R.M.M.); Cold Bay, on tun_dra, 163o'W., | 6, 2lAug. 1952-(W.R.M.M.); Unalakleet, 2 g 9, 24 June and 18 July 1961 (R.M.). Labrador: Cargwright, 1 6, 3 July 1955 (E.F.C.), I I , 17 June 1955 (E.E.S.). Ontario: Dundas, lg, 2+ June 1956 (O.P.); Ottawa, Vincent Massey Park, 2 6 6,1 9, 2 June 1966 (K.A.S.). Quebec: Fort Chimo, I A, I 9, 2 July 195a (J.G.McA.). Kamchatka: Bolscherjetsk, 19, 2 July l9l7; Ozerhaja,26 6, 28 and 30 July 1917 (all Wuorentaus). Many specimens also examined from Europe.

Cerodontha (Poemyza) simcoensis sp. n. (Fig. 212) HBen. Four (sometimes 5) equal orbital bristles, the 2 ori incurved, orbital setulae conspicuously long in front; orbits pronounced but not greatly widened, lunule narr,ow' uPper margin extending only to level oi upper ori; third antennal segment small, rounded at end. MnsoNoruu. Two strong dc, third and fourth when present, r.veak; acr in 4 rows. WrNc. Length 2.+2.6 mm, costa extending strongly to vein mr*r, Iast section of mr*n ]ust less than twice penultimate, second cross-vein normally conspicuously slanting' Cor-on. Frons, orbits, and antennae entirely black; mesonotum and pleura shining black; legs almost entirely black, though fore-knees faintly 1'ellow; squamae gray, fringe black. Mero GtNIrerre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 232, distal tubules entirely fused. Tvpos. Holotype 6, Ontario, Simcoe, 9 June 1939; paratypes: Simcoe, 36 6,29 9,8-13June (allG.E.S.);Chatham,29 9,2and l0June 1928 (Baird). Holotype, No. 10398, and five paratypes in CNC, two paratypes in author's collection. DrecNosIs. This is a particularly dark species, superficially resembling P. py gmde6 but readily distinguishable from it by the more shining mesonotum and

~~\\ .:i-=,:-- ,,-., \,~~

~~233~~

Frc. 231, Cerodorztha (Poemyza) pygmaed2 acdeagus. Frc. 232, Cer. (Po.) sitncoensis: redeagus. Frc. 233, Cer. (lcterotttyzt) calosottta: aidergus. Frc. 234. Cer. (lct.) capitdtfi: aedeagus. Frc.235, Cer, (lct.) churchillensis: acdcagus. Frc.236, Cer. (lct.) fuscifrons: aeoeagus.

~~darker wing base and squamae. The fused tubules of the distiphallus.suggest a closer relationship with-P. pallidiciliuta, which is the only other species in the genus with this form of aedeagus.~~

Sun-crxus lcterornyza Hendel Dizygomyza (Icterornyza) Hendel, 1931, p. 51. Type of sub-genus: Agromyza geniculata Fall6n, 1823a. Phytobia (Icteromyzd), Frick, 1952, p. 392; 1959, p. 385. Cerodontha (Icteromyza), Nowakowski,7962, p. 102; 1967, p' 654' Antennae widely separated, lunule normally semicircular -(higher in dark brown, triangle calosoma), frons usuaily y6llo* but in some species -ocellar extended, ar least in outiine, and frequently reaching margin of lunule; wings slender, 3 times as long as broad, discal-cell large; abdomen long, slender. Six species ,rJ- recorded for Canadai two of wtricl_i ire new and with one new io North"r" America. The form of the head, with the elongated ocellar triangle and large lunule and the slender wings and abdomen, make the sPecies in thls sub-genui readily recognisable. The male genitalia show some variation. The aedeag-us of the type of-the sub-genus, the European species I. geniutlata Fall6n, has-rather shori,^ paired tubuleJ with an enlarged process distally (illustrated by Nowakowski 1t62, fig. 1 t ) ; this shows some resemblance to Dizy gomyza species. I. churchillensis is soirervhat similar. In longipennis and fuscifrons the distal tubules of the aedeagus are very slender and greatly elongated. l. calosoma appears to be a somewhat-aberrant species and the genitalia approach the form of one group of the sub-genus Poemyza. k.o*tt hdsts arJEriophonrm (Cyperaceae) and luncu.r (Juncaceae).

( C e r o d. o ntha ( I c te r o my z a rr"*.riii Hendel ) comb. nov. r^" Dizygomyza (Icteromyza) calosoma H.ndel, 193l-36, P. 53. Lectotype I , designated by Nowakowski, 1967, p. 645, in Vienna. Cerodontha (Poemyza) calosoma, Nowakowski, 1967, p. 645. Arurr. Frons, jowls, face, first and second antennal segments bright yellow' .oqq.. orbits blackish, third-antennal segment black on outside, paler, more yellowish on inside; lunule higher than semicircle, alm-ost triangular; eye conspicuously pilose; coxae and femora bright ye-liow; wing length up to 3.9 mm in female, narlow, 3 times as long as broad, last section of m, shorter than penultimate; abdomen long and slender. Nilel-n GBNrrarre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 233. Hosr-prexr,/Brorocv. IJnknown, puparium orange-brown, deeply segmented, posterior spiracles arising from stout conical projection. DrsrnrnutroN. Alaska; northern Europe. New to North America. Rnr'renrs. This is a distinctive species, recognisable by the entircly yellow femora, pilose eyes. and relatively large size. Alt6ough the Danish specimen examined was reared by Schlick, unfortunately no record of the host-plant can now be found. Nowakowski (1967) transfers this species to the sub-genus Poencyza. This is not accepted. It is true that the lunule is higher than a semicircle and slightly higher than in the other species of Icteromyzabut it is substantially broader than in typical Poemyza species. The aedeagus certainly resembles that of some Poemyza species. More significant, however, is the general habitus and in par-

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 138 MEMoTRS oF THE ENToMoLocIcAL socIETY oF cANADA ticular the long, narrow wings, very large discal cell, and loug, slender abdomen, which are characteristic of this sub-genus. MerBnrer, Exal,lNen. Alaska: Unalakleet, 2 6 6 ,2 I I ,24 and 29 June 1961 (R.M.). Denmark: Raaden 8., 1 9, Apt. 1884 (Schlick). Finland: Lappland, no date, 19 (Palmgr6n), paralectotype (in Vienna, not Helsinki as stated by Hendel). Germany: Rtigen, 1 9, 2 Aug. (Hendel), lectotype.

Cerodontha (lcteromyza) eapitata (Zetterstedt) (Fig.21a) Agromyza cdpitatd Zetterstedt, 1818, p. 27 50. Lectotype 6 from Sweden, designated by Nowakowski, 1967, in Lund. Dizygomyza (Icteromyza) capitata, Hendel, I93l-36, p. 52. Phytobia (Icteromyza) capitata, Frick, 1959, p. 386. Cerodontha (Icteromyza) capitatu, Nowakowski. 1967, p. 651. Agrotnyza genualis Melander, 1913, p. 261; Frick, 1957, p. 202. Lectotype g in USNM. Agromyza coloradensis Malloch, l9l3a, p. 297;Frick, 1957, p. 202. Holotype 6 in USNM. Arur-r. Large species, wing length 2.5-3.5 mm, last and penultimate sections of vein m,* approximately equal; frons conspicuously proiecting above eye, bright orange-yellorv, upper orbits r-ariably blackish; jowls broad, deepest re^r; palps black; mesonotum entirely met-gray; legs black, all knees bright yellow. ^t Nlero GBNrrerra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 234. Hosr-pllNr/Brorocv. funcus spp., larva feeding inside stem and pupating at base. Drs:rnreurroN. Alaska, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario; widespread in Northern United States and in Europe. Rnlrenrs. This is the largest known species in the sub-genus. It is immediately recognisable among North American species by its size and black palps. Meronrel Erel,rrNeo.

Alaska: Unalakleet, 4 6 6 ,1 9, 18 July and 5 Aug. 1961 (B.S.H.). Albertar Nordegg, 1 6, 5 July 1923 (J.N{cD.); Banff, 2 6 6, +9 g, 12 July 1967 (K. Valley); Mt. Eisenhower, 1 6, 1 9, 27 July 1967 (B.A.Foote); Jasper' 2 6 6, 29 JuJv 1967 (S. Whitney). Manitoba: Fort Churchill, 2 6 6, | 9, 21 July and 12 Aug. 1952 (J.G.C.); Ninette, 1 9, 14 June 1958 (J.F.NtlcA.). Ontario: Grand Bend, 1 9, 4 July 1939 (G.E.S.).

~~Ceradontha (Icterornyza) churchillensis sp. n. (Fig. 235) A small species closely resembling I.fuscifrons ("f.p. 139), with following points of difference:~~

Aourr. Frons dark, shining black in upper half but yellorv belorv; eye virtually bare; antennae darker, second and third segments entireiy blacl<; mcsonotum less gray, more blackish but only moderatelv shining; wing slightly less slender, length 2.3-2.7 mm. N{er.E' Goxtrer.ra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 235, mesophallus pale, straight, tubules of distiphallus short, bending up to form right-angle with mesophallus and then diverging apically at an angle of 90". Tvpes. Holotype 6, Manitoba, Churchill, 12 Aog. 1952; paratypes: Churchill, I 6 , 3I July 1958; 12 9 9, 1-2 Aug. 1952; 3 ? 9, t1-15 Aug. 1952; Hudson Bay Rwy., Mile 505, | 6 ,76 July 1952 (all J.G.C.); Alaska, King Salmon, Naknek, I d , 1 Aug. 1952 (W.R.M.); California, Palm Springs, Palm Canyon, I A , 15 Mar. 1955 (W.R.R.). Holotype, No. 10399, and paratvpes in CNC, five paratypes in author's collection. Drecxosrs. This species is distinguishable from l. fuscifrons by the bare eyes and different coloration of the frons. The genitalia shor,v that it is not immediately related to fuscifrons but appears to be closer to the relatively common Palaearctic species, I. geniculata (Fall6n). The aedeagus of geniculafa was illustrated by Nowakowski (1962, fie. 11); the distal tubules do not bend upwards at the end of the mesophallus but onlv towards their apex and they do not divergc. The record from Palm Springs, Calif., presumably represents a relict population isolated since the end of the Pleistocene. I have previously identified specirnens from South Africa in this group as geniculatu (Spencer 1959, p. 301; 1961c, p. 339; 196+b, p. 31). Re-examination of part of this material now satisfies me that this is distinct.

Cerodontha (Icterornyza) tuscilrons sp. n, (Fig. 236) HBen. Frons approximatelv trvice u'idth of e1'e, not projecting above eye in profile; ocellar trianglc enlarged, extending to margin of lunule; this large, broad, slightly higher than semicircle; eye large, somewhat slanting, conspicuously pilose; jorvls deepest at rear, there % height of eye; third antennal segment round, bare, arista distinctly pubcsccnt. N4nsoNorulr. 3{1 strong dc, acr sparse, short, in 4 rorvs. WINc. Length 2.3 mm, last section of vein m,-n slightly longer than penultimate, first cross-vein iust before centre of discal ccll. Cor.on, Frons and orbits dark brown, both slightly paler, more 1'ellowish in front; lunule, jowls, face, and palps bright yellow; antennae essentially dark, black on outside but somewhat paler, yellowisl-r, on inside; mcsonotum gravish black, only moderately shining; pleura entirely black; legs black, including coxae, but all fcmora with yellorv knccs; squamae yellow, margin black, fringe dark, brownish ochrous. Mer.e GnNrraue. Aedeagus as in Fig. 236, mesophallus grcatly elongated, with con- sp_icuous curvature at cent-re, distal tubules unusually long, extending initially almost to end of aedeagal apodcme and then curving back almost to base of mesophlllus. Tvpes. Holotype d, Quebec, Perkins Ntlills, 3 Aug. 1938 (G.E.S.); p^r^- types, 1 d , 1 9 , same locality, 14 Aug. 1958. Holotype, No. 10400, and one paratype in CNC, one pararype in author's collection. Drecxosrs. This is the onlv species known in the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions rvith the frons and orbits enrirelv dark brown. The onlv other soecies in-the sub-genus r'vith this character is'Ict. floresezzsis Spencer, iescribed'from Flores, Indonesia, and subsequently recorded on Negros and Mindanao in the Philippines (Spencer 1962b,p.677;19659, p. 8). The aedeagus of floresenrls was illustrated by Spencer (1961a, fig. +5); although it is substantially shorter than in fuscifrons, the distinctive curvature of the mcsophallus is almost identical in the

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 140 MEMolRs oF THE ENToI\roLoGIcAL socIETY oF cANADA two species, T'he similarities in coloration and in genitalia suggest that the two are sister-species, although now widcly separated geographically' A female from Alboerra, Banff. lit. Eisenho#er,"27'July igel fK' Valley). this fePre- closely-resembles fuscifrons but the palps are black' It is possible thac sents a lurtner sPecles,

( nov' C e r o il o ntha ( I c ter o my za ), Loew ) comb' 1." "! ::,t^";s \rtg. zt/ ) Agrontyzu longipennis Loew, 1869, p. 48; Shervell, 1953, p' 466' Holotype 9 in MCZ. Phytobia (lcterornyza) longipennis (Loew), Frick, 1959, p' 386' ,t .Il Ant.r_r. Small spccies. wing iength at mosr 2.5 mm; frons not proiecting 9t. ,rl profile. largelr. yelloiv. upper Srbits" blackishr eye bare. third antennal qeg*elt variable, 'palpi mesonotum mat-grayi femora blackish gray but -broadlyi.ttor,Ln-nio"n'to blacl

Cerodontha (Icterornyza) pollinosa (Melander) cornb' nov' (Fig. 238) Agrow.yzu pollin.osa N{elander, 1913, p.263. Lectotype 6, designated by Frick, 1957, in USNNI. Phytobia (Icterornyza) 'pollinosa (Melander), Frick, 1957, p. 202; 1959, p. 387. Aoui-r. Frons yellou-, upper orbits black; antennae brownish yellow, darker on outside; all femora brieht ycliorv on dltal third or even half; eye covered with whitish hairs equal in length to orbital setulae; ',ving length 3 mm. I,{.qro Grxrrer-re. Aedeagus exceptionally long, distal tubules conspicuously broadened at end, mesophallus with distin"ctile buige in front lialf (Fig.238). Hosr-pr,exl/BIorocv. Unknown. Drsrnrsulrox. Yukon Terr., Manitoba; U.S.A.: Alaska. New to Canada.

Frc. 237, Cerodontha (lct.) longipettzir: aedeagus. Frc. 238, Cer. (lct.) polLinosa: aedeagus. Frcs.239-2.10, Cer. (Cer.) dorscrlis: 239, aedeagus, sidc viervl 2,10. same. r'entral vicr.v. Frcs. 2+1-2+2, Cer. (Cer.) gracilis: 211, aedeagrs; 242, upper arn of postgonite. Frc.213, Cer. \Cer.) oc c id c tilnljs: ae.leasus.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 142 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocrcAL socIETY oF cANADA Rnyems. This species is readily distinguishable from the otherwise similar I. longipennls by the pilnr".v"r; it is also stigntty larger. The specimen from the Yukon is rhe only iecord of this species aPxrt from the two tvpes f rom Sttl

Sus-cnxus Cerodontha Rondani Cerodotttha Rondani, 1861, p. 10; Hendel, l93l-36, p.265; Frick, 1952, p' 397; .1959, p. 395. Tvpe of zub-genus: Chlorops denticornis Panzet' Cerodontha (Cerodontha), Nowakowski, 1962, p. i00; 1967' p. 656. Third antennal segment angulate or with a distinct spine dorsally; only 2 scutellar bristles; lunule broad, semicircular. It has hitherto been accepted that only a single species of Cerodontba s.s', clorsalis (Loerv), occurs in North America. It was considered that this was subject to a marked geographic and seasonal variation in color - the paler, mo.re yeliowish form occu-rriig predominantiy in the spring and in the east, with the dark form occurring in tf,e^summer and autumn tnd in the r,vcst. Aldrich (1918) examined some tho;sands of specimens from numerous localities collected at different times of the year and ihis material led him to believe that only a single species was presenr. Frick (1952, p. 399) was unable to find any differences in genitalia between the pale and dark forms and (1959, p. 396) stated that "the dark i""tt..tr form came fr-om the region of cool nights and the more yeilorvish eastefn form is from the region of warm nights." Many specimeis of the dark f6rm were collected.by the author and V' K' Sehgal i,i Aib..tr, near Banff, in June 1966. Comparison of these with tl.pical pale"eastern dorsalis has shown that there is in fact a distinct and consistent dif- i.r..r.. in the aedeagus and it is now established that at Ieast trvo species.are present. The true iorsalis is clearly the prevalent species in.the east but does bccur in the west; although the pleura and scutellum are gener.ally at least-partially yellowish, entirely dark Torms trn o...r.. The almost consistentlY dark species which is dominant in the west has been described by sehgal (1968, p.64) as occidentdlis. From the material he has examined it appears that there may even be a third species present, indistinguishable from occidentalis on external characters, but with small but distincltive differences in genitalia. N{ore detailed biological studies of this group are clearly required to clarify still further the exact status of these species.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv ,"".r,,r,,,on, ,.'.o.,tJl Luginbill *;",'l i,-""#; "",^J}"n,". lrfe-history of '".dor alis btt it now seems probable that they were in fact deaiing th both species, do'rsalis and occidentalis, and their data cannot therefore be ascribed'uvith certaintv to either. A third Canadian species, C. gracilis sp. n., from the Yukon Terr., is readily distinguishable from the other two by its small size and distinctive.genitalia. I-have recently identified C. dorsdlis from i\,Iongolia and this represents.a most interesting exiension of the range of this species into the Eastern Palaearctic Region. Cerodontha (Ceroilontha) dorsalis (I-oew) (Figs. 239, 2'10) Odontocet'a dorsalis Loer'v, 1863, p. 54. Holotvpe e in r\{CZ. Cerodotttha dorsalis, N{elander, 1913, p.249; Frick, 1959, p. 396. Anurr. Wing length 2.1-2.7 mnl, rrcsonotum rvithout acrostichals, normally rvith vellorv recrangular adjoining scutellum (Frick 1959, qSl; scutellum predominantlv p"t.lr &trtrilly "trvo !g. .veltorv] blacj< at sidcs; fions,'first antcnnal scgments, ficc, ]ouls orange-yellow,.third antennal segmenr black; arista normally conspicuou-slr- broad, appearing flaftcned in lolver half; iorvls % vertical eve height. A,Iere Grxrrl.la. Aedeagus as in Figs. 239, 240, distal processes conspicuously large, tubules of distiphallus distinctly rotated bui only moderately sinuate, relatively short; ninth sternite extremely slender; sperm sac elongated, blade narrorv. Hosr-preNr/Btolocv. Gramineae, i,rrvae feeding mainly in leaf-sheath, where pupation takes place. Dtsrntnurtox. AIberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec; U.S.A.; A'Iongolia; Braztl; Guatemala; Puerto Rico. Rnrrenrs. This species is generally smaller and paler the,n occidentalis. The typical form has a roughly rectangular veliow patch on the mesonotum adjoining the scutellum, which is itself vellor,v centraihr. The flattened arista is also distinctive, although this character does not appear to be entirelv constant' The jorvls are sotnervhat nafrowe.r, /3 the eVe height. In all these characters' hon,ever, there appears to be some overlapping with occidentalis but the genitalia of the two speciei are quite distinct. The aedeagus is substantially shorter in dorsalis and the paired distal processes significantly longer. This species has hitherto only been known from North and South America' A male ,nd tr"o females lecently examined from X,Iongolia clearly rePr-esent dorsalis, which must now be considered as Holarctic. It will be of the utmost interest to establish the range of this species in Asia. N{ernnrer, ExalrrNno. Alberta: Medicine FIat, 1 ?, 16 June 1925 (F.S.C.). British Columbia: Robson, | 6 , 16 July 19.t7 (H.R.F.). I have also seen many specimens from the United Srates and one flom Brazilr

Cerodontha (Cerodontha) gracilis sp. n. (Figs. 24r, 242) Haeo. Essentially as in dorsalis (Loerv) and occidentalls Sehgal, iorvls deep, third antennal segment distinctly pubescent and with short spine at uPPer corner' MBsoNorurt. Acr entirely lacking. WrNc. Lensth 2.2 mm.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 14+ MEMoTRS oF THE ENToMoLocIcAL socIETY oF cANADA Coron. Frons enthely yellow, third antennal segment black; mesonotum and scutellum blackish, dusted r.vith gray, u'ith some subshine; notopleural area basically yellowish but somewhat darkened, mesopleura black apart from narrow vellow upper margin; Iegs: coxae yellowish black, femora bright yellow, though blackish basally, tibiae and tarsi black; squamae yellow, margin and fringe brown. A{ar.e Grxrrerra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 241, distiphallus after initial curvatute almost straight, paired processes at apex pale, relatively small; paired arms providing upper attech- ment of postgonites broad with a distinct bend at midpoint and a short ventrally-directed spine (Fig.242). Hororvpp 6, Yukon Terr., Swim l,akes, 133o,62"13',3200 ft, 19 July 1960 (J.E.H.N{.), in CNC, No. 10401. Dt.q.cxosts" This species is distinguishable from dorsalis and occidentalis by its smaller size and the small, pale distal processes of the aedeagus. It somewhat resembles the common Palaearctic species denticornis (Pz.), in which I have seen specimens with a wing length of only 2.1 mm. Hor,vever, in denticornis the aedeagus is conspicuously curved, S-shaped (Spencer 1961b, fig. tl) and the arms bearing the postgonites are narrow, uniformly curving, and r,vithout a spine at their midpoint. Cerodontha (Cerodontha) occidentalJs Sehgal (Fig. 2a3) Cerodontha occidentalis Sehgal, 1968, p. 64. Holotype 6 from Alberta in CNC. Aour-r. Wing Iength from 2.7 mm in male to 3 mm in female; mesonotum rvithout acr, entirely black, largely mat but r.vith some subshine; scutellum blacl<, rarelv faintly brown or yellow centrally, although suture rvith mesonotum is frequently paler; eye conspicuously slanting, jowls deep, extended at .rear, % vertical eye height; third antennal segment blacl<, short spine at apical corner, arista tapering normally, not conspicuously broadened f;g l'Iar-r GpNrr,lr.re. Aedeagus as in Ftg.213, distal tubules long, conspicuously sinuate, Partially rotated, terminal processes relativcly small; ninth sternite with strong, black side- arms; sperm sac rvith greatly enlarged blade. Host-ptexr/Brorocv. Not confirmed but certainly Gramineae, larva probably forming mine in leaf-sheath. DtsrnreurroN. Alaska; Alberta, Yukon Terr.; rvidespread in western United States. Rnlrenrs. This is a large, robust species, with the mosonotum and scutellum normally entirely black and the pleura largely so. There is never a yellow pre- scutellar area on the mesonotum but the scutellum can sometimes appear paler centrally. For other differences from dorsali.r see p. 143. N{aronrer Exel,rrNlo.

Alaska: Big Delta, 1 6,2+ June 1951 (J.R.N,lcG.); Anchorage,19,27 June 1953 (R.s.B.). Alberta: Banff, roadside 20 mi tos'ards Calgalv, 8 A 6, 2 g ?, 28 June 1966 (I{.A.S.); many further specimens, same data (V.K.S.), paratypes. Yukon Terr.: Rampart Ffouse, I e, 17 June 1951 (J.E.H.M.).

~~Gnxus Calycomyza Hendel Dizygowyza (Calycowyza) Hendel, 1931, p. 65. Type of sub-genus: Agromyza artemisiae Kaltenbach, types losr.~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv p h y t o bia 1c nry, o*y::)ii,#:' ;:;:",;;;, ;';' 4-300 ;,n s o, p. z',oi', Spencer, 1963c, p. 337. Calycotnyzu, Norvakor.vski, 1962, p. 97; Spencer, 1966d, p. 16. This genus is readily recognisable by the yellor.v frons and notopleural area and black scutellum. All species have a distinctive patch of bristles on the ventral hind-corner of the epandrium (cf. Fig. 270). Frick (1956) recorded 14 species in North and Central America. Spencer (1963c) recorded 20 species in the Neotropical Region and 3 new species have since been described from Florida (Spencer 1966d). Thirteen species are now recorded for Canada, five of which are new. Differences between many of the spccies are extremely slight and many involve color, male genitalia, or larvae together v'ith feeding habit, i.e. leaf-mines. For erample, in jttcrindu (Wulp) and proruissa Frick the adults and male genitalia are not salisfactorily distinguishable but there is a distinctive difference in larvae and leaf-mine; in althaeae ip. n. and ipotnaeue Frost the adults aPPear identical but there are significant differences in both genitalia and larvae; while in humeralis (Roser) and solidaginis (Kak.) the distinctive larvae are indistinguishable but there are slight but constant differences in color in the adults and in the genitalia. Frick (1956) in his valuable revision of this group prepared a key based largely on minor color differences in the adults but these charactets are not reliable and the key is unsatisfactorv. Eramination of genitalia of a number of specimens determined bv Frick on this basis in the Canadian National Collection shows that they have been misidentified. Satisfactory identification of many species rvhich cannot be associated rvith leaf-mines or larvae rvill only be possible from a study of male genitalia. Three such spccies misidcntified by Frick are jrrcutda (Wulp), allecta (N{elander), and cynoglossi Frick and for the time being it must be assurned that these species do not occur in Canada.

Kev ro Caxenres Calycottryza Spocrps 1 Squamal fringe pale, vellov', at most ochrous brorvn 2 - Squamal fringe darl<, brown or biack 6 2 Third antennal segment rvith conspicuous angle at uPPe-r corner 3 - Third antennal sesment roundcd 4 3 Face largelv blackl aedeagus as in Figs. 254, 255 - hunrcralls (Roser) - Face largclv vellow; aedeagus as in Fig. 267 . - - solidaginis (Kak.) 4 Orbits entirely shining black sottchi sp. n. * Orbits oaler. at least below 5 5 Posterior spiracles of larva u'ith 3 bulbs; aedeagus as in Figs. 261,262 . n)ctltnae sp. n. - Posterior spiracles of larva u'ith 5-8 bulbs; aedeagus as in Fig. 265

6 Corners nf -"rono,om w-ith .or-trpi...too, 1.'ellor'v patches /r"!;:#:;#l'r::f; - Corners of mesonotum black 7 7 .Ntlesonotunr obviouslr. gra1r, entirely mat; Iarge species, rving length up to 3'25 mm - Al"ronnrrr- ,hiring black or at least tl".ki.h gral'; smalLeruO".r"f'*J1fi"l;:ii atmost3mm. 8 8 Orbits entirely black, at least to lower ori, projecting above eye anteriorly; small species, wing length 7.7-2.3 mm rttajuscula Ftick - Orbits not so extensively dark, not projecting . . . . . 9 9 Small species, wing length not more than 2.2 mm . 10 - Larger species, wing length 2.4-3 mm . . . 12

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 146 \{EI,IOIRS OF THE ENTOI,IOLOGICAI, SOCIETY OF CANADA . 11 10 Mesonotum moderatelv shining, blackish ' : * Nlesonotum mat, blackish gray iPomaeae (Frost) 11 Aedeagus as in Fig. 24+ . . . althaeae sP. n, . . . melxthae sP. n, - Aedeagus as in Figs. 261,262 12 A{esonotum conspicuously shining black; orbits brown to lower ori . . :. . ... novdscotiensis sp. n, A4esonotum distinctly more mat, grayish; orbits brown to upper ors . 13 . (Kalt.) 1l Aedcagus as in Figs. 2+6-248 drtewlswe . . . Tntffcidct sP. n' - Ae deagus as in Figs. 259,260 Calycomyza althaeae sP. n. (Figs. 24'1,215) Flran. Orbits not projecting abor-e c1-e, with 2 stroxg ors,and,2 rveakcr ori; orbital sctulae slight, rp^rre, r".li'r-r"re; rhi;d rnr..rnal segment small,iound, with distinct, though not conspicuously long pubcscence. n{rsoxorurur. Trvo strong dc, r.r'ith a smaller third beyond; acr in 6 rorvs. Wrxc. I-cngth 1.9-2 mrn, last section of mr..n 2/z times length of penultimate' Cor-on. Orbits blacl< to uppef ors, this darkening possibly extending.slighrlv bcvond; face blackish but centrallv and belorv r.ariably vellorv; mesonotum moderately shlllrng olact(; Iegs enrirely black; squamae gray, nrargin and fringe dccp black. Mar-n GrNIT,cr-re. Aecleagus as in Fig. 2'14, mesophallus conspicuously short and broad, distiphallus rvith slender latcral extensions. Hosr-prlNr/Brorocv. Althaea rosen) Iarva forming long, narrolv, greenish- yellow mine (Fig. 245), pupating externally; posteriol spiracles each \'vith 3 bulbs. Tvpns" Holotype 6 , Toronto, em. 24 .|uly from leaf-mine, Ieg. 14 fuly 1967. Paratypes: Z' a a,3 ? 9, same data but em. 25-26 luly; 1 d, Jamaica, Rio Cobre GorgLi 13 Dec. 1958 (all K.A.S.). Holotype and paratypes in author's collection, t\\'o paratypes in CNC, No. 10't02. f)racxosrs. This species cannot be satisfactorily distinguished on external characters from C. iponnene but the male genitalia and leaf-mine are cntirely distinct. Its closest relative appears to be e. ntdlade (Burgess), which is not uncommon on Mdlva and Sida in the United States (Spencer 1963c, P. 3+7)' I have found leaf-mines of olthaeae at Amityville, Long Island, N.Y., 22 Oct. 1965. It is also now clear that the specimen from Jamaica (Spencer 1963c, p. 348) 'uvhich I referred to as "sP. near ?'n(tl'u^de" in fact fePlesenrs abhteae. The aedeagus of that specimen agrees;losely with that of the type series from Althqea. Although the only known host is A. rosea, this is of course a.relativelv_recent introcluctioi into Noith America from Europe u'hete it -,vas introduced from China in the mid-sixteenth century. This phnt wxs not Present a_t the locaiity where the Jamaican specimen rvai collected. Which genera of the Mal'u-aceqe reDresent the native host therefote remains to be established. ' I-eaf-mines of this species were first discovered on hollvhocks in the front vards of houses near the Allan Gardens. Toronto. in eerly Ocrober 1965. This occurring in earl1' plants iepresented the second generation, the first Ju11'. -i\'{an_v. were examined in Ottari.'a in Julv 1967 but no mines could be found. With the range of the species now knor.vn to extend from Jamaica to Tororrto, it is clearly at iis northern limit in Canada and apparently does not reach the C)ttarva area.

~~Calycomyza artemisiae ( I(altenbach ) (Figs.2+6-248) Agrornyza drteTiliside Kaltenbach, 1856, p. 236. Types lost. Dizygornyza artemisiae, Hendel, 1920. p. 136.~~

Dizygow.yza (Cal1, cornyza) artentisiae, Hendel, l93l-36, p' 66' fnytittia (Calycomt,za) artemisiae, Frick, 1956, p. 291; 1959, p' 389; Spencer, 7963c, p. 339. Anulr. Relatively large spccies, i.ving length 2.5-2'7 mm; mesonotum distinctly mat, blackisl-r gray; squamal margin and fringc darl<, blacl

Calycorny za flaainoturn Ftick (Figs. 2'19, 250) Phytobia (calycornyza) fl.aaittTntm Frick, 1956,p.297. Holotypc a in USNM. Aourr. Relatively large species, rving lengrh from 2'J mm in male to 3 mm in female; (cf. Frick 1956, fig. 1c); mesonotum orbits and face yellow; thiid antennal segment"of or-oid moderately shining black, outer corners -"rorlotum adioining scutellum conspicuously yellorv, i,-r,-r", portil"r on ycllow ground; fore-knees distinctly yellow, legs otherwise black; squamae ycllow, margin and fringe black. Nlaro GtNrrarre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 249' 250. Hosr-preNr/Brorocv. Arctium lappa, EtLpatorium ntaculdtuTn and other species, larva forming large rvhite blotch-mine, PuPating externally. Drs:rnrnultox. Ontario; u'idespread in U.S.A' Ro,r.r.lnrs. The large yellotv patch at the corners of the mesonotum immediately distinguish this species from all others known in Canada. A species forming similar whire mines on Eupatoriunt odordtum in Jtmaica and Venezuela and Alontia fastigidta in Brazil rvas misidentified bv Spencer (1963c) as flffi)inotum; the male scnitalia as illustrated in that paper (figs. 6Aa-d) are entirely difierent from those of the true fla,,-inoturn. and the neotropical species will be described as new in a subsequent PaPer. Frick (1956) mistakenly recordi as a hoit of this species Vibttrnrnn pubescens (Caprifoliaceae). This is based on the paratype from Ottawa rvhich I have examined bearing a label "on Viburnum pubescens." This, however' merelv means the speciiren was caught on Vibut'num, not that it was lealed flom the olant.

~~'-€ri 4':~~

~~250~~

Mermr,cr ".^^r^"":t.: Ontario: Ottawa, | 6, 19 July 19*6 (G.E.S.), ParatyPe; 19, em. 9 Aug. 1967, 2 6 6, 17 March 1968, ex leaf-mines on Ertputoriutn waculatutm, leg. 17 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Calycomyza giguntea Frick (Figs' 251, 252) Phytobia (Cqlycotnyza) gigantea Frick, 1956, p.296;1959, p. 390. Holotype 6 in USNM. Aourr. Very large species, rving length up to 3.25 mm in female; uPPer orbits darl

Frcs. 244-245, Calycomyza abhaeae: 244, aedeagus; 245, leaf-mines on Althaea rosea. Ftes. 246-248, C. artemisiae: 246, aedeagus, side view; 247, srme, ventral view; 2'18, distiphallus, latero-r'entral view. Frcs. 2+9-250, C. flaainotum: 249, aedeagus, side view; 250, same, ventral view. Frcs. 251-252, C. gigantea: 251, aedeagus, side view; 252, same, ventral view,

betr.veen the mesophallus and the distiphallus and the two sections of the distiphallus are paler, shorter, and slightly dilated. The larvae and form of pupation appear idcntical in tlre rr'r o species. - - I have only seen a singli confirmed specimen from Canada but the species is no doubt u'idespread, though apparently less common than solidaginis' Frick (1956, p. 290) records humeralis from Penstewon procerus (Scrophu- lariaceae) in California. This is not accepted and will almost certainly Prove to represcnt a furrher species. M,qtnnrar Exer.r,ruo. Quebec: Great \,Vhale R., 16, ex leaf-mine on Solidago rudcrophyll4 15 Aug. 1e+e (J.R.V.). AIso specimens from Europe, Argentina, South Africa, West Africa, and Australia. Calycomyza ipomaeae (Frost) (Figs. 256,257) Agrotnyza ipomaeae Frost, 193lb, p. 71. HoloS-pe a in USNM. Phytobia (Cut1,cow.yza) ipomaeue, Frick, 1952, p. 395; Spencer, 1'963c, p. 345. Phytobiu (Calycomyza) ipomoeae, Frick, 1957, p. 203. Anurr. Agrecing closely v'ith abhaeae but mcsonotum distinctly more mat, blackish gray; small species, rving lengrh 1.8-2.2 mm. N'ler-r Gnxrrer.r,+. Aedcagus as in Fig. 256. Hosr-prexr/Btorocv. Ipotnoea p(wdurdta, larva forming irregular blotch- mine (Fig.257), pupating externally; posterior spiracles each wich 3 hulbs. Drsrnrsurlox. S. Ontario; U.S.A.; West Indies;Braz1l. Rnuenr

Calycomy za maiuscula Ftick (Fig. 2s8) Phytobia (Catycotnyza) rnaittscula Frick, 1956, p. 295; 1959, P. 391' Holotype 6 in USNM. Anur.r. l\{edium-sized specics but rving length variable, 1.75-2.5 mm; orbits distinctly projccting above eve in pro6lc, conspicuo.,-sly black, this darkening extending at least to io.u.1. ori face normallv black but lorver half'ma1 be lellorv; third antcnnal scgment small. round; mcsonotum distinctly shining; squamae yeiio.v, margin and fr.inge darker, black or at least brownish. N4er-o GoNrrer.te. Aedeagus as in Fig. 258' Hosr-pr-RNr/Brorocv. Senecio lugetzs var. exaltfltLtJ, larva forming large, pale-green blotch, frass deposited in few large black pellets; PuPation externally. DrsrnrnurIoN. Ontario, Saskatcher'van; Western U.S'A.

~~,/ i\.~~

~~\1\ '..~~

~~W- 25a~~

~~"-ffi ffi92w*:* w W-ry~~

~~260~~

Ftcs.253-255, Calycomyza hurneralis: 253, third antennal segment;25,1, aedeagus, side vier,v; 255, same, ventral view. Frcs.256-257, C. ipomaeae: 256, aedeagus, ventral view;257, leaf- mine on lpomoea pandz.rata. Frc. 258, C. majuscula: aedeagus.- Frcs. 2J9-260, C. marcida: 259, aedeagus, side view; 260, same, ventral view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 152 MEMolRs oF THE SOCIETY OF CANADA Rnrrenns. This species has largely black orbits and the mesonotum is dis- male tinctly shining black. it has unfortu-naiely not been Possible to examine the holotvpe frori California. It is therefore desirable that in due course the aedeagus of the holotvpe should be checked to confirm its identity with that of the paratype illustrated "bb't ". MerBnrer Exal,rrxno. Ontario: Matmota, 1 6 ,28 Apr. 1952 (J.F.McA')' ParatyPe'

Calycomyza tnarcida sP. n' (Figs. 259' 260) Aour-r.Orbitsnotprojectingaboveeve,yellorv,brownishaboveupperors;2ors'2ori(a "s.tol"" round; weak third on one side) oibital minuie, sparse; third antennal segment small, ; (damaged, yellow; mesonotum moderately shining, grayish.black chaetotaxy not face entireiy d,i::ll detectable in'detailrI legs black but fore-knee. .t^tio.ily yellorv_; lengrh 2.6 m.T' -wing black. cell small, m. sections in-ratio 13:30; squamae yellow, margin and fringe darker, graylsh Meln Gnnrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Figs. 259,260. TnpBs. Holotype 6, Manitoba, Arveme,5 June 1917 (N'C'); l6 paratype' Man., Pierson, 3 Ju$ lg27 (M. J. Brodie), both in CNC, No' 10+03' Drecxosrs. The two tyPe sPecimens were identified by-Frick as dllecta (Mel.) and a reliable identification will clearly only be possible from examination of the senitalia. Claltectu was described from specimens caught on St. Vincent in the West Indies. Frick (1956) designated a^female lectoiype and assoc.iated with this a species occurring widely ii the U.S.A. as a blotch-miner on Bidens, Helianthus, ind, Rudbeckia.- The aedeagus of a male leafed from Bidens pilosa at Santos, Brazll, was illustrated by SpJncer (1963c, fig.52); the entirely difrerent aedeagus of an otherwise indistinguishable species from Nova Teutonia, Brazll, r'vas illustrated in figs. 53a, b. In adiition to rhe specimen from Manitoba Frick also identified as allecta a male from Dow's Swamp, Ont.; this specimen is also distinct from the true allecta, with type locality St. Vincent, which I now consider does not occul in Canada. Calycotnyza ntenthae sP. rt. (Figs. 261, 262) 2 weaker ori; orbital Hr;er. Orbits not proiecting above eye, with 2 equal ors .and setulae minute, sparse, ,"llirrlr" ab"ove, a few proclinate below; third antennal segment small, round. MBsoNorulr. Two strong dc and a small third just difierentiated; acr short, in 6 rorvs. WrNc. Lensth from 1.9 mm in male to 2.2 in female, last section of m"'n zyz titr,es Penultlmate. Coron. Upper orbits black from vertex to uPper ors or slightly beyond, face black above, yellow in lower half; mesonotum moderately shining, legs entirely black; scluamae yellowish gray, fringe and margin variable, either distinctly dark, blackish or paler, scarcely differentiated from squamae. Mar-e GBxrrer.n. Aedeagus as in Figs. 261, 262, the two processes of the distiphallus elongate and clearly divided. Hosr-preNr/Btorocv. Mentha araensis and Monarda fistulo s a, larva forming brownish blotch adjoining margin of leaf with frass in scattered black pellets; pupation externally; posterior spiracles of larva each with 3 bulbs.

Calycomyza noaascotiensis sP. n. (Figs. 263, 264) jowls narrow, only HBan. Tg,o strong, equal ors, 2 ori; frons not pro]ccting-abol-: "ytl slightlv extcnded l..ri; third antennal segment small, round, rvith only short pubescence, arista long, bare. "t N,Iasoxorulr. dc strong, acr in about 6 rorvs (chaetotaxy damaged in both available specimens). Wrsc. Length 2.'1 mm, last section of mr*, trvice length of penultimate' Cor-on. Orbirs uniforn-rly brol,n to lorver ori, frons yellow; face black above, becoming yellor.v towards mouth-nrargi^; n,aro,-rut.,m conspicuouslv, sliinin-g. black; rtotop_leural area sr-,mcrr.l-rat orange-yellou'; IJgs entireiy black, only foreJ

~~'''};;;t*-~~

~~262~~

~~263 264 >L.-----~~

~~267~~

Frcs. 261-262, Calycomyza rnentbde2 261, aedeagus, side view; 262, stme, ventral view. FIcs. 263-26+, C. noaascotiensis: 263, aedeagus, side vierv; 261, srme, ventral vier'v. Frcs. 265-266, C. promissa: 265, aedeagus, ventral Tiew;266, puparium on pile of frass. Frc. 267, C. solidaginis: aedeagus.

notum shining black; squamae arrd fringe normally yellow but also sometimes darker, ochrous brownish (not black). Mer.e GnNrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 265, distiphallus distinctly elongated. Hos:r-preN:r/Brorocv. Aster chilensis and ather Aster spp., larva forming white blotch which is generally circular but irregular at edges; frass deposited in centre of mine, forming a black mass, with puparium adhering to a slender pile of frass (Fig.266); posterior spiracles of larva each with 5-8 bulbs. DrsrnrnurroN. Manitoba. Ontario: California. Rouenxs. Although the adults of C. promi.r.ra cannot be satisfactorily distinguished from those of C. jucundu, the larvae of the two species are entirely

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv distinct, with 5-8 J,":;;ilffi;;il'",ii'ui)*,,,,,na o,'ty I il jucuttda. Tlre female from Dunrobin reared from Aster has the angulate third antennal segment tvpical of hurnerali.i; holvever, the distinctive pupation (Fig. 266) esiablishes beyond doubt that this specimen rePresents promissa. X.{ernnrer ExarvrrN up. Manitoba: Aweme, 1 6 , 27 Aug., 1 9, 28 Aug" 1917 (N'C.)' Ontario: Bell's Corners, 16 , em. 17 July ex leaf-mine on Aster sp., Ieg.-7 July 7967;nr. Dunrobin, I 9, em. 22 Jttly e* Aste, sp., leg. 19 July 1967 (both K'A'S')' U.S.A.: California, Albany, Alameda Co.,2 3 6,28 Aug. 1948, ex larvae on Aster chilensis (K.E.Frick), paratypes.

Calycomyza solidaginis ( Kaltenbach ) (Fig. 267) Agrowyza solidaginis Kaltenbach, 1869, p. 196. Types lost' Dizy gorny za (C al y c omy za) s olid agittis, Hendel, 193 l-3 6, p. 5 9. Phytobia (Calycotnyza) soliduginis, Frick, 1953, p. 70;7956, p.292;1959, p' 392' Antrr.r. As in C. hutneralis, apart from face which is either entirely vellow or partially gravish but at least with the lower half and facial keel vellowish. Nler.e GBNrrer-r.q. Aedeagus as in Fig. 267, mesophallus narrorv, not substantially rvider at base; distiphallus dark, th"e r..,o se.tions closely^ adjoining and also contiguous with mesophallus. Hosr-prexr/Brolocv. Solidago spp., Ieaf-mine, larva and pupation as in hutneralis. DrsrlnteuTroN. Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec; U.S.A.; Europe' Rnuenrs. I am satisfied from the small but consistent differences in genitalia that solidaginis and hurueralis are distinct, although in specimens rvhere the face is darkened, ih"t" -ry be difficulties in identification on external characters alone. This species -rs common in the Ottawa area in JuJy 1967. In Europe it is less common than humeralis. A4arnnrer, ExeNrrN-Eo. Nova Scotia: Tturo, 1 d, 5 Sept. 1913. Ontario: Bell's Corners, 16, em. 10 July ex leaf-mine on Solidago, leg. 7 July 1967; Ridcau Locks, 1 d, 9 July 1967; Green Valley Motel area, I 9, 10 July 1_967 (all K.A.S.); Ottalva, | 6 ,22 \nay :946 (A.R.B.); Grand Bend, 1 6, 1 9, 10 July 1e3e (G.E.S.). Quehec: Otta'ivaR., 1d, I g, on Solidago,l3 July 1967 (K.A.S.).

Calycomyza sonchi sp. n. (Ftgs. 268-272) and 2 3 largely Flreo. Orbits verv slightly proiecting abol'e e)-e, sith 2 strong ors _or- incurved ori; orbital setulaeipaise, reclinat6 above, upright or sliglrtlv proclinate belorv; third antennal segment small, round. MrsoNorun. Fit-e differentiated dc, though the 2 pre-sutural ones small; acr coarse, in some 8 rorvs. Wrxe. Length 2.3 mm, last section of m"*, iust ol'er trvice length of penultimate. LBcs. Mid-tibiae with 2 short lateral bristles.

~~272~~

Coron. Orbits conspicuously black, this extending at least to lower ori or even to base of antennae; face variable, almost entirely black ol yellow in lower half ; mesonotum brilliantly shining black; lcgs entirely black; squamae yellowish gray, margin pale brown, fringe ochrous to grayish but essentially pale. A,Ialo GBNrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Figs. 268, 269, mesophallus conspicuously narrow; surstyli as in Fig. 270. Hosr-praNt/Brorocv. Sonchus sp, Taraxacum sp., larva forming large whitish blotch (Fig. 271), with frass scattered in small grains, pupating externally; PuParium reddish brown, posterior spiracles (Fig. 272) on round protuberance, each with 4 or 5 bulbs. Tvpes. Holotype 6, Alberta, Red Deer, em. 26 Feb. 1967 (forced) from leaf-mine on Sottchus sp., leg. 28 June 1966 (K.A.S.); paratypes' Edmonton, Univ. Campus, 1 a , em. 26 Feb. 1967 frorn leaf-mine on Taraxacum sp., leg. 6 June 1966 (K.A.S.);Manitoba, Churchill, 26 6,l?,17 l:une 1962 (J.G.C.). Holotype and paratype in author's collection, other paratypes in CNC, No. 10406. DrecNosrs. The distinctive features of this species are the black orbits, brilliantly shining mesonotum, and slightly off-white squamal fringe. The leaf-mines initiallv resemble those of Liriornyza tar&rdci which was found not uncommonly in Albeita on Taraxacrtm) hnt b.com. substanrially larger. The specimens from Churchill are those identified by Frick (1956, p. 288) as prow$sd. Gnxus Arnaurornyza Hendel Dizygomyza (Arnauromyza) Hendel, 1931, p. 59. Type of sub-genus: Agrowyza lamii Kakenbach, types lost. Phytobia (Amauromyza), Frick, 7952, p. 393; 1959, p. 377. Amatrcomyza, Nowakowski. 1962, p. 97. Dizy gomyza (Cephalomyza) Hendel, 193 -, p. 32, syn. nov. Type of sub-genus: Dizygomyza lu.teiceps Hendel, 1920. Holotype in Vienna. After splitting up the conglomerate genus Phytobia sensu Frick, 1952, Nowakowski raiseld Arnauro*yzito full qen;rlc ranl(.- Nowakowski (1g62,p. 96j incorrectlf proposed including Hendel's sub-genus Cephalowyza within the genus Liriontyza. This mistake was apparently made following examination of the genitalia of the single species Cephaloruyza cepde Hering (1927b, p. 50), rvhich can justifiably be transferred to Liriomyza. This, however, is clearly not monophyletic with the type of the sub-genus Cephalo- myza, luteiceps Hendel. The male genitalia of this species are in all respects similar to those of Atn:auromyza, and Cephalomyza is therefore synonymised u'ith Amauromyza herewirh. Nfost. AmauroTnyzd species are entirelv black, including also the halteres. Howevet, in A. maculosa (Malloch) from the southern U.S.A. and the Neotropical Region the halteres are variegated, black belorv and rvhite above, rvhile in l. mottf alconensis (Strobl) from Europe thev are entirely yellow. Also in A. subin- futmdta (N{alloch), which is transferred to Antauromyzd below, the halteres are pale, whitish gray. Thus althou qh in hrteicepr not only the haltcres but also the head is yellow, there seems no justification for giving it even sub-generic status,

Frcs. 268-272. Cttll corny=a sonchi: 268, aedeagus, side vierv; 269, same, r'entral vierv; 270, surstylus; 271, leaf-mine on Tardxdcunt; 272, posterior spiracles of puparium. Frc.273, Antaur onty za abnornnlis : aedeagus. Frcs. 271-275, A. ktrrli: 274, head; 275, aedeagus.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 158 MEx{oIRs oF THE ENToMoLocIC in in view of the absolute similarity of its *malegenitalia wirh those normally occurring Antanrontyzd. I have recentl/ seen a of karti ETendel from trlongoli:r and the gcnitalia confirnt that this species too corlectly belongs in Awl:arlroruyzd. "The three species now recorded in Canada can be identified as follou's: Frons yellow karli (Hendel) Fror.rs biack Halteres entirely black; large species, wing length 2.2-3.2 mm ' abnornmlls (Mall') Flalteres with stalk black and knob whitish gray; smaller species, wing iength- from 1.9 ro 2.2 mm . . . subittf u'rnata (MalI')

Amaurom.yza abruorrnalis (lVlalloch) (Fig.273) Agrotnyza abnorrnslis N{alloch, l9l3a,p" 320" Holotype I in USNN'I' Dizy gorny za (Aruaur omy za) abtt orw olls, Hendel, 193 1-3 6' p. 5 9' Phytobia (Arnaurotmyzct) abnorntdlis, Frick, 1952, p. 393; 1959, P. 378' Anurr. Entirely dark species, including halteres; frons proiecting above. e.v--e, iowls ilcep, li to Y+ eye tt"igt-rt; :1f dc, t-nesonotu"m subshining, grayish black;.w'ing.lcngth from 2.2 mm in male r1l ;.2 il- in fcmale, costa extending to vein m.*,, discal cell small, last section of rnr*, 1{l to twice lcngth of penultimate. Mer-E Grxrr,qrra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 273, central black arms of distiphallus enclosed by outcr process covered in minute black bristles. Hosr-preNr/Bror-ocv. Antwanthrts spp., Chenopodiurn sPP., larya boring internally in stem. Drslnrnurrox. Ontario, Quebec; $'idespread in U.S.A.; Europe; Japan' Rrrranrs. This species is considered as Hoiarctic, occurring commonly in Europe on the same food-plants as in the Nearctic Region. While the male genitalia a,re extremelv similar, in particular having the distinctivelv spinulose distiphallus, the exacr'form of the distiphallus is not identical in specimens_ from Canada, Europe, and Japan. Sasakau'a (196l, fig. +3d) illustrated the aedeagus of a Japanese specimen, .shorving the spines of the distiphallus to be substantially larger than in ipecimens from CanadJ and Europe. Hou'ever, I consider these minor difierences at ttris stage should be considered merely as geographical variations rather than being of specific significance. I,lern'nrer ErA\rL.o l;o. Ontario: Ottarva, 1 I, 11 July 1957 (J.E.H.NI.). Quebec: Abbotsford, 7 6 ,19 June 1937 (G.E.S.).

Amauromyza karli ( Hendel ) comb. nov. (Figs. 274, 27s) Dizy gornyzo Karli Hendel, 1927, p. 253. Holotype I in \rienna. Dizygoruyza (Cephalomyza) I{arli Hendel, 1931, p. 31. Arur-r. Frons broad, trvice rvidth of eve, conspicuousll' projecting above eve torvards anrennae: I slender. rcc.linate ors. l idcll'-spr..rl fro- thc I sinrilar incurr'-cd ori, orbitaI setu]ae (Fig. lacking; c1'c slanting, iorvls deeplv cxtended at rear, I vertical eye height 274); third antenn"l s-egtrtent smali, though slightly elongate; broad epistonra above mouth-margin, extending half diirancc to base c,f antcnnae; mesonotum rvith 3a1 dc, acr in 4 rorvs; rving- lengtl-r 2.7 rnm, cosra exrending strongly to vcin rn,*", last section of m, trvicc length of penultimate, firsr cross-r,ein at midpoint of di.scal ccll; color: frons, jorvls, facc, palps, and antennae entirelv vellorv; upper orbits darkened beyond ors, both vertical bristles on black ground; mesonotun'l

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv ,r'rr' mar sray, preura brackish il, ,.,lHffi;;..;'* il"::: -',"'r"t.fl f"irrtiy y"tio*; abdomen lni"ing"trt".t; rqo"-.. prl. gtry, margin and fringe dark, grayish. Hosr-prexl/Brolocv. Unknown' DtsrnreuttoN. Ontario; N. Germany; Russia; Mongolia' New to North America. Rnlranns. This is a distinctive species, recognisable by the yellow head, deep of the sub-g.enus jowls, and black legs. It closely resembles C.luteiceps, the ryge 'Ceph'alornyza, but ihis has the flmora yellow in the distal third. The. genitalia of the male irom Mongolia confirm that karli correctly belongs in Awauromyza (Fig. 27s). "The female holotype is from Pomerania (now Poland) and Hendel (1931' p" 34) mentions a seconi female from NE. Austria. This is possibly.an error'.as i hrr'" a female (ex. coll. Hering) labelled by Hendel as ParatyPe (incorrecdy, as was based th" single specimen from Pomerania) from the description # - Poltava in the Ukraine. It seems probable thaf this is the second specimen seen b1' Hendel' N{ernnrer ExanrNou. Ontario: Ottawa, 7 I , 23 June 1964' U.S.S.R.: Poltava, | 9,21 lune 1922 (A. Kolobowa)' Mongolia: Central Aimak, Zuun-Chara, 850 m' 13,49 r, 8 July 1964 (Kaszab)'

Amauromyza subinlumata (Malloch) comb' nov' (Figs. 276, 277 ) Agroruyzu infuntata Malloch, 7915b, p. 15. Holotype 6 in USNM' A"growyza su'.binfumataMalloch, 1915a, p. 108. Nom. nov. for infumata Malloch, nec Czerny and Strobl, 1909. Phytobia (.Praiped'ontyza) subinfuwata,Fricl<, 1953, p' 71; 1959, p' 395" costa extending Anulr. Small, entirelv black spccies, rving lcngth from 1'9-to 2'2 mrn' length of strongly to vein ntr-,, dir.d cell reiatively tar[e, hit section of m'*' oniy tw-icc p".,,,riiiir,.,"; f.o.rs m"t black, orbits welkiy shilning; 2 ors, 3 (som.etiles 4) ori; arista short, iorrrpi.ru.rrly thickened in lorver half, fine abovel mesonotum entirely_mat, brownish black; 'entirely black, Iegs black; squamae dark gray, margin. and fringe black; stalks of halteres kriob clearly white above, distinctly darker, grayish below-' N{arn Gaxrrerre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 276, sperm sac enormously enlarged, base bowl- shaped (Fig. 277). Host-preNr/Brorocv. Unknor'vn. Dtsrnreu]]toN. Ontario, Quebec; U.S.A.: Illinois' New to Canada' Rpr,renrs. On the basis of external characters Frick was entirely justified im- in transferring this species to Praspedomyza. However, the male _genitalia mediately revial its cbrrect generic position, the enlarged blade of the sperm sac and the bowl-shaped base being Particularly distinctive. The whitish^knob of the iriteres has hitherto led the species to be placed in Praspedamyza. However, the stalk of the halteres is distinctly darker and even the knob is not pure rvhite, clearly being transitional to the black halteres normally occurring in the genus. The co-*on-N.otropical sPecies, A. macu'Iosa (Mall.)' which ,lio oc..,ti in the southern U.S., has the halteres variegated, white above and black below.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 160 IIEMoIRS oF THE EN'torroLoGIC,rL SocIDTY oI.' cANADA Itlarsnrer Exelrrxeo. Ontario:I'{armora, 19,6,\Iay1962(J.R.V.);Ottar'va,\"IerBlcue,23 6,3Junc 1966 (J.F.I,IcA., K.A.S.);Simcoe, 2I ?, 5 and 14 June 1939 (G.tr.S.). Quelrec: Gatineau Parl<, Harrington L., I I ,27 ,\,Iar- 195.1 (W.R.R,).

Grxus Trilobom.yza Hendel Dizygowyza, sub-genus Trilobomyz.c, Hendel, 1931, p. 71. Tvpc of sr-rb-genus: Agrowyzct /lcruifrons X{eigen. Holotl'pe 9 in Paris (not d as stated by Becher,1902). Phytobia (Trilobomyza), Frick, 1952, p. 355 1959, p. 392. Triloborttyza Hendel, Nor.val

T rilobomyza flaaifron,s ( lleigen ) (l:igs. 278, 279) Agrontyzrt fll'i,-ifrons Xleigcn, 1830, p. 1tl+. Flolotvpe I in Paris. Dizygotnyza fld'"-ifrons, Hendel, 1920, p. l33. Dizy gotttyzn ('frilobonryzd) flm,ifrons, Hcnclel, 193l-36, p. 7 l. Anur.'r. trIecliur-n-sizcd spccics, u.ing lenqth up to 2.7 nrm, costa cxtcnding- stronglv.to lein n, ,, discal ccll small, lasi scction of nr., , lonq, up to 3 l/z timcs penultirnate; frons re ddish r.ellori', thircl antcnnal scgnrcnt black;3f1 clc, prsc lacl

.\ l.qrn R.r,rr Ex.rr r rl r.n. Ontario: Thomhill, 17 6 j, 18 ? I, l0 ,\lev 196+ (J.R.\r-.)' Ottnva, 16, er f)itutthtrs, ri inter 1c)65-66; Pclee, 1 ? 15 Julv 1967; elso ntir-rcs rvith larvre on St p o tt d t' i t o//ic itt alis (K.A.S.).

T rilobomyza pleuralis ( illalloch ) Agrornyzu pletnalis N{alloch, 1914, p. 311. Holon-pe ? in INHS' Phytobio (Trilobontyza) pleurilis, Frich, 1953, p.7l; 1959, P. 391' Anur.r. An abelrant, distinctir-c specics u,ith orbital bristlcs and acr r elkrrv and oulv of dc; frons yelloq.ish bros'n; lrright cllo.u, thirJ seqment. distinctlV 2 pairs "nr"nrtr. l c,-riarge.1; jorvli decp, irp to li cr-e l'rcight; nrcso,-rr_turir,_ n(,11'Plcural trianglc, and hunrcrus blacl<, mcsopleura and ail lcgs bright r-cllori.; rving lcngth 2,5 tttttr, costa cxtendtng strongl)' to vcin rr,*,, last n, scction less than 1% times pcnulrirriate' i\{,qr,o Gpxrr,rr-u. LInl

Nenrorirnyza posticattr (Meigen) (Fig. 280) Agrontyza posticittd I'lcigen, 1830, p. 172. IJolotvpe d in Paris. I) izy,qort t y zn (D en dr on t I zd) p o st i c 0t it, Hcr.rclcl, I 9 3 1-3 6, p. 30' Pl:ytobia (l{emoritnyzt) posticdtt, Fricl<, 19,i9, p. 377. Ncruoriutyz(t posticdttrl Frcr', 19'16, p. '12; Ntlu'lliot-s1

~~276~~

~~-ffi .".t.t .;,U <-*--rt{~~

~~242~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 16] Britishcoru'rbia: J;,:l*'J;l,,1ffi;;T#J.t, Ontario: Midland, 16,20 Aug. 1955 (J.G.C.); Ottawa,29 ?,26 July 1955 ancl 21 July 1956 (J.R.V.); Penetang, T 6,31 July 1955 ("|"G.C.) and 16 June 1925 (N.K.B., G.S"W.); Point Pelee, 2 ? 9, .?0 July 1920. Quebec: Harrington L., Gatineau Park, 1d, 31 i\'{av 195,+ (E.E.S.);Knor'vlton, Bolton Pass, 1 9, 5 June 1963 (J"R.V.); Old Chelsea, 2I 9,5 and 11 June 1959 (C.II.N,{., J.R.V.);Beech Grove,2I 9,23 June 1951 (J.F.l,IcA.).

Gnuus Liriornyza Mik Liriontyza X,'[ik, 1894, p. 284. Type of genus: Liriowyza zn'ophorina \\i1<. The essential characters of this genus are the reclinate orbital setulae, costa extending to vein rru.: xfld vellorv scutellum; the frons is invariably yellorv and the pleura normally largely so. 'X{any species th.o.igho.rt the rvorld are u,ithout question monophyletic with the type of the genus but other smaller groups lvhich conform r.vith the generic concept on external characters have genitalia lvhich suggest they should correctly -fr','o be treated as separate genera" such genera, at .least partiallv supported by erternal morphology, have alreadv been erected Lewttrimyza Spencer, 1965b andPseudolirionryzn Spenccr, 1966a. l,{ore detailed- study of spccies on a world basis now appears desirable before further splitting is undertaken. Converselv, certain species lvith a dark scutellum, such tts Cephtloruyza cepae Hcring, 1927b have bcen transferred to Liriaruyza (Nou'akou'ski 1962, p. 96). The species occurring commonly in Onrario as a leaf-miner on PJtilsdelphns represents an undescribed species. This is verv similar to but clearlv distinct from L. philadelpl:l Sasakau.a, a leaf-miner on Philadelphus in Japan. Two spccies previously placed in Liriowyzt, pdcifica (i\'Ielander), and reuerberata l,{alloch (- dorsata Siebke) are transferred to Lernurimyza but for convenience are also included in the Liriotny:a kev. Lenturiwyzn pallida Sehgal is also included in the kev belo.lv. L. felti (N'{alloch) is l

Frcs.276*277, A'trtcrurotnyza subittfzunata: 276, aedeagus; 277, sperm sac. Frcs. 278--279, Trilobonryza fl.au-ifrons: 278, aedeagus; 279, sperm sac. Flc. 280, Neworitnyza posticata: aedeagus, dorsal vierv. Frcs. 281-282, Lirion\,za altskettsis: 281, mcsonotum; 282, aedeagus, ventral view. Frcs. 28J-28,1, L. angulicornis: 283, aedeagus, side vierv;28,1, same, ventral view.

~~Knn ro CaxatreN Liriomyza SpncrBs (incl. LentarimYza, couPlets 3, 13)~~

1 Mesonotum with yellow patch centrally adioining scutellum Mesonotum without such yellow pre-scutellar ate^ . . " .14 2 Third antennal segment bla.ck (Lenturimyza) Third antennal segment yellow : (Siebke) 5 Dark area of mesonotum divided into 5 bands dorsata (Mel.) Dark area of mesonotum largely solid ...... Pacifica ; Third antennal segment angulate dorsally .. ... angulicornis (Malloch) Third antennal segment rounded ..... 5 ) Scutellum entirely yellow 6 Scutellum at leasr partially darklaterally .... 10 ; Dark area of mesonotum mat, gray or brownish 7 Dark area of mesonotum shining black 9 7 Mesonotum with 5 reddish-brown bands Mesonotum mat gray, central area solid with lateral t r.rar r"prrf#t''#"r:L; from central area 8 Acr in 2 rows; distal tubules of aedeagus conspicuously dilated at end (Fig. 347) atctde sV n - i., in 4 to 5 ,o-r; ,"d.rgo, ending in simple tobol", (Fig' 307) ' - melamPYga (Loew) 9 Last section of vein m",n 1'/, times length of penultimate sorosis (Williston) 1 Last section of m.*, 2 times length of-penultimate philadelpbiT)ord sP' n' 10 Very large species, wing length-f.o- j.8 to 3.5 mm . . . . coTlspicua Sehgal Smailer rp..i.r, wing leigth-not more than 2 mm 11 1l Mesonotum shining-blac[ as in Fig. 314 . orillieni.'-t-'P:.1' (felti (Ma,lL)) - Mesonotum mat gray . . 12 12 Dark area of mesonotum solid, without separate lateral bands 13 Two lateral bands separated by yellow from dark central arel- . borealls (Malloch) 13 small species, wing lengrh 1.75 mm (female);2 ori . ranunculoid_er sP. n. Larger'species, wiig lcigth 2.6 mm (male); 1ori (Lenrurimyza) . pallida Sehgal v Thiid antennal segrirent at ieast partiallv dark 15 - Third antennal r.!-".rt entirelf yellow 21 15 Third anrennal sefment completely black . 16 Third antennal sJment partially paler, brown or yellow 18 16 5 or 6 orbital bristles; ,"d."gn, as in Fig. 126 . . quadrisetosa (Malloch) Only4orbitalbristles .. 17 17 Acr in 4 rows; all antennal segmenrs black . . . . baptisiae (Frost) - Acr in 2 rows; first and r..onJr.rr".nal segments yellowish; aedeagus asin Fig. 299 - eboni sP. n. 18 Second cross-vein lacking ' singula sp. n' Second cross-vein pt"tent 19 lg Mesonotum shining black, acr in 4 rows; femora black with bright 1'ellow knees 20 - Mesonotum blackiih gray, in 2 rorvs; femora variably yellowish black. ^cr . socldlts sp. n. 20 Aedeagus as in Figs. 297, 298 . cordiLlerana Sehgal - Aedeagus as in Figs. 330, 331 , . . . . . seqtentrionalis Sehgal 2l Femora essentiallv black . .. 22 . ,i Femora essentially yellow, though possibly with variablc black or brown striations .A 22 All knces bright vcllow - Knees only faintly yellowish arctii sp. L.

23 Aedeagus as in Figs. 297,298 .. cordillerana Sehgal Aedea"gus as in Fi"gs. 330, 33L septentrion:alls Sehgal 24 Squam"al fringe paL, yellowish ' lima (Mel') S{uamal frin-ge'darki brown or black " " ' 2t 25 Third antennal segment with conspicuously long, whitish pubescence 26 - Third antennal ."[.ne.tt with normal, slight pubescence - 30 26 Orbits shining black, both vt on black ground; mesopleura black in lower three- quarters, fem"ora distinctly darkened . . .. sp. (Constance Bay) Orbits yellow, both vt on yellow ground; femora yellow 27 27 Third antennal segment small, round 28 rhird gl:iot o"o:':'":: 1nre1n" :"-:": ::]ilt:u: "1::0"'"i'il ffio..o'; 28 Yellow patches at hind-corners of mesonotum large, first dc only iust on black sround: . "" orilliensissP'n' Yelow oatches at hind-corners of mesonotum small, first dc far removed from yellow:.. . 29 29 Aedeagus as in Fig. 309; surstvli long, narrow ' millef olii H9 - Aedea-gus as in Fi[s. 324, 325isurstyli shorter, broader pilosa sp' n' 30 Mesonotum entirely, almost brilliantly, shining black . 31 Mesonotum blackish or obviouslv gr^y, mos-t moderately shining 35 ^t 3l Mesopleura entirely black; aedeagus as in Figs. 316, 317 peleensis sp' n' Mesopleura yellow at least along-upper margin . 32 32 Small^speciei, wing length rarely more than 1.75 mm; last section of m,*r about 3 timl t Fiy zs+; ,:::".",tt,*',L?i*,,.r,J--1-^-^J linultlmat;,-aeaeas':,: 'nTl "iot,: Larger species, wing length 1.75-2.2 mm, Iast section of m"*n 2 to 2Yz times peniltimate 33 t5 Both vti and vte on black qround 34 Both vtf on fel]od ground, with nlrrow Oti.U U.n::t :"0 ":. "" *;l;m;\"#; 34 Aedeagus as in Figs. 302, 3A3; posterior spiracles of larva eachwithSbulbs...... euQatorii (Kak.) Aedeagus as in Figs. 289,290; posterior spiracles of larva each with.an ellipse of 10 min-ute bulbs . :...... asclepiadis sp. n' 35 vte on black ground, vti either just on yellow ground or at margin of yellow and black .. . : .. .. 36 - Both vte and vti on yellow ground 39 36 Upper orbits distincily darkened, grayish 37 Or6its yellow 38 37 Femora appearing blackish; small species, wing length 1.6 mm ' ' ' " edmontonensis sP' n' Femora almost entirely bright yellow " ' arcticold sP' n' 38 Femora blackish; mesopleura largely black, slightly yellowish above; acr in 4 rows norclrca sp. tr. Femora bright yellow; mesopleura largely yellow, with a small black bar on lower margin; acr in 2 rows . Rentt sP' n' 39 Acr-in2rows ' '" fricki Spencer Acr in 3 or 4 rows 40 40 Frons unusually broad, twice width of eye; I ors, 2 ori 4l Frons not more than 1% times widch of eye; 2 ors, 2 ori 42 4l Last section of vein m".n little more than twice penultimate; aedeagus as in Figs' 334.335; leaf-miner on Smilacina smtltcrnae sp' n' t':: *::1"" of m*12Y; :" I :'-:: T":1':-":l Ttiq": ::'" "n' #i;,::: ,p. ,.

~~A1 Mescrnotum black, not gray taraxaci I1g. N{esonotum obviouslv gravish a)~~

~~43 Aedeagus as in Fig. 341 . trifolii (Burgess) Aedeagus as in Figs. 344,3+5 . .. . . ueluta sp, n.~~

Liriomyza alaslcensis sp. n. (Figs. 281, 282) IJB,ro. Frons twice width of eye, not significantly projecting above eye in.profile;2 short, widely spaced ors, a single oii, orbital-setulae sparse, minute, almost lacking., iowls 7, vertical height-of eye; third antennal segment round, rvith normal' short in::.:t*::, Mesoxoruu. 3*1 dc, the fourth short, similar to ors; acr in 2 rows. trVrxc. Length 2 mm, last section of vein mr*, ]ust less than twice length of penultimate, in ratio 14:24. Coron. Head entirely yellow, including hind-margin of eye and antennae; mesonotum with reddish-brown bands (Fig.281), central area adjoining scutellum broadly yellow; pleura and scutellum entirely yellow; abdomen largely black but tergites with broad yellow hind- margins; squamae and fringe yellow. Mere GBNrrerra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 282. Tvpns. Holotype 6, Alaska, King Salmon, Naknek, 10 Aug. 1952 (J.B'H.)' in CNC, No. 10407; 1 I paratype, Alaska, Katmai, July 1917 (J.S'Hine), in USNM. Dracxosrs. The reddish-brorvn markings of the mesonotum are distinctive. I have examined the specimen recorded by Frick (1959, p.406) as the European species, L. Iutes Mg., and this is identical with the holotype of sluskensis. L. litea and this new species are externally virtually indistinguishable but the genitalia are entirely difierent; inlutea the distiphallus ends in two pale, relatively broad tubules. Frick (1959, p. 406) recorded L. lutea as having been reared in England from leaf-mines on the fern Asplenium rutamuraria L. This was based on a misidentification and it is now established thfi L. lutea feeds in the seeds of Heracleum, Pastinaco, and possibly other Umbelliferae.

Liriornyza angulicornis ( Malloch ) (Figs. 283, 281) Agromyza angulicortxis Malloch, 1918a, p. 79. Holotype a in USNM. Liriomyza angulicornis, Flendel, l93l-36, p.208; Frick, 1952, p' 401; 1959, p' 401. Liriomyza niglochiruae Hendel, 193I-36, p. 253, syn. nov. Syntypes 6, 9 in IJerlin. Aourr. Small species, with third antennal segment conspicuously angulate; mesonotum largely black, scarcely shining, rvith V-shaped yellow pre-scutellar patch; acr variable, in 2 to 4 rows, tr{er.s GENrrerte. Aedeagus as in Figs. 283,28+, Hosr-preNr/BIorocv, Triglochin nt:&ritimd. Drslnrnu1lox. Manitoba, Newfoundland, Saskatchewan; U.S.A.: Illinois; Europe. Ne\,y to Canada. RBlrenxs. There is no other known species in this genus with a similar angulare third antennal segment. Hendel attemPted to differentiate dngltlicornis fromtriglochinae by a difference in the rows of acr: 2 rows in the formet, I or 5 rows in the latter species. Flowever, there is clearly variation in this character,

with aruguli c orni s her ewith " It ii interesting to note that the holotype of angrilicorni's was taken on the shore of Lake Micliigan, a locality where Triglochitt might be exPected to occur' Me.r:onrar Exelrrxeu. Manitoba: Mile 505, Hudson Bay Rwv., 16, 19, 13 June and 24 July 1952; churchill, 1&, 5 Aug. 1952 (J.G.C.). There are many further specimens from Churchill in the CNC. W. Newfoundland: Lomand, I g ,14 JuW 1949 (H.K.). Saskatchewan: Eaglehill Cr., I 6, 18 May 1939 (A.R.B.). Denmark: Amager, copenhagen, lg, 2l Feb. 1930, ex Triglochin maritima (F. Gudman). Germany: Thuringia, I 6, 5 APr. 7954, ex T. maritima (H. Buhr). Both European specimens we-re identified by Hering as *iglochinae Hd.

Liriomyza arcticola sP. n. (Figs. 285, 286) Generally resembling L. edmontonensis,with following points of difference: Anur-r, Larger species, wing length 2.3 mm, Iast section of m"*. 3 times penultimate; with clearly mesopleura .otrrpi.ooorly black ii lo'iver three-quarters,,yellow. lb".u:": _de6ned boundary betweln black and yellow; femora bright yellow, with slight black striations on hind-Iegs. Man GtNrrarre. Aedeagus ending in 2 parallel tubules, slightly upcurved at end (Figs. 285,286). Hororvpr 6, Alaska, King Salmon, Naknek R", 11 July 1952 (W.R.M.M')' in CNC, No. 10408. DracNosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the darkened orbits, the black, only moderately shining mesonotum, the black mesoPleura and yellow femora. The male genitalia are entirely distinctive.

Liriomyza arctii sP. n. (Figs.287, 288) FIBnn. T'wo strong reclinate ors, 2 weaker, incurved ori; orbital setulae sParse, reclinate; iowls narrow, r:nly % eye height at rear, eye unusually large; third antennal segment round, with distinct but not conspicuously long pubescence. Mosolrorulr. 3{1 strong dc, decreasing in size regularly, acr numerous, in 4 or 5 rows. WrNc. Length 2 mm, discal cell large, last section of vein mr* twice penultimate' Coron. Frons, orbits, antennae entirely yellow; hind-margin of eye dark, black to vte, paler, more grayish up to base of vti; mesonotum black, outer corners broadly yellow, with inner post-alar on yellow ground; scutellum largely yellow, with only small black lateral patches; mesopleura black on lower three-quarters, yellow above, sternopleure largely black, only upper margin narrowly yellow; legs: almost entirely black, knees faintly yellow, tarsi slightly paler, brownish; squamae gray, margin and fringe black, Allaln Gnnrrerr.l. Aedeagus as in Fig. 287, surstyli normal, oval, rvith 1 strong bristle and some hairs at end. Lrer-urNB. Narrow, whitish, linear mine (Fig. 288), with frass initially greenish- diffused, iater in more distinct black strips; puparium dark brown, posterior spiracles each rvith 3 bulbs, pupation externally.

~~287~~

~~289~~

~~W 291~~

~~\! n 292~~

Frcs. 285-286, Liriomyza drcticoldi 285, aedeagus, side view; 286, same, ventral view. Ftcs. 287-288, L. arctii: 287, aedeagus, 'r'entral vieu'; 288, leaf-mine on Arctirmt minus. Frcs. 289- 29I, L. asclepiddis: 289, aedeagus, side view; 290, distiphallus, rrentral view; 291, larval mouth- parts. Frcs. 292-293, L. baptisiae: 292, aedeagus, side view; 293, distiphallus, ventral vie\r'. Frc. 294, L. brassicae: distiphallus, ventral view,

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv Hororvpn,, .J::, ;:.";;":,;Hffi::l^",.,, em 20 r",y':: Ieaf-mine on Arctiumminus,leg. 6 July 1967 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. Drecxosrs. The distinctive character of this species is the black legs with the femora only faintly yellowish at the knees. The leaf-min.r *.r" abundant on Arctium at Ottawa in early July and also at the end of September 1968 but, apart from the single larva obtained, were all already empty. Liriomyza asclepiadis sp. n. (Figs. 289-291) single HBer. Frons not prolecting above eye, 2 ors and 2 ori, orbital setulae _sparse, in row; iowls broad, Yz eye height; third antennal segment round, with normal pubescence. MnsoNoruu. Acr in 4 rows. WrNc. Length 1.6-2 mm, last section of m,.n 2 to 2% times length of pcnultimate. Coron. Frons, orbits, and antennae bright yellow, hind-margin of eye black, both vt on black ground, vti at border of yellow; mesonotum shining black, with conspicuous yellow patches at outer corners; scutellum broadly yellow centrally, black at sides; humerus, notopleural triangle, upper third of mesopleura brighr yellow; legs: femora yellow, tibiae and tarsi darker, yellowish brown; squamae with margin and fringe blackish. Mar-e GBxrreue. Aedeagus as in Figs. 289, 290. Ltar'-lrrwe. An irregular, partially inter-parenchymal blotch, frass in scattered black grains, pupation externally; frequently numeroui larvae in a single leaf; posterior spiracles of puparium each with an ellipse of about 10 bulbs; Iarval mouth-parts as in Fig. 291. Tnpos. Holotype d, Quebec, Perkin's N4ills, em. 2 Aug. from mines on Asclepias incarnata,' leg. 18 luly 1967 (K.A.S.); pararypes: 4i e, same data as holotype; Hull, 1 9, 7 Aug. 1961; 16, I 9, 7 July ind 7 Aug. 1962, all ex Asclepias (C.D.M.); Ontario, Ottawa, ld, I Aug. 1962, ex Asclepias (C.D.M.); U.S.A.: New Hampshire, Durham, 16 , 29 9, reared from milkweed, 10 July 1963 (R. Blenk); Indiana, Lafayette, 3 6 6,6 9 9, 1914, er A. syriaca (J.M.Aldrich); Washington, Donald, Yakima Co..2 A 6, 15 June 1949, ex A. speciosq Lot 210-l (K.E.F.). Holotype and paratypes in author's collection, further paratypes in CNC, No. 10409, and USNM. Drecxosrs. The sisnificant characters of this species are the black hind- margin of the eye with-both vt on black ground, the shining black mesonotum and partially yellow mesopleura. L. asclepiadls cannot be confused u'ith L. peleensis forming similar blotch- mines on Asclepias, which is a darker species with black orbits and mesopleura. However, it is not readily distinguishable from L. eu.patorii on external cha.racters although both the genitaiia and iarvae are enrirely diitinct.

Liriomyza baptisiae (Frost) (Figs. 292,293) Agromyza baptisiae Frost 191Ln, p. 275. Holotype 6 from Pennsylvania in USNM. Liriomyza baptisiae, Frick, 1952, p. 402; 1959, p. 402. Aoulr. Frons and orbits not significantly projecting above eye; 2 equal reclinate ors, 2 more incurved ori, the lorver weaker; iorvls broad, dceply extended at rear, there /t eye height; color of frons and orbits variable, the former normally brownish yellow but ranging from entirely yellow to brownish-black, orbits normally distinctly black but sometimes entirely yellow; mesonotum distinctly shining, deep black; humerus and notopleural area yellow, pleura otherwise black; legs almost entircly black, though in palest specimens fore-knees may be slightly yellowish, scutellum yello',v centrally but broadly black at sides, abdomen entirely

black; squamae darli grar', margin and fringe black; rving length from 1.8 to sl.ightlV over 2 nrm. Iasr section of m, , tu ice pcnultinrate. Il-qrp Gnxrr.{Lre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 292, 291, ninth sternite with narrorv sidc-arms, rounded at cnd, surstyli *,ith a"stout spinc-at end, sperm sac rvith gleatly enlarged blade. Host-pre;r-r/Brorocv. Baptisia tiTtctoria, Lttpitttts laxiflonts, and probably sericetts; Iarva forms upper-su-rface leaf-mine, initially Iinear, Iater irregularly blotch-like. greenish. u'jih frass dcposired in irrcgular grains and striPS; PtrPerium yellou.'ish ,o'ilit., posterior spiraclei black, each i'itn r-n ellipse of abouf tO bulbs on a low protuberance. Dts:rRtsultox. AIberta, British Columbia, Saskatche"r'an; U.S.A.: l'[ontana, Pennsvlvania. New to Canada. Rnrrenr

Liriomyza borealis ( Malloch ) Agrornyzu boredlis Malloch, 1913a, p. 280. Holot,vpe e in USNX"{. Liriotnyzu borealis,Frick, 1952, p.402;1959, p.402; Shervell' 1953, p.467' Aoru.r. Small species, head vellorv, dark markings of mesonotum (cf. Frick 1959, fig. 101) mat gray, rvith iateral bands'scparated by yellou' from central dark area; pre-scutellar area broadly 1'ellou'; corners of scutellun-r grayish black. Hosr-pres:r,/Btorocv. Unknorvn, Drsrnrsu:rrox. British Columbia. Rurr,rRr

Liriomyza brassicae (Ritey) (Fig. 29a) Oscittis brusicte f{ilsy, 1884, P. 322. Holotvpe e in USNIU' Liriontyzo brrssicte, Frick, lo5z, p. 102; 19f9, p. 402; Spencer, 196lb, p. 121; 1963b,p. 158; 1963c, p. 356;Stegmaier, 1967 c. Phytowyza ntitis curan, 1931b; Fricl<, 1959, p. +02. Liriornyzn httraiiertsis Frick, Spencer. 1963c, P. 356. Aourr. Srnall species, rving lcngth 2 mm; discal cell small, last section of vein m.*, about 3 times pcnultimate; orbits variable, either distinctly black or largely yellou'but both vertical

~~bristles invariably on black ground; mesonotum shining black, acr in 4 rows; femora yelIow, tibiae and tarsi darl~~

~~Manitoba: Aweme, 1 d, 3 Sept. 1929 (R. H. Handford), paratype of Ph. mitis.~~

~~Quebec: Great Whale R., 9 6 6,7 ? g, ex leaf-mines on Arabis drenicold) 8 Aug. 1e4e (J.R.V.).~~

~~Saslcatchewan: Indian Head, 1 d, 4 Oct. 1929 (K. Stewart).~~

Liriotnyza conspicua Sehgal (Figs. 295, 296) Liriomyza co'ttspicua Sehgal, 1968,p.66. Holotype 6 in CNC. Anurr. Very large species, v'ing iength from 2.8 mm in male to 3.5 mm in female, discal cell large, last section of m.*, thus only slightly longer than penultimate, in ratio 35:26; mesonotum with large, central, quadrate area adjoining scurellum yellow, yellow araas extending also laterally, so that botl-r second dc and inner post-alar just on vellor.v ground; dark area of mesonotum not divided into bands, essentially black rather than gray, mat; acr sparse, irregularly in 4 rolvs, none cxtending on to yellow area; mesopleura blacl< on Iou-ef_three-quirtersi femora bright yellorv, tibiai an

~~'ii,/~~

~~301~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv potaro tubers (.r. sp'""*,.t ;;,, ;;, ;'':*:,;::,, reeding 'Butomus umbellatuiL. in Europe ilearly belongs to the^;;l same grouP' """'""11 Mernnrer Exel,trNl;o.

Alberta: 10 mi E. of Jasper, 1 I , 16 June 1966 (V.K.S.)' ParatvPe' Manitoba: Minnedosa, I 6, 1 9, 7 June 1926 (R.M. White); 9 mi N' of Forrest, 16 and 3 ? 9, 29 June and 19 July 1958 (R'B.N{., R.L.H.); 5 mi SW' of Shilo' 2I I ,5 and 16 June 1958 (R.L.H.). Ontario: Ottawa, I 9, 3 June 1958. Saskatchewan: Saskatoon,2 6 6, 3 I 9, 9 May 19't9 (A'R.B.); 1 e, 28 J:J]y 1923 (N.L.Atkinson); l9 28 June 1941 (Arnason); Indian Head, 16, 3 Aug' 1939 (C. R. Douglas); Assiniboia, 1 s ,27 June 1955 (J'R.V.).

Lir io my za c or cl iller ana Sehgal (Figs. 297, 298) Liriomyza cordillersna Sehgal, 1968,p' 69. Holotvpe d in CNC' Aourr. Large species, wing lcngth up to 2.7 mm; orbits. entirely yellor'v, third antcnnal scgmenr normallli diitinctly .l"il."nei, brorvnish, but sometimes appcaring alrnost yeilow; mEsottotu- shining black, atr in 4 rows; femora black, yellorv at knees. Xllarn Gcxtr,que. Acdeagus as in Figs. 297, 298. Hosr-pr,cNr/Brorocv. Certainlv Gramineae but exact hosts not established. DrsrRrsurroN. Alberta, British Columbia. Rr:lrenrs. This species is not distinguishable externally from L. septentrionalis Sehgal, which also occurs in the mountain areas of Alberta. The, gelitalia indicate i close relationship of the trvo species but are different in detail. These species belong to the samC group as L. flat:eola Fall6n and L. pedestris Hd., trvo European grass-feeders. nrictltOsl, p.405) identified as the European speci-es L; flaaeola (Fall6n) a species onBromui, Hordeum, and Lolium in Central California. It remains to be eitrbli.hed whether this also lepresents I-. cordillerand ot L. septentriol'tdlis. A{e.rnnrer Exer,rrxoo. Alberta: Banff, 16, 3 Sept. 1966; Blairmore, 16, 26 June 1966 (both V.K.S')' paratypes; Jasper, | 6 ,25 July 1926 (J.NlcDunnough). British Columbia: Cultus L.2 6 6, 4-10 July 1948 (H.R.F.). Liriomyztt eboni sp. n. (Fig. 2ee) Hn.qo. Frons rather distinctly projecting above eye in front, one,reclinate ors' 2 incurved ori; orbital setulae sparse, incurved oi reclinate; cheeks forming distinct.ring below eye, jowls deeplV extended at rear, I height of eye; third antennal segment small, round. A{BsoNorur,r. First and second dc strong, about equal, third and fourth conspicuously rveaker, little longcr than acr, these in 2 rows.

Frcs. 295-296, Liriomyza conspicua: 295, aedeagus, side view; 296, distiphallus, ventral vierv. Frcs. 297-298, L. cordillerana: 297, aedeagus, side view; 298, distiphallus, dorsal view. Frc' aedeagus, 299, L. eboni: A, aedeagus; B, ninth sterniie. FIcs. 300-301, L. edmontonensis: .300, side view; 301, same, ventral view. FIcs. 302-301, L. eupatorii: 302, aedeagus, side vierv; 303, distiphallus, ventral view. Frc, 304, L. fricki: distiphallus, ventral view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 17+ MEMoIRS oF TI'IE ENToIIoLoGIcAL soclETY oF CANADA WrNc. Length 1.6 mm, last section of vein rn"*n 21/z times length of penultimate' coron. Frons, orbits, and jowls yellow; hind-margin of eye black. \'ti also on black ground; third antennal segment biack, fiist and seco_nd disiinctly, yellowish; mesonotum shining Blackr humerus largely, iotopleural triangle entirely yelloiv; plcura otherw.ise entirely bla.ck. fro- r ellow Ind'entation on upp.t ti., of mcioplcural- siutellu.m bright ycllow. centrally, biack"p".. at sides; legs: almost entirely'6lack, apart froni fore-knees which are narrorvly yellow; . squamae gray, margin and fringe black. X,{arB GnNrr.lrre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 299A, ninth sternite with narrow side-arms, rounded at cnd (Fig. 2998); surstyli with one stout bristle at end. Horo-1vpo 6, Alberta, Blairmore, 26 June 1966 (K'A'S'), in author's collection. DrecNosrs. This species belongs to the small grouP with the third antennal by segmenr black but is iistinguishable from borh quadrisetosct ,and baptisiae n""ing the acr in only Z rouis; the arrangement of orbital bristles with 1 ors and 2 ori is also distincti'i'e.

Liriomyza ed'tnontone'nsis sp. n. (Figs' 300' 301) HBao. Orbits slightly raised abovc e1'e, rvith 2 equal ors and 2 similar ori (though lorver ori may be redoccd to a fine trair); orbital setulae sparse but relatively long; iowls about % \'erti;el eye heighq third antennal segment small' round' bare' N4osoNorur'r. 3f1 dc, third and fourth long, acr irregularly in 4 rows' wrNc. Length 1.6 mm in male, last section of m.*. variable, from 2 to 3 times penultimate. Coron. Frons and antennae orange-1.ellorv, orbits distinctly grayish, hind-margin of eye entirely black, vti just on black g.oo.td'"t edge of yello',v; mesonotum blackish gray, only extending along front moderatelf shining; mesopleura blaik in lor,ver-half, the black -and hind-margins leavi"ng upper central area yellow; sternopleura largely black, narrowly yellow along upier -"tginil"gr' coxae largelv biack, femora esientially yellow but variably d_arkened, in d"arLest speciinens ippearing ali'roit black from above, tibiae and tarsi brorvnish black; squamae yellorvish gray, margin and fringe black. Mer-r GnNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 300, 301. Tvprs. Holotvpe 6 , Alberta, Edmonton, Univ. Campus, 8 June 1966; par.a- types: 1d, same data (both K.A.S.), in aurhor's collection; British Columbia, Chilcotin, 1 d, 18 June 1920 (E. R. Buckell), in CNC, No. 10410. DrecNosrs. The darkened orbits and femora are distinctive, making this species immediately recognisable in the group with the vti on yellor'v ground and the vte on black.

Liriomyza eupatorii ( I(altenbach ) (Figs. 302,301) Agrotnyzu eupdtorii Kaltenbach, 1871, p. 320. Tt.pes from Germany' lost, Liriotnyza eupdtorii) Hendel, 1920,p.143;1931-36, p. 217; Frick, 1959, p' 404' Aour.r. X{edium-sized species, rving length 2-2.2 mm,last section of vein m.rn little over entirely yellorv; hind-margin of eye trvice penultimate; frons, orbits, and "it"ntr"" .b.lack, this exJending to base of iti (rarely the 'r-ti may be ]ust on yellow ground); mesonotum shining black, acr iri4 ro*'s; mesopleura black in lower half or even three-quarters, yellow above; femora bright yellolv, tibiae and tarsi blackish bror'vn. A{er.t Gnxrrer-te. Aedeagus as in Figs' 302, 303. Hosr-prexr/Brorocv. Aster, Eupatorium (in Europe Galeopsis), larva forming linear nline, commencing tvith a distinct spiral; Posterior spiracles each with an ellipse of 3 bulbs, one elongated, bending, hook-like'

Liriornvza friclci SPencer (Fig. 30+) Liriontyza fricki Spencer, 1965a, p. 35. Holotvpe a in USNII' Anurr. C)rbits entirelv vcllorv, both vti and r.te on vcllos' ground; head narrowly black acr in- onlv 2 rorvs; beyoncl vte; third ,.g-.nt Vello$'; T9:onotym nat. glavish, mesoplcura iargelv "t-tt".tn.iycllol-, .riJt at most small black bar ou l

~~r\'l-q.rr,;n t u Eur t tx tto. Allrerta: Ell< Is. Parl<, 3 a e ,19, ent. 20-22 June 1966 ex leaf-n.rines on Lathyrtrs arueri- oclcroletrctrs, leg. 7 Jqr1c; Oliotol~~

Ontario: Ottaura, N4er Bleue, I d, 3 June 1966 (K.A.S.); Bell's Cornets, 1 6, 1 9, 31 Aug. and 4 Sept. 1962, exTrif olirnnrepens (C.D.X'{.). Quebec: Ste. Foy, 1 6 ,20 July 1962, ex Trif oliunt repens. U.S.A.: Washington, Benton Co., Prosser, | 6,3 June 1953, ex Medicago sdtian) holotype; also 12 paratypes. sp' n' 'ot"*'6i..*:#li Hpan. Orbits rvith 2 ors and 2 incurved ori, orbital setulae sparse, almost lacking, ]owls slightly less than % verttcel hcight of eyc; third antennal segment sonewhat quadrate, slightly enlargcd. X.{osoworur.r. 3*1 dc, fourth short, slender, acr in only 2 rorvs. WrNc. Length 1.9 mm, last section of mrn, twice length of penultimate. Coron. Frons, orbits, and antennae pale, lemon-vellorv, hind-margin of eye_black' vte on blacl< ground, vti at border of black and yellorv; mesonotum blackish gray, distinctlY mat; bar on lorver margin, sidcs of tf,orax lrrgely pale vellow, mesopleura rvith small blacl< -rvhich does not extend to-hind-nrargin; legs: coiae and femora bright yellow, tibiae and tarsi darker, brolvnisl'r; squamae yellorvish gray, margin and fringe brownish black. A,Iaro GaNrrar.r.r,. Aedeagus ending in 2 tubules, substantially dilating at end, base of distiphallus abnormally enlarged (Fig. 305). Tvpos. Holotype 6, British Columbia, Prince George, 18 June 1966 (K.A.S.); paratypes: Alberta, Jasper, 16', 19 June 1966 (K.A.S.); Edmonton, Whitemud Cr., 16, 13 June 1966 (V.K.S.). Holotype and paratype in author's collecrion, one paratype in coll. Sehgal. Drecxosrs. This is a conspicuously pale species. The acrostichals in onlv two rows are distinctive. The male senitalia are somewhat aberrant but the species is in all other respects typical of tf,e genus I have pleasure in niming this qpecies after my cousin E. Nelson-Kent, City Clerk of Piince George, whbse hospitality and assistance with transPoft made possible my collecting in the Prince George area.

L ir io m! za rlim.", olf "t"tu"" Agromyza lirna \Ielander, 191J, p.265. LectotYPe 6 from Moscow N{t,, Idaho, desiqnated by Frick. 1957, in USNM. Liriotnyia lirna,Frick, t952, p. 404; t957. p.203; 1959, p. 406. Agromyza holti Malloch, 192+, p. 191. Holotype e in USNM' Liriotnyza holti,Frick, 1952, p. 403 1957, p. 203; 1959, p. 406. Anur.r. Very small species, wing length 1.6 mm; frons, entire hind-margin of eye, antennae pale yellow; -"ro'notu- -"tJ blr.kith gray to margin of scutellum in ccntre, but yellow on' orrt6, .o.n.r., acr sparse! in 2 rorvs; iesopleura lirgely yellorv, with small black bar along lorver margin; legs: coxae and femora bright yellorv, tibiae and tarsi darker, brownish; squamac: and fringefrinEe pale,pale. vellorvish.yellorvish. Mela GrNrrer-ra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 306. FIosr-preNr/Brorocv. Unknown. Drsrnrsurrox. Alberta; U.S.A.: Idaho, S. Dakota. New to Canada. Rprrenrs. The distinctive character of this species is the pale squamal fringe, rvhich distinguishes it from other species with a mat mesonotum, in which the squamal fringe is black. Mernnrel Exellxpo. Alberta: Edmonton, | 6,21May 1946 (W.R.M.N'{.).

~~306~~

~~=-r~~

~~$ 308 307 ; 41,,, ,1r'r i,i~~

~~309 \ 311 310~~

~~: -- '-'::'1 -,4@n--,"-',"' '- l-a- -:- ,:--."~~

~~312 313~~

Frc. 305, Liriomyza kenti: eedeagus, side view. Frc. 306, L. lima: aedeagus, ventral view. Frc. 307, L. melaznpyga: aedeagus, side view Frcs. 308-310, L, mi.Ilef olii: 308, third antennal segment; 309, aedeagus, ventral view; 310, surstylus, Frc. 311, L. montana: aedeagus. Frcs, 372-373, L. nordica: 312, aedeagus, side view; 313, same, ventral view.

Liriomyza melampyga ( Loew ) (Fig. 307) Agromyza nrcldnipygd Locw, 1869, p. 48. Lcctotvpe 9, designated by Frick, 1957, in \\CZ. Lirioruyza melampyga, Frick, 1952, p. 401;7957, p. 203;1959, p. 407; Shervell, 1953. p. 467. Agroznyza-impatietttis Brischke, 1881, p.245, syn. nov. Lirioruyza intpatientis, Hendel, 1931-36, p. 225. Anr,rr. Hcad entircly r-cllow, including hind-margin of et'e; darl< area of mesonotum cntirely mat, blackisl.r grav, distinctly diiided into bands (cf. Frick 1959: 69,113), central area adioining scutellum 1'ellou.; mesopleura, fcmora yellorv; squamae yellorv, margin and fringc black; rving length about 2.2 mm. Xlerr Grsrr-orrre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 307, distiphallus ending in trvo long tubes, u'ithout significant djlation at end. Hosr-prexr/Brorocv. Intpatiens cflpensis, noli-ttmgere, and other Im.patiens spccies, lerva forming irrcgular linear blotcl-r-mine, pupating externally; puparium reddish bro-uvn, posterior spiracles each rvith 3 bulbs. Drstnrnurrox. Ontario; U.S.A.; Europe. Rnrrenrs. There has bcen great confusion in the past about the true identity of L. melarnipygd. Frost (1924) considercd the species on Philadelphus and Plutago as representing melawpygd, and Malloch (19134) also associated the rramc rvith the species on Pluttd,qo. I have examined the fcmale lcctotvpc and also the genitalia of the male svntvpc of melarn.py ga and find that thev agree rvith those of the European species, irnpatietttis Brischkc, feeding on lwpdtieTts. Tlie host-plant of melarupyga is thus established and irupaticzrls Brischl(e js s,ynonvmised .iith nteldntpy gd Loew herewith. Leaf-mines of tnelarupygd were common ot L cdpensls in the Ottar'r'a area in earlv Ju.ll' 1967 and on l. ttoli-tnngere at Edmonton in Jur-re 1966 but unfortunately no spccrmcns \\'crc reared. Frost (1921,p.40) discusses thc habits of this species (as boredlis Ilalloch).

~~r\ {.qrtiRt,lr Ex,qltrx r,:o.~~

~~Ontario: Dou"s s\\'amp, 1 3, 5 Julv 19.17.~~

~~U.S.A.: District of Columbia: 1 6,1I (OstcnSacl~~

Liriomyza millelolii Hering (Figs. 308-310) Liriorttyzn ntillefolii Hering, 1927d, p. 185; Hcr-rclel , 7937-36, p.233. Holotvpe I in Berlin. Aour-r. Small spccics, s'ing lengtl-r little more than 1.6 mm, discal cell srnall, Iast section of vein m,,.,3 times lcngrl'r of penultinratc; upper orbits t'cllou', both lcrtical bristles on vcllorv ground but hind-rnargin of cvc blacl< immcdiatelr- bevoncl basc of vte; nresonotum shining black, acr in 4 ros.s; r.ncsoplcnra largelv lcllorv, s'ith snrall blacl< bar on lorver margin; fcnrora vellou..; third antennal scgnrcnt u'ith conspicuously lolrg s'hitish pubesccncc (Fig. 308). r\Iqr-o Gtxrur-re. Aedcagus as in Fig. 309; surstyli conspicuously long and narrow (Fig. 310). Hosr-r,r.,rNr,/Brorocr.. Achillea ntillefolhtm, sibirico, ancl probably other species, larva formirrg irregular u-hitish lincar minc.

~~Alberta: Banff, 2 3 3 ,28 June 1966 (V.K.S.), ParatYPes.~~

Liriomyza nord'ica sP. n. (Figs.312,313) Flaen. C)rbits rvith 1 ors and 2 ori, orbital setulae sparse; ]orvls about % l-reight of eye; third antennal segment small, rounded. MBsoNoruv. 3+1 strong dc, acr irregularlv in 'l rorvs. WIxc. Length 2 mm, last section of m"nn almost 3 times penultimate. coron. Frons, orbits, and antennae yellorv; hind-margin of eye black, vte on black ground, vti at border of yeilow and blacl<; nlesonotum blackish gfay, mat; _mes9ll,ey1a largely blackish grav, indistinctly yellowish in upper quarter; legs: appearing largely blackish, though with distinct yellorv undertone; squamae gray, margin and fringe black. A4.u.B Goxrrqr-re. Aedeagus as in Figs. 312, 313. Hororvpn 6, Alaska, King Salmon, Naknek R', 6 Julv 1952 (W.R.N't.Atl.), in CNC, No. 10411. Drecxosls. This is essentially a dark species and the largely black legs and mesopleura are distinctive.

Liriomyza orilliensis sp. n. (Figs. 314, 315) HBel. Tr.vo reclinate ors, one incurved ori, orbital setulae sparse, almost lacking; third antennal segment round, slightly enlargcd, rvith conspicuously long upcurved pubescence.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 180 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoGI' Mpsoporug (Fig. 314). 3f1 well-devcloped dc, with a fifth short bristle distinctly differentiatcd; acr sparse, in 4 rorvs. WrNc. Length 1.9 mm, last secrion of mr,n ]ust over 2yz times length of penultir-nate. cor.on. Frons, orbits, antennae yellow; both vti and vte on yellow ground, hind-margin of eye entirely yellow but black closely approaching eye; mesonotum black but largely mat, conspicuously large yellow patchcs at hind-corners, ioined by narrow yellor'v band scparating (Fig' scutellum largelv r'vith basal scutellars cential black fio- scwellum 3la); 'vellorv' on yellow ground"t"t but smell black patches bciorv; mesopleura entirely yellow, black of sternopleura and-hypopleura

Liriomyzct peleensis sP. n, (Figs' 316-318) [,Iosoxorurv. 3{1 dc, third and fourth short, acr numerous in 6 rows' wrNc. Length 1.6-2 mm, discal cell small, last section of mr* 3 times length of penultimate. coron. A very dark species. Frons yellowish, all antennal segments ycllow; orbits darkened; hind-margin of eye largclv'vti shining black, bases oi orbital bristles distinctly _black, bot'h an6 vte on black ground; mesonotum shining black, without yellow patches at hind-corners, scutellum ycllori ccntrally but broadly black at sides; humerus and notopleural triangle dull yellorv, pieura otherr.,ise almost entirely black; legs: femora predominantly yelloiv but frequently- stightly darkened, tibiae and tarsi black; squamae gray, margin and fringe black. A{.trB Gnxrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Figs. )16,317' Lenva/Lner.-urxr. Larva forming lcaf-mine on Asclepias incanzata, numerous larvae in a single leaf, forming a large blotch frass scattered irregularly in greenish-black grains; "vith postcrior spiracles each with an ellipse of about 10 bulbs; mouth-Parts as in Fig. 318. Tvpns. Holotype 6, Ontario, Pelee, em. 31 July ex leaf-mines on Asclepias, leg. 16 July 1967; paratypes: 4 6 6,8I ?, em. 28 J"ly-2 Aug' 1967, otherwise same data (K.A.S.). Holotype and paratypes in author's collection, further paratypes in CNC, No. 10413. Drecxosrs. This is an unusually dark species, immediately distinguishable from L. dsclepindis, which also forms similar, though smaller, blotch-mines on Asclepias, by the black orbits, black mesopleura, and smaller discal cell. It is also distinguishable from the other species having dark orbits, L. brassicae, by the signifi cantly darker pleura.

~~'\l--'---- 1i 314ir'~~

~~/,,,,,.-_1_=r. P '----'\- .1 / 'rr, .i.:-:. /: \!._. t--- \~~

~~316 318 317~~

~~A r .i\ __€ s7-----.Eo 320 .@_. i~~

~~''irl: , 319 ,%~~

~~.:,14~~

~~322~~

Frcs. 314-315, Liriomyza orilliensis: 314, mesonotum; 315, aedeagus. Frcs. 316-318, L. peleensis: 316, aedeagus, side view;317, same, ventral view;318, larval mouth-parts. Frcs.319-323, L, philadelphiuora: 319, aedeagus, side view; 320, distiphallus, venrral vierv; 321, surstylus; 322, leaf-mine on Philadelphus corondrius; 323, pharyngeal skeleton of larva. Frcs, 324-325, L. pilosa: 121, aedeagus, side view, 325, distiphallus, ventral view.

Liriomyza pilosa sP. n. (Figs. 32.1, 325) Fln,co. Trvo equal ors, one smaller ori rvith an additional minute bristle below; orbital segnent small, round, rvith fine pubcscence. setulae sparse, irregular; tl-rird antennal "vhite IlBsoNoruu. 3fl dc, third and fourth equal, cquidistant each side of suture; acr irrcgularly in 4 ro'n'"'s. .Wrxc. Lengrh l.75 mm, discal cell small, last section of t'ein tn.n. 3 times length of Penultlmate. Cor-on. Frons, orbits, antennae entirely lrellow; both vti and r-te on ycllorv ground but hind-margin of et'e blacl< iml-rediatcly beyond basc of \-te; mesonotum brilliantly shining black, vellov'patches at hind-corncrs small, inner post-alar on blacl< ground; nresopleura rvith a black triangle in loll'cr front corner, black extending just more than half rvay along front

and lower margins; legs: fenora cntirch'r'ellou', tibiae and tarsi only slightly darker, ycllorvish brorvn; squamal margin and fringc black. \Iero Grsrr,tr.q. Aedeagus as in Figs. 321, 325; sursn'li o\-al, not distinctll' elongated. Hororr-pn 6, Alberta, Edmonton, Llniv. Campus, 20 June 1966 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. Dtecxosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the long antennal pubcscence and shining black mesonotum. Horvever, these charactcrs are in common -lith nTillef olii F{g. and at the momcnt the trvo species can only be distinguished by the male genitalia,

Liriomyza eguadrisetosa ( Malloch ) (Figs. 326, 327) Agrowyza quadrisetoscr l{alloch, 1913a, p. 332. Holotype I from Teras in USNN,{. Liriontyzct quadrisetostt, Frick, 1952, p.105;1959, p. 409 (fig. of head). Aourr. One reclinate ors,,l or 5largelv incuned ori, jou'ls deeplv extcnded at rear; antcnnae and legs entirelr., orbits largelv, black; pleura black apart from upper margin of mesoplcura; rving length about 2,,1 r-nrn, last scction of vein m.r. trvice penultimate. II-qn GExrr,lr.u. Aedeagus as in Ftg. 326, ninth stcrnite v'ith broad side-arms and greatlv elongated aedeagal apodemc (Fig. 327), surstvli blacl<, oval, rvith numerous short bristles on inncr face; sperm sac rvitl-r cnlargcd bladc and borvl-shaped base. Hosr-pusr,/Brorocy. Unknou'n. Drsrnrnuttox. Quebec; U.S.A.: Texas, Indiana, Ner,v York (Frick 1959). Rnrrenrs. This is a distinctive species rvith entirely blacl< antennae but closelt'resembles L. baptisiae (Frost). It is distinguishable by the more projecting frons, more numerolls brbital bristles, and somel,iiat larger size. The male genitalia are entirelv different from those-of bnptisiae, shor,ving that despite their superficial resemblancc thev are not in fact closely related. The strong ninth sternite \\'ith its conspicuouslv clonqated hvpandrial apodeme and the entirelv different form of aedeagus even suggest that quadrisetosct could be placed in a genus separate from Liriotnyzrt. Horvever, this is not formallv proposed, as iiseems disirable to rcvise Liriornyzd on a \\'orld basis before splitting it further. Mnrpnrer ExAlrrr*ro. Quebec: Beech Grove, 1 A, 18 Julv 195a (J.F.I{cA.).

Liriomyza ranunculoides sp. n. (Figs. 328, 329) Hr,cl. Tg'o ors and fivo ori, orbital sctulac in singlc rot', short, reclinate; cve slanting, jorvls % eve height, at rear dceper, % I thirtl antennal scgmcnt sniall rvith distinct, short pubescence. llasororurr. 3*1 dc, acr sparse, in 2 rou's. WrNc. Length 1.75 mm, discal cell small, last section of r.ein m.,, ts'ice penultimate. Coron. Frons, orbits, jorvls, antennae, and hind-margin of eye yellorv; mesonotum mat, blackish grav, u'ithout lateral dark bands, central prc-scutellar area yellorv, V-shapcd (Fig. 328); scutellum distincdy black at sides; mesonotum largely vellorv but blackish gray along lou'cr margin; legs: femora r.cllor', tibiac and tarsi dark bro.,vn; abdomcn largcly black but last tergite alnrost completely vellorv, rvith onlv front margin narrou'ly black centralli-. Loen-utNn/Pupenrur.r. Linear, condcnsed in one leaf-segment, thus producing appearance of a blotch, frass scattered irregularly in fine grains or strips.

Pupation externally; puparium brown, posterior spiracles each with 3 bulbs (Fig. 32e). Hororypn, g , Ontario, roadside nr. Dunrobin, em. I Aug. 1967 ex leaf-mine on Rsnrntcttlus sp., possibly acris,leg. 19 July 1967 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. DIecxosIs. This species is readily distinguishable from L. borealis, the only species of comparable size with the pre-scutellar area yellow and the sides of the scuqellum black, by the solid dark area of the mesonotum (divided, with rwo lateral bands in borealis). It clearly resembies L. assimilis (i\'{alloch) from Illinois. Flowever, Frick (1959, p. 401 ) has identifie d x ussinilis specimens reared by Frost from H elianthus sp. These are certainly distinct from the specimen from Ranunculus. It cannot of course be excluded that the specimens from HelianthLrs ate rvrongly identified as assimilis, which might in that case prove to be the species on llanrmcrilus. This can only be clarified when the genitalia of the male holotype of assimilis and of males from Helianthus and Ranunculus can be examined. Until such time it seems preferable to describe as new the reared specimen from Ranunculus. There is a single female in the CNC from Arvem-e, Ilan., in this group but it is impossible to decide whether it represents assimilis or ranunutloides.

Liriomy za septentrionalis Sehgal (Figs.3l0,331) Liriomyza septentrionalis Sehgal, 1968, p. 70. Holotype 6 in CNC. Aour-r. Relatively large species, wing length 2.7 mm, discal cell large, last section of r-ein m"*, thus onlv 1% times lengtl-r of penultirnate; frons and orbits entirely yellow, third antennai segment variable, cither yellow or distinctly darkened, brorvnish torvards apex; mesonotum shining black, acr in 4 rows; mesopieura black in lower three-quarters, yellorv abor.e, increasingly so torvards hind-margin; femora black, broadly ycllow at knees. A{arB GnNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 330, 331. Hosr-plexr/Brorocv. Gramineae, larva forming linear mine, pupating externally; puparium reddish brown, posterior spiracles each r.vith 3 bulbs. Dtsrnrsutrox. lAlaska; Alberta. Rnr.ranrs. The black femora, shining black mesonotum, and largely black mesopleura make this a distinctive species, i"-hi.h, holel,er, is only distingirishable from L. cordillerana Sehsal by small but sienificant differences in the male genitalia. L. septen*ioniiis cl,osely resemblei the European grass-feeder, L. pedestris Hd., but the aedeagus is quite distinct (cf. Spencer 19669, fig.Z). Merrnrer ExANTTNED.

Alberta: Jasper, 1 6, 18 June 1966 (V.K.S.), paratvpe. A female from Alaska, Cold Bav, on tundta, 12 Aug. 1952 (.W.R.M.) probably represents this species. Liriornyza sin,gula sp. n. (Figs.332,313) HEer. Frons slightly more than 1% times width of eye, not projecting above eye in profile; 2 equal ors, 2 ori, the lou.er somervhat rveaker; iorvls substantially extended at rear, about % vertical eye height; third antennal scgment small, round. A{asoNorur'r. Acr sparse, irregularly in 4 ror.vs. Wrxc. Lcngth 1.5 mm, second cross-r-ein absent, Coron. Frons yellow, orbits narrowly darkened, both 'r.t on black ground, vti at border with yellou', entire hind-margin of eye black; third antennal segrnent distinctly darl

~~326 327~~

~~324~~

~~/.i"n 4u~~

~~!.:: rW332 333~~

Frcs.326-327, Liriomyza quadrisetosa: 326, aedeagus; 327, ninth sternite, Frcs,328-329, L. rattunculoides: 328, mesonotum;329, posterior spiracles of puparium. Frcs.330-131, 1-. septentriondlis: 330, aedeagus, side view; 331, distiphallus, dorsal view. Frcs.332-333, L. singuLd: 332, aedeagus, side view; 333, same, ventral view. Frcs. 33+336, L. smilacinae: 334, aedeagus, side view; 335, same, ventral view; 336, leaf-mine on Smilacina stellata.

brorvnish, above and on outside, paler, yellorvish, on inside; mesonotum black, only moderateiy shining, ,id"s of scutellum blacl'.; meJopleura black in lower half; legs: femora essentialiy yelloui, but distinctly darkened, grayish, tibiae and tarsi brown' Mar-o GBNtreLrA. Aedeagus as in Figs. 332, 313- Tvpns. Holotype 6, Alberta, Elk Is. Park, 7 June (K.A.S.); paratype: Blairmore, 7 6,26 iune 1966 (V.K.S.). Holotype in author's collection, paratype in coil. Sehgal. immediately distinguishable by its small size, Iack DrecNosrs. This species is -antennal of the second cross-v;in, and darkened' third s6gment. It closely resembles L. chlamydara (Mel.) from Washington State (cf. Frick 195.9! P- 403) but Mr. Steyskal has kindiy compared the aediagus of the holotype with that of singula and considers them to be distinct'

Liriornyza smilacinae sP. n. (Figs. 33+336) Hoel. Frons broad, up to twice width of eye; l strong reclinate ors,-2 slighdy r'vealcer o.i, Jl""rt partially incuri,e,l; orbital setulae ,i.ort, rpt.tE; eye s.mall. distinctly slanting, segment slightly longer than broad, 1o*ts de"p, i ve,rtical height of eye; third antennil aPPeanng Dare,^ltrott MBsoNorurt. Acr sparse, in 3 or 4 rows but irregular and reduced' wlNc. Length from 1.75 to 2 mm, last section of m,*n little more than twice penultimate. colon. Frons, orbits, antennae pale yellow, both vt on yellow ground but hind-mar'gin of eye black immediately beyond base of'vte; mesonotum distinctly. variable, blackish gray' at riost moderately shining, hormally more mat but with some subshine; mesopleura largely r ellow, rvith faint' blacl< b"ar on lc,rver margin; Iegs: femora.bright yellow, tibiae and tarsi darl<, brownish blacl<; squamae yellowish gr-ay. maigin and fringc blackish' Mert GBNrrer.Ia. Aedeagus as in Figs. 33+,3j5. Lenve/Lner-MrND: Larva forming conspicuous white, linear mine in smilacinaspp. (Fis. 336), posrerior spirailes eac6 with an elliPse of 8-10 bulbs. Tvpos. Holotype d, Alberta, Edmonton' Whitemud-Cr'' em' 15 July ex leaf-mine on Smiticind stelldta, leg. 29 June 1966 (K.A.S'); Pl-r3tyP^e:: | (;, Whitemud Cr., 9 Julv, ex leaflmine, leg: 16 June 1966 (K'A'S')i 16, Whitemud Cr., 13 June ilOO (V.K.S.); N4anit-oba, Brandon, 1d, em. 25 July 1958 ex leaf-mine on "False Solomon's Seal," leg. 15 July (J.G.C.)' Holotype_and leaf- paratype in author's collection, one ParatyP; in CNC, No. 10416. Empty *inei btt Smilacitta sp., Pelee, Ont., 16 July 1967 (K'A.S.). DrecNosrs. The distinctive characters are the broad frons, single reclinate ors, both vt on yellow ground and grayish-black mesonotum. I'. snilacinae cloiely resembles L. undutita but is sliglitly larger and the discal cell is also larger, so that the last rlr*r s€ction is little -o"t. th.tt i'il'ice the Penultimate section. Liriomyza socialis sP. n. (Figs' 337. 318) F{nel' Frons not pro]ecting above.el'e; 2 ors' I or 2 ori' orbital setulae weak' sparse; tZ round. iowls extended at rear, treigt'tt"of eve; ihird antennal segment small, Mrsoxoruu. Acr sparse, in 2 rorvs. WINc. Lensth from 1.75 mm in male to 1.9 mm in female; last scction of m'*n J times length of penultin:'rate. on dark ground; Cor.on. Frons and orbits yellorv, hind-margin of e1'e black, !:'f "! third antennal segmenr variable,'darkened, alrnosientircly- black or. distinctly paler, brownish, rvith sotr-re invariably -ot" 1i"lto* on insidc; mesonotum blac,k, slightly grav, distinctly mat but subshinejscutetllm broadly black at sides; mesopleura-somei'hat variable, either largely black

Liriomyza tararaci Hering (Fig. 3a0) Liriotnyza taraxaci Hering, 1927a, p. 184; Hendel 1931-36, p. 252. Holotype from Germany in Berlin. Arur.r. Small species, rving length less than 2 mm; upper orbits entirely yellorv, both vt on yellor.v ground but hind-margin of eve black beyond vtei mesonotum black, only moderately shining; mesopleura largely yellow, rvith small black bar on lorver margin; femora essentially yellow, possibly rvith slight brorvnish striations. A{ero GnNrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 3,10. Hosr-pte^-t/Brorocv. Taraxacunt spp., probably Cichorirnn intybtts and possibly some other genera of the Liguliflorae, larva forming small, irregular blotch, posterior spiracles each u,'irh an ellipse of 9 bulbs. Drs:rnteulrrox. Alberta, Ontario, Quebec; Europe. New to North America. Rerr.tnxs. The distinctive characters of this species are the entirely yellow upper corner of the orbits, lvith both vertical bristles on yellow ground and the black mesonotum. It is generally similar to L. millef olii but is distinguishable from this species by the largely bare third antennal segment. It probably occurs widely throughout Canada in association with Taraxacrnn. M.Lronrlr, Exal,rrrtuo.

Alberta: Edmonton, Univ. Campus, 1 6 , em. I1 Aug. cx leaf-mine on Tardxaunm sp., leg. 22 JuJy 1966 (V.K.S.); lVhitemud Cr., leaf-mines on Tarcrxacuw 13 June 1e66 (K.A.S.). Ontario: Ottawa, Green Valley N'Iotel area, 16', 11 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Quebec: Ottau'a R., leaf-mines onTaraxdcumsp. and Cichorirnn intybus, 13 July 1e67 (K.A.S.). Liriom,yza trilolii ( Burgess ) (Fig. 341) Oscinis trif olii Burgess, 1880, p. 201. Neotype from Lafayette, Ind., designated by Spencer, 1965a, in USNX,{. Agromyza trif olii, Coquilletr, 1898, p. 78; Ntlalloch, l9l3a, p. 278. Liriomyza trif olii, de Meijere, 1925, p.282; Hendel,1937-36, p.213; Fricl{, 1952, p. 405; 1959, p.410; Spencer, 7963c, p. 354 (as archboldi Frost) ; 1965a, p. 37. Anurr. Small specics, u'ing length about 2 mm; orbits entircly yellorv, both vertical bristles on vellorv ground, all antennal scgments brigl-rt ycllorv; mesonotum distinctly grayish, mat; acr irregular, in 3 or,l rows in front, rcduced to 2 rows behind; mesopleura broadly yellow above, with black patch externally along lower margin; femora largelv bright ycllow but with slight, r'ariable brou'nish striation, tibiae and tarsi darl

~~340~~

~~\._~~

~~/)2:+, - \ t[, F...' '\. ., -.-.-~~

~~341~~

~~I i.l~~

~~342~~

FIcs.337-338, Liriomyza socialh: 337, aedeagus, side view; 338, distiphallus, ventral vierv. Frc. 339, L. sorosis: mesonotum. Frc. 3,10, L. tqraxdci: aedeagus, ventral view. Frc. 341, L. trif olii: aedeagus, side vierv. Frcs. 3,12-3,13, L. undulata: 3.12, aedcagus, side view; 343, same, ventral view. Frcs. 34+345,L.veluta: 344, aedeagus, side vierv; 345, same, ventral view.

and Solanaceae (Stegmaier 1966, pp. 75-80)i pupation externally, larva with 3 bulbs on posterior spiracles. DIsr:nreutroN. Ontario; widespread in U.S.A., Particularly common in Florida. New to Canada. RorrenKs. This species has in the past been confused rvith L. fricki Sp. (cf . p. t75) and the specimens discussed by Frick (1959) and included in his key in fact represented fricki. The two species are extremely similar, although with totally different genitalia; however, in fricki the acrostichals are consistently in two rows and are distinctly more numerous in trif olii. L. trifolii was discussed in some detail by Spencer (1965a). Its exact range remains to be worked out. The specimens examined from Ontario are the most northerly ones seen so far. [,[eranrar, Exer,rrxno.

Ontario: Harrow, 3 6 6,8I I, 13 Sept. 196l,"ex lima bean," Phaseolus lunatust in greenhouse; Chatham, 5 6 6, 2 g g, 7 July 1953, ex leaf-mine on Potato (G.F.Hanson). Liriomyza undulata sp. n. (Figs. 342, 143) Hsan. Frons broad, twice width of eye; a single reclinate ors, 2 ori, normally incurvcd (though the upper may be partially reclinate), orbital setulae sparse; ]owls extended at rear, lt vertical eye height; third antennal segment small, round. A{rsoNorurv. Acr sparse, at least in 3 rows in front. WrNc. Length 1.9 mm, last section of m,*n 3 times penultimate (or slightly less). Cor.on. Frons, orbits, antennae yellow, both vt on yellow ground, though hind-margin ol: eye black immediately beyond base of vte; mesonotum grayisl-r black, largely mat (although slightly more shining in single available female); mesopleura largely yellorv with faint grayish area along front and lower margins; legs: coxae and femora bright yellow, tibiae and tarsi darker, ycllowish brorvn; squamae gray, margin and fringe black. Mer-B GBNrrelre. Aedeagus distinctive, unusually long, undulating, ending in pale, paired tubules curving back above (Figs. 3+2, 343). Tvprs. Holotype d, Alberta, Edmonton, Whitemud Park, 29 June 1966 (K.A.S.); paratypes: 1?, in cop. with holotype; | 6,23 June 1966 (V.K.S.); British Columbia, Prince George, I A, 18 June 1966 (K.A.S.). Holotype and paratype in author's collection, one paratype in coll. Sehgal. DrecNosrs. With both vertical bristles on yellorv ground and a grayish mesonotum this species can be immediately placed in the fricki gro:up. The broad frons and single reclinate ors associate this species with smilacinaelhowever, the discal cell appears to be consistently smaller, thus giving a longer ratio of the last m.*n section to the penultimate. Although the two species are externally very similar, the male genitalia are entirely distinct.

Liriomyza oeluta sp. n. (Figs. 344, 345) Flneo. Frons atmost 1/z times widrl-r of eye, not projecting above eve in profile; 2 equal ors, 2 ori, the lorver sometimes considerabll' reduced; iowls deepest at rear, about % ey-e height, eye large; thircl antennal segment rounded, slightly longer than broad. -N,Irlsoxorr',vr. 3f1 dc, first and second strong, fourth very small but significantly longer than acr, these irr zl or 5 rows, lVrNc. Length 2 mm, last section of m.*n about 3 times length of penultimate.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv groun',, coron Frons, .,*:::;::ffi, -of il: ;J':* verrorv margin of cye black immediately beyond base ,ri"; ,n"ronot.tm blackish gray, conspicuously'':: matiniesgpieura yellow tl".k in lor.yer froltt cornel, the dark color extendingpartially "bor.", along froni and lor,ver margins; legs: coxae Iargely blacl<, femora basicallv bright yellow but norially slightly darkenei u'ith i'ariable black itriation, tibiae and tarsi darker, brorvnish yellorv; squamae yellowish gray, margin and fringe black. l"I.lrr GBNIrerr.l. Aedeagus as in Figs. 311,)45. Tvpts. Holotype d, Alberta, Edmonton, Whitemud Park' 15 June 1966; 2 | 9 11 and 12 1966; paratvpes: 7 6,29 9, ..-" data; Red Deer, 6 6, ' June bkotoks, 1 6, 11 June 1966; Elk Is. Park, 1 6, 7 June 1966; George L., 1 d, I 9, 21 June 1966; Edmonton, Botanical Gdns., 3 I 9, 22 June 1966; Blairmore, 3 I 9, 26 June 1966 (a1l K.A.S.). Holotype and paratypes in authors' collection, further paratypes in CNC, No. 10417, and UA. Drecxosrs. 'fhis species belongs to the fricki grotp, with both vt on yellow ground and the meso;otum gratish. It closely resembles L. tifolii but is "generally larger and the male genitalia are distinctive. L. aeluti is obviously somewhat similar to the Palaearctic sPecies' I . opa.ca Hd. from Finland but it has not been possible to check the genitalia of this species to establish the relationship of the trvo.

Liriotnyza aiciae sP. n. (Figs. 3*6, 347) FIBao. 2 ors and 2 ori, orbital setulae minute, sParse, almost lacking; iowls % eye height, only slightly extended at rear; third antennal segment small, round' NlnsoNoruu. 3{1 dc, third and fourth cqual, lz length of first; acr sParse' in 2 rows' WiNc. 'Lensth from 1.9 mm in male to 2.6 mm in female, discal cell large, last section of m.,, about 1% Iimes length of penultimate. Coron. Frons, orbits, ]owls, antennae, hind-margin of eye entirely yellorv; mesonotunl (Fig. 3a6) mat-gray centrally, with similar lateral bands divided by yellow from dark central p."-u.otellar area broadly yellorv; scutellum entirely yellow; mesopleura largely yellorv, with"r"J; snall oval gray patch on lorver margin; legs: femora entircly yellolv, tibiae and tarsi distinctly darker, yellowish brown; abdomen r.vith front tcrgites variably yellow; squamae yeilow, margin and fringe black. M.\r-B GoNrrerIe. Aedeagus as in Fig. 347, distiphallus rvith long, curving, paired tubules, conspicuously dilated at end; surstyli oval, with a comb of 10 black bristles along inner margin. Hosr-prexr/Brorocv. Vicia cracca, larva forming leaf-mine which is initially linear, with frass arranged in conspicuous black striPs at either side of the channel, later widening into a blotch where the frass is scattered more iregularly; pupation externally, posterior spiracles each rvith 3 large bulbs, one conspicuously extended. Tvpns. Holotype 6 , Ontario, Ottawa, Rideau Locks, em. 31 July from mines found 9 July 1967 on Vicia cracca; paratypes: Alberta, George L., nr. Edmonton, 2 I 9, 2l June and 6 July 1966; Wabamun L., 1 6, 1-3 July 1966 (all K.A.S.); Blairmore, 7 6,27 June 1966 (V.K.S.); British Columbia, Robson, 1d, 20 Aug. 1948 (H.R.F.). Holotype and paratypes in author's collection, ParatyPes in CNC, No. 10418, and coll. Sehgal. DIecNosrs. This species closely resembles L. ntelatnpy ga but is distinguishable by the sparser acrostichals. The dark markings of the mesonotum are slightly less broken and the small indentation in the central dark area is a further distinguishing character.

~~)."1346~~

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~~'['' ,o" -4ra:' R.,ts .i,, A"'"' ffi, f ";xt.1., \' /\ 350 .,. + -.\-- \' !,N~~

~~. ,-Z-xr*X-\-* (,-~~

Liriornyza sp. (Edrnonton) (Fig. 3+e) A single female caught at Edmonton, Univ. camPus, 8 June 1966 (K'A'S.)' appears to represenr a fuither undescribcd species. This has been included in the key in couplet 25, the distinctive charicter being the exceptionally long pubescence on the thild antennal segment (Fig. 3a9). It somewhat resembles the Palaearctic species, L. pusio (NIg.),i leaf-miner on Trdgopogonbtt I am satisfied rt rs dlstrnct. It is hooed rhat males r,r'ill in due course be obtained rvith similar antennal pubescence, permitting clarification of this species. Liriomyza sp. (Constance Bay) A female from Constance Bay, Ont., 8 Jily 1967 (K.A.S.), almost certainly -represents an undescribed species but it seems better that it should not be formally described until males are available. The essential characters are as foliows: Third antennal segment distinctly pubescent; orbits darkened from vertex to lower ori; mesonotumblack, only moderately shining; mesopleura black on lower three-quarters; femora yellow but slightly darkencd, grayish; wing length 1.7 mm.

Leaf-mines of Unidentified. Liriomyza Species Col.posrren Eupatorium maculatum. Quebec, Gatineau Park and Ottarva R., 6 and 10 July 1967. A short mine, initially at apex of leaf. Near L. eupatorianu Sp. from Europe.

Gnxus Lernurimyza Spencer Lemurimyza Spencer, 1965b. Tvpe of genus: L. enorrnis Spencer; type locality N{adagascar. This genus was erected primarily for the two sPecies L. enorwis Spencer, 1963a from N{adagascar and L. admirabilis Spencer, 1965b from NTepal having the thild antennal segment black, a yellow pre-scutellar area, and black halteres. The

Frcs. 3,16-3,17, Liriomyza ciciae: 3'16, mesonotum; 317, aedeagus' Frc. 3'18, Liriowyza sp. (Carnpanula): leaf-mine on Catnpdtnth anlericd'tta. Frc. 3'19, I'iriomyza sp' (Edmonton): third antennal segment. Frcs. 350-351, Lernuritnyza dorsata: 350, aedeagus; 351, zurstylus' Frcs. 352-353, L. pacifica: 352, aedeagus; 353, surstylus. Frcs. 35+-355, L. pallida: 351, acdcagus; 355, surstl'lus.

~~genitalia, pafticularly the form of aedeagus and surstyli, are distinctive and it was Lter found that the three Palaealctic sPecies L. dorsata (Siebke), L. pectoralis (Bccl~~

Lernurirnyza dorsata ( Siebke ) (Figs. 350, 351) Agrornyza dorsata Siebke, 1864. Holotype d in Zoologisk A{useum, Oslo. Lemurimtyza dorsata, Spencer, 1965b, p. 28. Liriotnyza s*icttd Hendel, 1931-36.p.249. Holotype I in Vienna. Agromyza reaerberata N{alloch, 1924, syn. nov. Holotype lost, paratype I in CNC. Lirioruyza reverberdto) Frick, 1952, p. 375; 1959, p. 409. Anur_r. Third antennal segment black, head othenvise, including palps, yellow; mesonotum with dark areas blackish grav, distinctly divided into bands (cf' Frick 1959: fig' 120)' central area adjoining scutellum yellow. A{ero GnNrrerte. Aedeagus and surstvli as in Figs. 350, 351. Hosr-praNrTBrorocv. IJnknown. DrsrnrnuroN" Ontario; U.S.A.: Nlaryland; Europe. Rouenr

".:'::,:;":;;ffi;iH::""(Figs. 352, 353) Agrornyza pttcificd Melander, 1913, p. 261. Lectotype 9, designated by Frick, 1957,in USNM. Liriowyza pncifica, Frick, 1952, p. 404; 1957, p. 203; 1959, p. 408. Liriowyza longispinosa (Malloch), Frick, 1952, p.'104; Shewell, 1953, p.467. Holotvpe 6 in USNM. Arur.r. Third antennal segment black, palps ye1low; mesonotum largely mat grayish- black, rvith quadrate prc-scutellar area yellow. Mern Goxrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 352, surstyli as in Fig. 353. Hosr-prexr/Btorocv. Unknorvn. DrsrnlnurroN. Alaska, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan; U.S.A.: Washington. REnenr

L e mur irn! z a S ehgal !_:rr:!.: ( | lgs. J)+. J)) , Letmnimyza pallida Sehgal, 1968, p. 72. Holotvpe 6 in CNC. Aour.r. l.{oderate-sized species, rving lcngth 2.6 mm, last section of m, trvice length of penultimate; frons, orbits, entire hind-margin of eye, antennae, face yellow; mesonotum solidly mat-gray, v'ith V-shaped yellorv pre-scutellar in 2 rows; scutellum Iargcly yellow ^re^, but rvith small black parcl-res laterally; mesopleura with^cr a black bar on lorver margin, femora bright vellow, tibia and tarsi slightly darl

~~Alberta: Banff, 4000 ft, I A ,28 June 1966 (V.K.S.), holotype.~~

~~Gnxus ilIetopomyza Enderlein Metopornyza Enderlein, 1936a; Frick, 1952. p. 406 1959, p. 4ll. Type of genus: Agromyza fl.avonotata Haliday; holotype I in National Museum of lreland, Dublin.~~

This small genus, u'ith 13 knou'n r,vorld species, is closely related to Liriotnyza and the two genera have in common the yellow scutellum. However, the broad, raised orbits of Metopowyz0 are distinctive. Two new species are described bclow.

Knv ro NB'lv Wonr,n Metopotttyza SpEcrns 1 Notoplcural area black . . . interfrontalls (A{elander) - Notopleuralareavellow ...... 2 2 Femora yellow'black . : . flavipes sp. n. - Femora 3 3 Fcmora enrirelv blackl arjsta short. bare . bcllissinta sp. n. - o:*::: *':n r']1"* knees; ":u:" l""r:', ,!;;::,:;l/-::3;'.'"'.1',, 1e63c (coLombia)

Metopom.yza bellissim.a sp. n, (Figs. 356, 357) Hoen. Normally 5 orbital bristles (in male 6), orbits diffcrentiated, raised; orbital setulae all reclinate, somervhat irrcgular; jorvls broad, at rcal,r: er-e height; third antennal scgmcnt round, arista thickcned at trase but short, bare. A{psoNorurw. 3{1 dc (in male 312), acr in ,l rolr,-s. WIxc. Length normallv 2.4-2.7 mm (in one female 1.9 mm), costa extending strongly to \.cin rn.rr, last section of m. about 1% times length of penultimate, first cross-vein at nidpoint of discal cell. Lncs. Ilid-tibiae rvithout lateral bristles. Cot-on. Frons brorvnish yellow, orbits shining blacl<, antennae entirely black; mesonotum black, onll' moderatcly sl'rining, scutellum yellor,icentrally, black at sides; notopleural area :id P.,t: of humerus r-ellorv, pleura otheru,'ise black; lcgs entirely black; squamae dark gray, IflnEe Dlacl{. Mar-n Gesrrar.ra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 356,357, entirely distinctive. Typns. Holotype J, British Columbia, Atlin, 23 June 1955 (H.H.); paratvpes: British Columbia, Bevan,49 9, i8 June 1965 (G.E.S.);3 mi NE. of Telegraph Cr., 1 ?, 1 Julv 1960 (R.J.P.); C)soyoos, 19 ,22 N,Iay 1953 (J.R.X,IcG.). Holotype, No. 10.119, and paratvpes in CNC, two pa-ratvpes in author's collection. Dlacxosrs. This spccies is readily distinguishable from the tv'o other Nearctic species - from flrn:ipes by the blacl< femora and from interfrontalis by the yellow ricltoplcural area, blacl< knees, and larger size It most closely rLsembies ,44. teqttendamae Spencer -siven from the Andes ii Colombia but is distinguishable by the key characters above.

Metopotnyza flaaipes sp. n. (Fig.358) Heeo (Fig. 358). Frons broad, slightly ovcr tr.r-ice ri'idth of eye, orbirs differentiated and raised abor.e.frons, conspicuously broadening torvalds base of antcnnae; 2 ors and 3 ori, Iong, slender; orbital setulae sparse, long, rnainlv reclinate but a ferv in front proclinate; chccks forming broad ring belou' eye, iou'ls deeplv extendcd at rear, atlout % eve height; third antcnnal segment snall, rectangular, arista conspicuouslv thicl

~~356~~

~~E*!ffi --:::::!: j-. / .1.\, - --:E-' - -~~

~~,, .. ,l*s**i~~

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Frcs. 356-357, Metopotnyza bellissitna: 356, acdeagus, side view;357, distiphallus, ventral vierv. {p.. 3.5s, M. fldt'ipes: l.read. Frcs. 359-360, M. interfrontatis: 359, acde'agus, side vierv; 360, distiphallus, r'enual- view. Frcs. 361-t62, Praspedomyza gaLiittora: 361, icd,ea,gus, side view; 362, sane, ventral vier.v. Frc. 363, Pteridontyza hilarella: aedeagus.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 198 MEMoIRS oF THE ENTorvroLoGIcAL socIETY oF cANADA Park' l Horoalvpn, 9, Quebec, Champlain Lookout' 1100 ft, Gatineau June 1965 (J.R.V.), in CNC, No. 10420. Dr.qcxosrs. This species is immecliately recognisable by the contrasting' bright yellow femora; tfre shining black orbiis and c"heeks, the yellow notopleural .r"i, ,.r.i the brown antennae are other distinctive characters.

Metopom'yza interltontalis (Melander) {Figs. 35e. 360) g USNM' Agrowyza interfrontali.r N'Ielander' 1913, p' 263' Holotype in Liriomyza interfrontalis, Frick, 1952, p' 403' Metopbrnl,za in:.terfrotttulis, Frick, 1957, p' 204; 7959' P' 412' orbits pronounced' frons Arut.r. Small, dark species, rving length from 2 to 2'3 mm; yellow; squamae and y"ff"*,irn brou,n; ,.","ff"Jiilgh, y"lioour ?.-or" black but all knees fringe yellow. Maro Gcxrrlr.rs. Aedeagus as in Figs' 359' 360' Hosr:-prexr/Brorocv. Unknou'n but probablv Gramineae' Drsrnrnurrox. Widespread throughout Canada' Rnr,renrs. This species is slighrlv larger but ot6erwise indistinguishable central and exrernallv from M. . ivtricn is u'idespread in 1ln'ritritrttrris"\Zerc.l the northern Europe. The genitalia of the two species tt:-:iTil".but distinct; (1965d' fig' 0)' aedeagus of fl.iaoscutellaiis was illustrated by Spencer Nlarrnrer- Erar'rrxeo. Alaska: Unalahleet, 16, 19, 19 and 24 June 1961 (B'S'H'' R'I'l')' Allrerta: Elkr'vater, I I ,12 June 1956 (O'P')' British Columbia: Ketchum L., 58"22', l3|o 45', | 6 , 23 Aug' 1960 (W'W'N4') ' Labrador: Cartrvright, | 6 ,26 June 1955 (E'E'S')' Manitoba: Churchill, 16,2t Julv 1952 (J'G'C'); Farnworth L'' neat Churchill' 7 6 ,2r June 1952 (J.G.C.). 1953 Northwest Terr.: rVluskox I'., 6+o+5'N'' 108o10'W', | 6 29 9 5 June ' ' 64'05' N'' (j.G.C.); Yellowknife, 2 6 6, 8 June 1953 (J'G'C'); Salmita Mines' 111o15'W., 1 6, 8 July 1953 (J.G.C.). Mistassini' 1?' 7 July Quebec: Fort Chimo,16,: q, 2 Julv 1954 (W'R'R'); 139' | 6 28 1956 (J.R.NltcG.); La V.tendrve Pio,,. P"L, Route 58, Mile ' June 1965 (D.N{.Wood).

Gnxus PrasPedomYza Hendel Dizy- Dizygomyza (Praspedomvza) HendeI, 1931, p' 77' Type of sub-genus: gomyzd approximuta Hendel, in Vienna' fhyibia- (PrispedomJ'za), Frick, 1952, p. 395 1959, p' 394' Praspedomyza, Spencer, 1966e, a' t16' but the This small genus has 16 world species. It is close to Liriotnyza its consistently arrf.otor^tion, pronouncld orbits, and different genitalia iustify retention as a distinct genus. Canada' Only the single spoeciesP. galii'"*ora, described below, is known in

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 200 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoGIcAL soclETY oF cANADA Gnxus PteridomYza Nowakowski hilsrella Pteridornyza Nowakorvski, 1962, P. 97. Type of genus: Agrotnyza zetterstedt. Pteridornyza hilar ella ( Zetterstedt ) (Fig.163) Agromyza hilarella Zetterstedt, 1818, p. 277 6' Lectotype I in Lund' Dizygotnyzd hiltrella, Hendel, 1920, p' 137- 6, 82' Dizy,q otny za (P rasp e d owy za) hilar e lla, Hendel, 193 l-3 p' Pteridomyza hilarella, Nowakor'vski, 1962, p. 97. 1913, ,,oo' Holotype a in LTSNN'I' igro*yio cldra Nlelander, p.265, "i,,. fiiytoiia (Praspedornyza) clarn, Frick, 1952, pt39l; 1959' p' 39^-t' Agromyzi c;trZilroni Malloch, l9l3a, p. 290; Frick, 1952, p' 195' strongly to Anur,r' A small, r'ariable species, ',ving lengtlr 2 mm, co.sta extending -of frons normally bright yellorv''vein -r*r, l"r, m, section twice length ienultimate; distinctly "t"totafly third basc of jowls and fa'cl enrirely ,vellow; antennae normally_.bright.ycllorv, segmenr "isometimes "rr""; more brownish; mcsonotum mat black, normally with 3f1 well- di-lTerentiated dc but pre-sutural one sometines small; mesoplcura and all legs bright yellow' n{ero Goxrreu,r. Aedeagus as in Fig.363; surstvli distinctive, rvith a rorv of 10 strong bristles; spermal sac large. Hosr-pr.qNr/Brorocv. Pteridiurn aquilinum, larvae forming whitish mine following edge of a section of a frond, PuPating externallv' Drsrnreuilox. ontario, Quebec; widespread in u.s.A. and in Europe. Rnuems. Frick (1959, p. 394) considered cl&rtt to be distinct from the European species, hilarella, althbugh noting their similarlty, he illustrated the head (fig.'93) showing the deeply elongated jowls. Hendel's (1931, fig. 101) illustra- tio"n of the head-of hitareili certai"nly appears significantly different from that of clarablut a study of l0 Europea.t sp..i-ens shows that most have the typically elongated*The jowls and sianting eye of clart. distinctive genitalia are identical in European and Canadian specimens' I therefore synonvmise clara with hilarella hereu'ith. I have examined rhe two syntypes of P. hihrells in Lund. one is badly damaged and lacks the abdomenl the other, a female, is in good condition and is hereby designated as lectotype. Nor,vak"owski (1962, p. 011, noring the somer,vhat aberrant genitalia, proposed a monorypic genus, Pteriiomyztt, for-hilarell* I accept this here, although r'vith ,o.n" r.."irre.- The aedeagus of hilaretla very closely lesembles that of Liriom.yza viciae (Fig.347), and the surstyli rvith the distinctive arrangement of bristles are exactly as-in Phytoliriomyza impetJecta (Ntalloch) (Spencer 1963c, fig. 99C). Meronrer, Exel.rrrl. Ontario: Simcoe, 3 9 9, 14 June 1939 (G.E.S.). Quebec: CapRouge, l3,7July 1953 (R.L.);LacBrulc, 1?,7 Aug. 1951, srvept from bracken (O.P.). Gnxus Haplomyza Hendel Atttitzeura Melander, 1913, p.219. Type of genus: A. togata iVelander' Haplornyza Hendel, 1914, p.73, nom. nov. for Antitteura N{elander, not Osten Sacken, 1881; Frick, 1952, p. 4O8;1953, p.73;1959, P. +12.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 'rlii.,o.,,,ty rhis sma, ,."":"?;.";;.il:i. il' n,N"*;:: closely resembles Liriomyza but the male genitalia are distinctive. Only the single species togdttt (Melander) is known in Canada.

Haplom.yza togdtd (Melander) Antineura togcttct A4elander, 1913, p. 250. Types in USNM. Ha:plomyza togatcr, Frick, 1953,p.73 1959, p. 413. Anulr. Small species, wing length 1.75-2.2 mm, costa extending strongly to vein m'*,, second cross-vein lacking; one reclinate ors, 3 incurved ori, orbital setulae sparse, irregular, generally incurved, those in front sometimes proclinate; eye slanting, jowls extended at rear; frons, ]owls, face, antennae yellow, mesonotum mat-glay, acr sParse; notopleural area distinctly yellowish, mesopleura largely gray; legs yellow; scutellum at least partially yellow. A{eln Gnxrrar,re. Ninth sternite narrow and conspicuously elongated (cf. Spencer 7963c,fig.96C), surstyli with 3 or 4 short but stout bristles closely grouped at rear colnel, not widely spaced zs in tigrensis (Spencer 1963c, fig.96D). Hosr-preN.r/Btorocv. Antaranthtts spp,, larvae forming irregular blotch- mines, pupating externally. Drsrnreurlox. Alberta, Saskatchewan; widesPread in U.S.A., particularly in south. Rnlrerrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the single reclinate ors and the generally yellow coloration. H. tigrensis Spencer from Argentina was described as distinct from togdttt on the basis of slight differences in color and male genitalia. Mr. G. Steyskal is currently revising this genus, following examination of Melander's type specimens from Washington State. Meronrar Exer.rrNor. Alberta: Drumheller, I A, 14 June 1946 (W.R.['{.M.). Saskatchewan: Saskatoon, I 9, 11 June 1938; 1 9, 8 June 1939; | 9, 4 June 1940 (K.M.K.); Val Marie, 1 9, 9 June 1955 (J.R.V.).

GBxus Phytolir iom,y za Ptr enelel Liriomyza (Pbytoliriotnyza), Hendel, 1931-36, p. 203. Type of sub-genus: A gr orny za p erpusill a Meigen. Phytoliriornyza, Frey, 1941, p. 19; Frick, 1952, p. 410; 1959, p. 413; Spencer, 1965 c. Xyraeomyia Frick, Spencer, 1965c, p. 662. Thirteen lvorld species are now known in this genus. The scutellum is generally dark and the orbital setulae are proclinate, differentiating the genus from Liriomyza. The genitalia of some species indicate a close affinity with the small genls Lemrtrimyza and there is a similar tendency towards a partial darkening of the halteres in both genera. Two species are known in Canada which can be separated as follorvs: I A4esonotum mat-gray; legs normallv yellowish (except in darkest species from the Arctic) arcticd (Lundbcck) - Mesonotum brownish black; legs black aolatilis sp. n.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 202 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoGIcAL socIETY oF cANADA Phytoliriomyza arctica ( Lundbeck ) (Fig. 36a) Agrornyza arcticd Lundbeck, 1900, p.304. Lectotvpe 6, designated by Frick, 1957, p. 204, in Copenhagen. Phytoliriornyzd drctictt) Sheriell, 1953, p. 469; Frick, 1959,p' 414' Odinit imtnaculfia Coquillett, 1902, p, 185; Spencer, 1963c, P' 377' Arur-r. Small species, u'ing length from 1.6 to 2.2 mm, highly variable in color; frons, pleura, and legs vary from almo"st co-mpletely black in northern specimens from Greenland, distinctly pilos-e_but the hairs b-9 L"br"io., to largely vellou'; eve'conspicuously normally -"y "nd"A1r.L" and thick; setulae rvell sparsc and scaftered orul-6rt'"br"r-rr, or. long ,orbital d^eveloped, proclinate; acr sparse in 2 rows, mesonotum mat-gfay; scutellum dark, gray to black;'costa extending ra.or1gly to vein mr*r; last section of mr*n normally about 1/2 times, always less than twice length of penultimate. Mer.e GBNrrer.re. Aedeagus in form of pale, coiled tubules which can be almost un- detectable witl.rout staining (Fig. 36+). Hosr-preNl/Btorocy, Recorded as a stem-miner on Sonchtts in Europe but presumably there are other hosts in the Compositae. DrsrnrnurroN. Alasl

PhytoliriomYza aolatilis sP' n' (Figs. 365-367) Flaen. Frons broad, almost tu,ice wiclth of eve, not proiecting above eye in pro6le; 2 almost lacking, proclinate; r".lin"t" ors, a singie i".Lit.J ori; orbital setulae hinute, _tp_^rse, j: round.,large; eve disrincrly slanring, io*is de"p. r'ertical eye height; thiid antennal scgment aiista slighrly srvollei at base, typically bending fonvards immediately abole thrs swelllng'

N{asoxorur'r. 3{1 dc, acr sparse, slightly irregular, in 2 rorvs. Wrxc. Length 2.2-2,4 mm, costa extending stronglv to r-ein m.*r, last section of ntr*, iust less (14:24) or just more (15:32) than tu'ice penultirnate. Lrcs. Nlid-tibia without lateral bristles. Coron. Frons dark, brorvnish yello'"r', lunule paler, more ycllorvish; antennac cnrirely black; mesonotum mat, brorvnish blacl<, scutcllum faintlv yellorvish centrallt', particularly when viewed from behind; sides of thorax predominantly black but lorver half of notopleural triangle and upper half of mesopleura paler, yellou'ish; legs entirely black; halteres black above. I{are GrNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 365,366, surstyli distinctive as in Fig. 367. Hororvpo 6, British Columbia, King Salmon L., 1750 ft,58"43', 132o5(, 17 Jul1. 1960 (W.W.NI.); paratvpes: Br"itish Columbia, Tuniony L., 3200 ft, 58"26', 732o+5', 7 a, z0 July 196O (R.P.); Lisadele L., 4000 ft, 5go41,, 1i3"0+', 2 9 ?,6 and 7 Aug. 1960 (W.\V.IL). Holotype, No. 10:122, and t\4ro pararvpes in CNC, o.r" prt"iype in aurhor's collection. Dtacxosrs. This species is readily distinguishable from trctictt (Lundbeck), the onlv other species in the genus known in Canada, by the larger size and darker coloration (aparl from the da'rk form of arctictt known-onlv frdm Greenland). Spencer-(1965c) discussed the world species knorvn in this genus. Nlany have in the past been misidentified ou'ing to their similaritv and variation and clarification has only been possible bv studving the male genitalia. The aedeagusof aolatilis shou,'s a close affinitv u-ith that of P. picea Sp. from Brazil (Spencei 1963c, figs. 100&, c) and also ivith-thar of P. imperf ectu (iMalloch) from California and Chili (Spencer t963c, fig. 99).

Gnxus Paraphytomvza Enderlein Paraphytomyza Enderlein, 1936a. Type of genus: A,qrontyza siruilis Brischke (Enderlein 1936b). Rubiomyzd Nowakowski, 1962, p. 102. Type of genus: Agroruyzd similis Brischke. The North American species in this genus have hitherto bcen placed in the genus PhytagroTnyz(r Hendel (Frick 1959, p. 415). Nos'akorvski (1962, p. 100) establisl-red that the tvpe of the genus Phyta- gromyzd, Domornyza flaaocingulnra Strobl. is synonl'mous lvith Paemyza scmidftd Hendel, treating Poemyza as a sub-gcnus of the genus CerodottthaRondani. The genus Pbyragromyzd, by virtue of the svnonvmy of the genotype, must also be accepted as svnonymous with Poeruyza. Despite this, Nowakorvski (.1962,' p. 102) proposed to retain Phytugroruyza for the small group of species mining on Salicaceae; he further proposed the neu' genus Rzllowyzd for the spccies hithertcr included in Phytagromyz,:r mining on Rubiaceae, Caprifoliaceae, and Dipsacaceae. Rnbiotnyza is clearly svnonymous with Partphytoruyza Enderlein, rvhich u,as overlooked by Norvakowski, both genera having Agrowyzd siwilis Brischke as genotYPe. Until the entire group of species described in Phytagrornyzd can be revisccl, I propose that they should all for the timc bcing be acccpted as belonging to Pdrdphytomyza, although the differences in genitalia do suggest there is some justification for giving the group of Salicaccae miners sepx,ritte gencric ranl{. The onlv l

~~-.:,'. 369~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv new to canada .")),^:;,*;:;a (Fig stz) p,1)1", d;.^';;?":J ^, Ont., in luJy 1967 (K.A.S.) probably refer to a species in this genus.

Knv ro CeNanrex Spncns or Paraphytornyza Enderlein I Cross-vein m-m -lackinsDresent 2 - Cross-vein m-m 4 2 Mesonotum shining blaJkl 2 dc; mouth-parts elongate . . . nitida (Malloch) - I4esonotum mat, grayish black; 3 or mole dc; mouth-parts normal 3 3 Notopleural triangle yellorv . . plagiata (Melander) - Notopleural triangle brownish black . . . . lonicerae (R.-D.) 4 Entire insect rusty-yellow . . . . populicola (Walker) - Mesonotum mat-g-ray 5 5 Scutellum yellow, at least between basal scutellar bristles , luteoscutellata (de Metj.) - Scutellum entirelv dark .. 6 6 Small species, wing length up to 2.4 mm; notopleural area whitish yellow; ycllow sPots at hind-corners of mesonotum small; larva forming blotch-mine ...... orbitalis (Mel.) - Larger species, wing length up to 2.8 mm; noropleural area orange; hind-corners of mesonotum broadly yellow; larva forming linear mine (Fig. s37) .. . sp. (Pelee)

Paraphytomyza lonicerae (R.-D.) comb. nov. (Fig. 368) Phytomyza lonicerae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851, p. 396; Hendel , l93l-36, p. 526. Phytagromyza lonicerae, Hering, 1951, p. 36; Frick, 1953, p. 74;1959, p.416. Neotype 6 in Berlin. Aour.r. Entirely dark species, frons dark bror.vn above, more black belorv, mesonotum mat, grayish black, with 4 dc; legs entirely black, squamae dark gray, fringe black; wing length up to 2.7 mm, discal cell small, last section of vein m.*, 3 % to 4 times length of penultimate. Mer.B GoNrrar.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 368. Hosr-lreNr/Brorocy. Loniceru spp., Syrnphoricdrpos spp., Iarya forming white linear mine, normally running round margin of leaf, greatly widening towards end; frass in conspicuous black lumps; pupation externally. Hind- spiracles of larvaand puparium each with a ring of about 12 bulbs around a minute central horn (cf. Hering 1951, fig. 3). Only single generation early in summer. DrsrnIsurroN. Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Saskatchewan; California; Europe. New to Canada. Rnnanr

Frc. 36,1. Phytoliriomyza arctica: aedeagus. Frcs. 365-367, P. ,Lolatilis: 365, aedeagus, side vicw: 366, same, ventral vierv; 367, surst-ylus. Frc. 368, Paraphytomyza lonicerae: aedeagus. Frcs. 369-370, P. luteoscutellata: 369, aedeagus; 370, leaf-mine on Lonicera tdtnrica. Frc. 371, P. nitida: aedeagus. Frcs. 372-373, P. orbinlis: 372, aedeagus; 373, leaf-mine on Lonicera sp, Frc. 37,t, P. populicola: aedeagus, ventral vierv.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 206 \rElroIRS oF THE trNToMoLoGIcAL socIDTY oF cANADA mediately distinguishablc from those of lonicerue by.the.absence of the small horn in thc centre of"the ring of bulbs of the posterior spiracles. I{ernntar ExelrtNno. Alberta: Okotoks, 10 June 1966, leaf-mincs on Lon'icers dioicn (K'L'S')' British Columbia: Prince George, 17 June 1966, leaf'mine on L. inr:oh'Lcrata (K.A.S.). ontario: ottawa, cenrral Experime ntal Farm, leaf-mines mostly emPty but some rvith lan'ae, 3 June 1966 (K.A.S.)' Saslratchervan: Srvift Current, 1d, 1i i\,Iay 1938, on SyvLphoricarpos (A.R.B.).

Paruphytomyza luteoscutellata (de lleijere) cornb' nov' (Figs. 369' 370) Phytomyza lonicerae Brischke, 1881, o. 257. Location of types not known, believed lost. 143,. nom' nov' tot lontcerae Phytagromyza" luteoscLrtellatd de N{eiiere, 1924, P.- by lonicerae Robineau-Deryoiqyr i851' p' 396' Brischke, preoccupied - - phytagrotnyzi xylostei (Robineau-Desvoidv) sensu Flendel, I93l-36, p. 299. darkened Aourr. Small species, rving lcngth 1.75-2.+ mm; frons yellow above, 1olma_]I.r belorvl thirtl ,,l,.nnri scgmenr ,i,r..illv vcllou islr. occesionilly a.lmost entirely,blackl leso; notum ntat glaVish, r.nt"'ilo- cither cntlrelv Yellorv_or more gray but small area benvcen basal scutellar bristles (r'iervcd from behind) airval's yellorv; not-opleural area and outer edge of humerus t'clkxvish; fcmora darl< u'ith vellow knecs, tibia and tarsi paler' \,l.qt.E Gaxrrrr.ra. Aedeagus ending in distinctir-ely elongated tubule (Fig. 369). Hosr-prexr/Btorocv. Lotticera sPP., Symphoricdrpos sPP', larya forming short funnel-shaped mine filled centiaily u'ith consPicuous dark-green frass (Fig. 370); pupation externallv. DrslnteulroN. Alberta (?), Ontario, Quebec; Europe' New to North America. Rr:rr.qRrs. This species some."r''hat re"'emblcs P. orbitalis, rvhich also occurs commonlv on Lotticcrn, lrtrt is rcadilv disringuishable b1 the palcr scutcllum and antennae. The male genitalia and short minE. appearing greenish r'r'hen fresh, are entirelr- distinctive. 1lre earliest certain name for this species is Phytotnyza lonicerae Brischke, 1881. Ho-"r-evcr, this name is preoccupiedby lonicerae Robineau-Desvoidv, 1851' Hcndel (1920, 1927, 193l-36) adoprcd the name xylostei Robineau-Desr''oidy' although the original description is not in accord rvith the most significant characiers of thc"species; in rylostel the third antennal segment is stated to be blacl< and there is no menrion of the yellorv scutellum or side of the thorar. Goureau (1851), $.-ho had rcared 15 specimens on $'hich Robineau-Desvoidy based his

tion and proposed the new name luteoscutellnta for lonicerae Brischke' This name is accepted here. Mernnrer ExenrNno. Ontario: Ottawa, | 6,2g 9,2-3 June 1966, on Lonicera tatarica;2 6 6, 19, 8 July 1967 onsame host; | 6 ,2I 9, em. 22 Jujy 1967 ex leaf-mines on same host, leg. S July (K.A.S.); Toronto, Rosedale, numerous emPty leaf-mines on Sywphori' cdrpos r&cemosxts) 11 Oct. 1965 (K.A.S.)' Quebec: Ste. Foy, | 6,25 July 1961, reared ex unrecorded host (L'J'J')'

Paraphytomyza nitfu (Malloch) comb' nov' (rlg, J.i r, Agrom.yza nitida \Lalloch, 1913a, p. 288' Holotype e in USNN'I' Phytagrotnyza nitida, Frick, 1953, p.74; 1959, p. 417. brownish mesonotum shining Anurr. Largely black but frons and io$,ls paler, -yellow; black, with only 2"dl; humerus yellorvish; lcgs black but at least fore-knees distinctly yellorv; third antennal i.g.n.nt small, arista conspicuJusly short; rving length r'f t-o 2.6 mm in female, last section of ve]n mr* slightly ou.. t-1.. lengih of penultimate; jow-ls distinctively rounded along lower margin, -ooti-pt.t, conspicuo'sly elongate (cf. Frick 1959, fig' 131)' N{.,rr.n GrNrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 371. Hosr-pr-exr/Brorocv. Unknown but almost certainly stem-miner on Galium spp. DrsrnrnunoN. Alberta; widespread in U'S.A. New to Canada' Rnuenrs. This species is immediately recognisable by the shining black mesonotum, presence of only 2 dc and elongate mouth-Parts. It very tlosely resembies the Palaearciic species, P. orphana (Hend.), an external stem-miner on Galium apdrine L. However, ophdnd is generally some- jowls aedeagus what larger and the frons and even more yellorvish. --The .of orphanil is of the same general form as nitids but the distiphallus is substantially larger and more strongly chitinized. Merenrer- Exel rNnl, Alberta: EIk Is. Park, 16,4? 9,7 June 1966 (K.A.S');Edmonton, IJniversity, | 9 ,22 June 1966 (K.A.S.). U.S.A.: Kansas, Lawrence, Nat. Hist. Res., 16,28 Apr. tSS0 (J'G.C.).

Paraphytomyza orbitali:_I ) comb' nov' \ttgs,5/t,5/t)Y-.]:"U.r Phytomyza orbitalis Melander, 1913, p.27 1. Lectotvpe 6, designated by Frick, 1957. in USNM. Phytagromyzd orbitdlis, Frick, 1952, p. 416; 1957, p. 204; 1959, p' aI7 ' Arur-r. Frons brigl-rt yellow above, blackish belo'lv; orbital setulae short,,sparse--but distinctly reclinatc; -.16rlo,o- mat, blackish gray, u'ith 5 dc, the first threc small; scutclium femora blacl<, knees entirely dark; notopleura and humerus conspicuously rvhitish lell-o1v; yelo#sh, tibiae and tarsi pale, yetlor,vish brorvn; rving length- 2.3-.2.6 mm, second ctoss-vein iacking, second costal sectibn long, almost 3 times length of fourth' Nler-n GBNtrert.t. Aedeagus as in Fig. 372. Hosr-preNr,/Brorocy. Lotticera spp. (not intsolucrata). Svmphoricdrpos sPP., larva forming upper surface leaf-mine (Fie. : Z: ), initially linear but greatlv rviden-

ing, becoming funnel-shaped, normally at edge of leaf; PuPation externally; at Ieast two generatlons ln year. DrsrnInurroN. Alberta, Manitoba; U.S.A. New to Canada. Rnr,r.qnrs. Lacking the second cross-vein this species might easily-be mistaken for a Phytomyzct sp. Flo*.rr.r, the orbital setulae are distilctly reclinate. The male senitalia confirm the close relationship of orbitalis to l?fieoscLrtellata (ae f,liij.; and P. atlantidis Spencer from tr'loiocco; borh these species are also leaf-miners on Lottic era. P. orbitalis was found by the author to occur in abundance on its host-planrs in Alberta. N[arpnr.cr ExerarNoo. Alberta: Edmonton, Univ. Campus, 3 6 6, I 9, 8-9 June 1966;1?, em. 7 March 1967 from leaf-mine on L. dioiia, Ieg. 7 June 1966; Okotoks, 1 I , em. 26 June 1966 from leaf-mine collected 10 June 1966 onLonicera;26 6,3e e' 10'ti June 1956; St. Albert, 3 I 9, 14 June 1966; Red Deer, 49 9' 12 and 26 June; 1966; Frank, 26 1966; Wabamun, 9? I Cypress Hills, 1?, 25 June lg, June ' 1-3 July 1966 (all K.A.S.). Manitoba: Aweme, 16 ,27 Aug. 1917 (N.C.).

Paraphytomyza plagiata (Melander) comb' nov' IJapomyza plagiata Melander, 1913, p.273. Holotype I in USNM' Phytdgromyzd pldgiatu, Frick, 1952, p. 416; 1959, p. 417 ' A[roiryza"breiico"statii N{alloch, 19lia, p. 283. Holotype e in USNNI' Anur.r. Frons conspicuously yellow abor.e, black in lorver half, orbits yellow; orbit-al setulae very sparse, 2 or'l recliJat6 hairs in area of orsi antennae black; mesonotum black, mat, acr irr 4 iorvs, 5 or 6 tlc but. only three strongly deYeloped; notopleural atea, humerus, and upper margin of mesopleura dull lellorv; lcgs iniirely black, apart from yellowish lrnees on foiJ-t.gr, rq"ur-r" yellorvish. fringe"black', ruilng lcngth 2.8 mnr. iecond costal secrion long, 4% times fourth; discal cell,"ty r-ill, Iast sectiori of rir.** thus long, 4% times penultimate' A,Ieln Grxrr-q.r,re. Not l

Paraphytomyza populicola (Walker) comb' nov' (Fig. 37a) Phytotnyzd poprilicola Halidav (MS), Walker, 1853, p' 217' Two syntypes in National N,{useum of Ireland, Dublin. Phytdgro?rtyza populicola, Hendel, 1931-36, p' 289; Frick, 1959, p' 4I7' Aourr. Ftons, antennac, legs, abdomeu bright yellow' Inesonotum r'vith 3 darker' orange-brown longiiudinal bands, tfie centr2l one briad but extending onl.y.% distance towards ,.o,"iln-, lateral Sands narrow, extending further towards scutellum, which is entirely yellow; frons broad, 3 times rvidth oi *it-tg \engrh 2-2.2 mm, second cross-vein lacking; all bristlcs pale, vellorvish brorvn. "v., NIIIB GaxIrart,r. Aedeagus as in Fig. 374'

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv -' Hosr-prexrru'"*". ffi;; il;^ ;:t", i,...,,n br",.h--i:o; which may be elongated but never obviously linear; pupation externally. DrsrnreurroN. Ontario; Europe. Rnr.ranr

Paraphytomyza sp. ( Pelee ) As this paper goes to press I have seen a female reared from leaf-mines on Lonicera columbiana Nutt. at Polson, Montana, 17 July 1967 (S. Whitney), identical with those shown in Fig. 537, which represents an undescribed species. It somewhat resembles P. orbitalis but is significantly larger, the frons and notopleural area are orange-yellow and the mesonotum has conspicuous yello'il'ish areas at the hind-corners.

Gnxus Pseudonapomyza Hendel PseudonapomyzaHendel,1920, p. 115; 1931-36,p.302; Frick, 1952,p.417;1959, p. 418; Spencer, 1965e, p.264;1966f, p. 511. Type of genus: Phytomyza atra Meigen. Small venational characters separate this genus from Phytomyza and Para- phytomyza; from the former it is also separated by having the orbital setulae reclinate. Of the 27 known world species only two occur in Canada; P. atra is Holarctic. The two Canadian species are separable as follows:

~~I Tarsi dark, brown or black; mesonotum black ...... atra (Mg.) - Tarsi conspicuously yellowish; mesonotum gray; wings conspicuously white . . .. lacteipenms (Malloch)~~

Pseudonapornyzd atra ( Meigen) Phytomyza atra Meigen 1830, p. 191. Syntvpes in Paris and Vienna. Pseudonapovnyzd atrd) Hendel, 193l-36, p. 302 (figures of head and rving). Phytomyza nitidula N{alloch, 1913b, p. 151. Holotype g in USNM. Aour.r. Small black species, third antennal segment with conspicuous angle at upper corner, wing length 1.5 mm; mesonotum distinctly black, not gray, moderately shining; legs entirely black; wing dark, normal, not rvhitish. Flosr-praNr/Brorocv. Leaf-miner on Gramineae, known hosts in U.S.A. are Agropyron repens and Secale cereale; pupation externally; larva and puparium covered with rings of conspicuous papillae on each segment (cf. Ps. spicata MalL (Spencer 1961a, fr9. 36)).

DrsrRrnutroN. Alberta, Manitoba, Quebec, Saskatchervan; U.S.A.: Washing- ton; Europe; Mongolia. Rerrenrs. This species is immediately distinguishable from P. Iacteipennis by the entirely black legs, blacker mesonoirrm, tttd'.drrker wings. ' The hlve examined agree exacrly with European material. Males rp..i*..rr J are not uncommon tn Europe but none are so far known from North America. Merlonrar ExelrtNl;o. Alberta: Onefour, 1 9, 3 June 1956 (O.P.). Manitoba: Treesbank, I 9, 13 July 1915 (N.C.). Quebec: Ste. Foy, I I ,17 Julv 1961 (L.J.J.). Saekatchewan: Val A'{arie, I 9, 5 June 1955 (J.R'V.).

P seudonapornyza lacteipennis ( Malloch ) Phytomyza lacteipennis Malloch, 1gl3b, p. 152. Holotype e in USNM. P s eud onap omy za lac teip ennis, F rick, 195 2, p. 419 ; 19 5 9, p. 419. (Frick 1959: Arur-r. Third antennal segment with conspicuous angle at _uPPer. corner fig. 136); wing shining white; riesonotum mat-giay; tarsi distinctly yellowish. Hosr-pr-aNt/Brorocv. Unknown but certainly Gramineae. Drsrnrsurrox. Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan; widespread in U.S.A. Rnr,ranrs. This species is immediately distinguishable from the other North American species, provisionally identified as atrd Mg', by the milky wings, pale tarsi, and mat-gray mesonotum. All 36 spEcimens- I have examined are females and there are no males in Washington. It seems possible that the species may be parthenogenetic. Merpnrar ExaurNoo. Alberta: Elkwarer, 19,21 July 1956 (O.P.); Orion, 49"28', 110o50/, 39 9, 6 June 1955 (J.R.V.); Medicine Hat,2 e 9, 15 July 1956 (O.P.). British Columbia: Vaseaux L., Oliver, I 9, 16 Mav 1959 (R.E'L.). Manitoba: Treesbank, I 9, 13 July 1915 (N.C.). Ontario: Ottawa, l9 June 1951 (C.E.F., O.P.). Saskatchewan: Saskatoon, 19, 2 .fuly l93l;29 9, 17 July and 17 Aug' 1939 (K.M.K.); Val Marie, 3 e 9, 9 June 1955 (J.R.V.).

Grxus Napomyza Westwood Ndpomyzd Westwood (Halidav MS), 1840, p.152. Tvpe of genus: Phytomyza eleguns Meigen, 1830 (as f estiaa Meigen, 1830). The yellow, proiecting frons, proclinate orbital setulae, deep iowls, and presence of tn. seiond crois-vein make the trve,Ndpomy-z_a species readilv dis.- tinguishable. A number of species in Europe an! tr-v_o in North America, davisii Wilton and paraicella Coq.,^have been pliced in Napotnyza by virtue of the presence of the second crosi-vein. When recently revising the Europ.ean species bf thi. genus (Spencer 1966i) it was established that only the stem-boring species, as defiied abovi, represent a clearly monophyletic group. Other, leaf-mining

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 2ril species incruded," i"i;:T,,i ff ;J ;i':" shourd .o,,..try associated with various species-groups in the genus Phytornyzl. This is clearly indicated bv the male genitalia, rvhich in I,Japontyza are remarkably homogeneous, as seen in ihe illustratlons below. Both ttiaisii (lValton) and, parvicetti 1coq.) have norv been transferred to Phytotnyza but for convenience are also retained in the Napomyza key bclow. Naporuyza is a small genus with 10 Palaearctic species, 2 from Sourh Africa and 9 now recordcd in C-anada. Of the lrrrer, 8 are dcscribed as new and N. lateralis Fall. is confirmed from a sinqle locality at Chesterfield. A number of Napowyzd species are extremcly similar and can only be reliably separared by their male genitalia,

Kry ro Cexaorex Nabotnyza SppcrBs 1 Scutellumyellow .... pallenssp.n. Scutellum srav .. 2 2 NotopleuraT aic" and humerus yellowish; very large spccies, wing length ,l-5 mm ' ' . suaa sP, n. Side of thorax entirely gray, generallv smaller -.pecies . . 3 ; Third antennal segment with conspicuous pubescence ...... plutnea sp. n. Third antennal scgment appearing bare . . 4 T Sccond costal section short, Icss tl.ran twice length of fourrh 5 Second costal section longer, more than 2 % times length of fourth .10 ; First and second antennal segments vellowish; third antennal segment small, round; all knees conspicuously yellorv, for distance equal to tv'ice width of femora; mesonotum brovrnish gray . .. arcticola sp. n. All antennal segments black; knees yellow for distance ar mosr equal to width of lemora; mesonotum ash-gray .. . 6 6 Small species, wing lengtf, 2.5-3.1 mm; third antennal segment almost quadrate 7 Larger species, wing lengrh 3-4.5 mm 8 7 Aedeagus as in Figs. 379, 380 . lateralis Fall. Aedeagus as in Fig. 383 ...... nugax sp. n. ; Large species, wing length 3-3.3 mm; third anrennal segmenc large, round ...... ntitnula so. n. Very large species, wing length 3.5-4.5 mm g 9 2*2 orbital bristles (rarely 2*3), orbital setulae short, limited to area of ori; aedeagus as in Fig. 377 immanis sp. n. 3*4 or 2*l orbital bristles, orbital setulae extending to upper ors; aedeagus as in Fig. 378 . . intmciird sp. n. 10 Palps narrow, normal; frons nor proiecting above eye; third anter.rnal segment small, round . . Phl,tonryza dauisii (Walton) Palps conspicuously broadened ar end; frons disrinctly projecting above eye; third antennal segment elongated . . Phytomyza paruicella (Coq.)

Napomyza arcticola sp. n. (Figs. 37s, 376) He.\r. Olbits slightly proiecting above eve in profilc, normally rvitl-r 2 ors and 2 ori, orbital setulac short, sparsc;.iov'ls dccply extended at rear, tp to % 'r-ertical height of eye; third antcnnal secment round. n{rsoxo'ru,ri. 3{1 strong dc, acr irregular, in 3 or 4 rours. WtNc. Length from 3.2 mm in male to 4 mm in female, first cross-r.cin in continuation ot- second. Cor.on. Upper orbits and small area behind eve blacl<, frons, jorvls, face yellow; tl-rird antennal segnent black, 6rst and second yellorvish; mesonotum entirely mat, brownish black, sides of thorax blackish gray, aparr from yellow upper margin of mesopleura; legs black but

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 212 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoGIcAL socIETY oF cANADA wing all knees conspicuously vellow, for distance equal to almost trvice width of femora; base yellou'; ,qo"-". y"ilot", margin and fringe darker, blackish' NIe6 Gnnrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. )75,376, distiphallus with distinctive curvature. TvpBs. Holotype 6, Northwest Terr., Padiey, 6 Aug' 1950; paratypes: j950, 2 10 A"-g: Padley, 1 6, 1 Aug. sd 6, 6-8 Aug.; 3 I ?, 6 Aug., I 9, 1?10 (all R.A.Hennigari; Alaska, King Salmon,Naknek R., 1 I , 11 Aug' 1952 (J'B'H') ' '1042 Holotype, No. 3, and paratypes in CNC, four paratypes in author's collection. DracNosrs. This species is readily distinguishable by the conspicuously yellow knees, yellowish first and second antennal segments, and brownish colora- iion of the mesonotum. The male genitalia are distinctive but are typical of the lateralis-group. Napomyza im'manis sP, n. (Fig. 377) Essentially as in N. mugax blt with following points of difierence: substantially larger, wing length frtm 3.5 mm in male to 4.5 mm in female; third autennal segment, although longer than" bro"ad, slightly less quadrate, more rounded on lorver corner; orbits adioini"q :I. narrowlv blackiaci slightly more numerous, uP to 4 irregular,rows in front; male genitalia: distal piocess of aedeafus iarger, darker, side-arms of mesophallus straight (Fig. 377), sperm sac small, black. Tvpns. Holotype 6, Alaska, Unalakleet, 18 July 1961 (R'M.); ParatyPes: | 6,2 I 9, Unalakle.l, 15 ;ut-te 1961 (R.M.); Cape Thompson, 3 I 9, 29 July- 1 Aug. 1961 (B.S.H.); Umiat, 2 g s ,5 and 12 July 1959 (R.M.); Alberta, Whitemud Depot, Cr., Edmonton, 19 ,22 J Jne 1966 (K.A.S.); Northwest Terr., Reindeer Mackenzie Delta, 2I 9, 6 Julv 1948 (J.R.V.); Yukon Terr., Aklavik, 16, 21 June 1953 (C.D.B.); Firth R., t a , 1g,27 July and 6 Aug. 1956 (E.F'C', R.E.L.). Holotype, No. 10424, and paratypes in CNC, four paratypes in author's collection. DrecNosrs. This is a conspicuously large species. It is very similar to N. iwrnerita but it has ferver or6ital bristles and the orbital setulae appear to be distinctlv shorter. Thire are small bur distinct differences in the genitalia of the two species. Inimmanis the distiphallus is longer, the side-arms of the mesophallus are straight, not curved as in irimerita, and ih" tt-, of the hypophallus are also longer and more slender. Napomyza irnrnerita sP. n. (Fig. 378) Essentially as in N. imntanis, but orbital bristles more numerous' 3+3 (4 on one side) in holotvpe, 213 in paratype, orbital setulae possibly.lo.g"t:.extending to level of rpper ors; conspicuously curving male'fenitalia, (Fig. 378) with short, black _distiphallus, mesophallus and short,""d""go. rather broad hind-arms of hypophallus. TvpBs. Holotype 4, Alaska, Anchorage, 18 Julv 1951 (R.S'B.); l_.11t1'99' 16, Yukon Terr., S6eldon L., 3500 ft, l3lo37',62o51',7 July 1960 (J.E.H.N'I.)' both in CNC, No. 10+25. DracNosrs. This is a conspicuously large sPecies, rvith wing length of 4 mm in the male. It is distinsuishable from A/. imrmartis by the more numerous orbital bristles. The aedeagus."which is identical in the two tyPe sPecimens, has the distiphallus distinctly short and with conspicuolls curvature of the side-arms of the mesoohallus.

~~7fr/''2 (.,,'ta 'i \',",:/ l',,i //t,/ a 376~~

~~379~~

~~381~~

Frcs. 375-176, Napomyza arcticola: 375, aedeagus, side view; 376, same, ventral view. Frc. 377, N. immanis: aedeagus. Frc. 378, N. imtnerita: aedeagus. Frcs. 379-380, N. lateralis: 379, aedeag-us, side view; 380, same, ventral view. Frcs.3gl:392, N, mimula: 3g1, aedeagus, side view; 382, same, ventral view.

N apomyzct lateralis ( Fall6n ) tFigs' 379,380) Phytomyzd lmeralis Fall6n, 1823a, p. 3. Lectotype d, designated by Spencer, 1965d, in Lund. Spencer, N dp onry zct lat er aLi s, Hendel, 1920, p. 149; Frick, 1952,p' 421;1959,p' 420; 1965d, p.253; 1966i, p. Aour-r. Relatively small species, rving length 2.5-3 mm; all antennal scgments black, third distinctly longer ih^n b.o"d, quadratei -"r"o.tot.,- ash-gray, knees narrowly yellorv' N,{er.r Grxrr.qrra. Acdeagus as in Figs. 379,380, distiphallus with characteristic curvature. Hosr-preNr/Bror-ocv. confirmed hosrs are all in the compositae; no spec.i- mens have been reared in Canada but those recolded belorv were caught in association with Matricaria inodora, perhaps the most frequent host in Europe. The larva feeds either in the stem or^flower-head; oviposition flequentll'occurs in the leaf, from -rvhere the young larva quickly moves via the midiib and petiole to the stem. Dlsrntsurrox. Northr'vest Terr.; ?California; Europe; Japan. Rprrenr

Napomyza mimula sP. n. (Figs.381,382) Ha,qo. Frons exccptionallr, broad, 3 timcs rvidth of e}'c, conspicuouslv pro]ccting above unusually deep, up to cve in frontl 2l-2 orbital bristles, orbital setulac lcrng, prociinate;'deprh iowls tl, cheeks Lroad, morc than hilf of jorvls; third antcmral segment large,""tt.JLti-hrof somelr'h-at longir "v", than broad, rounded at cnd' r\'Ilsoxorur'r. Acr sonervhat irregular, from 2 to 4 rorvs' Wrrc. Length 3-3.3 mm, second cross-vein in continuation of first' cor.on. orbits variably darl

Naponryza nugax sp. n. (Fig. 383) Hneo. Frons broad, strongly pro]ecting above eye, orbital bristles variable, normallv 2f2 but sometimes 1f2 or 2*3, orbital setulae in ser.eral rorvs in front; iowls deep, cheeks forming broad ring belorv eye; third antennai segment slightly longer than broad, quadrate, r-irtually bare. llesoNoruu. Acr sparse, norn-rally in 2 ror.vs but frequently a few additional hairs in front. W1rvc. Length from 2.8 mm in male to 3.1 mm in female, second costal section short, in ratio 40:25 with penultirnate. Cor.on. Frons and orbits yellow, all antennal segments black; mesonotum and scutellum mat-gra,y, pleura gravisl-r black, mesopleura narrorvly yellow on upper margin; legs black but all knccs broadly yellow; squamae yellow, fringe brownish ochrous. Mero GrNrrarre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 383, distal process pale, small. Tvpps. Holotype d, Ontario, I,Ier Bleue, Blackburn, 3 June 1966 (K.A.S., J.F.N,IcA.); paratypes: + 6 6,same data; Alberta, Banff, 4455 ft, 1 6, 26 May 1910 (B.S.H.); British Columbia, Terrace, 19, 11 June 1960 (J.G.C.); Ontario, N4oosonee, 1 d, 18 July 1934 (G.S.W.); Ottau'a, 1 6, 7 June 1939 (O.P.); Quebec, Abbotsford, 1d, 30 May 1936 (G.E.S.); Gatineau Park, Harrington L., 16, 29 9, 7 June 1951 (E.E.S.). Holotype and paratype in author's collection, further paratypes in CNC, No. 10427. DrecNosrs. This is a relatively small species and can only be compared with N.lateralis. These fwo are not satisfactorily distinguishable on external characters but the male genitalia are entirely distinct.

Napom.yza pallens sp. n, (Figs. 384-386) Hnen. Frons exceptionally broad, 3 times v'idth of eye, conspicuously prolecting above eye in profile; normallv 2 ors and 2 ori but occasionally an additional bristle present; orbital setulae numerous, grouped on lower half of orbits; jowls decply extended at rear. up to lz vertical height of eve; third antennal segment (Fig. 38+) distinctive, rounded below. l.{BsoNorurr. 3f1 dc but these are somewhat irregular in size and spacing, acr sparse in2or3rov's. WrNc. Length 3.5-3.8 mm, second costal section between 7Yz and twice length of fourth, sccond cross-vein in continuation of first. Colon. Frons, orbits, face, jowls entircly yellow; hind-margin of eye yellow apart from small black patch around vte, vti on yellow ground; antennae entirely black; n-resonotum mat glayish-black; scutellum yellorv centrally, with small black a.reas at front cornersl notopleural triangle, humerus and upper third of mesopleura yellorvish; legs black but all l

~~il.li:..:'.,.,- 3g4\------/'"- '*,*;i& 386~~

Frc. 383, Napomyza nugax: aedeagus. Frcs. 38,t-386, N. pallens: 384, third antennal seg- mcntl 385. acdeagus, side vieiv;386, same, \'entral view. Frcs. 187-388, N. plumea: 387, aedeagus, side view; 388, same, ventral view. Frc. 389, N. szrda: hetd.

Napomyza suda sp. n. (Fig. 38e) . H_1ao (Fig.389). Frons broad, trvice u'idth of eve, conspicuously projecting abor.e ct'c in profile; orbiis raised, pronounced; orbital bristles iricsular, nor-a1,11'Z oi, atrd+ ori (aiso 2!3 or 1f5); orbital setulac numerous, in ser-cral rot.s, mainly in area' of ori; cheelrs forming broad ring b_elow ey'c, jorvls extendccl at rear, abour % vcrtical heighr of eye; rhird antenna"I scgment small, appcrring barc, ratlrcr squarc.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 218 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoGIcAL sociETY oF cANADA with additional NIasoNoruM. Dorso-centrals basically 3f1 but somervhat irregular, bristles sometimes acr irregularly in 4 rows' Present; short' in Wrxc. Length in female ^rp".i-""from 4 to 5 mm,-second costal:i::i:",.-"--"llv just basad of first' rario j::+ with fourth U",'-'.r. in ratio 7:4; second ctoss-vcin orange' orbits mainly possibly darker Coron. Frons, iorvls, and face veilowish l:llo*,but uppcr o.r, p.t.h ,.ound"r'te black, hini-margin of eye.othenvt::J"l.t::-ltl:i?":; above ,-"ll nalr or a".l prlfi blachl mesonorum mar-gra) l hunrerus, notopleural tnangle' and upPer rn".roirt.l." yelloivish *it6 r=.i"t t."g.iiirh ,r.,d.tio.t., pi.ntt otherwise gray; legs black but all kirees bright yellorv; squamae ani fiinge yellow. Hororypn A, Oniario, Ottawa, 3 June 1958 (J'R'V'); paratypes' 3 ?^3: (H.A'R.), 5 mi SW' of 16 June 1958 I{anitoba, Treesbank, 2 June 1923 -Shilo, (J.F.LIcA.) and Peoria, tll., zO rVlay 1918 (J I'I'Aldrich.)' Holo.tl'9945''3, 10'130' ,"a p".tr1,'pe in CNC,'on.'prtrtype in author's collection, one in USNM' characters Dr,rcxosrs. This is the largest knou'n l{apomyza and .distinctive are the pale humerus and notoplJural triangle and also the entirely yellow squamae.

Grxus PhytomYza Fall6n Phytottyztr Fall6n. 1810. p. 21. Tl pe of genus: Phytotn-y:a fltucold Fnll6n : " obscrrrelln Fa1l6n, 18i3b, by su6ieclueni designation of Coquillett' The proclinate orbital setulae and termination of the costa at vein l*; 2I€ the is normally Iacking but essential &,irr.t.., of this €lenus. The second cross-vein which have ir has recently been found ihat certain species rvith this .vein present, hi,h.rrn bccn placed in Naponryza, coirecrly belong herc. Tr'r'o such spccies transferred belbw to Pl:ytomyio rlat;isii' lWalt6n) and pa_rvicella (Coq.). Griffitlrs (1968b, p. 49) has similarlv^t" treated lonicerelln (Hendel) in Europe.' This is by-fni thc lrrgcsr uorld genus t'ith 400 dcscrib-ed specics. Eiglrrv- threc spccies rrc nou'reco"rded in Cria.ln. of u'lrich 46 arc dcscribetl as ne\\' :1lld 19 are'Holarctic. At least 4 spccies apPear to be introductions from Europe' p. iticis Curt. and P. tilgra \{g.'are knoion onlv from the Vancouver area' the first being certainly i'-'t''ntlottf,,rvith h-ollr'' P"rt1fipes.N{g'' feeding in stems of cabbage, ind p. vniiprs \lcq. in ffo$.,er-heids of RhindttthtLi, are onlv kno'uvn from the i\laritirnes; the fri,.t-iigh. l,ell have been introduced in har'' A further of possitrle introduction l"i" ifr;-tflrritimes is P. ratttutcrzli (Schrk') ."t-ticn is one ih. ,p..i., to be expected in haV. It is kn

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv p. gregariaFrick, ,'."";;,::;;",;:"" ffi.;:,^:;;,* de Meij. ,.,r,:: foliaceae); P. asterophdgd sp. n., P. matricariae Hendel, P. petasiti sP. n., and P. solidaginivoril sp.-P. n. (Compbsitae); P. inf elix sp. n., P. hum.ilis lP. n., P. ranunculi (Schrk.), and aibeatta Griffiths (Ranunculaceae); P. lanati' Spencer, P. o'smorhizae sp. n., and P. spondylii R.-D. (Umbelliferae). RelationshiP:...1^ further study be frequently be established from the genitalia but much -will- necissary before the phylogeny of thii large genus can be worked out in detail.

Knv ro CaNeonN Phytomyza SPecrns 0 Second cross-vein lacking 1 Second cross-vein present 89 I Frons essentially pale, yellow or reddish 2 Frons at least pariially dark, brown or black 5+ 2 Scutellum all or partially vellorv 3 Scutellum dark, gray oi black . . 7 3 Third antennal ,.g-"nt yellow major MalL Third antennal segment black aA Upper ors shorter than lower ' . 5 Tire two ors equal . . clematiphaga sp. n- ; Aedeagus ending in long tubules, partially coiled 6 Aedea"gus endin[ in 2 sLort, paired tubuies (Figs. 439, 440) " hutnilis sp' n' 6 Aedeagus with +6 coils, distiphailus not divided . . . . ranunculi (Schrk.) Aedea-us not so coiled, distinctlv divided throughout (Fig. aa6) .... infelix sp. n. ; Fcmora entirely o-r essentially yellow, at most with dark streaks 8 Femora black,-at most kneel yellow ll . sP. n-' TJ Third antennal segment black . . " ntirmda Third antennal se ment at least partially yellow 9 ; Sides of thorax black ' ' uaripes Macquart - Sides of thorax yellow l0 10 All coxae yellow; mesonotum black, weakly shining; ]owls exceptionally .dTP..", rear, at least 2l eye height . .'flavicornislTdxttcorn; Fa\l6n black - Mid-1 1U- andallo hind-ioxaehind-coxaeIIIIIU-COXae 6lack:black;UfaCK; mesonotumlIItrSUllULUlll entirelventirelyclrLrrsly mat'llldLr brownishuruwrrl rufipes Mg^i) 11 Sia", of thorax yellow laterally, including h.,*".o, ,nJ ,to.opl"o. trii"d; ^t -' * Sides of thorax' essentially dark laterally, at most upper margin of mesopleura variablv vellow .. '17 12 Second costal section long, 3li ro 4 times fourth Second costal section shorter, 2'i ro 3 times fourth 13 Ors ecual la - Upper ors shorter than lower or lacking ... spondyliiR.-D. 14 Both vertical bristles on black ... plumisetaFrosr. Both vcrtical bristles on yellow ..... petasitisp.n.

15 Hind-margin of eye entirely vellorv ...... tnatricariae Hendel Hind-margin of e.r'e black 16 l6 One ors solidaginivord sp. n. Two eaual ors . . . aconiti Hendel L; Upper ors shorter than lowe r or lacking 18 Thc trvo ors equal 26 18 Second costal section long, normally 3Y, to 4/z times length of fourth (at least 3'r rimes) t9 Second costal section shorter, normally less than 3 times length of fourth most 3% times) 2l

19 Only I ors present; second costal section at most 3 % times length of fourth . . . ' ' ' dsteroqhag4 sP' n' Invariably small upper^.. ofs present; second costal section 3% to 4/, times length of fourth . 20 20 Second costal section 3 % times length of fourth IaYy;1 52' Sccond costal section 4 to 4Yz timeJ length of f ourth spondylii R.-D. 2l Frons basically yellorv but conspicuoully darkened, suffused with black ...... ' prttl)d sP. n, Frons pale, yellowish or orange, at most orbits dark 22 2; Upper^ors entirely lacking . . 23 Uffer ors present 24 Secbnd cos;l scction very short, 1?1 times fourth " ' oblita sp' n' Second costal section longer, 3 % times fourth 23a ":z5A Second costal section 3% times length of fourth; notoPleulal area black (leaf-miner on Aster coilspicuus) ' ' ctsterophagd sP' n' Second costal section less than 3 tirnes length of fourth; notopleural.ar"ea.paler, brorvnish (leaf-miner on Aster ciliolatus) ctl'toldtt sP' n' .A .... titnida sp. n. Jorvls narro,,v, Y, verric2"). eye height; fore-tibia yellowish ,...,.. 25 Jorvls broader,'l to % 'r'eitical rye hcight; all tibiae black l) C)rbits black subtilis sP' n' Orbits scarcelr.' darkened tundrellsts sP' t' 26 Third antennrl r.g-..tt with conspicuously long pubescence . . . lactuca Frost Third antennal oribescence rtormri 27 27 Third antennal iegment pale, bro"vnish yellow; entire abdomen bright yellow ' ' anenl1nn)ord sp' n' - Third antcnnal segment black; abdornen at least Partially dark 28 28 Broad episto-" pi.r..tt; iowls deeply extended 29 - No epistoma ptit.ttt, mouth *argin normal ' 31 29 Second antenn;l segment black . . 29a - Second antennal tjg-.nt ycllowish 30 29a Frons variably darliened; laree spccies, wing length 3-3.4 mm; norrnally 1 ors iltustrts sP' n' Frons entirelv yellou'; smaller species, wing length 2.4 mm in male; 2 ors . .

~~30 ll{.rono..,r,'' .onrpi.oo,,tri" p"l., rr1,-grry .. . . . '#{;""t!;;:i - A,{esonotum darirer, blaci~~

39 Acr normally lacking, at most 3 or 4 isolated hairs prescnt . . . . 40 Acr prescnr in Z we-ll-defined rorvs 42 40 Second costal scction shorr, 1% tirnes fourth; third antennal segment enlarged; squamal fr:inge pale 4l - Second costal section longer, twice length of fourth; third antennal segmcnt small, round; squamal fringe dark +l Fore-coxae dark...... penstetil.oilissp.n. - Fore-coxae conspicuously yeilow plantaginis R.-D. 42 Fore-coxae brisht yellow 4l fore-coxae dafu .. +8 +l Frons strongly projecting above eyc, jowls conspicuously dcep, % er-c heigl.rt; wing length 2.5-2.8 mm . subtenella Frost Frons less projecting, jowls at most 1//, eye height; smaller species, rving Iength 2-2.4 mm r-t 4+ Arista conspicuously thickened basally . . . . . pedicularicdttlis sp. n. - Arista more slender, norrnal ,...... 45 +5 Second costal section 2 to 2l/z times lensth of fourth 46 * Second costal section shorter, less than iu'icc length of fourth 47 46 Tl'rird antennal segment distinctly enlarged, quadrate; acdeagus as in Fig. 394 ...... affinis Fill. Third antennal segment smaller, rounded; aedeagus as in Fig. 434 gelida sp. n. 47 Third antennal scgment small, rounded tnisella sp. n. * Third antennal segment distinctlv elongated, quadrate 47a 47a Secondantennalsegmentblack...... oblitasp.n. Second antennal segmen! yellow plantaginis R.-D. 48 Squamal fringe dark 49 Squanlal fringe pale 52 +9 E1'e covered with short, thick pilosity . . nigra Mg. - F)ye bare or at most with scattered pilositl' 50 50 N{esopleura entircly gray . . . fttscula Zett. - Mesopleura rvith upper margin narrowly vellow 51 51 Two ors,2 ori; Iarge species, wing length in male 3.2 mm ..... nagtdkensis sp. n. * Two ors, 1 ori; smaller species, rving length in male 2.8 mm . . . hebronensls sp. n. 52 Arista conspicuously thickened basally (cf. Fig. +77) .. .. sttperba sp. n. - Aristanormal . . . 53 53 Second costal section short, less than tu'icc fourth . . . . . atripalpis Aldrich - Sccond costal section longer, *vice length of fourth gelida sp. n. 5+ Two ors equal (or upper lonqer) 55 Uppcr ors shorter than lower or absenr 75 55 Tarsi conspicuously yellow 56 Tarsi black or dark brou'n 57 56 Sides of thorax bright vellow notopleurdLls sp. n. - Sides of tlrorax predominrnth' darl< . . . . agrontJ,zittn^Mg. 57 Second costal section long, at least 3 times length of fourth ...... 58 - Second costal section shorrer, less than 3 times length of fourth . 60 58 Acr in 6-8 rows . . ilicis Cvris Acrin2-4rows ...... Sg 59 A,{csonotum distinctly gray; large specics, rving length 2.8-3.3 mm; third antennal segment longer than broad inttolucrtfide sp. n. - f lcsonottrm darker black; smaller species, uirrg length 2.7 mml third anrcnnal segmenr small, round . . trtilii l{alt.

~~60 A{esonoturn brilliantlv- shining blackl acr in 2 rows . . 61 A,{esonotum distinctly mat, giavish or brou,nish-black 62~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 222 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocICAL socIETY oF cANADA 5l Only fore-knees yellowish cdnctdensis sP. n. (Sehgal) - All-knees yellorv; orbits conspicuously broad . . : _sp. (cf. catzadensis\ 62 Third antennal segment conspicuously enlarged 6] Third antennal sesment normal 64 63 Frons distinctly proiecting above eye; thild antennal segment,elongated; second costal section t',vice length of fourth; knees inconspicuously vellowish ''' cineraceaHendel - Frons not proiecting; third antennal segment large but not elongate; second costal sh-ort, tz t:":o ::*]:" :";:"'ltr :'':: "t 1'"i'1 "'l:*l ^)1,,I:;:;,o;;fli"t,.;lT: A4 Acr sparse. in 2 rows 65 Acr more numerous, in 4 rows 68 6; Second costal unusualll short, tltttl fourth' ," ;ection ]onser th1 iirliJJr,ior"o:u^u - Second costal section longer, at least 1% times length of fourth 66 66 Second costal section sho1t, 1% times length of fourth; iowls li height of eye; frons deep black; mesonotum brownish . . . . ' puccinelliae sp. n. - Second cbstal section 2 to 2llz times length of fourth; iowls % to % height of eve .. . 67 67 Eye with short, thick pilositv .. . nigra M9 - Ey" with at most scatftred pilosity . fuscula Zert' 68 N{esonotum dark, black ...... 69 Mesonotum paler, obviously gray 70 69 Jowls relativ6lv ttrtto-, rt must-% eye height . gregariaFrick - Jowls deep, aimost % eye height; cheeks iorming broad ring below eye- ' '''"' nrcrulasP'n' 70 Frons distinctly projecting above eye; orbits conspicuously differentiated . eudnescens Hend;l - Fton. ,ro. proi".,ing 71 Frons essentiailv black ' 72 - Frons black beiow, distinctly paler, brown or gray above 73 72 Very small speciei, wing 16n[rh 1.75-2 mm; ied'eagus as in Fig' 410 ' ' caPrif oliae sP' n' Slightly larger species, wing length 2-2.3 mm; aedeagus as in Fig.486. - pu""TriT:"i:- --:" 73 Frons and orbits distinc.lr' aedeagus as in Fig' oo, XZo - Frons black below; paler,---ote'tfirh, brownish iborr., ,tot g-rayish ' ' ' 7+ 7+ Second costal section short, twice length of fourth persicae Frick - Second costal section longer, 2'/' times length of fourth ...... queribunda sp. n., 75 Upper ors absent 76 - Upper ors present but substantiallv weaker than lower 83 76 Secbnd cos;l section long, more than 3 times length of fourth 77 - Second costal section short, 2 to 3 times length of fourth 79 77 Tarsi pale, yellow or vellowish 78 Tirslblack; costal s;1ion 37: times length of flurthl veins da;| '::."u (Shilo) 78 Second costal section 5 times lcnsth of fourth paLlipes sp. n. Second costal section slightly orier 3 times length of fourth; veins pale..... ,. modica sp. n. 79 Large species, wing length from 2.6 to 3.7 mm . . 80 Very small species, wing length 1.6-1.9 mm ...... 81 80 Second costal section short, twice length of fourth; frons conspicuously projecting t" o'r:' onr)' rore kn::: ut:']":ut i::': :r: l::":: irt::" 'i)',"uY,"",,,,,r, ,p.,.

* Second costal section longer, iust less than 3 times length of fourth; frons not significantlv projecting above eve; arista pubescentl all knees vellow clintatidophoeta sP.sp. n. 81 Acr in 2 rows; orbits and mesonotum moderately shining 82 - Acr in 4 rows; orbits and mesonotum brilliantly shining . . loeu,ii Hendel 82 Frons yellow; acr lacking; second costal section trvice length of fourth; distiphallus straighr (Fig. a0l) aquilegittora sp. n. Frons darker, brownish gray; acr present; second costal section 2 ,\5 times length of fourth; aedcagus curved (Fig. 520) thalictiaora sp. n.

83 Second costal section more than 3 times lenqth of fourth . . . . . 84 Less than I rimes lensth of fourrh 8i 81 Second costal section 3% to 4'l times length of fourth; tarsi dark brown n s".o.ta costal section I ro lr times lcngth of fourth; tarsi yellowot"11,!riiJlfrt$:,. n U) Acr in 2 rows 85 Acr in 4 rows 88

86 Third antennal segment greatly enlarged, round; mesonotum brou'nish black . . . . aibeana Griffiths - Third antennal segment normal; nesonotum gravish black . . . 87 87 Small species, wing length 2.4 mm; aedeagus as in Figs. 422, 423 . delphiniv"ord sp. n. Larger species, v'ing length 2.8 mm; aedeagus as in Figs. 425,426 . dentissa sp. n. 88 Third antennal segment distinctly enlarged; frons uniformly black; acr small ... . ucpetac Hd. - Third antennal segment small; frons paler, brownish, above; acr strong ; scbgall sp. n. 89 Palps narrow, normal; frons not proiecting above eye; third antennal segment smrll. round ... .. da.,'isii (\\'alton) - Palps conspicuouslv broadened at end; frons disrinctly projecting abo'"'e eve; third antennal segmcnt elongated ..... porw*icella (Coq.)

Phytomyza aconiti Hendel (Figs. 390,391) Phytoruyza acottiti Hendel, 1920, p. 159; 1931-36, p. 329. Holotype I in Vienna. Phytowyza delphiniae Frost, 1928, p.77;Frick, 1959, p.427, syn. nov. Holotype e in USNN{. Ant'rr. Frons yeliolv, both vt on darl< ground, second and third antennai segments black, first sligl-rtly paler; 2 equal ors, 2 similar oril mesonotum blackish gray, hurncrus, notopleural triangle, upper margin of mcsopleura yellorv; legs dark, only fore-knees faintly yellorvish; li'ing length about 2.4 mm, second costal section 3 rirnes lengtl-r of fourth. i\'{.u.o Gnxrrar-ra. Acdeagus as in Figs. 390, 391. Flosl-praxr/Brorocv. Acottiturn spp., DellphiniuTn spp., up to 10 or more larvae feed together, forming a large greenish-brou.n blotch, pupating externally; puparium brorvn. Dtstnrnurror. Quebec; U.S.A.; Europe. Rerrent

~~392~~

\{ernnr.qr r*o.r 1L u,o. Quelrec: Hcmmingford, 16 , ex Acottitrtnt,30 Aug. 1929 (G.H.H.); Val d'Or, leaf-mines r.vith larvae on Acortitunt, 22 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Phytomyza affinalis FrosI I (Figs. 3e2,393) Phytontyza a//irtilis Frost, 1924, p. 8.t; Frick, 1959, p. 423. Holotvpe 4, from Saskatchcu'an. in USN.\{. blacl< and botl'r vt on blacl< Anulr. Frons ancl orbits vcllou'. hind-n-rarsin""rel of eve cntirelv ground: frons conspicu,,uslr pro]ccting abovc 2'ors. tltc ul)fcr gcncrallr strorrgcr'. 3 incurved ori, orbital setulae ilenclcr; cheeks conspicuouslv diffcrcntiated, jov'ls deeplv extenclcd belorv er.c, alnost 1/: height of cve; cvc small,-slanring; broad epistonra prescnt; al1 antcnnal segmcnts black, thild small, rounded; nlesonotum nrat-qra\-t xcr spa.rse. in 2 rorvs; lcgs blacl< but all knccs briglrt.r'ellorv; squamae grar', fringe blacl<; u'ing length 2.'1 mm, sccond costal section just or-er nvice lengrh of fourth. MerE GEsn.Ar.r.r. Aedcagus as in Figs. 392,393. Hos:t-t,t.qx:t,/Bior-ocr-. Lrnknou.'n. Dtsrnttuttox. Saskatche'ulan. Rr:,rr.rnrr.s. The broad epistoma, co1-rspictlouslr- projecting frons, and deep jorvls mahe this a distinctive ipecics and these tlircc characters arc also found in P. aqrtilegiophagn, P. ilhrstris,' ancl P. hryini. Aitfiough clifiercnccs ri.ithiir this group of species are slight, thc genitalia are in all cases distinctive. I{r. G. Ster-skal has informed me that npert from the male labelled as tvPe, the tl-pe series consists of six further males ahd one fcmale, l1ot sevcn females as stated bv Frost.

~~l'l-c.rnRr,rL Ex-lr r r-x l.u. Saslratchewan: Estevan,2 A d, 20 Jlar- 1916 (J.I'I.A.), paratvpes..~~

Phytomyztt affinis Fall6n (Fig. ie+) Phytotrtvzd affinis Fa1l6n, \823b, p. 3; Spencer, 7965d, p.251; Griffiths, 7968b, p. 50. Lectotvpe d, from Su'eden, designatcd bv Spencer, 7965d, in Stockholm. Anulr. llcdium-sized spccics, v'ing length 2.2-2..1 rnrn, second costal scction t$'ice length of fourth;2 equal ors, fron.s stronglv-projccting, jou-ls deep, r:p to fi e)'e height; third antennal segnrcnt slightlv ekrngate, arista thickcned onlr' at base, nornral; rresonoturn niat-gra)-; fore-coxac vcllorv, femora black, ali knecs blight t-cllos'; squamae and fringe vcllorv. llrr-c Glxrr,rrrr. Aedcagus as in Fig. 39.1. Hosr-pr.qxr,rRror.ocy. P e diuilaris c (rntd erlsis ; Et rphr d si d spp. (Europe) ; larva fcecling in seed-heads, pupeting crtemellr'; Drlprrium orange-bro\\'rt, postcrior spirecular proccsscs each bn e stout cor-ricrl projection, scperated bl' 4 times diameter of clliptical plate at ape\ bcering circlc of rbout 25 bulbs. DIs'r.nrt;uttor. Labrador, Qr-rebec; Europe. Ncr'r' to North Anrerica' Rr:rr.rRns. T-his species verr- closelv rescmbles I'. pediuildricrnilis fccding in stcms of Pediuilaris end rhc onl\.eDparent e\ternal dilTcrcnce is in the arista u'hich is slender and normal in tffittis-bui.listinctlr- thicl

Iircs.190-391, Pl:ytoutl,ztt aconiti'. 390, aedeagus, side ricl-; 391, disriphallus, ventral vieu-. Iircs.392-391, P. dflittttlis: 391, acclcaqus, sidc i'icri';393, distiphallus, \-cntral r-ierl'. FIc.394, P. nffittis: aecleagus. Frc. 395, P. trgritn)':itt;r: acdcagus. Frc. 396, P. attetnon.it'ora: aedeagus. Frcs. 397 398, P.- tqtilegidrtcr: 397, actlcaqus, side vieir; 398, distiphallus, r'entral vierv.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 226 MEMoIRS oF TIIE ENTo\roI-ocIcAr, socIETY oF cANADA The true identity of affittis $.as onlv rccently esrablished by spencer. (:295!) after examination of Fallln's tvpes. Ii r,r,as misidentified by-Hendel (1931-36, p.334), who associated the name lr.'ith tl-re common European leaf-miner on Cirsiuru to rvhich t1-re name autumTtqlis Griffiths norv applics. Griffiths (lg68b) has reared affittis from seecls of Ettphrasia and the closell- related speci.i, tenella N'Ieigen, from seeds of Pedicularis ptlustris' There is insufficient evidence to decicle rvhethel the host-specificity on these genera he indicates is valid in Europe. The discovery of a/iinis feeding on Pedictilaris in Quebec suggests that this is not so. tr{ernnru Ex-qlttliso, Labrador: Hebron, 1 d, 1 ?, 19 July 195+ (J.F.IlcA.). Quebec: I,It. St. Hilaire, 1 6,, 3 ? ?, ex seeds of Pedicularis canndensis, em. 12 i\rtay 1965; 1?, 3 June 196't (J.R.V'); Old Chelsea, 2 6 6, 2g ?, caught on P. canudensls, 25 May 1960 (J.R.V.).

Phytomyza agrornYzinu Meigen (Fig.39s) 193l-36, pa 336; Frick, Phytontyza agrontyzittu- i\{eigen, 1ti30, p. 191; Hendel , lg|g, p.:+z+. Svntvpes-in \rienna and Paris (specimen in Paris \vithout abdomen. seen April 1967\. Aour-r. nledium-sized species, r.ving lcngtl-r 2-2.5 mn'r; second costal section long,3% to equal 1 nt 2 ori; frons + .ini., length of fourtl.r; frtr,, ,tot pr11".ti"g above. eve, .2 91t,. uormallv da"rk, bro..'1 btit sometimct^ p"l"t, Iirore ochrous-brorvnl third antennal segn'ienc black oi rrole rarelv slightly palcr, brbrvnishl mcsonotum nlat-gray, acr in'1 rou's, shortl pleura norn,allr ,larli bui u1ip.r nrarqin of nre:oplcura briglrt r cllou', notopleur.al erea ri ith tarsl hisr in.t rclluulunderron., i.gl fcmrra ulacl< but all linces bliglrt vcllou, tibiae and distinctlv vellorv. .\,Iarn GaNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Fig.395; distiphallus urembranous, at right-angles to cun.ed distal chitinized proccss. Hosr-pr.cxr/Brorocv. Corturs canadensis, C. strtlonif era, and otb'er Co'rttt'rs spp., lalva forming upper surface, greenish-rvhite, linear mine, u'ith frass in conspicuous black strips. DrsrlnteurtoN. Albelta, Quebec; U.S.A.; Europe. New to Canada' RErr-anrs. Among the species $.ith the frons darli and 2 equal ors, P. (Lgro?lryziltd can only"b" .n-ptted u'ith P. rtotoplettrnlis, both having con- ,ii.oonsiy ycilow t.rii; ir-r agroniyzina hou,evet the notoPleural area is significantly darker. N'IATERTAL Ex.tlrrxuo. Alberta: Edmonton, U1iv. Campus nncl Whitcmud Cr., 14-30 June, Iarvae feeding on Co'rnus cdliddensis and stolotilf era. Quelrec: GreatWhale R., 3 ? 9, 15,t\ug. 1949, exCo'ntus cttnddcttsis (J.R.V.)'

Phytomyza anentoniuorn sP. rr' (Fig. 3e6) Hrco. Frnns ntrt prrrjecring lbor.c erc: J cqual ors.2 sinlilar equal oril orltital setulac rvell .lcr.ck,peJ. irr single r.,,* f.,,'i'' upp"...* t,r louer ori: evc. large, ]otls relltirely ttarro\v' broad. at nrosr % i-ertlcal e1-! height; thircl antennal segrnerlt slightly longer than Xlesoxorur'r. Acr irlegularly in 4 rows.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 227 wrNc Leng,, ,,:;:::, ,".":. ..""'H" ;:::;'J1""-,,. or rou.h. Coron. Frons, ]owls, face, and palps yellowish orange; hind-margin of eye black, vti on pale ground, vte iust on black; second and tl-rird antennal segments pale, brownish yellow, first entirely yellorv; mesonotum and scutcllum mat-gray; sides of thorax essentially dark, grayish black but upper margin of mesopleura normally yellow, humerus and notopleural triangle slightly paler, brorvnish; legs black but all knees distinctly yellow; abdomen in both sexes entirely bright yellorv; squamae and fringe yellowish. MarB GtNrrer.re. Aedcagus as in Fig. 396, distiphallus conspicuously long and narror'v. Tvpns. Holotype 6, Ontario, Bell's Corners, nr. Ottawa, 9 Apr. 1952, ex "head of Anemone sp.," collected previous summer; paratyPes: 16,29 9, em. 8 Apr. 1952 (all J.F.McA.). Holotvpe, No. 10431, and trvo paratypes in CNC, one paratype in author's collection. DrecNosrs. This is an entirely distinctive species, immediately recognisable by the pale antennae and briqht yellow abdomen.

Phytom.y za aquilegiana F rost (Figs. 3e7, 3e8) Phytotnyza aquilegianu Frost, 1930, p. 459; Frick, 1959, p.424. Holotype a in USNX,{, Arurr. Frons and orbits vellor.v, antennae and palps black; both vt on black ground; 2 equal ors, 1or 2 ori; jolrls relatively narrow; acr numerous, irregularly in 5 or 6 rows in frontl mesonotum and abdomen mat, blackish; sides of thorax dark, mesopleura only narrowly yellow along upper margin; legs black, only fore-knees bright yellow; squamae pale, fringe ochrous; rving iength from 2.4 to 2.7 mm, sccond costal section long, about 4 times fourth. X{er,n GpNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. )97,J98. Hosr-r,pexr/Brorocv. Aquilegia spp., larva forming large greenish blotch, rvith frass scattered throughout mine in fine black grains; pupation externally, puparium reddish brown, deeplv segmented. Dtsrntnurlox. Manitoba. Ontario: Eastern U.S.A. RBnenrs. The distinctive character of this species is the Iarge number of acr, which immediately separate it from other somewhat similar species, in rvhich thc acr are strictlv in 2 rows. P. aquilegiana closely resemblcs P. aquilegiae Hardy forming similar blotch- mines on Aquilegia in Europe bur the genitalia of the two are entirely distinct. Nt[,trEn rer Exel,nx nu.

~~Manitoba: Aweme, 1 6, 1 9, 1 N{ay 1930, "columbine leaf-miner" (R.M.W.). Ontario: Pelee, 2 6 6,1 g, em. Aug. from leaf-mines on A. canadensis, leg. 15.|uly 1e67 (K.A.S.).~~

Phytomyza aquilegiophdgct sp. n. (Figs. 399, 400) Ffral. Frons broad, srrongly projecting above eye, particularly at base of antennae; 2 equal ors, 3 incun'ed ori; orbital setulae conspicuously long, in several torvs on lorver half of orbits; jowls deeply extended at rear but variable, between 1/z and % height of eye, cheets forming broad ring below eyc; third antennal segment distinctly elongated, bare; broad epistoma present, width equal to that of cheeks. A,Iesoxoru,v. Acr coarse, in 4 rov's, WrNc. Length in male 2.7 mm, only slightly more in female; second costal section short, in ratio 35:20 with penultimate.

Phytonyza aquilegiaora sp. n. (Fig. a01) . Fleeo. Frons conspicuously broad, 3 times width of eye; orbits broad, differentiated, with 1 ors and 1 ori, oibital setulae sparse; jowls exrcnded it rear; third antennal segment round, Iarge. MnsoNorunr. Acr lacking, also no hairs present in intra-alar area. WrNc. Length in male 1.6 mm, second costal scction trvice lenqth of fourth. , Coron..Fro-ns y-ellowin upper half, blacl< around margin of lunule; hind-margin of eye and cntire orbits.hlack; jowls and'facc grayish yellow: all arriennal segments blackl nlesonotum black. .only moderarcly shiningr p)euri entircly black; lcgs black bit femora with all knces palcr, brownish I'ellow; squamae-yellorvish griy, fringe biack. Mern GBxrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 401, distiphallus almost straight. Hosr-preNr/Brorocv. Aqrilegia cdn&densis and probably other Aqnilegia spp., larva,forming irregular, whitish, upper surface inear mine, rvith ftrrrl.t scattered black grains or strips, puparing eiternally, puparium ovoid, dark bror.vn, posterior spiracles in an ellipse of tO._t{lutbs. HorotypB d, Ontario, Pelee, em. 25 Sept. 1967 ex leaf-mine on Aquilegia cdtt(td-ensis,leg. 15 July 1967 (K.A.S.), in aurhor's collection. Empty leai-mines found at Windsor, Onl., on Aqttitegia sp., 18 Oct. 1965 (K.A.S.). Drecxosrs. The single ors, black orbits, lack of acr. and small size make this a distinctive sDecies. It has been known in the United States for over 60 years. Frosr (1924) discusses it as P. aqztilegiae Hardv and describes it in some detail but later ilqld. p. a57) refers it to P. minttsnrln Gour., followins the identification by Hering of American s-pecimens as this European species.* Ir is popularly knolvn as the Columbine leaf-miner. P. minuscttla has the frons generallv dark, acr are always present and the second costal section is longer, 3 to 4 times the fourth. The geniialia are distincr, with the distiphallus stoutCr and conspicuously bending at t-he apex (Fig. 547).

Frcs. 399--400, Plsytontyza aquilegiophdga: 399, aedeaqus, side vicrv; 400, samc, vsn112l vigli'. FIc. .101, P. aquilegir:ora: aedeagus. Frcs. 402-403, P. arnlit,ora: 402, aedeagus, side vierv; -side 403, distiphallus, ventral view. Frcs. 40,t'106, P. asterophaga: 4ol, acdeagus, r-iew; 405, distiphallus, ventral vier.v; 406, leaf-mine on Aster cottspicutts.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 230 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoGIcAL socIETY oF cANADA with A specimen I have examined from Hokkaido, Japan, St;-tlttlia identical -Y-s- that thoie of Furopean specimens (Sasakarva's.illustration, 1961: fig' 133' suggests I have also examined two-specimens a further rp"d., -"y U" Present in Japan)' Simla, 7000 ft, in Himalayas' re"red by'Sehgal frL^ ihotittruni^i -the.western Surprisingly tfr. e.nit;li, rgree very closely u'it6 the North Amerjcan species. ;;riie:;;rz/r, ,f.'" ?r""i ir ,fio yelloiv. However, therc are acr Present ana wlth1'!; ,*o.ri costal section is longer. these two characters being in common rniru.tscula. This Himalry".r" for- thus appears to be intermediate between aquile giaor n and minus culn.

PhytomYza araliaora sP' tr. (Figs. 402' 403) substantially shortet' Ho.qD. Frons not prolecting above eve in profile; 2 ors, the upper longer than broad 2 incrr'ed ori; jov,ls iti antennal segment ilightly but not enlarged, arista"rtr'.r;,"t;'?;ft"ign;',f only slightly pubescent' llnsoNorurt. Acr in 4 rorvs. of fourth. wrrc. Length about 2.2mm,second costal section from 3 to3% times length Frons bror.vnish black, orbits black, only weakty shining; all antennal s-egTelts coron. 'dusted dark; blackr iorvls rlark brorvnf ,''.ro"n,"- black, heavily iuith g{; pl"or"--entirely r.it,"r"-... ul.t. riLt".es hright yellorv..tjb.iae ah! tarsi paler. yellow to yellouish-brorvn; wing base brown, squamae grav, margin and fringe black' N,l['\LE GENIrArre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 402' +O3' long, Hosr-pre*r/Brorocv. Aralia iudicartlis and rflcemosd) l^rv^ -forming whitish linear mine. broad torvards end, with frass in fine, scattered grains, pupation externallv, puparium black' ex leaf-mine on Typrs. Holotype a , u.s.A., N,{ontana, 15 mi NE. of Polson, data as Aralia nttdictfltlis,6'irirv 1"967 (Susan Wl-ritney); ParatyPes: 2? 9, same g holotvpe; Alberta, south sicte of Lake lVabamun, i a, i , caught on Aralia nttdi- Hoiotype catilii,'1-3 Julv 1966 (K.A.S.); George L.' 11, 6 Julv 1966 (K'A'S')' Numerous emPty mines were found in USNM, PaiatYPes in author's collJction. at Val d'Oi, Que., 21 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Dtecxosrs. A dark ipe.i.s, with tlie uPPer ors shorter than the lower' the second costal section long, and the titriae and farsi conspicuously pale'

Phytomyza asteroPhaga sP. n' (Figs. a0+-406) lIulo. Frons 1% times rvidtl] of e\-e' not projecting above el.e in.profiIe; 1 strong ors, antennal 2 ori: orbital s"t.rlr" ,pa.se, iowls broad, .*t"nd"d at rear, i verricai e1-e height; third scgnrcnt small. round. N{osoxorurt. 4rh dc at lcvel of pre-sutural, 3rd at suture; acr short, irrcgularly in 4 rows' wrxc. Length from 2.5 to 2.7 mm, second costal section 2/z to 3% times length of fourth. coron. Frons veilorv, hind-margin of eye black, vti at border of yellorv; antennae, face and palps black; mesonotum and scuicllum mat, blackish-gray;^sides of.thoral entirell' dark legs: femora black, all knecs tright fr'o- narro\r, vello,,v upper margin of .mesopleura; y!l1o*,"prra' tibiae and iarsi disiinctly pr1., yellorvish brownj squamae yellorv, fringe darker, ochrous gray. Nlelt GaNrrar.re. Aedeagus as in Figs. 40+,405. Loen-lrrxo (Fig. a06). Long, rather straight upper surface linear mine, rvith frass in small incoispicuous grains or disconnected strips; pupation exte.rnally, puparium dull black, posterioispiracles each rvith an ellipse of about 12 bulbs'

Tvpns. Holotvpe 6, Alberta, Wabamun, south side of lake, em. 12 N'[ar. 7967 fuom leaf-mine on Aster conspicuus, Icg. 1 July 1966; paratype 1 9 , same data (K.A.S.), in author's collection. Drecxosrs. The most distinctive character of this species is the strong single ors; this is in common with the closely related species, P. ciliolati, but the two are distinguishablc by tl-re differences given for this species on p.234. 'fhe conspicuously long leaf-mine of P. dsterophaga u'ith indistinct frass cannot be confused with that of P. cilioluti, r.vhich is shorter, r.r'ith frass in distinct black strips.

Phy to my za atrip alpis Aldrich Phytoruyzu atipalpis Aldrich, 1929, p. 89; Frick, 1959, p. 425. Holotype 9 from British Columbia in USNr\{. Arur-r. N{edium-sizcd species, rving length in female 2.7 nn, second costal section short, 1% tines length of fourth; frons yellorv, antennal segments black; mesonotum mat-gray, acr in 2 rows; frons not projecting abovc eye, 2 ors,2 ori; abdon-ren black, squamal fringe pale. Hosr-prexr/Brorocv. Larva feeding in seeds of Anemone rmiltifida, probably pupating in sced-head; larva/puparium not described. DrsrRrnurroN. British Columbia. Rnuenrs. The only specimen I have seen is in imperfect condition and an exact diagnosis is not possible. The distinctive characters appear to be thc 2 equal ors, acr in 2 rorvs, short second costal section, and pale squamal fringe. A female caught on "flor'ver-head of Attentone canadensis" at Jasper,8.C., 16 June 1966 (K.A.S.), possibly -represents P. atripalpis but the entire upper orbits are grav, N,{ernnrar, ExeurNeo. British Columbia: Comber, 1?, em. i\4ay 1928 cx seeds collccted Nov. 1927, PaIatyPe. Phytomyza bunffensis sp. n. (Figs. 407, 408) He.qr. Frons broad, slightly more than trvicc rvidth of eye, distinctly projccting above eve in profile; 2 equal ors; 2 ori, the upper strong, the lor.ver substantiaily lveaker; orbital setulae sparse but in 2 rou's in front; cheelis broad, jorvls deeply extended, about /z cr-c hcight; third antcnnal segment quadrate, distinctly elongated. X1r.soNoruu. Acr in 3 or 4 rotvs in front (not fully visible). WrNc. Length about 2.8 nlm (both missing). Coron. Frons, orbits, and ]orvls yellorv; facc generally pale but depressions slightly gravish; all antennal scgmcnts and palps black; mcsonotum and pleura blackish gray; lcgs blacl<, all knecs 1-cllorv; squamae yellouish, frir-rge dark. X{.lro Gr--rr-cl.r,r. Aedeagus as in Figs. 407, 408. Hororvpo d, Alberta, Banff, Sun''vaptx Pass, 6700 ft,9 July 1956 (G.E.S.), in CNC, No. 10433. Dr,qr;xosrs. f'he verv dccp jorvls and projecting frons mal

Phytotnyza canadensis sp. n. (Irig. 409) Hr.qn. Frons not projecting above eve; 2 equal ors, 1 ori; jouds relativelv broad (measurement nor possible, head deforrncd); rhird anrcnnal segment large, round, rvith distinct fringe of pubcscence, arisra unifornly tapcring.

~~F F:~~

~~412~~

Nlpsoxorulr. Acr sparse, in 2 rorvs. Wrxc. Length in female 1.G1J5 mm, second costal section short, 1Z times length of fourth or slightly longer, in r^tio 23273. Coron. Almost entirely black species; mesonotum brilliantly shining black; legs black, only fore-knees faintly yellowish; squamae vellowish gray, fringe black. Host-praxr/Brolocv. Anem.one canddensis, Iarva forming linear mine (Fig. 409) largely following margin of leaf, r,vith frass in fine, irregularly scattered black grains, pupating externally; puparium black, posterior spiracles each with a small eliipse of about 10 bulbs. Tvpps. Holotype 9, Aiberta, Edmonton, em. 14 July from leaf-mine collected 28 June rloo 1X.e.S.); 1 paratvpe I, em. 15 July, otherwise same data, both in author's collection. Drecxosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the 2 equal ors, acr in 2 rows, brilliantly shining mesonotum, only fore-knees paler and very short second costal section. A sinele undescribed female from Cypress Hills, ,\lta.,24 June 1966 (V.K.S.)' is somewliat similar to cfinddcnsls but ail-knees are distinctly yellorv, the second costal section is longer, and the orbits are unusually broad, P, hendeli Hering, mining Anemone nemoros(t in Europe generally resembles P. canadensis but the mesonotum is less shining. the acr are in 4 rows, and the posterior spiracles of the larva (puparium) arJlarger and each has an ellipse of 18 bulbs. Leaf-mines found on Anentone pdtens at the roadside between Banff and Calgary on 28 June 1966 (K.A.S., V.K.S.) certainlY rePresent an undescribed species. The frass is arranged in two rows of more or less connected strips, quite distinct from the scattered grains found in P. canadensis. The single puparium obtained was black but unfortunatelv no adults were reared.

Phytomyza capriloliae sP. n. (Figs. 410,411) HEeo. Orbits with 2 equal ors, 1 similar ori, and a very short hair in front; jowls about % r'ertical eye height; third antennal segment small, round, without distinct pubescence, ar.ista swollen in lower third, finer above. A4esoNorura. 3*1 dc, irregular, in 4 rows in front, not reaching level of first dc. WrNc. Leneth from 1.75 mm in male to 2 mm in female, second costal section twice Ienstn ol lourtn. Coron. Frons uniformly mat-black, antennae entirely black, mesonotum distinctll' gray, entirely mat; legs black, fore-knees indistinctly brownish; squamae pale gray, fringe black. Mlrn GBxrr.crre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 410, arms of basiphallus with narrorv extension projecting bevond ventrally-diiected black processes of distiphallus; hypophallus largc, oval, moderatclv clritiniz-edl sperm sac minutc. Pupanrurr. Normally pale, straw-colored or siightly darker, more brownish; posterior spiracles on vc.ry short stalks, each with an ellipse of 8-10 bulbs. LEar'-r'usp (Fig. a1 1). Small, irregular brownish blotch, u'ith frass in scattered black grains, puparium yellowish, in mine.

Frcs. 407-408, Phytomyza banffensis: 407, aedeagus, side vierv, 408, same, ventral view. Frc. 409, P. canadensis: Icaf-mine on Anetnone canadensis. Frcs. 110-'111, P. caprifoliae: 410, aedcagus; 411, leaf-mine on Sytnphoricarpos. Frcl 412-+13, P chelonei: 412, aedeagus, side view; .113, distiphallus, ventral r-iew. Frc. 41+, P. ciliolati: leaf-mine on Aster ciliolatus. Frc. 415, P. cineracea: aedeagus.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 23+ r{EMoIRs oF THE ENro\'roLocICAL socIETY oF cANAI)A Tvprs. Holotvpe d, Alberta, Red Deer, em. 23 June 1966 from leaf-mine onsyrnphoricarpos albus,leg. 12 June; ParatvPes: 2 3 6, same data as holotype; Alberta, okotoks, +3 6,2g ?,22-23 J'tne 1966, ex leaf-mines on same host, leg' 11 June (K.A.S.). Holotvpe and paratypes in author's collection, further para- t-vpes in CNC, No. 10134. Drecxosrs. This species cannot be readilv distinguished from P. periclymeni on external characters, although it is generallv somervhat smaller; it may be separatbd from P. gregaria, 'nvhich is otherrvise similar, by the more gray mesonotum. The small, irregular leaf-mine cannot be mistaken for the composite mines of the gregariously feeding P. gregaria but might be confused rvith those of P. periclymetil; they are normally, hor,r'ever, substantially larger in this latter species.

~~Phytomyza chelonei sP. n. (Figs.412, 413) HB,co. Frons distincrlv pro]ccting atrove eye, morc so in front, 2 equal ors, 2 similar ori (lotver sometimes u'eal~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv rhe rcar-mi"., ;;.#.ffi il;.;.-"the thick br,.r. r,::: of P. ciliolati make the"r;. leaf-mines very conspicuous.

Phytonyza cineracea Hendel (Fig. a15) Phytotnyza cineracea Hcndel, 1920, p. 166; 1931-36, p. 376; Griffiths, 7968a, p. 134. Female syntypes in Vienna. Arurr. X'Icdium-sized species, v.ing Iength 2.2-2.7 mm, second costal scction short, trvice length of penultimate; frons brown, conspicuously raised above eye, orbits pronounccd; 2 equal ors,2 ori; third antennal segment large, distinctlv elongated; mesonotum mat-gray, acr essentially in 2 rorvs, sometimes 1 or 2 extra scattcred hairs in front; legs black, fore-knees dull yeliowish; squamal fringe pale, though margin dark. A{ere Goxrrerr.+. Aedeagus as in Fig. 415. Host-pr.qxr/Brorocv. Ranunculus spp., larya feeding internally in the stem. DtsrntnurroN. Alberta, Ner,vfoundland, Ontario, Quebec; W. Europe, including lceland. New to N. America. Ror'r.cnrs. The projecting brown frons and conspicuous orbits make this species readily recognisable. The position at rest of the slender distiphallus is variable. It may be entirely straight, with slight curvature as illustrated or r,vith a more pronounccd curvature. P. cineracea is readily distinsuishable from P. evanescens which also feeds in stems of Rsnunculus by the lirger third antennal segment, sparser acr and generally paler frons. Merlpnrer, Exararloo. Alberta: Okotoks, I a,4? 9, 11June 7966, on leaves and flowers of Rannttuilus sp.; Jasper, | 6,2Q ?, 19 June 1966; Cvpress Hills, r9,25 June 1966; Coleman, | ?,27 June 1966; Frank, I g ,26 June 1966 (all K.A.S.). Larvae wcre found in stems of Ranunculus sp. at Colcman,2T J:une 1966. Nervfoundland: St. John's, 1 d, -{ June 1919 (H.K.). Ontario: Bell's Corners, 2 6 6, 5 9 9, em. 7-23 A{ar. 7968, cx stems of Ratutnculus sp., leg. 7 Julv 1967 (K.A.S., G.E.S.). Quebec: Farnham, 1d, 5 Junc 1963 (J.R.V.); Harrington L., Gatineau Park, 8 June 195+ (H.J.H.).

Phytomyza clematidophoeta sp. n, (Figs. 416, 417) F{e,co. Frons nor projecting above cyc in profile; 1 strong reclinate ors, 3 incun'ed ori; ]orr.ls broad, in centre Y, tt rcar almost % r.ertical height of eve; third antcnnal scgmcnt large, slightlv longer than broad, arista distir-rctly pubesccnt. Nlrsoxolurr. Acr sparse, irregularlv in 3 or 4 rorvs. Wrxc. Length 2.6-2.7 mn, sccond costal section gcncrally just less than 3 times lcngth of fourth. Cor-on. Frons mat black, orbits slightlv paler, brori'nish; all antennal segments black; mcsonotum moderatcly shining black, pleura blacl<, upper margin of mesopleura only narrorvly 1-ellorv; Iegs hlacl<, all krrees vellorv; squamae and fringe I'ellolv. r\Iara Gr'xrrar-ra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 416, +17. Hosr-pr.qxr/Brorocv. Not positivelv established but almost certainly Clerndtis, larva feeding as internal stem-borer.

1952, Tvpns. Holotype d, Ontario, Bell's Corners,4 June swept {r_om "wlld Clematis" (J.F.N{cA.); paratypes: 5 3 6 ,2I g , same data. Holotype, No' 10436, and paratypes in CNC, two paratypes in author's collection. Dt,ccxosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the single ors, relatively short second costal section, non-projecting frons, and yellow knees. It resembles P. saskatoonensis bttt is disttnguishable-by the longer second costal section and yellow knees on all legs. It also closely resembles P. modica but the second cost;l section is slightly lo-nger; the aedeagus of the two species is of the same general form but the differences are distinctive. The genitalia of this species are externally similar to _two EuroPean species feeding ii the stem of Ctematis rectd, P. clernatidicaulis Hg., and P. nouitzkyi Herinf, 1958 (Fig.548). These two species, however, are generally similar to, but oSviously disiinct from, cletnatid.ofihoeta; the mesonotum of clematidicaulis is conspicuously mat-gray, while in novitzkyl the frons is broadly proiecting above the eve in the lowei half and all knees are yellolv. It seems certain in view of these similarities that P. clematidoDhoeta feeds in stems of Clematis verticillaris,

Phytomyza clematiphag.r sP. n. (Figs. 418-420) HBeo. Fions broad, twice width of eye, nor proiecring above eye in profile; 2 equal ors, 1 or 2 ori; orbital setulae sparse but a few weak hairs always Present; jowls deep, about Yz vertical elie height, cheeks- forming broad ring belorv eye; third antennal segment large, elongate,'with fine white pubescence. N4ssoNorur'r. Acr somewhat irregular, in 2 or 3 rows' WrNc. Lensth from 2.3 mm in male to 2.8 mm in female, second costal section 2% times length of fourth. - Coron. Frons, orbits, jorvls, face, palps yellow; hind-margin of .eye almost entirely .yellow, though black from occiput may iust reach eye beyond vte; third_ antennal segment black, first a-nd second yellow; mesonotum basically ash-gray, normally divided by narrow yellow bands along line of dc, also central area adjoining scutellum yellow (Fig._418); scutellum bntirelv yellow; si?es of thorax predominantly y"llo-,it-t"sopleura'gray along.front and lower margins; legs including coxae entirely yellorv; squamae and fringe yellow. Mer-o Gelrrrar.re. Aedeagus as in Figs. 419, 420, the two arms of the distiphallus conspicuously broadening at end. Lner-r,rrxn. An upper surface, white linear mine with frass deposited in black strips at alternate sides of the channel; pupation in leaf, with anterior spiracles of puparium projecting through epidermis; puparium yellowish brown, posterior spiracles on small projections, each with an ellipse of 10 bulbs. Tvpns. Holotype 6, Alberta, Edmonton, em. 7 Aug. from leaf-mine on Clematis sp., leg. 26 July 1966 (8. Hocking); paratypes: 1 I , ex Clematis sP., 24 Sept. 1966 (V.K.S.); Frank, I g, 9 July ex C. aerticillaris, leg. 26 ltne 1966 (K.A.S.); U.S.A., Montana, 15 mi NE. of Polson, 2 6 6, +? 9,26 July 1967 ex C. cohmbiazza (Nutt.) T. & G. (S.W.). Holotype, No. 10437, in CNC, paratypes in USNN,{, author's collection, and coll. Sehgal. DrecNosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the yellow scutellum, yellow pre-scutellar area, black third antennal segment, and 2 equal ors. How- ever, among the series from Montana is one male with the mesonotum entirely dark and distinct genitalia (Fig. 550). This specimen certainly represents an undescribed sDecies. In the same series there are six females intermediate between clematiphaga and this darker male and it is at the moment not clear with which of the two species they should be associatec.

~~416 417~~

~~41A~~

~~422 %~~

~~<;, -=€i~~

Frcs. 416-417, Phytomyza clernatidophoeta: 416, aedeagus, side view; 417, distiphallus, ventral view. Frcs. 418420, P. clematiphaga: 418, mesonotum; 419, aedeagus, side vier.v; 420, distiphallus, ventral view. Frc. 427, P, daaisii: aedeagus. Frcs.422-414, P. delphiniuora: 422, aedeagus, side vierv; 423, same, front view; 424, leif-rr-line or:' Delphinium sp,

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 238 ME\.roIRS oF TI{E ENToMoLocIcAL socIETY oF cANADA This species is clearly close to P. clemativora Coq. (1910, p. i31) from Texas but It is believed ihat the latter rvill prove to 6e a distinct species of essentially Neotropical disrrjbution.

Phytomyza daaisii (Walton) comb. nov. (Fig. a2t) Agromyzo ddl)isii Walton, 1912, p.463; N'Ialloch, 1973a, p. 284. Holotype I in USNI{. Ndpomyza dnvisii (Walton), Frick, 1952, p. 420; 1959, p. 419. Arulr. I{edium-sized specics, wing length 2.7 mm, second costal section long,.31rlz times length of fourth, sccond cross--r.cin distinltly distad of 6rst; frons, iunule, jowls bright 1'ellorv, upfler orbits slightly darkened, frons not pro]ecting above eye; all anteunal scgments black; nresonorum rrar-grav, acr in 4 rorvs; lcgs black, knels faintly ycllowish; squan-rai fringe pale. i\{elr Grrrrerr.l. Aedeagus as in Fig. 421. Hosr-prex1/Brorocv. Ranunculns dborti'u^Lrs, details of leaf-mine not recorded. Drslnrsulrox. Ontario, Qucbec. Rnr.renrs. The male senitalia immediatelv indicate that this sPecies is-not a true Napon4lzd, despite the-presence of the second cross-vein, and it is transferred to Phytotn.yza herewith. The genitalia are of the same general form as in a number of Phytornyza species .n-d in perticular confirm its close relationship rvith otlrer feeders on Ranunculaceae, such as acottiti Hend. It is also closely reiated to P. rydeni Hering (193.1, p. 6tl), knorvn as a leaf- miner on RatuncrtliLs in Srveclen and the differeices in genitrlia in the tu'o species are slight. In rydeni, holever, the proboscis is conspicuously elongated, and the orbits and frons are significantlv darker. X'Ierunrar, Ex-q.urxsp. Ontario: Fenelon Falls, 14, 27 X{av 1927 (F.P.Ide); Simcoe' 1 e, 6 June 1939 (G.E.S.); t\'Ier Bleue, 7s,2 July 1938 (G.E.S'); Orillia, 79,12 J:une 1927 (c.H.c.). Quebec: Great Whale R., I 6, 2 July 1949 (J.R.V.).

Phytomyza delphiniuord sp. n. (Figs.422424) Flrao. Frons not significantlv projecting abor.e eye, orbits broad, rvell differentiated; 2 ors, the upper significanily rveaker, i incun'ed ori, orbital setulae short, sparse; jorvls deeply extended af icar, ihcre almost % 'r'ertical cye height, cheeks forming broad ring belorv eye; third antennal segment slightly longer than irroad,?nely pubesccnt; aiista short, ine, bare but distinctlv broadening at base. nlrsoxoruu. Acr irregular, essentially in 2 rorvs but with isolated additional hairs. Wrsc. Lengrh in male 2.3-2.4 mm, second costal section twice lengtl-r of penultimare. Coron. A dark species; frons generallv brorvnish black, paler around ocellar. triangle, orbits black above but becoming yellowish brorvn belorv; lunule ycllorvish.brou'n; iorvls_brorvn, facc black; all anrennal scgme-nis black; mesonotum largely mat, blackish gray, with slight subshine, plcura similar; legs, including tibiae and tarsi, black but all knccs yellow; squamae grav, fringe black. i\'Iar.B Grxrrar-ra. Aedeagus complex but essentially svmmetrical, as in Figs. 422,423. Hosr-pr.lxr/Brorocv. Delphittittnt sp. (cultivated), larva forming whitish upper surface minc, initiallv narrow, later considerably widening or even forming an irregular blotch (Fig. a2a); the mine always adjoins the margin of the leaf,

Phytornyza demissa sp. n. (Figs. 425, 426) Aourr. Very closely rescnrbling P. del.pltinirora, rvith follou'ing points of differencc: upper half of frons paler,'morc distirrctly vellou'ish; acr possibly sparser, in 2 rou's, rvith an isolated additional hiir in some ror.vs (partially obscurcd, exact arrangenicnt not dctcctable); u'ing length in male 2.8 mm. A'Ier.n Goxrr.rI-r.r. Aedeagus as in Figs. 125, 426. Hororvpn d, British Columbia, Petc L., 57o56', l3lo56', ,t000 ft, 19 Aug. 1960 (W.\,V.X{.), in CNC, No. 10+39. Drecxosrs. This species shows onlv sliqht differences in external characters from P. delphiniaora and it rvill not be possible to distinquish satisfactorily isolated spccimer.rs. The male gcnitalia of the trvo spccies, hon'ever, are totallt- dif- ferent. The aedeagus of P. dentissa gencrally rcscmbles that of P. obscurellaFtil. (Spencer 1965d, fig. 14), a leaf-miner on AegopodirLrn (IJmbelliferae) in Europe. Altlrouqh the name obscurelh has been widelv used in American literarure, no confirried soecimens are in fact l

Phytomyza erigerontophaga sp. n. (Figs. 427, 128) HBao. Frons not projecting abor-c eye,2 equal ors, 1 ot more rarcly 2 incurved ori; jorvls deep, 2l height of eye; third aniennal scgment greaclv enlargcd, broadening distally. n{Esoxorurr, Acr sparse, irrcgular, betu.een 2 and 4 rows, ltot cxtendirrg beyond sccond dc. WrNc. Length from 2.3 mm in male to 2.7 in femalc; second costal section short but variable, at most twice length of fourth or substantially shorter, in ratio 26:23. Coron. Frons dark, brownish black, normally slightly paler above; orbits grayish; all antcnnal segments black; mesonotum mat, blackish gray but with some subsl-rine; pleura similar, upper margin of mcsoplcura only narrowly yellow; lcgs black but all hnees bright yellow; squamae grar', rnargin and fringe black. X,Ier.a Grxrrer-re. Aedeagus complex but symmetrical, as in Figs. 427, '128; spcrnr sac minute. Host-preNr,/Brol.ocv. Eriseron humilis, E. eriocephalus, E. compositus, larva forming linear mine, pupating in leaf; puparium yellorvish white. Tvpr:s. Holotypc d, Greenland, Ncdre N,Iidsommer Sij, rcarcd fron-r Erigeron,l4 July 1966 (J.E.FI.NI.), Canadian Peary Land Expedition; paran-pcs: 5 6 6, 3 9 ?, same data; Northrvest Terr., Baffin Is., Frobisher Bay, 2 ? ?, 6 July

1965, ex Erigeron (Rev. D. Dittrich); Ellesmere Is., Hazen Camp, 1d, 19 June 1962 (J.F.McA.). Alaska, Cape ThomPson, 1 6, 1 I , 24 luly 1961 (B'S'H')' and in author's collection. Holotype in Copenhagen, PalatyPes in CNC, No. 10440, I ha"e also ieen Jn.rir.t 6bipecimens in the CNC from Greenland collected by the Canadian Pearv Land Expedition. Dr.c.cxosrs. This black species is immediately distinguishable by the. greatly enlarged thifd antennai segment. 2 equal ors, and short second costal section. Il no doubt occurs tf,roughout ihe Arctic in association rvith its host-plant.

Phytomyza eadnescens Hendel (Fig. +2e) Phytotnyza eaanesceT'ts Hendel, 1920, p. 167; 1931-36, p' 397; Griffiths, 1964, P. '102. Holotvpe 6 from Dalmatia in Vienna' Atrrrr. i\,{edium-sized species. v-ing lenqth 2.5 mm, second costal section 2% times length of fourrlr: frons dark, brourrish bl"ack. irbits strongly diffcrentiated. raiscd above cyel 2 equal ors.2 ori: tlrird anrennal segmenr small, slightly quadrate, arista fine. barc irr.upper half] thickened belorvl mesonorum mar-grav. ac. it 4'roivs; lcgs blacl<, fore-knees slightly paler; squamae gra,y, fringe black. t\'Iarr Grsrrarre. Acdeagus as in Fig. 429; also illustrated by Griffiths (1964, figs. 5a-g); surstyli developed into a distinitive elongite appendage (as in P. mirandcL, cf . Fig. 462). Hosr-preNl,/Brorocy. Larva feeds and pupates within the stem of Ranun- culus spp. (leg. Buhr, cf. Griffiths 19684, p. 135). DrsrnrnurroN. Alberta; W. Europe. including lceland. Nerv to N. America. Rnr,renrs. With the projecting frons and differentiated orbits, this species is immediately distinguishabli from the species on Caprifoliaceae, P' periclytneni and P. caprifotiaei rvhich it otherwise superficially resembles. It can be differentiated from P. citteracea, u'hich also ieeds in stems of Ranuttculus, by the smaller third antennal segment, mole numelous acl and generally darker frons. Metpnrer, ExA,uIrr l;u. Alberta: George L., 3 6 6,21 June and 6 July 1966; Frank, 1 A ' 1 9, 26 June 1966; Okotoks, I 6, 2I 9, 11 June 1966; Blairmote, 19, 26 June 1966 (all K.A.S.). Phytomyza flauicor nis Fall6n (Fis. al0) Phytornyza flaaicorttis Fall6n, l82lb, p. 4; Hendel, l93l-36, p. 402; Frick, 1959' p. 428; Spencer, 1965d, p. 258. Lectotype 6, designated by Spencer, 1965d, in Lund. Arur-r. A distinctive species, r.vith a slanting eye, greatly pro]ecting orbits .and deep jorvls, rvl-rich are almost as broad as the ey-e height; 1 ors' 2 ori; third antennal segmerlt i'ellori'ish brou'n, frons, face, and ]ou'ls bi'ight 1'eilou'; pleur-a large-ly yellow' mesopleura slightly graf ish belorv; all coxae and femora bright yellorv; rving length 3 mm' i\Ieln GpNrr;rrre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 430. Hosr-r,r.qxr/Brorocv. (Jrtica spp., larva boring in pith and pupating in stcm. Dlsrntnuttox. Alberta, l'Ianitoba, Ontario; Europe; N. America. New to Canada. Rnr.renrs. This species is immediately recognisable by the unusual shape of the head, together with the yellow antennae, coxae, and femola. It is no doubt widespread with its food-plant throughout Canada.

~~-:-::=.'.. t/t~~

~~431~~

~~433~~

Frcs. 425426, Phytomyza demissa: 425, aedeagus, side view; 426, distiphallus, dorsal vierv. Frcs.427-428, P. erigerontophaga: 427, aedeagus, side r.ierv;428, same, dorsal vierv. Frc.429, P. evanescens: aedeagus. Frc. 430, P, flav-icornis: aedeagus, ventral 'r.ierv. Frcs. 411433, P.fuscula: 431, aedeagus, side vicrv; ,132, chitinized process behind distiphallus; 433, sperm sac.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 2+2 .lrE\{orRS oF THE trNTo},Iolocrc.{L soctETy oF cANADA Ilertinr.rr Exerrrxro. Alberta: St. Albert, 2I ?,14 Junc 1966, caught on Urtica grrciLis (K.A.S.). Manitoba: Warl

P hv t o mv z a u." u' I ;ir';r?it' """ Phytontyzn fusctill Zettcrstcdt, I 848, P. 2E 31; Hendcl, 7g37_36, p. 4t)7 . Holotype 9 in I-und. Pltvtontyzct du't Curra.n, 1937a, p. 10, syn. nov. Holotype ? from Quebcc in CNC. Arur-r. Xlcdium-sizcd species, u'ing lcngtl-r fror-rr 2.3 to 2.6 mm, second cosral section tu'ice length of penultirnatc; fions normally oringe-vcllou-, but rarcly darkcr, brou'nish black' orbits sinrilarlr- r-:rriable from ycllorv to pale grav; 2 equal ors, 1 inclined ori; cyc u'ith at nrost slight, scattcrecl pilositl.; lorvls rclatir.cll.-r'rairorv, '/o to Y, cye height; mesonotum ash- gray, acl- ir-r 2 u'elI-clefirred iori's; nesoplcura wholly gray; femora black, all l

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 2+l New Bruns*i"r., F;;:::J::,;;"':"^';'; ,;J;*, Northwest Terr.: Rampart House, 2 ? I , 5 and l7 June 1951 (J.E'H.N'{.). Ontario: Constance Bav, 1d, 19, em. 10 Julv from leaf-mine on grass, Ieg. 8 Julv 1967;I)unrobin, Zd 6,2? ?, em. 11-12 Julv from leaf-mines on Phletnm, leg. 8 July 1967 (all K.A.S.). Quebec: Thunder R., 2I ?, 11 June 1929 (\,V.J.B.), holotype and paratype of duro;Lanzoo, 16, 19, 6 June and 28 N'Iay 1939 (J.O.).

~~Phytomyza gelida sp. n. (Fig. a3+)~~

Fla.qn. Frons not significantlv pro]ecting abor-e eve (at most slightly in front) ; 2 equal ors and 2 ori, tl-re lou-er ri'cahcr; oibital setulai u'ell dcveloped, in single row-; chccl{s forming broad ring bclor.v eve, jolvls deep, at lcast % hcight of cve; third antennal segn-rent not cnlarged, ihough slightlr: longer tlian broad, roundcd at end, arista slender, normal. i\Ipsoxoruu, Acr in 2 rou.s. Wlxc. Lcngth 2.3 nm, second costal scction tu'ice length of fourth. Coron. Frons and.lorvls yellorv; face essentiallv yellorv, thougl-r deprcssions slightly gravish; hind-margin of cye blaci<, vti jusr on ycllolv ground at bordcr of black; upper orbits slightli- darkened;-third antennal segmenr black, first and second slightlv palcr, more vcllowish; nlesonotum mat-grav, plcura similar, though upper margin of mesoplcura narrorvlv vello"v; legs: fore-coxac distinCtly vellov., particulirlv on inside, fcmora black rvith all knces yellow; squamae pale grav, fringc vellorv. Xlern Goxrr,rua. Aedeagus as in Fig. 434. Tvpns. Holotype d, Alaska, Healv, 27 June 1921 (J.N{.A.); paratype a, ColdBav, 163o \V., on tundra,26 Julv 1952 (W.R.N'L), both in CNC, No. 10441. Drecxosrs. This species very closely resembles P. a//ittis but is distinguisl'rable by the smaller third antennal scgment. The genitalia of the two species ere entirelv distinct. If in darker specimens the fore-coxae are not noticeably vellow, P. geli-da rvould run to couplet i3 .r,here it can be differ:entiated from P. atripatpis by the longer second costal section.

Phytomyza gregaria Frick (Figs.435, 436) Phytornyza greguria Frick, 195.1, p. 371; 1959, p. 128. I{olotype 6 from California in USNI,I. Aourr. Small, black species, v.ing length up to 2.3 mm in male, 2.4 mm in female, second costal secrion about 211 timls lcngth oi fouith; Z cqual ors,2 ori, ttre lou'er r.cry s'eaI<; acr ir-r 4 rou,sl mcsorlotum brou'nish black. IIerB Grxrr,rrr.r. Aedeagus as in Fig. 435. Hosl-prexr/Brolocv. Lorilcera inv-olucrntr:t and L. dioica, larvae forming upper surface leaf-mine (Fig. a36; Frick 195'1: fig. 1), xs many as five or more nbimally found together, pioducing an irregular blotch r.vith manlr short lateral offshoots; frass is deposited in more or less connected lines of individual blacl< grains alternating alcing each sidc of the chauuel; pupation occuls in the mine, puparium pure lr;hite t.ith a conspicuous blacl< line along the ventral surface. Drsr:nrnulrox. Alberta; California. Rnrtrnr

In the larval stage the leaf-mines can be recognised b1. their .substantially larger size, with sever-al larvae invariablV feeding together. The rvhite puparium at the end of the mine channels is also distinctive. Melonrer- ExenntNBu. Alberta: Elk Is. Park, 16, 23 June, ex mines 7 June 1966 on Lonicera dioica; Edmonton, Univ. Campus, 1 6, 26 June, exLonicera sp. (K.A.S').

Phytomyza hebronensis sP. n. (Figs. 437' 438) Hreu. Frons exceptionally broad, about 3 timesryidth_ of-eye, not projecting above eye in pro6le,2 equal ors, 1'ori which is only slightly weaker.;.cheeks forming distinct ring.below ey.J, ;o*ti deep at rear, abour % verticel heilht bf eye; third antennel segment rounded, with distiti.t, thoug'h not unusually long, whirish fubescence, arista normal. MBsonorult. Acr strong, in 2 rows. WrNc. Length 3.2 mm, second costal section over twice length of second, in ratio 45:20. on dark cor_on. Frons, iowls, face brownish yellow; hind-margin of eye gray, rlti iust ground, at border wiih yellow; orbits faintly-mirgin grayish; all antennal segments black; mesonotum yellow and noto- irat-gray; pleura largelf similar bur upper of mesopleura -narrowly pleurll iriangle disriictiy paler, browniih gray;1egs black but all knees conspicuously yellow; squamae pale gray, fringe black. Mer-n GnNrrerr,+. Aedeagus as in Figs. +37, 438. Tvpes. Holotype 6, Labrador, Hebron, 5 Aug' 1954 (J.F.McA.); paratype 9, Cartwrighi,T6lune 1955 (E.F.C.), both in CNC, No' 10442. DIecNosrs. This species very closely resembles the cornmon European species, P. autumnalis Griffiths, 1959 (- affinisFall. sensu Hendel,793l-36, P.3,3+, and authors up to 1965). The head of P. hebronensls is somewhat broader than that of autumnalis and the upper orbits are distinctly darker. The male genitalia of the two species are geneiaily similar but there is a conspicuous difference in the semicircular chitinizid process of the distiphallus; in auturnnalis this is broken into two distinct sections joinecl to the inner .ot.t.rt of the arms of the basiphallus, with an area of paler chitiniz^tion below, while in hebronensis the two sections are fused to form a single slender semicircle with no chitinization below and the. open ends of the semicirile join the outer corners of the basiphallus. P. autunnzalis was discussed by Spencer (1965d,p.254, with figs. 10, l1). P. autumnalis is known as a leaf-miner on Cirsium, Centaured, and Onopordon and it seems virtually certain that hebronetcsl.r will have similar hosts'

Phytonyza humilis sp. n. (Figs. 439, 440) Anurt. Closely agreeing with P. infelix with following points_ of difference: third antennal segment siight-ty larger, rounder; femora generally paler, almost entirely yellow, mesonotum normally but not invariably darker, black to margin of scutellum. Mere GrNrreue. Aedeagus ending in paired, upturned tubules (Figs. a39, 440). Tvpns. Holotype 6, British Columbia, Terrace, airport area, 4 Aug. 1960 (C.H.M.); paratypes: Spring Cr., 16, 11 June 1960 (R.P.); Pete L., 4000 ft,

Frc. 434, Phytomyza gelida: aedezgus. Ftcs. 435-+36, P. gregaria: 435, aedeagus; 416, leef- mine on Lonicera int,olucrata. Frcs.437-438, P. hebronensis: 437, eedea,gus, side view; 438, same, dorsal view. Frcs. 439440,P. humilis: 439, aedeagus, side view;440, distiphallus, front view. Frc. 441,P, ilicicola: aedeagus, side view. Frc. 442, P. ilicis: distiphallus, ventral view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 246 rME\{oIRs oF THE ENToI'IoLoctcAL socIETY oF cANADA 57"56', 731o56',2 6 6, in meadow (W.W.M'); Moosehorn L', 58o10', 132"07', 1 6, 2 July 1960 (\V.W.N{.); Nanaimo, 1 6, 2 June 1955 (R.C'); Queen Charlotte Citt', Q.i.I., | 6,7+ Aug. 1957 (E.E.N'tacD.)' Holotype, No. 10443, and paratypes in CNC, two pararyPes in author's collection. f)recxosrs. The yellorv scutellum and short upper orbital immediately associate this species with the rattunculi-grotp. It can only be satisfactorillz distin$uished fiom ratrunculi and inf elix fy the male genitalia, which are entirely distinct. P. humitis is clearly the sister-species of cortusif olii Spencer_ (1965f), a leaf- miner on Ranttnculus described from Tenerife, Canary Islands. The aedeagus is of the same form in the tr,",o species (cf. Spencer 1965f , figs. 12, 13) but the disti- ohallus is substantially stronger in humilis, with a well-marked convex curvature 1.or..u. in cortusif olll) and-the trvo tubules are different in detail, the arms of the mesophallus ale more strongly chitinized, and finally the- paired structufes of the nypopnattus are shorrer trorder. The only. detectable difference externally ".ri ii fnat the palps are black in humilis and yellow in cortusif olii. With both humilis and cortusif olii each only known from a single locality, it is impossible at this stage to suggest lvhere speciation has occurred or the probable present distributilon of the trvo. It is certainly not impossible that cortusif olii occurs more widely in Europe and Asia and has been mistaken for ranrtnculi. Phytomyza ilicicola Loew (Fig. aa1) Phytomyza ilicicola Loew, 7872, p. 11.1, nom. nov. for ilicis Loew, 1863' p. 54 (not Curtis, 1846). Tvpes in MCZ. Aourr. small species, wing length 1.9-2.2 mm, second costal section normally 2% tim.es length of fourth; z equal ors, 1- oriifrons dark in front, paler brownish-gray above, orbits distlnctly gray; all antennal segments black; iowls and face gr_ayish.brown; mesonotum mat- gtry, r.i it-t 4 to*t; legs: fem-ora black, knees paler, tibiae and tarsi brownish' [{.trn Gnxlrerre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 441. Hosr-preNr/Brorocv. Ilex aerticillata and other species, lalva forming narlo\r'linear mine, pupating in leaf. Dts:rnreur.toN. Ontario; r'videspread in U'S.A. Rnrrenr

~~Phytomyza ilicis Curtis (Fig. aa2) PJrytomyzct ilicis cutis,1846, p. 4.t.1; Hendel, 1g3l-36, p. 417 Frick, 1959, p. 429. Tvoes lost.~~

Anurr. Rclativelv large spccies, rving lcngth 2.8 to or.er 3 mm, second costal section J% to 4 timcs length of forrrtli;2 strong ori; frdns dark bclow, more yellorvish abovc, orbits variably darkened; acr numcrous, in 5-8 rows. n,Iero Gnnrraue. Acdeagus as in Fig. 442, Hosr-preNr/Btorocv. Ilex aquifolium, larva feeding slorvly throughout winter, producing characteristic irregular blotch by early spring, pupation in mine, a slngle gencratlon. DtsrnrnurroN. British Columbia; U.S.A. (introduced); Europe. REl.enr

Phytomyza intelix sp. n. (Fig. aa6) F{B,qo. Frons broad, 2 % times rvidth of cye, not projecting abo't'c eyc in profle; 2 ors, tlre upper rccluccd to a slcnder setula, less than Y length of lorver, 1 stroug incuned ori; jou'ls broad, abort lz eye hcight; third antcnnal segncnt slightly longer than broad but not areotl-. pnl"rdp.l 6'"-"J -"--^6--' Nh,soNoruu. 3f 1 strong dc,4th equal to 3rd, acr sparsc, ar most in 2 rorvs ot reduced to a fcw scattered hairs. WrNc. Length 2.3_2.7 mm in male, second costal section just less than 3 times fourth. Coron. Frons, orbits, entire hind-margin of eye, io\4'1s, face, first and second antennal segrnents orange-ycllorv; third antennal segncnt, palps black; mesonotum niat-gray, ,vellow bcfore scutellum rvl'rich is er-rtirely ycllou'; sidcs of thorax predominantly yellow, uresoplcura

~~446~~

~~448 447~~

Frcs. 443-445, Phytonzyza illustris: 433, head; 4,1,1, aedeagus, side view; 445, distiphallus, \'entral view. Frc. 446, P. inf elix: aedeagus. FIcs. 447-4,18, P. irnolttcratae: 447, aedeagus, srdc vrerv; 4,18, distiphallus, front view. Frci. 4+9451, P,lactuca: 449, aedeagus; 450, third antennal segment of male: 451. same of female.

black on front and lower margins; legs: fcmora ycllou,- but r-arirblv suffused v'ith gray, tibiae and tarsi darkcr, brorvnisl-r b1a'ck; squamae yellorv, fringe scarcelv darker, at most ochrous. Xllro Goxtrar-Lr.. Ae deagus ending in long tubule' divided at end (Fig. 4a6) ' Tvpes. Holotype d, Alaska, King Salmon. Naknek R., 10 Aug. 1_9_52' sweqt from Lupinzri (W.i{.14.); paratvpes; 3 6 d, same data- Holotype, No. 104'15' and t$'o paratypes in CNC, one ParatyPe in author's coilection. Dr.Lci.-osrs. The t-ellorv scutellum and short upper ors immediately associate this species rvith the imall group including P. rqtttutcull and P. hutnilis. f'hese three cannot be satisfactorily diitinguished on external cl-raracters but the male genitalir are cntirely distinctive.

Phytomyza inoolucratae sP. n. (Figs. 447, 418) abor-e ct-e in profile; orb.its Hneo. Frons broad, ttr.ice u.idtl-r of eve, nor projecting-2 pronounced, slightly raised abor.e frons; 2 itrong equat ors, ori, the lor.ver substantially i.,eaker; orbital ictuiae in singlc row, or 2 hairs in Tront it-tcurr-ed; lunule large. broad, in form cve hcigh.r; of semicircle; cheeks forminf broad ring bclorv cve. .iou ls dccpest .lt rear. tltcre , third antennal segment largi slighttr- l6nger thair bioad, roundcd at end, arista srvollcn only at base, fineIv pubescent. Illrsosorurr. 3f1 strong dc, fourth scarcely shorter than tl-rird, acr irregular, in 4 or 5 rou-s. \4rrxc. Length 2.7-3.3 mm, second costal section 1ong, r-rormally slightly over J times length of fourth. Coron. Orbits and lou'er frons blackish, frons in uppcr half vellorvish brorvn; _]orvls brorvn, face blacl<; all antennal segments black; mcsonot.,---"t, pale bl-rckish-grar'; sides of thorax similar, meiopleura rvith nirrorv vcllorv upper margin; legs black, knees of fore--legs narror.r.ly yellou., on mid- and hind-le gs scarceiy dilTercntiatcd; squamae rvhitish ycllorv, fringe dark, brou'nish ochrous. trLto GnNrr.qrr,r. Aedeagus as in Figs. 417, ++8. Hosr-pl.txr/Brorocy. Nor positi'rclv establishcd but almost ccrtainlv Lotticera itu-ohtcratn,larva formiug lot-tg, iriegular, grecnish linear nrine, PuPating extcrnally. Typns. Holotl'pe 6 , Alberta, St. Albert, nr. Edmonton, caught on Lonicerq. itt,t,olucrdta, 14 June^1966; paratvpes: 43 6,2? 9, same data; Franl<, 1Q,26 June 1966; British Columbia, Princc George, 6 A 6, 1?, caught on same host' 17 June 1966 (aII K.A.S.). Holotl'pc and parat,vpes in author's coilection, PaIa- types in CNC, No. 10++6, and UA. Dr.qcxosrs. The long second costal section, pale gravish mesonotum and large sizc arc clistinctive characters of this specics. Aprrt from onc specimen all thi tyPe series were caught individually on leavcs'of Lorticera itnsoiucrna. The acdiagus xgrees closely in general form rvith tl'iat of P. grcgarirt and P. periclyrneni feeiing-on, Lonicein .n-d I thereforc feel thcrc is littic reasonable doubt that tl'iis is the ipecies producing tl-re cl-rarecteristic greenislr linear mines found on L. irtvohtcrdtd.

Phytomyza lactuca [rosi (Figs.419-451) Phytomyza lnctrtctt Frost, 192'1, p. 85; Frick' 1959, P. 410. Holorvpe from Pcnnsyh,.ania in L]SNI{. Anurr. Rather large specics, uing length up to 2.8 mm, second costal scction iust ovcr 2r,1 tir-ncs lcngth of fo.,rfi,2 strnng.q.,.l-thiid .,ri 1 incun-cd ori; frons not proiccting,.jorvls.decp, about [ .'eiti."l hcight of e1-e; antcnnal scgrrent black, greatly enlarged in fcma]e

(Fig. 450), normal in m"le (Fig. 449), 1n both sexcs covcred with lorrg white pubescence; mesonotum mat-gray, acr in 2 rorvs; legs black, but all knecs bright yellow. r\I.qrB Gevrlr,ra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 451. Hosr-praxr/Broroc;v. Lacntca ctmddensis, Taraxacztw sP., larva forming white linear mine on underside of leaf (Needham, Frost, and Tothill 1928' fig. 84), following midrib but with short lateral offshoots into the leaf-blade, PuPatlon rn IcaI. Drs.rntsurlrox. Alberta. Ontario: U.S.A. Ner'v to Canada. Rnivrrrnrs. The long antennal pubescence makes this a very distinctive species. I,ferEnrer ErA\rrrr l;o. Alberta: Watcrton L., 19, em. 21 Sept. from leaf-mine onTdrttxflculn sP., Ieg. 6 sepr. r966 (v.K.s.). Ontario: Ottarva, 2 6 6 ,2 ? 9,4 Sept. 1956, ex leaf-mines olrLdctrtcfl cdnddellsis (G.G.L.). Phytamy za lanati SPencer (Fig. a5z) Phytontyza lattnti Spencer, 1966h, p. 108. Holotype 6 from California in USNM. Arurr. Wing length 2.3-2.5 mm, sccond cosral section just, or'er 3Yz tirncs.Icngth,of substantialll' fourth. (.10: 1 1) ; fr-ons i'ellow, f ace gray., antcnnal segncnts blacl<; upper ors seaker rhan loscr'; l strong ori, poisitilv a'nveak bri.stle belorv; meson()tum blackish gray, largelv mat; sides of thorax"entircly dark, apart from linear yellow uppcr-margin oJ meso- plirra; fcnrora black, knees inconspicuouslv vellov'ish; squanae pale gray, fringe dark. r\Lrrr GExrr,cr-ra. Acdeagus as in Fig. ,152, also illustrated bv Spenccr (1966h, fi}s.7-7). Hosr-pr,A,sr/Btorocv. Heracleunt lanatum, details of lcaf-mine not known. DrsrRrnulox. Alberta; California. Rlrr.qnr

characters and which run to the same couplet, both in Frick's (1959) key and in the key prepared here. Tauber and Tauber (1966,1968) in papers discussing the life-hiitory of P. lanati, ate, of course, in fact referring to P',heracleiphaga. It is io be hoped that this problem can be fully clarified by the rearing of P.lanati, so that rhe leaf-mines bf the two species can be differentiated. Meronrel Exar,rrNno.

Alberta: Jasper, | 6,19 June 1966 (K.A.S.). California: Strawberry Canyon, Berkeley Hills, 1 6, 7 June 1964 (Tauber, Toschi), holotvpe. Phytomyza loewii Hendel (Fig. as3) Phytomyza Clematidis Loew, 1863, p. 55. Holotype I from District of Columbia in MCZ. Phytomyza loeu;ii Hendel, lg23b, p. 145, nom. nov. for Clematidis Loew, not Kaltenbach 1859; Frick, 1959, p. 430. Anur-r. Very small species, wing length from 1.75 to 1.9 mm, second costal section short, trvice length of penultimate; head eitireiv black. orbits broad, brilliantly olt: "ori, .shining.r 1 1 incurved *ith sometimes a weak hair in front; mesonotum brilliantly shining blackl third and fourth dc strong, acr in 4 rows, several hairs in intra-alar area; legs black, though fore- knees inconspicuously paler; squamae pale gray, fringe black. Marr GnNtrar"te. Aedeagus as in Fig. 453. Hosl-praNr/Brorocv. Clemutis aerticillaris,larva forming leaf-mine (details unknown). DrsrnrnulroN. Quebec; U.S.A.: District of Columbia' New to Canada' Rnrrenr

Phytomyza lupini Sehgal (Fig. a5a) Phytomyza lupini Sehgal, 1968, p. 73. Holotvpe d from Alberta in CNC. Arur-r. Rather large species, wing length from 2.7 to 3 mm, second costal section twice length of fourth; 2 ors arid 2'ori, frons fteatiy projecting above eve, jowls decp, % eye height; third antcnnal segment stightly elongate, black; broad epistoma present; mesonotum ash-gray, acr irregular, either distinctly in 2-rows or slightly more numerous in 3 or 4 rows;_legs: coxae generally dark, though fore-coxae may be distinctly yellorvish; femora black, all knees yeilow. MerB GnNrrarre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 454.

~~452 453~~

~~459~~

Frc. 452, Phytotnyza lcrnati: aedeagus. Frc. 453, P. loe.,uii: aedcagus. Frc. 454, P. Iztpini: acdcagus. Frcs. 455-456, P. nnjor: 455, acdeagus, side view; 45e, distiphallus. r'cntrrl ticu'. Frc. .157, P. tttcttricaride: aedcagus. Frcs. 458-,159, P. rnerttla: 458, aedeagus, side vierv; 459, distiphallus. vcntral'r.ierv.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 253 Hosr-prexr :;;;,:,;;,;"J#;'n pith of srem Drslnrnulrox.'u,":::"* Alberta, British Columbia. Rlr,renrs. This species has the broadly projecting frons, deep jowls, and broad epistoma of the a'ffindlis-groupi distinctive characters are the ash-gray mesonotum and pale second antennal segment. N{ernnIer, Exer.rrx l;o. Alberta: Blairmore, 16, em. 11 N{ar. 1967 er stem of Lttpinus,leg. 6 Sept' 1966 (V.K.S.), paratype. British Columbia: Albion. 2 6 6 . em. 21 and 26 A,'Iar. 1953 ex "crown" of Lttpittus sp., leg. 7 Aug. 1952 (Y. Avre).

P hy tom.y za lupinia or a S ehgal Phytowyzu lupittirtora Sehgal, 1968, p.74. Holotype 9 in CNC. Aour-r" Small, dark species, rving length 2 mm, sccond costal section unusually short, in ratio 25:20 u'ith fourth; orbits broad, gral', frons brolvnish ochrousl 2 ors, the upper slightly longer, 2 incurved ori; third antennal segnent small, round; mesonotum mat-gray, almosr silvery, acr sparse, only a single pair present; Iegs entirely black, squamal fringe black. Hosr-prlxr/Brorocv. Ltrpittus sericeus) larva forming linear leaf-mine, pupating externally; puparium yellor.v, posterior spiracles small, each rvith a circle of about 8 ryinute bulbs. DrsrnrnurroN. Alberta; iU.S.A.: California. Relr-qms. Among the black species vn'ith the upPel ols at leasr equal to the lower, P.lupittivora is immediately distinguishable by the abnormally short second costal section. Coquillett (1898, p. 79) records, as P. obscurellaFalI., a leaf-miner in Lttpituts albicaulis at Los Angeles rvhich in all probability represents this species. i\,{,Lrpnrer Exe,\rrNt;o. Alberta: Blairmore, 19, em. Feb. 1967 (after forcing) from leaf-mine, leg. 6 Sept. 1966 (V.K.S.), holorype.

Phytomyza rnaj or Malloch (Figs. 4ss, 456) Phytotnyza rnajor Malloch,7913b, p. 150. Holotype g in USNN'{. Aourr. Large species, rving length in male 3.2 mm, in female 3.75 mm (Frick 1959, almosr entirely yellorv, including all antennal segments, lcgs, p. 430); coloration conspicuous - and scurcllunr; mcsonotum rvith faint tracc of gravisl-r bands; frons conspicuously projecting above eve in profile, jorvls deep, slightly morc than tj vertical height of eye. Ilern GBxtr.{rre. Aedeagus as in Iiigs. 455, +56. Hosr-prexr. Unl

Mernnrar EXAMTNED. Alaska: King Salmon, Naknek R., 1 6, 16 Aug. 1952 (J.B.H.). Alberta: Eisenhower Junct., B.N. Park, 1 9, 15 luly 1962 (K.C.H.). British Columbia: Floneymoon Bay, Cowichan L., 19, 6 June 1955 (G.E.S.). I{anitoba: Churchill, 6 a 6, 18 July 1949 (L.A.M., J.G.C.); Gillam, 1 9, 7 July tes0 (J.F.McA.). Northwest Terr.: Fort Smith, 1 6 ,26 June 1950 (J.B.Wallis).

P hytom,y z a matric ariae Hendel (Fig. a57) Phytomyza mfltricdride Hendel, 1920, p. 16l; 193l-36, p. 427. Holorype a in Vienna. Phytomyza taTxdceti Hendel, 1923a, p. 391; 1931-36, p. 486, syn. nov. Syntypes in Vienna. humerus, notopleural triangle, upper half of meso- Anur_r. Frons, hind-margin of eye,'segment pleura bright yellow; third a"ntennal black but first and second paler, yellowish; normally single ors but small upper one sornetimes present; mesonotum mat-gray, acr sParseJ irregulai, in -l or 4 rows; femoia black, knees broadiy yellow; squamal fringe ochrous; small speclies, wing length from 1.75 to 2.3 mm, sccond cos'tal section short, 2% times fourth. Xllern GoNrrelre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 457. Flos:r-preNr/BIorocv. Achillea, Mutricaria, Tanaceturn, larva forming Iinear mine, even in most finely-divided leaves; puPation erternally, PuPariurn black. Drs'rnrsur:toN. Alberta: widespread ln Europe. New to North America. Rnuenrs. This is the palest and smallest of the species with the sides of the thorax Jaterally yellow; it ls distinctive in having the hind-margin of the eye Vellow.' The genitalia of European specimens reared from Matricaria and Tanaceturn and of thi male from Alberta reared from Achilled are identical' Phytornyzu tanaceti Hendel is therefore synonymised with P. wltricdride Hendel. Sehgal has found this species to be common in the Edmonton alea and has successfully used it for his interesting transplantation exPeriments. Nowakowski (1962, p. 160) illustrated the genitalia of a species from TanlcetuTn oalgare from Poland which he identified as P. tanuceti. Howevel, this clearly represents a different species. MerBnrar, Ex,q.ltrNno. Alberta: Edmonton, river bed, 7 6, 12-13 Aug. 1966, ex mines on Achillea sibirica,leg. 26 July 1966 (V.K.S.); University, 7 6 , 2+ May 1967 (V.K.S').

Phytomyza merula sp. n. (Figs.458,459) F{nan. Frons not significantly proiecting above eye; orbits broad, with 2 equal ors on one side, and the upper ors distinctly weaker on the other; 2 ori, the lower weaker; orbital setulae short, sparse; jowls broad, almost % height of eye, cheeks forming broad ring below eye; third antennal segment small, slightly longer than broad, arista fine but distinctly swollen at base, N{esoNoruu. Acr in 4 rows. Wrxc. Length 2.4 mm, second costal section twice length of fourth.

Coron. Frons black, orbits black abol'e but somewhat paler bclow; mesonotum mat-black (not gray), pleura similar, wirh upper margin of mesopleura narrowly yellow; legs black, fore-knees distincdy yellowish; squamae pale, yellori'ish gray, fringe dark. Mer-n Goxrrar-rA. Aedeagus as in Figs. 458, 459; spcrm sac minute. Tvprs. Holotype 3, Alberta. Jasper, i6 June 1966; paratype: 1 g, same data (both K.A.S.), in author's collection. DrecNosrs. This is a conspicuously dark spccies r,vitl-r dcep jor,vls and broad cheeks. With the ors equal on one side and the upper \\'eaker on the othcr, it is impossible to be certain which is the normal arrangement but the formcr seems more probable. Phytomyza milii l(altenbach (Fig. a60) Phytoruyztt ruiliiKakenbach, 1864, p. 248; IJendel, 1920, p. 165;1931-36, p.431 Griffiths, 1964, p. 405. Tvpes from Germany lost.

Ant'Lt. Dark species, wing length 2.2-2.7 mm, second costal section normally over 3 times lcngth of fourth; orbits gray, frons dark brorvn; 2 equal ors (or uppcr vcry slightly shorter),2 ori; third antennal segrnenr small, round; mesonotum dark blackish-gray, acr in 4 rorvs; lcgs black; squamal fringe black. trlerp Goxrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Fig.460; also illustrated by Griffiths (196,i, figs. 12, IJ). Hosr-praxt/Brorocv. Numerous genera of Gramineae, including Milirtrn, Hordeuw,Poa tn Europe, hosts in Canada not established; lzrrva forms linear mine, Pupating in leaf, with both anterior and posterior spiracles projecting through epidcrmis. Drsrnrnurrox. Alberta; rvidespread in Europe; Kamchatl

~~Alberta: Jasper, N,{t. Edith Cavell, 1d, 1 Sept. 1966 (V.K.S.).~~

Phytomyza rniramda sp. m. (Figs. 46r, +62) Fleeo. Orbits slightty prolecting above eye towards base of antennaei frons twice rvidth of eye;2 equal ors,1 srrong ori similar to ors, lower ori short, rvcak, slender; orbital setulae slrort, sparse, not extending below upper ori; iorvls relativcly broad, Yt eye height, checl

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 256 MEIToIRS oF THE ENTor\IoLocIcAI- socIETY oF cANADA Hororvpn 6, Alberta, Blairmore, 26 June 1966 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. Dr.lcsosrs. This is a distinctive species, immediatelv recognisable by the dark scutellum, yellow femota, and black third antennal segment. The only known North American species r,vith this combination of characters is P. nervosa Loe\r,, 1869; this horvever is substantially more robust, rl'ith rving length of 2.7 mm, the second costal section is someu'hat shorter in relation to the fourth, in ratio 2:7.2, the frons is substantially more projecting, and acr are entircly Iackins. T-he elongate surstvli are a distinctive feature of P. tniranda. The onlv other knorvn speciei r.vith this character is P. e'uattescetts Hendel (cf. Griffirhs 196*, fig. 5) but tl're two species do not appear to be closely related.

~~~~Phytomyza rnisella sp. n. (Fig. a63) llaen. Frons not significanrlv pro]ecting abor-e er-e; orbits not greatly d-ifferentiated, rvith 2 equal ors, upper orisimilar builoover s,.ial~~~~

Phytornyza rnodica sp. n. (Figs. 46a, 465) FIneo. Frons not projecting above eye in profile; 1 reclinatc ors,_ 3 iucurved ori, the jos'ls re^r, lower slightly weaker; orbiial sctulae sparse, itr single row; somel'hat extended ^t there jusr"o..Lr /u r,-ertical hcight of eye, cheeks foriing distinct ring below cye; third antennal ,.g-.irt slightly longer than iroad, ioun,led at end, a'rista 6ne bui distinctlv srvollen at base. N,IesoNorurr. Acr irregularly in 4 rou's. Wrxc. Length in malc 2.7, in fen-rale 3.2 mm; second costal section iust ovcr 3 times length of fourtl-r, in ratio 45:14. Coron. F'rons sooty-black, slightlv brorvnish abor-e, orbits r.veakly shining; all antennal segments black; mesonoium moderitell' shining black, only faintly dusted rvith gray;-pleura blick; legs: fcmora black, all knccs vellolr.ish, tibiae brorvnish, tarsi even paler, yellorvish; veins pale, yelior,"'ish btorvt't; squamae and fringe yellow. AIerB GpNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs" 46+,465. Ontario, Forestrv Station Petau'awa, 28 N{ay 1959 Tvpns. Holotype'? 6, (J.R.V.); paratype , Mtt.rrotr, 16 i\'{av 195i (J.C.XI.), both in CNC, No. tO++g.

~~~~r "(- '4, \::> ,,, \j :: .: .// +.--- \_, ri I 460 ,/~~~~

~~~~,(, -.:i, ) 462~~~~

~~~~Ft7.~~~~

~~~~,i;@ V~~~~

Ftc. 460, Pltytotnyza milii: aedeagus. Frcs. 467462, P. ntiranda: 451, aedeagus; 462, sur- stvlus. Frc. 463, P, rnisella: aedeagus. Frcs. 46,t-465, P. modi.ca: 464, aedeagus, side view-; 465, distiphallus, ventral view. Frcs. 46H67, P. nagaakensis: 466, aedeagus, side view; 467, distipliallus, ventral view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 258 r\{EMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLoGI( Drecxosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the relatively Iarge size, the single ors, the long second costal section, the shining black mesonotum' and pale velns. It is smaller and the second costal section shorter than in sp. (Shilo). It closely resembles P. clematidophoeta but the second costal section is Ionger and the genitalia of the trvo species are clearly distinct.

Phytomyza nagaakensis sP. n. (Figs. +66, a67) HBen. Frons broad, slightly over tr.vice width of eye, not proiecting above eve.in profile; 2 equal ors, 2 strong"orii orbital setulae well developed; cheeks- forming. b,road ring t.lorr,-"ye, jo.vls deeply exiended at rear, at deepest part lz height of eye; third antennal segmcnt rather large, rounded, arista normal. ,\'6sosmurr. dc strong, fourth ]ust beyond level of supra-alar, third at suture; acr in 2 rou's, rvith at most 1 or 2 additional hairs in fror-rt' Wrxc. Lcngth 3.2 mm, second costal section )ust over twice length of fourth, in ratio 50:22. coron. Frons and jorvls orange-vellow, hind-margin of eye black, v1i jysl on yellow at borcler of black; face predominantll:vellou'but faintly grayish; second and third antennal seg- only upper mcnts black, first ycilowish; palps black; mcsonotum mat-gray, pleura _similar, margin of mesopleuia narrol,r'ly'v.llotu; legs, including coxae, black but a1l knees bright yellow; squamae grav, fringe black. trLur Gr.streue. Aedeagus as in Figs. 466, +67. Horotvpn d, Labrador, Tessiujak Bay, Nagvak Fjord, 15 Atg. 1958 (J.F.i\'{cA.), in CNC, No. 10449. Drecxosrs. The distinctive characters of P. nagaakensis are the 2 equal ors, 2 ori, deep jorvls, black coxae, and relativelV large size. The male genitalia are distinctive.

Phytom.yztt nepetae Hendel (Fig. a68) Phytontyza Ttepetae Hendel, 1922, p' 70; 1931-36, p. 441 (as obscura); Norva- kor.vski, 1959, p. 202. Syntvpes from Germany in Berlin. Aourr. Small black specics, rving length from 1.6 mm in male to 2 mm in female, second fourth; upper ors substantially_ u'eaker than lower costal section 2t/z to 3 times length-ori; of (rarely missing on one side), 2 frons and oibits uniformly biac\ orbits moderately -antennal shining; third segment distinctly enlarged, black; mesonotum black, with subshine, rlr"ort, sparse, in 4 ror.vi; femora black, fore-linees slightly yellow, tibiae and tarsi blackish brou'n;".. squamae vellorvish gray, margin and fringe dark. NIarB GBxrreua. Aedeagus as in Fig. 468. Hosr-prerr/Brorocv. I'lepeta catdria) larva forming uPPer surface leaf-mine, initiallv linear, later developing into a secondary blotch; PuPalium yellowish brorvn, either at end of mine or externally. DtsrnrsurroN. Ontario, Quebec; Europe' New to North America. Rnu,q.nr

Phytomyza notopleuralis sp. n. (119. +7O) Hean. Frons nor projecting above eye; 2 .. - equal ors, 2 ori, orbital setulae sparse, proclinate; jowls narrow, not'more-than % eye height, cheeks linear; rhird antenn'al segrirent small, round. MnsoNoruu. Acr irregularly in 4 rows. WrNc. Length 2 mm, second costal section iust less than 3 times length of fourrh. Coron. Frons black, orbits similar but inner margin distinctly yellow; third antennal segment.black, secortd yeilowish; m_esonotum mat, blackis[ gray; humerus, notopleural area and upper hind-corner of mesopleura bright yellowt legs: ferioia black, all knees yellow, tibiae and tarsi conspicuorsly pale, yellowis[ brown; rqo"irae yellow, fringe black. N{ere GeNrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 470. . HoronrpE d, Onta.rio, Ottawa, Vincent A{assey Park, 3 June 1966 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. Drecxosrs. Among-species with a black frons, this species is immediately distinguishable by the yellow sides of the thorax.

Phytomyza oblita sp, n. (Figs. a7\ a72) Flteo. -.- _Frons conspicuously -andproiecting above eye, increasingly so anteriorly; orbits well differentiated, with 1 sirong -ois 2- e{ual ori, ihe lower Jniirely incurved, the upper slighdy upcurved; orbital setulae sparse, in single row; eye conspicuouily slanting,' jowls

~~~~t't.'.::..2~~~~

~~~~472~~~~

~~~~,-T+,#*v-\\/ /~~~~

~~~~-\\ / 1\'-.4/' \ \.\,F-4,{ 47s \j.4t^ \, 473~~~~

Frc. 468, Phytomyzd nepetdei aedeagus. FIc. 469, P. nigra: aedeagus. Frc. 470, P. notopleuralis: aedeagus. Frcs.47l-472,P. oblita: 471, aedeagus, side vierv;472, distiphallus, ventral vierv. Frcs. 473474, P. ostnorhizae: 473, aedeagts; 474, leaf-mine on Ovnorhiza longistylis. Frc. 475, P. pallipes: head.

at rear % height of eye, cheeks forming broad ring belorv eye; third antennal segment distinctly elongate. NIpsoNoruu, Acr sparse, in 2 rorvs. Wrxc. Length in male 2 mm, second costal section short, 171 timcs length of per-rultimate. Coron. Frons, jowls, face entirely yellow; hind-margin of eye black, vti iust on yellow, at border of black; second and third antennal segments black; mcsonotum mat-gray, pleura similar, mesopleura rvith only narrow yellorv upper margin; legs: fore-coxae yellow, femora black rvith aII knees bright yellow, tibiae and tarsi black; squamae yellow, fringe slightly darker, ochrous, Marn Goxrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 471, 472, Hororype d , Ne-,vfoundland, Port aux Basques, June i949 (H.K.), in Vienna. Dr,o'.cxosrs. The upper of the 3 orbital bristles is distinctly stronger than the other 2 and it is considered here that rhe species has 1 ors and 2 ori. However, it is possible that the normal arrangemenr is 2 ors and 1 ori. In the first case the species runs to couplet 23 where it is immediately distinguishable from the two fieders on Aster, P. asterophagd, and P. citiolati bv thE shorter second cosral section. In the second case P. oblitawottld run to couplct 47; it closely resembles P. plantaginis but is distinguishable by the entirely black second antennal segment. The aedeagus shows some affinity with that of plantagittis.

Phytomyza osrnorhizae sp. n. (Figs. +73,47+) HBer. Frons not projecting above eye, 2 ors, the upper substantially shorter, 2 ori, the lower shorter or even reduced to a minute hair; orbital setulae sparse; jor'"'ls narrow, at most % eye height, cheeks linear; segment _ third anrennal small, round, rvith a snrall patch of pubescence at upper corner; arista distinctly pubescenr. nlBsoNoruu. Acr irregular, sparse but up to 4 rorvs in front. - W1xc. Length from 2.3 mnr in male to 2.7 mrn in female, second costal scction long, from 3% to 4rz rimcs lengrh of fourth. Cor.on. Frons dark brown, anrennae entirely black; mesonotum mat, grayish black; pleura black_but upper margin of mesopleura narrorily bright ycllorv; femora bla-ck, fore-knecs 1'cllowish, tibiae and rarsi only slighrly prlcr. brou'nish; s{uarirae 1'ellou', fringc broun. N4ar-o Grxrrerra. Acdeagus as in Fig. 473. Hosr-prexr/Brorocv. Osmorhiza longistylis, larva forming upper surface linear mine (Fig. 474), with frass i.r ,mrll tlack grains, pop"rtirlg' externally through lower s[rface exit slit; puparium black. Tvprs. Holotype 6, U.S.A., Virginia, Rosslyn, em. ex Osrnorhiza lottgi- siylrs in lab. Dec. iriZZ to Jan. 1923 fr6m larva, leg. t7 Nov. 1922 (I,{.T. Van Horn); paaatypes: 5 6 6,3 9 9, same data; 1 g, Oniario, Pelee, em. 2g tr,{ar. 196g ex Osmorhizfl, Ieg. l5 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Holotr-pe in US\II; pararvpe. No. 104i0, in CNC, furthei paratvpes in USN\{ and author's collection. DtecNosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the darl< frons, short fPper_ors, sParse acr, and long second costal section. Ir is readily distinguisl-rable from P. araliaord on these chiracters. Leaf-mines on the host of this species \\iere found at Pelee, Ont., on 16 July 1967; all.wele jus5 emp.ty bur a number of puparia'"vere obrained adhering to the lo\\-er slde of rhe leaves,

Phytomyza pallipes sp. n. (Fig. a7s) Hn+o (Fig. 475). Frons distinctlv projecting above eve in proEle tor.varcls base of antennae; l reclinate ors,3 incun'ed ori, the iou'er r.vcaker; orbital setulae sparse; jorl'ls dccpiy

~~~~.-'9'''.!\ r _-= ----=r--tl~~~~

~~~~=,::: L 477~~~~

~~~~Mtt"~~~~

extended at rear, slightly more than Y. eye height cheeks forming distinct ring below eye; third antennal segment large, elongate, arista distinctly pubescent. Mosoxoruu. Acr sparse, irregularly in 4 rorvs between third and fourth dc, only isolated hairs beyond. Wrxc. Length 3.2 mm, second costal section long,5 times length of fourth. Coron. Frons entirely sooty-black, orbits v'eakly shining; all antennal segments black; mesonotum blackish gray but rvith distinct subshine; pleura black but mesopleura conspicuously yellow on upper margin; legs: femora black, all knees conspicuously yellow, tibiae and tarsi bright yellow; r.ving base, squamae, and fringe yellow, abdomen shining black. Horolvpp 9, Nlanitoba, 5 mi SlV. of Shilo, floodplain community near Tamarack bog, 11 July 1958 (R.H.), in CNC, No. 10.151. Drecxosrs. The large size, exceptionally long second costal section, single ors, and yellow tibiae and tarsi make this a distinctive species, rvhich can be justifiably described, even in the absence of males.

Phytomyza paraicella (Coquillett) comb. nov. (Fig. a76) Agrornyza parvicella Coquillett, 1902, p. 189. Holotype g in USNN{. Napomyza parvicello, N{elander, 1913, p. 273;Fricl<,7952, p.421;1959, p. 420 Griffiths, 1966, p. 13. Anur,r. Slender species, wing iength 2.7-3.0 mm, second costal section long,3 times length of fourth; frons reddish yellorv, upper orbits black; frons distinctly projccting above eye anteriorly; third antennal segment large, conspicuously elongated; palps distinctly broadening distally. l{ern Goxrrelr.L. Aedeagus distinctive, as in Fig. 476. Hosr-prexr/Brorocv. Pupaver radicatum,larva forming leaf-mine primarily along midrib, later feeding our into leaf-blade; pupation externally. DrsrnrnurroN. Alaska, Northwest Terr.; Greenland. Rnr'renrs. The male genitalia immediatelv indicate that this species is not a true Ndpomyza, despite the presence of the second cross-vein and it is transferred to Phytomyza herewith. It is clearly an isolatcd species. It had previously been recorded in association with Papaver but Shervell first definitely established the host-plant, rearing a long series from the lcaf-mines found at Clyde in July, 1958. MerBnrar, ExeursBo. Northwest Terr.: Baffin Is., Clyde, 72 exx.. Julv 1958 (G.E.S.). Yulron Terr.: Firth R., I e ,lg July 1956 (E.F.C.),

Phytomyza pedicularicaulis sp. n. (.Figs. 477, 478) Hr.rn. Frons ts'ice u.idth of eye, conspicuously projecting above eve in front; 2 equal ors,2 ori, the lower normally slightly rveaker; orbital setulae short, sparse; cye narrow vierved

Ftc. 476, Phytomyza particelld: aedeagus. Ftcs. 477_478, P. pedicularicaulis: 477, third antennal segment; 478, aedeagus. Frcs. .179-481, P. pedicularidis: 479, head; 480, aedeagus, side r-ierv; 481, distiphallus, ventral viev-. FIcs. 482-'+85, P. penstentotzis: 482, head; 483, aedeagus, side vierv;48.1, same, r'entral vierv;.185, leaf-mine on Penstemon confertus.

~~~~from abor-e, slanting, chceks forming broad ring belo-,v eve, ]orvls d:tp'.1, e1-e height; third (Fig' antcnnal segment~~~~

Phytomyza ped'iculariilis sP. n. (Figs. 479-481) Hreo (Fig. 479). Frons broad, almost trvice rvidth of e1'e,_orbits.distinctlv prolecting in fr"onr; 2 equal ors, strong ori rvith an additional nrinute hair bclorv; abor.e e'e ,1 .sometimes 1z orbital setuiae long, in'rvell-dcfined row; iorvls broad, ahnost hcight of et-e at deepest point, checlrs formi-rg broad ring belorv eye; third antcnnal segment flat above, cnlarged below, arista ncrrmal. u itll sliqht tltickcning belorv' N,IrsoNorur,r. Acr normally sparse, in 2 rows, mote rarelv more numerous, irregularly in 4 rou's. WrNc. Lengrh 2.2 2.4 mm, seconcl costal section short, little ovct 7h timcs fourth. Cor-on. Frons unifon-nly pale yellorv, orbits er.en palcr below but frequentlv somes4rat blaclish aboge; hind-margin of e1-e black, r-ri et border of vellorv and blacl<; ]orvls and face 1.cllog,, palps black; thirJ antennal segment black, first and second sometimes slightly paler, i.ellorvisir biov,'n; mesonorum ash-gray, pleura blackish gral', mesopleura s'ithout yellorv upper margin; lcgs largelv black, fore-coxae slightly y_ellorvish, all knees yellorvish but morc dis- tincilv so on forc-legs; squamae ycllor.vish grav, frir-rgc dark, brov'n to black. i\'Ierp GnNtr'ure. Aedeagus as in Figs. 480, 481. Typas. Holotvpe 6, Quebcc, Chimo, em. Dec. 1959 from puparia in seeds of PediuLlaris groetilandicn, leg. 17-18 Aug. 1959; paratvpes: 3 6 6, '1 I 9, same data (all W.R.f{.\'{.); Labrador, Nutal<, 2 6 6,29 9,24 July 195'1, on florvers of ?Pediurldrls sp. (J.F.N{cA.). Holotype, No. 10453, and ParatYPes in CNC, t\\'o ParatvPes in author's collection. Drecxosrs. P. pedicttlaridis is a distinctive species u'ith a yellow, Projecting frons, 2 equal ors, acl in 4 rows, yellow fore-coxac, and a dark squamal fringe. This latteicharacte-r distinguishes it from other associated species.

~~~~Phytomyza pensternonis sp. n. (Figs. 482-485)~~~~

Hoen. Orbits at most very slightly proiecting above eye in front, with 2 equal ors, 1 similar incurved ori; orbital setulae sparse, reduced to 1 or 2 hairs; cheeks forming conspicuous ring below eye, jowls relatii'eiy broad, b vertical eye height; third antennal sJgment quadrate, large (Fig. 482). MBsoNorurt. Acr normally lacking, rarely one pair in front or 1 to 4 isolated hairs. WrNc. Length normally 1.9 mm but ranging from 1.6 to 2 mm, second costal section unusually short, normally 1Yz times and always less than trvice length of fourth. -. Co!o1. Frons yellow above, slightly darkened, grayish in lower half; orbits and lunule yellow;-hind-margin of eye black, both vt on black-ground; third antennal -yellow segmenr black, first and second slightly paler, yellowish; face largely but sometimes sligitly grayish, palps black, mesonotum ash-gray; pleura blackish gi"y, aparr from narrow yellow"upper"margin of mesopleura;. legs: largely dark, but fore--coxae ,coxae sometimes slightly' yellowisir on inier side; femora blirck, all knees biight yellow; squamae and fringe yellJw. Mern Gnxrrer.rA. Aedeagus as in Figs. +gi , 4g+. Hosr-praxr/Brorocv. Penstetmon conf ertns,larva forming short white mine (n1g +.8f), by preference in the small upper leaves, pupating in mine; puparium yellowish, posterior spiracles each with an ellipse of 8 bulbsl Tvprs. Holotype 6, Alberta, Blairmore, 4000 ft, em. 29 June 1966 from leaf-mine onPenstemon confertus,leg.26 June 1966; pararypes: 36 6,59 9, em. 30 Junl*{ J"tt 1966, otheru'ise same data (K.A.S.). Holotype and paratypes in author's collecrion, one paratype in CNC, No. 10454, and-UA. Drecxosls. The virtual lack of acr and the enlarged third antennal segment make this a distinctive species. It is readily distinguiihable from P. syngi"nesiae which also lacks acr, by the larger third antennal seement. shorter secona costal section, and pale squamal fringJ. It even more cloiely resembles p. plattaginis but is normally distinguishable by the darker fore-coxae.

Phytomyza periclymeni de Meijere (Fig, a86) Phytomyza periclymeni de Ntleijere, 1924, p. 145; Hendel, lgil-36, p. 452; Frick, 1954, p. 373; 1959, p. 433. Syntypes in Amsrerdam. Arur,r. Small blacl< species, rving length around 2 mm, second costal section short, twice fourth; 2 equal ors; acr irregularly in 4 rows; mesonotum conspicuously mat, gray-black. Mere GBNrrel.re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 486, Hosr-praNr/Brorocv. Lonicera spp., syrnphoricarpos spp., larva forming stellate blotch-mine, feeding individuallv, and pupating at cenrre of mine. Puparium pale to dark brown, posterior spiracles on conspicuous stalks, each with an ellipse of about 20 bulbs. DrsrnrsurroN. Alberta, British Columbia; U.S.A.: ?California, ?Washing- ton; common in Europe. Ror'renxs. This species closely resembles P. caprif oliae and P. gregdrin) also feeding on Lonicera and syrnphoricarpos, but is distinguishable by the paler, grayish, mesonotum. The leaf-mines are relatively large, with, only a single larva, which Pupates centrally. The more numerous posterior spiracular bulbs than in P. caprif oliae permit ready separation of the two species in the larval and pupal stage.

I'I-q.rnnrer, Ex.qut^-. r,r. Alberta: Edmonton, | 6 , 26 July 1966, ex Lonicer(t irrolucruta (V.K.S.) ' British Columbia: Prince George, 11 6 6, 19, 17 June 1966, caught on Lonicers ittvolucratu (K.A.S.).

Phy tomy za p e r sic ae F rick (Fig. a87) Phytontyza persicae Frick, 1954, p. 367; 1959, P. 433. Holotype 6 from Ohio in USNII. Aourr. Small species, rving length (in male from Ontario) 1.9 mm, second costal section short,6r,icc lelgth o'f fourtl-r; irons"black in fronr, paler, brorin above;.2.equal ors',1 ori; round; dc unusuallv short. particularly third and fourth, acr third antennal #g-ent-rn.ro.rotu- small, short, in 4 rows; mat, grayish black, pleura black; lcgs:, femora black, forc-knees slightly yellorvish, tibia and tarsi pilei, brorvnish ycllow; squamal fringe dark. AI.uo GpNrrelte. Aedeagus as in Fig. 487. Hosr-prlxr/Brorocv. Prumus persica, larva forming r,vhitish linear mine, pupating in leaf (Frost 1924, p.81, as P. obscurella var. nigritella Zett.). DtsrnIsutroN. Ontario; U.S.A. RDrr.cnns. With 2 ccual ors. the short second costal section and the frons paler above, this species ven'closelv resembles P. ilicicola. In the latter the frons is generally more grayish but the t'nvo species cannot be readily sePalated on external characters. (1924, discusses P. persicae, a.s obscLffella nigritella Zett., Frosr p. 81) -v,at. honevsuckle. It quite and records rearing it from peach, cherry, and -seems possible that the species may also feed on cherlY but the sPecimens from honey- suckle are certainly different and could be P . c aprif oliae . i\"{,q.rnnr er, Ex-c.lltxoo. Ontario: Vineland Station, 6 3 6,5 ? ?, 21 June 195 1 ex peach (W.L.Putman), ParatvPes. Phytomyza petasiti sp. n. (Figs.488-490) Hr.co. Trvo ors, 2 strong, similar ori, ior.i'ls deep. llcsoxoruu. 3f 1 strong dc, acr in 4 rorvs' Wrxc. Length 2.6 mm, second costal scction long, 4 times lcngth of fourth. Cor-on. Frons and orbits yellou,ish orange, both vt on ycllorv grould, hind-margin of eye black; antcnnal scgments biack; mesonotum and scutellum mat, blackish gray; sides of thorax conspicuously p-ale, only lorver front corner_,of mesopleura black; legs:. fcmora blacl< bur l

~~~~486~~~~

~~~~\ \ .1:81 --- =.-',-F:-- , -,:'- \={\i _l-!::>.r- \\ I \'€;;J<@ \\ 489 N )'i: ./_~~~~

~~~~'-ffi~~~~

~~~~492~~~~

FIc. 486, Ph1'tomyzn periclynrcni: acdcagus. Frc. ,187, P. persicae : aedcagus. Frcs. .188--{90, P. pet,rrsiti: -[88, acdeagr,rs, side vicu.; .189,-distiphallur, r."trt.rl vierv; ,190, ]eaT-mine on petasites t'i.tilolitrs. Frcs. 491-492, P. pldnttrginis: 491, acdcagus, side 1.is1i'; 492, distiphallus, r,entral vicrv.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 268 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocIcAL socIETY oF CANADA Phytomyza plantaginis Robineau-Desvoidy (Figs. 491, 492) Phytowyzd plantaginis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851, p. 404; Hendel,l93l-36, p. 455; Frick, 1959, p. 434. Types from France believed lost' Arur.r. A4edium-sized species, wing length 2.2 mm, second costal section short, l% times length of fourth; frons yellow, orbits distinctly projecting above eye towards base of antennae; third antennal segment large, elongated, black, first and second segments yellow; mesonotum mat-gray, acr entirely lacking or at most in 2 rows; fore-coxae bright yeilow, femora black but all knees yellow. Mere Grxrrarre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 497, +92. Hosr-pleNr/Brorocv. Planta:go ru:djor and other Plantas, sPP., larva forming white linear mine, pupating in leaf. DrstnreurroN. Ontario, Quebec; U.S.A.; Europe; Japan. RE^aanrs. The conspicuous orbits, enlarged third antennal segment, short second costal section, and virtual absence of acr make this a distinctive species. It closely resembles P. pensternonis in all three characters but is distinguishable by the bright yellow fore-coxae. It is readily separable from P. pedicularicaulis by the more slender arista. MerBnrer, Exel'rrxou. Ontario: Ottawa, Green Valley Motel aree.,2 9 9, em. 72 and 14 July ex leaf- mines on P. major,leg. 5 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Quebec: Gatineau Park, I ?, em. 12 July 1967 ex leaf-mine on P. rnajor, Leg. 6 July 1e67 (K.A.S.).

Phytomyza plumiseta Frost (Fig. ae3) Phytomyza plurniseta Frost, 1924, p. 87; Frick, 1959, p. +3+. Holotype I in USNN,T. Anur-r. Frons vellow, both vt on black ground, all antennal segments black; 2 equal ors, 2 similar oril mesonotum blackish gray, humerus, notopleural triangle. upper margin of mesopleura yellow; legs dark, though fore-knees yellowish; wing length tbott 2.7 mm, second costal section just over 3 % times length of fourth. A{ar.e Grxrrarra. Aedeagus as in Fig. 493. Hosr-r,raxr/Brorocv. Thalictruru polygamum, Tarva forming large white blotch, normally in centre of leaf, with frass in a conspicuous black patch near centre of mine; pupation either in mine or externally; puparium dark brown, deeply segmented. Drsrnrsurrox. Ontario, Quebec; U.S.A.: Pennsylvania. New to Canada. Relrenrs. This species belongs to the group having the frons and sides of the thorax yellow; distinctive characters are the relatively long second costal section and both vt being on black ground. The male genitalia confirm the close relationship with P. aquilegiana but this is darl

leaf-mines frequent on same host, mid-July 1967 (K.A.S.); Montreal, St. Jerome, young leaf-mines on Thalicnuzn con:fine,14 Aug. 1955 (E.NI.H.). Pennsylvania: Arendtsville, 1 6, 2 g g, ex Thalictrum cflnddense, 3 Aug. 1926 (S.W.Frost), paratypes.

Phytonyza praud sp. n. (Fig. aea) Hoao. Frons broad, almost twice width of eye, not projecting above eye in profile; 2 ors, the upper substantiaily weaker, 2 ori, the lower weaker; orbital setulae slight, sparse; jowls of medium width, about % vertical eye height; third antennal segment oval, Iarge. Mosoxorult. Acr regular, in 4 rows. WINc. Length in male 2.2 mm, second costal section short, 2r/z times length of fourth. Cor,on. Frons essentially yellow but suffused with black in front, paler above and laterally adjoining orbits; lunule, jowls, face yellow; all antennal segments and palps black; mesonotum and scutellum mat, blackish gray; mesopleura black, bright yellow on upper margin, notopleural area faintly brownish; Iegs black, all knees inconspicuously yellow; squamae yellow, fringe only slightly darker, ochrous. MalB GaNrrarre. Aedeagus as in Fig. 494. HororypE, d, Alberta, George L., 6 July 1966 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. DrecNosts. Distinctive characters of this species are the short upper ors and second costal section and in pafticular rhe unusual coloration of the frons.

Phytomyza puccinellide sp. n. (Figs. 495+98) Hean (Fig.495). Frons not projecting above eye; 2 equal, reclinate ors, I incurved ori, orbital setulae sparse but long; eye small, round, with slight scattered pilosity; jowls deeply extended reer, about lz height of eye, cheeks forming broad ring below eye; third antennal segment small,^t round, arista noticeably thickening tou'ards base. MBsoNorurr. Acr sparse, in 2 rows, rarely more than 3 pairs present, sometimes reduced to 2 isolated hairs. WrNc (Fig. 496). Length from 2.4 to 2.7 mm, second costal section consistently short, 1% times length of fourth, at mosr fractionally longer. Cor-on. Frons sooty black, orbits conspicuously paler, gray; all antennal segments black; mesonotum mat-black, with a distinct brownish tinge; pleura entirely blacl<; legs almost entfuely black, though knees somerirnes slightly yellorvish;-squamae gray, fringe bla-ck. Mar.n GrNrrer.re. Aedeagus as in Frg. 497, black vertical process behind distiphallus with only single weak ,lateral branch, s-arcely chitinized distiphallus with pronounced curvature; sperm sac with strongly chitinized bor.vl-shaped base (Fig. 49g). Hosr-pr.eNr/Btorocv. Puccinellia dngustdtfi and other grasses, larva pupating in mine; puparium shining, brownish black. Typos. Holotype 6, Greenland, Peary I-and, Nedre Midsommer Sd, em. ?6 Jyly 1966 ex leaf-mine on Puccinellia angustata,leg. 6 July (Canadian Peary Land Expedition); pararypes: 36 6, +9 g, same dara; Sonderstrom Air Base, 9!_tr 12 JuIy - 30 Aug. 1952 (\V.J.B.); Holsteinsborg, 16, 9 Aug. 1951 (C.Vibe); Umanak, 1d,3 Aug. 1951 (C.Vibe); Thule, t?,2 July tg52 (C.Vibe); Northwest Terr., Ellesmere Is., Hazen, 2 6 6 , l0 Auq.. 1961 (D.R.O.); Chesterfield,2 6 6, 12 July 1950 (J.G.C.); Cape Dorser, 2 6 6,26 Aug. 1954 (U.FI i. Holotype and paratypes in Copenhagen, further paratypes, No. t0455, in CNC, and in author's collection.

~~~~494~~~~

~~~~i 496~~~~

~~~~498~~~~

~~~~499~~~~

Frc.493, Phytomyza plumisetd: aedeagus, ventral view. Ftc. 494, P. praatt: aedeagus._ FIcs. 495-499, P. puccinelliae: 495, heed; 496, wing; 497, chitinized process behind distiphallus; 49.8, sperm r"i. Fros. 4gg-500,P. queribunda: 4i9, aedeagus, side view; 500, distiphallus, ventral

I have also seen 60 further specimens from Nedre N{idsommer, Peary Land, 14 June * 7 Aug. 1966 in the CNC. DrecNosrs. This is a distinctive species, distinguishable by the black frons, brownish-blacl< mesonotum, short second costal section, sPaISe acr' and deep lowls. These charactels readily distinguish it from P. fuscwla, a widespread Holarctic species from r.vhich it has clearly evolr''ed. The only grass from which this species has been reared is Puccinellfu but it has been crugfrt on other unidentified species containing leaf-mines; the exact host range th"us remains to be established. It occurs in large numbers in N!V. Greenlarid and the eastern part of Northwest Territories but has not bcen recorded west of Chestcrfield. Griffiths' (1966) records of fttscula from Grcen- lar-rd I have examined specimens as far south-west as Holsteinsborg - refer to prrccinclliac- (see p. 242\.

Phytomyza queribunda sP. n, (Figs.4e9, 500) Hneo. Frons not projecting above eve,2 equal ors,2 similar incur','ed ori; orbitai setulae ,/i small, short, sparse; ]orvls nairow, height, cheeks linear; third antennal segment rounded. "y" A{Bsoxorul,r. Acr in ,1 rows, WrNc. Length 2.2 mm, second costal section 2% times length of fourth' Cor.on. Frons black below, dark bror'"'n abo'r.e; orbits blackish; al lantennal segments black; mesonotum mar, grayish black; pleura cntirely dark; legs blacl<, knees inconspicuously bror.vnish; squamae yellor.vish gray, fringc black. Mar-a Gaxrrer.ra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 499, 500. Tvpns. Holotype 6, Alberta, Georqe L., 21 June 1966; ParatYPes: 5 6- 6' same data as holotype; 1 6 1966; Edmonton, Univ. Campus, 1 6, 20 June -Holotype9, Julv 1966 (all K.A.S.). and paratypes in author's collection, further paratvpes in CNC, No. 10456, and UA. Dracxosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the non-projecting frons' 2 equal ors, gravish mesonotum' and relativeht short costal section' This group of lpecies ii dificult to differentiate but the aedeagus in all cases is highly distinctive.

Phytomyza ranunculi (Schrank) Musca ranunculi Schrank, 1803, p. 140. Types lost. Phytontyz.a ranunculi, Hendel, 1931-36, p. +el; Frick, 1959, P. 434; Spencer, 1965d, p. 256. Anrrrr. Essential characters: upper ors substantiallv q'caker than lorver, acr sparse i;r 2 or 3 rows, scutellum at Ieast ."tltt"ily vellow, second costal section 3 times lengtl-r of first, u'ing length 2%-3 nn; color: highly r:ariable, rvith mcsonotum and legs ranging fron-r largell' yellow to largely black. Mero Gnxnarra. Aedeagus distinctive, ending in a spiral of 4 to 6 coils, similar to but shorter than that of ztibeana, Fig. 528 (cf. Sasakawa 1961, fig.142; Nowakorvshi 1962, fi9.22). Hosr,-pleNt/Brorocv. Larva forms a white uPPer surface linear mine in Ranunculus spp.; pupation takes place externally and the puparium is somer'vhat elongate, blackish brown. Dtslnrnurrox. Alberta, Nervfoundland, Nova Scotia; Europe; Japan; N. America. New to Canada.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 272 -vIE.worRS oF THE SOCIETY OF CANADA Rnr,rams. With its remarkable color variation it is quite impossible to distinguish ranunculi from humilis and inf elix excePt for the male genitalia. " P. ,orrrrrrruli appears to be common in Eaitern Canada and may weli have been introduced thiie but its occur,rence in Alberta suggests a population which was originally continuous with that now extending across Europe and Asia. Metpxral Exelurrrl;r. Alberta: Okotoks, 16, 19, 11 June 1966, catght onRtutunculus sp. (K'A.S.). Newfoundland: Harmon Field, 1 a, 30 May 1919 (F.G.DiLabio)' Nova Scotia: Lockeport,3 6 6, 3I 9, 18 July to 11Aug. 1958 (J.R.V.).

Phytomyza ruftpcs Meigen (Fig. 50t) Phytomyza rufipes Meigen, 1830, p. 192; Hendel,l93l-36, p. 471; Frick, 1959, p. 435. Syntypes in Vienna. Aourr. Frons broad, conspicuously proiecting, ]owls deeply extended at rear, only slightly less than height of ) u., ,tia ) (i,t 3;-ori; f_rons, iowls, and. face yellow, third aniennal segment yeilorvish "v";b.urut; mesonotum and scutellum mat-gray.i humerus and notopleural triaigle yeilow, mesopleura largelv gral', only upper margin yellor.v; mid- and hind- coxae largely black, femora fellowish black; rving length about 3 mm. A.,Ierr GoNrr,rr-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 501. Hosr-prlNr,,/Brorocv. Brassica spp., also in Europe Arworacia and Diplot,ax,is and possibly other Cruciferae, larva f,ir*l"g short iniiial mine in leaf near midrib, feeding mainly in petiole and sometimes coritinuing into stem, PuPating externally' DIs.tRrnu']]roN. New Brunsr'vick, Ner'vfoundland; U.S'A': Oregon; widespread in Europe. Rnulnrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the -vellorvish third antennal segment, conspicuously projecting frons, and deep jorvls; it somervhat resembles but is aistingriittt.t,ie bv having Z ors, drrker mesoPleura' P. fluuicorni.r " and black mid- and hind-coxae. With Canadian recolds Iimited to New Brunsrvick and Newfoundland it seems possible that it may have been introduced from Europe. Me:rnnrer Exel,rtN.rio. New Brunswick: Fredericton, 1 6 (with puparium), 9 Feb' 1934 (R.P.G'). Newfoundland: St. John's, 1 6, 11 Oct. 1950.

Phytornyza saskatoonensis sP. n. (Figs. 502, 503) Hleo. Orbits conspicuously proiecting above eye in front; 1 reclinate ors, 3 incun'ed ori; jorvls deeply extendid t"'r.,',!'vertiial eve height, cheeks forming bro.ad ring below er.e;'third anr'ennal segmenr", large, distinctlv longer tlian broad, arista 6ne, though slvollen at base. larsclv bare.

Frc. 501, Pl:ytontyza rufipes: aedeagus, 't,entral vierv. Ftcs. 502-503, P, saskatoonensis: 502' aedeagus, sije viev'; 50i, disriphalloi, ,r".rtt"l r'ierv. Frcs. 504-505, P. sehgnli.: 504_, aedeagus, side r,iew; 505, distiphallus, ventral view. Frcs. 506-508, P. solidaginiuora: 506,-aedeagus,.side vieu-r 507, clistiphallis, venr.ral view; 508, leaf-n'rine on Solidago sp. Frcs. 509-510, P. spondylii: 509, aedeagus, iide view; 510, distiphallus, ventral r-ieu'.

~~~~.i,t,~~~~

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 27+ ME\{oIRS oF THE ENTo}roLoGIcAL soclETY oF cANADA NlnsoNorur'r. Acr short, sparse, but irregularly in 3 or 4 ro'nvs' -wrxc. Lcngth from 2.5 mm in male to 3.1 mm in female; sccond costal section short, 7% to 2 times lcngth of fourth. Cor-on. Frons darl< bror.i,n, becoming black torvards lunule; orbits black, only slightly black' shining; iorvls. face brounish blackl all aitennal segmcnts lrlack;.mesonotum -entirely it i,tr i ,-. subshinc. pleura sinrilarr legs black, kiecs on fore-legs .distinctly yellorv.. inconspicuouslv brorvnisir on mid- and hiid-legs; abdomen entircly blacl<; squamae and fringe yellorv. l.'Iere Goxrrerte. Aedeagus as in Figs.502,503; blade of sperm sac large' Tvpos. Holotvpe 6, Saskatchewan, Saskato-o-n' 28 Apr' 1949 (A'R'B'); paratypes: 36 6, jg e, same data. Holotl-pe, No. 10457,2nd.ParatyPes in 'CXC,irto paratypes in author's collection.-A femlle from Northwest TerI.: Reindeer Depot,'Nlackenzie Delta, 6 Julv 1958 (J.R.V.), aPPeaIS to fePresent chis species but is not included as a ParatYPe' Dr,qcxosrs. The distinctive cl'raractels of this species ale the single ors, projecting frons, short second costal sectiolt t1d large site. The male genitalia indicrt" a"close relationship with P. clematidophoetn and P. modicu but the differences in aedeagus are iri each case significant.

PhytomYza sehgali sP. n, (Figs. 504, 505) Hrqp. Frons not projecting above eve, 2 ors, the uPPer stlong but substantially rveaker than lorver, 2 incul,ed'oril orbiial setulae sparse; ]owls narrorv, at rear only % eye height; third antcnnal segment small, round, arista conspicuously pubescent' trIcsoxoruw, Acr coarse, in 'l or 5 rou's. \4tNc. Length 2.3 mm, second costal section 2% times length of fourth' Coron. Frons black in lorver half, more brou,nish abol-e around ccellar triangle;- lunule, fr.", ,rd j,rJ, bror,rnirh; all antcnnal segments blacl<; mesonotum blackish grav. with slight upper nrargin Jf mesopleura. only lgg5; lemora subshine. pleura sirrrilar. . .narrowly. ,-ellowi _ blacl<. only forc-knees distiirirli- yellJrv. ribiae and tarsi darir brorvn; rving base bright yellorv, squamae yellor'vish gray, margin and fringe brown. [4eLB GsNrrerr.l. Aedeagus as in Figs. 504, .t05. Hororypo d , Alberra, Edmonton, whitemud cr.,23 June 1966 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. I have pleasure in naming this species after.V.-K. Sehgal' who accompanied me durin$ most of my col-lecting'in Alberta in the summel of tgaa. species the weake_r upper Drecxosrs. The important characters of this -are ors, the short second cosial section, the brorvnish frons, and stlong acf. It so-me- what rcsembles P. nepetae but is immediately distinguishable by the smaller third afftennal segment. Phytornyza soliclaginit:ord sp. n. (Figs. 506-508) He qt. Frons not proiecring ahoie eve. I ors and 1 ori. orbital setulae sparse. Iimited,to 2 or J lrairsl jorvls rclatir ely b-road ( miasurement not possible, Iread partially collePsed ) i third antcnnal segment small, round, u-ith short plrbescence. Mrsosorulr. Acr in 5 rorvs in front. WrNc. Length in male 2.3 mm, second costal section iust over 2/z times lcngtl-r of fourth. (loron. Frons and ]ou Is orange-ye)low. anrennac and palps blackl lrind-margin of eyc "ground; black rvith conspicuous black. both rte on palcr. r'elloui'h -inner 'post-a1armesonoturn mat, -yeilotr;gray_ish yellow patches at larerai corncrs, iust on htmerus, notopleural front cornerl femora iriangle,'most of mesopleura rvl-ritisi-r vellow, the iattei grayish'yellow, in lo.ver blac( ail knees brigh/ yellow, ,,1o"-.. including -"rg'in fringe ochrous.

X{er-e GBNIrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 506, 507. Ln.tr-r'rrsE. Long, upper surface, Iinear mine considerably '"videning (Fig. 508), frass arranged in black strips at alternate sides of channel; PuPatioll erternallv, puparium blacl<, posterior spiracles each rvith an ellipse of 16-20 minute bulbs. HorolvpE 6 , Alberta, Edmonton, Univ. Campus, em. 21 July ex leaf-mine on Solidago sp., leg. 30 June 1966 (K.A.S.). In author's collection. Drecxosrs. This species belongs to the group with the sides of the thorax yellow; other distinguishing characters are the single ors, the black hind-margin of the eye and the relativelv short second costal section. P. sotiduginis Hend., mining Solidago in Europe, is substantially darker and the genitalia are entirely distinct.

~~~~Phy tom'y ztr sponilylii Robineau-Desvoidy (Figs. 509, 510)~~~~

Phytomyzn spondytii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851, p. '100; Hendcl, 1937-36, p. 483' Types lost. ycllorv, eye black, both vt on blacl< ground; Aour-r. Frons and iorvls 'than hind-rnargin of upper ors substantially shorter los.er or sometincs entirely lacking; acr irrcgular.ly in 4 rorvs; mesonorum mit, blackish gray; color of pleura r.ariable, normally humerus, notopleural area and ncsoplcura largely black but in patei specimens these areas yellowish and mesopleura only blacl< beloui; ii.ing length 2-2.5 mm,^ second costal section long, 4 or 5 times length of fourth. Mern GBNrrerre. Aedeagus ending in largely membranous upcun-ed tubule (Figs. 509, 510). Hosr-pr.qxr/Brorocv. Herrcleum lanatzmt, larva forming white' uPPer surface linear mine, pupating externally; puparium shining black. DrsrnrnurtoN. Alberta, Quebec; Europe. Nerv to North America. Rnr.rcms. The distinctive characters of this species are the long second costal section, the short upper ors and the variable color of the sides of the thorax which may be pale (couplet 13) or largelv dark (couplet 20). Frick (1959, p. +36) misidentified as spondylii a closely-related species so far only knor,r'n from California subsequently described as P. lonati (Spencer 1966h). Leaf-mines found bv the author commonlv on Herdcleutn lanatutn in Alberta in June 1966 were at first thought to represent P.lanati but eramination of the male genitalia has slrotvn the species tobe spondylii. There seems little reason to doubt that empty mines found at Val d'Or, Que., are of tl-re same species. As discussed under P. Ianati on p. 250, as a result of confusion ou'ing to the presence of two species in the type series of lanati, the leaf-mine r on Heraclernn in California is not in fact lanati b:ut herncleiphaga described on p. 297. Greenish blotch mines (Fig. 535) found at George Lake and Cypress Hills in June 1966, each containing several larvae, almost certainly represcnt the Palaearctic species, P. heracleana Hering, but unfortunately no adults were rcared. M.q,:rnnr.qr, Exalrrl ro. Alberta: Sr. Albert, 4 6 6,3 9 9, em. l-J Julv 1966 ex lcaf-mines on Heracleuw lanatutm,leg. 14 June 1966 (K.A.S.);George L., l6, em. ex same host 12 July 1966, leg. 21 June 1966 (K.A.S.); leaf-mines common at Edmonton. Quebec: Val d'Or, empty leaf-mines on H.lattrttttm,2l luJy 1967 (K.A.S.).

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 276 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocI( Phytonlyza subtenella Frost (Fig. 511) Phytotnyztt subtenella Frost, 1924, p. 89; Frick,1959, P. 436' Holotype I from Washington State, in USNM. Aour-r. Wing length 2.5-2.8 mm, second costal section short, l% to 2 times fourth; shape of head dist'inctir7. (pri.k 1959, fig. 166), frons greatly p-roiecting ab-ove ey-e, iowls untisually deep at rear,2l eye height;2 e{'ual ors; acr in) rows;-frons, face, first and second r.g-..rtr yellow;' third" segment black; mesonotum mat-gray,. fore-co-xa- largely yellow,".rt".rn"i fem5ra black but with yetlow-knees; basal cone of ovipositor greatly extended. Mer.e Goxrreua. Aedeagus as in Fig. 511. Flosr-praNl/Brorocv. Unknown but long ovipositor suggests this is a seed- or stem-feeder. DtsrntnurroN. Alberta, British Columbia; U.S.A.: Mount Rainier, Wash., iWisconsin. New to Canada. Rpr,renrs. The projecting frons, unusually deep jowls, and lack of epistoma make this a distinctive species. The specimens examined agree exactly with the description of the speciei and also with the illustration of the head given by Frick. N{ernnrer, ExelnrNro. Alberta: Banff, roadside towards Calgary, 29 9,28 June 1966; Frank, 19,26 June 1966 (K.A.S.); Hinton, | 6 ,23 July 1966 (V.K.S.). British Columbia: Prince George, north of town, 1 6, 29 ?, 18 June 1966 (K.A.S.).

Phytomyza subtilis sP. n. (Figs. 512-s14) F{Ber. Frons only prolecting as nalrow ring above eye; normally 2 equal ors (rarely upper shorter on one side), ori irregular in size and number, varying between 2 and 4; orbital setulae short, sparse; cheeks forming distincc ring below eye, iowls deeply extended at rear, of eye; third ant;nal segment slightly longer than broad' rounded at end, ii,fft:':*fight A{nsoxorur.r. Acr irregularly in 3 or 4 rows. WrNc. Length 2.6-2.8 mm, second costal section 2/z times length of fourth. Cor-on. Frons dark, brownish yellow, orbits black above, concolorous with frons below; jowls brown, face black; all antennal segments black; mesonotum mat, blackish gray, pleura entirely black, apart from narrow yellow upper margin of mesopleura; legs black, only fore- knees indistinctly paler; squamae gray, fringe black. MnrB GnNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 512, 5ll. Hosr-preNr/Btorocv. Luthyrus ocbroleucus, larva forming whitish upper surface blotch (Fig. 51+), pupating extemally; puparium reddish btown, Posterior spiracles each with an ellipse of 20 minute bulbs. Tvpns. Holotype 6, Alaska, IJnalakleet, 8 July 1961 (R.M.); ParatyPes: 49 9, same localiry, 3 8 Jnly, I 18 June 1961; Alberta: south side of Wabamun Lake, I 9, em. 12 Mar. 1967 ex leaf-mine on Ldthyrus ochroleucus,Ieg. 2 July 1966 (K.A.S.). Holotype, No. 10458, and ParatyPes in CNC, two Para- types in author's collection. DracNosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the 2 equal ors, acr in 4 rows, black orbits and face. It is distinguishable from P. arbdnd by the darker frons and more black mesonotum. The senitalia of the two species are generally similar but different in detail.

~~~~511~~~~

~~~~514~~~~

~~~~512 /~~~~

~~~~516~~~~

~~~~_ -: " a-rA -,:?1,\:\ .J ,J '':l-: ')"'~~~~

~~~~.ri 517~~~~

Frc. 577, Phytomyza subtenella: aedetgtts. Frcs. 512-514, P. subtilis: 512, aedeagus, side view; 513, distiphallus, ventral view;514, leaf-mine on Lathyrus ochroleucus. Frci. it5-5t6, p. superba: 515, aedeagus, side view; 516, same, ventral view, Frc. 577, P. syngenesiae: aed,ee,gts,

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 278 l'rE\rorRs oF TIIE ENToMoLoclcAL socIETY oF c.{NADA The female from Albcrta reared from Lathyrzl.r agrees exactly with the series from Alasha. Both Lathyrus rnaritirntts and L. palustris occur lvidely in Alasl

Phytonyza syngenesiae ( Hardy ) (Fig. 517) Chrotnatontyict syttgerrcsiae Hardy, 1849, p. 391. Neotvpe 6 designated by Griffiths, 1967 in BX{. Phytotnvza syngertesiae, Griffiths, 1967, p. 7. Phytoruyza atricornis Ilcigen scnsu Hendel, 1920, p. 162; l93l-36, p. 353. Anurr. nletiiurn-size d spccies, rving length 2.2-2.6 mm, second costal section normally nvice lcngth of fourtl-r; frons r-ellorv, upper orbits sometimcs slightly darl

N{ernnr,tr, Exa l rt-.- nl. Alberta: Edmonton, l d ex Crepis sp.,4 June 1966 (V'K'S.);Frank, 16, 1 July 7966, ex Senecio sp., leg. 26 June (K.A.S.). Phytornyza tenuis sP. n, (Figs. 518, 519) F{p.rn. Frons distinctly projecting above eye in front;_2 e_qual.ors,2 ori, the lou'er sonervhar rveaker; orbital setulae'in sin'gle rou', longl cheeks fonr-ring.broad ring bclow cve, jorvls deep, ebott % vertical height of &e; third alfcnn-al segmcnt slightly longcr than broad, rounded at cnd, arista unusuallv short, equal to rvidth of eve. N,Iesoxorur,r. Acr short, irregulally in 3 or 4 rou's in front, only isolated hairs bevond second dc. WrNc. Lengtl-r in male 2.3 rnm, second costal scction short, twice length of fourth. Coron. Frons orange-yellorv, orbits entirely- dark, black above, more g1a,v below; both r.t on black ground; jorils'and face yellorv; third antcnnal segnrent black, first and sccond sliglitly paler, yellou'ishl mesonoturn met blacl(, conspicuously dusted v'ith brorvn; pleura almost cntirelv'black, only upper margin of mesopleuia narrorvly vellow; legs black but all knees inconspicuously paler, vellorvish; squamae gra.v, fringc black. NLq,rB Gnxrrerte. Aedeagus distinctir-e, as in Figs. 518, 519. Hororvpn d, British Columbia, Prince George, 18 June 1966 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. Drecxosrs. Tl're distinctive characters of this species are the 2 equal ors, black orbits, yellor,v face, and short second costal section. The male genitalia generally resemble those of P. krygeri Hering, feeding in seeds of Aquilegia in Europe.

Phytotnyza thalictriuora sp. n. (Fig. 520) Closely resembling P. aquilegi',^ord) wrth follorving points of difference: Arur.'r. Frons darker in upper half, blackish brorvn, u'ith only faint ycllorvish undertone; a fcw scattered acr presenti mesonotum more conspicuously shiningi second costal scction longer, 2 , rimes length of fourth. r\{.q,l.r Gpxrrerra. Aedeagus not straight but u'ith distinctive curvaturc (Fig. 520). Hosr-praxr/Brorocv. Thdlictrtmt aenuloslrw) larva forming upper surface linear mine, u'hich in minute leaves may appear blotch-like, frass in scattcrcd blacl< grains; puparium orange-bro\,vn. Tnpr:s. Flolotl'pe 6, Alberta, Okotoks, em. 25 June i966 er lcrf-mine on Thalictruw rternilosurn, leg. 10 June; paratvpe: 1J, same data (both K.A.S.), in author's collection. Drrcxosrs. This spccies is rcadily distinguished from P. dquilegivord by the darker frons, presence of acr, and longer second costal section. The aedeagus is cntirelv distinct. The conspicuous leaf-mines appeared to be common in Alberta in June rvhcrever tl're food-plalrt occurred. It remains to be established whether the species also feeds on-Aqttilegia.

~~~~Phytomyza titnida sp. n, (Figs.521, s22) Hr-ql. Frons not projecting above cvc; upper ors substantially rr.'cal~~~~

~~~~(/A iti( LA/IE~~~~

~~~~520~~~~

wrxc. Length, 2.2 mm in male, second costal section ]ust less than 3 times fourth, in ratio ,10:1,1. on black coron. Frons orange-vellow, hind-margin of eye black, both vt -ground; antcnnac, face, palps blaiki mesonotum and"scutellun-r mat, blac-kish gray; sides of thorax biack, mesople.ria i,rith only r-ery narrow yellow uppcr margin; femora black, all knees distinctly yelliwish, tibiae t"tri slightly'paler on io..- t.td midJegs; squamae yellorvisl-r, fringe darker, grayish. "trd Mer-o GaNrrerre. Aedeagus as in Figs. 521, 522. Tvpns. Holotype a, Alberta, Wabamun, S. side of lake, 1-3 July 1966; paratype: 1 6, same data (both K.A.S.), in author's collection. DrecNosrs. The distinctive characters of this sPecies ale the shorter upper ors, the relatively short second costal section and nairor'v jowls. It v-ery closelY resembles P. asierophagd but is distinguishable by the presence of the short uPPer ors. Phytomyza tunelrensis sP. n. (Fig. 523) Hran. Frons broad. tuice width of cve. not proiecting ahove.ey.c.in. profiler uPler, gr: weal(. substantially shortcr than Iorver, 3 oril lowls Jeep. rr verttcal helgllt ot c) e; tnlrd antennal segment rounded, large, r.vith short pubescence' A{BsoNorurv. Acr irregular, in 3 rolvs, extending to first dc. wrNc. Length 2.8 mm in male, second costal section iust less than 3 times length of fourth. at border of black Coron. Frons and ]owls orange-yellorv, hinci-mar:gin of eye blacJ<, vti an

Frcs. 518-519, Phytowyza tenuis: 518, aedeagus' side r-ierv; 519, distiphallus, vent.ral vrew. Frc. 520, P. thalictritora: aedeagus. Frcs. 521-522, P. timida: 521, acdeagus, side view; 522' distiphallus, r,entral vicw. Frc. 321, P. tundrensls: aedeagus. Frcs. 524-525, P. urbana: 524, aedcigus, side view; 525, distiphallus, I'entral view.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 282 MEMoIRS oF THE ENToMoLocIcAL socIETY oF cANADA Hororvpn 6, Alberta, Blairmore, 26 June 1966 (K.A.S.), in author's collection. DrecNosrs. The distinctive characters of this species are the 2 equal ors, pale yellorv frons, black orbits, and ash-gray mesonotum-. It is readily disting_uishable ?rom P. rubtilis by the paler frons and paler glay mesonofum and ftom P. tenuis by the black face. ' The male genitalia indicate a close relationship between P. urbana and P. subtilis. Phytomyza aaripes Macquart (Figs. 526, 527) Phytomyza aaripes Macquart, 1835, p. 618; Hendel,193l-36, p. 495. Types lost. Arur-r. Wing length 2-2.5 mm, second costal section short, slighdy. over twice fourth (not over 3 times"as siated by Hendel); third antennal segment yellowish, slightly.darker brown above, femora basically yellow, with blackish striations above; in female ovipositor greatly eiongated, almost as long as rest of abdomen. Mer-r GnNrrer.ra. Aedeagus as in Figs. 526,527. Hosr-prexr/Brolocv. Rhinantbus spp., larva feeding and PuPating in seed- head; puparium shining black. DrsrnIeutroN. Nova Scotia; Europe, incl. Iceland. New to North America. Rolrems. This is a distinctive species, readily recognisable by the yellowish third antennal segment and femora, and in the female by the long ovipositor. With the onfv known record in Canada from Nova Scotia ii seems probable that this is an introduced species. MerBnrer Exar,rrNno. Nova Scotia: Lockeport, | 6,20 July 1958 (J.R.V.).

Phytonyza oibeana Griffiths (Fig. 528) Phytomyza aibeans Griffiths, 1966, p. 19. Holotype 6 from Greenland in Copenhagen. Anur-r. Large species, wing length 2.5-3 mm, second costal section short,, twice. length of fourth; color 6f fions variable from yellow through brown to almost black, orbits well differentiated, frons broad, 2% to 3 times width of eye; upPer ors normally present but small; third antennal segmenr black, essentially round but greatly enlarged; mesonotum mat' brownish black, acr in 2 rows; Iegs black, all knees yellow. Mem GnNrrer-re. Aedeagus as in Fig. 528. Hosr-preNl/Brorocv. Unknown. Drslnrsurrox. Northwest Terr.; Greenland. New to Canada. Rplrems. The distinguishing characters of this species are the short upper ors. broad frons. brownish mesonotum and short second costal section. The cojled aedeagus suggests a close relationship with P. rdnunculi and it seems probable that the host-plant may be one of the Arctic Ranunculus sPecies, such as R. lappotzicus L. Melpnrer, ExeurNeo. Northwest Terr.: Baffin Is., Clyde R., 2 6 6,1 9, 15 Sept. 1935 (W.J.B.); Clyde, 7 6 6 ,3 I 9, 20 June- 6 Aug. 1958 (J.E.H.M., G.E.S.). There are 100 further specimens from Clyde, June 1958 (J.E.H.M., G.E.S.), in the CNC.

~~~~@-- i_-:r:-_------E--- -..1a)ff~~~~

~~~~527 526 t[ u\r tv#~~~~

Frcl526-527, Phytomyza aaripes: 526, aedeagus, side view; 527, distiphallus, venrral vierv. Frc. 528, P. uibeana: aedeagus. Frcs. 529-533f Leaf-mines of Phytomyia spp.: 529A, B, on Aster macrophyllus; 530, on Actaea rubra; 531, on Anemone canadensis; 5f2, 533, on Cabha Dalustris.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 28+ MEMorRs oF THE ENToMoLoctcAL socIETY oF CANADA Phytomyza sp. (Shilo) A single female from Manitoba, 5 mi SW. of Shilo, 11 July 1958 (R.B.M.), represents an undescribed species but, in the absence of males, it is not proposed to deicribe it formally. It is included in the key in couplet 77 and has the following essential characters: 1 (one one side 2) ors, 3 ori, frons and antennae entirely black, mesonotum blackish gray, mat but with distinct subshine, acr in 4 rows; femora black with yellow knees, tibiae and tarsi entirely black; squamae and fringe yellow; wing length 3.2 mm, second costal section long, lt/z times length of fourth, veins dark. This species somewhat resembles P. modica but is larger and stouter' the second cosal section is longer, the mesonotum more gray and the veins are darker.

Leaf-mines of Unidentified Phytomyza speciea COMPOSITAE Arnica sp. Alberta, Blairmore, 27 Jtne 1966 (K.A.S.). Aster macrophylla. Quebec, Val d'Or, 22 luly 1967 (K.A.S.). 1. A linear mine (Fig. 529A). 2. A blotch mine, though linear at beginning (Fig. 5298). Heliopsis scabra. Quebec, Montreal, Botanical Gdns., 26 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.).

RANUNCULACEAE Actaea nrbra. Quebec, Ottawa R. at Champlain Bridge, 10 July 1967 (K.A.S'). A brownish blotch (Fig. .530), nr. P. actaeae Hd. from Europe. Anemone canadensis, Ontario, Dunrobin and Ottawa, Rideau Locks, 8 and 9 July 1967; Quebec, Orrawa R., 10 July 1967 (all K.A.S.). A brorvnish blotch (Fig. 531). Cahha palustris L. Alberta, George L.,6 July 1966 (K.A.S.); Quebec, Gatineau Park, 6 JuJy 1967 (K.A.S.). A short linear mine considerably widening at end (Fig. s32). Quebec, Val d'Or, 23 JtJy 1967 (K.A.S.). A dark brown blotch, adjoining margin of leaf (Fig. 533). Close to P. calthae Her. Cletnatis alpina. Quebec, Montreal, Botanical Gdns., 26 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). A short linear mine. ? P. loettii Hd C. ligusticifolia. Alberta, Medicine Hat, opposite station, 25 June 1966 (K.A.S.). A longer linear mine, pupation externally (Fig. 53a). Ranunculus septentrionalis. Quebec, Val d'Or, 23 J:lJy 1967 (K.A.S.). A whitish blotch at leaf-margin.

~~~~SCROPHULARIACEAE Veronica scutellata. Quebec, Montreal, Botanical Gdns., 28 Aug. 1956 (E'M.H.). A short upper surface linear mine. Close to P. crassiseta Zett. from Europe'~~~~

UMBELLIFERAE Aegopodiutn podagrarr.a. Quebec, Montreal, Mount Royal Park, 25 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). Cry ptotaemia canadensis. Quebec, Montreal, Mount Royal Park, 4 Sept. 1956 (E.M.H.). Datr.cus carotd. Quebec, Montreal, Botanical Gdns., 26 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). Heracleutm lanatum. Alberta, George L., 21 June 1966 (K.A.S.). A large inconspicuous blotch with numerous larvae feeding together (Fig. 535). Close to P. heracleana Hg. from Europe.

Pastinaca satiaa. Quebec, Gatineau Park, 6 Jv.ly L967 (K.A.S.). An irregular upper surface linear mine. Close to P. pastinacae Hd. from Europe. Sanicula marilandica. Alberta, George L., 6 July 1966 (K.A.S.); Quebec, Perkin's Mills, 18 JuJy 1967 (K.A.S.); Montieal, Mount Royal Park, 16 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.)' A small, irregular brownish blotch adjoining leaf-margin (Fig' 536). Siurn sua'ue. Quebec, Val d'Or, 22 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Near P. siiHer. from Europe.

LEAF.MINES OF AGROMYZIDAE OF UNCERTAIN GENERA CAPRIFOLIACEAE Dieruilla lonicera. Quebec, Montreal, Mount Royal Park, 16 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.); Perkin's Mills, 18 JuJy 1967 (K.A.S.). An irregular greenish blotch. Lonicera dioica. Ontario, Pelee, 16 JuJy 1967 (K.A.S.). A long linear mine, sometimes greatly widening ac end, largely filled centrally by greenish frass, which is broken up into blacker lumps towards the end (Fig. 537). Probably Para:phyto- Tnyzd sP. Sambucus ebulus. Quebec, Montreal, Botanical Gdns., 26 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). A small blotch with greenish frass centrally.

COMPOSITAE Anaphalis margaritacea. Quebec, Montreal, Mount Royal Park, 15 Aog. 19r6 (E.M.H.); Perkin's Mills, 18 Jdy 1967 (K.A.S.). A narrow linear mine, either Liriomyza or Phytotnyza sp. Bidens frondosus. Quebec, Montreal, roadside, 14 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). Bidens sp. Quebec, Perkin's Mills, 18 JuJly 1967 (K.A.S.). A blotch at margin of leaf. Liriomyza or Phytomyza sp. Callistephus sinensis. Ontario, Ottawa, Central Experimental Farm, 21 Aug. 1956 (tr.M.H.). A narrow linear mine. Erechtites hieraciif olia. Quebec, St. Jerome, 19 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). Eupatorium maculatztm. Ottawa, Green Valley Motel area, 5 Jdy 1967 (K.A.S.). E. rugosum. Quebec, Montreal, Mount Royal Park, 14 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). A white. irregularly winding linear mine. Helianthus strutnosus. Quebec, Montreal, Mount Royal Park, 25 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). A large brownish blotch. lCalycomyza sp. Prenanthes alba. Quebec, Montreal, Mount Royal Park, 18 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). Tagetes erectd. Ontario, Ottawa, Central Experimental Farm, 21 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). Xanthiutn pLffigens. Quebec, Montreal, 26 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). Zinnia elegtns. Ontario, Ottawa, Central Experimental Farm, 2l Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.).

~~~~EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia rnarginata. Quebec, Turkey Point, 28 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.).~~~~

~~~~GRAMINEAE Calcrmagrostis canadensb. Quebec, Val d'Or, 22 JuJy 1967 (K.A.S.). A narrow, greenish mine. Agromyza or Cerodontha sp.~~~~

LABIATAE Agastache nepetoides. Ontario, Pelee, 15 JuJy 1967 (K.A.S.). 1. A shorr linear mine - nr. Phytomyzd nepetne Hd. (Fig.538A). 2. A brownish blotch - possibly Calycomyza wenthde Sp. (Fig. 538B). Lycopus asper. Alberta, George L.,6 July 1966. A small brownish blotch (K.A.S.). Stachys pahtstris. Alberta, George L., 6 July 1966 (K.A.S.). An elongated brownish blotch adjoining the leaf-margin (Fig. 539). Neat Amauromyza la'mii Kah. f.rom Europe.

~~~~535 536~~~~

537 539 540 Heracleum Frcs. 5l,l--536, Leaf-mines of Phytornyzd spp.: 534, on Clemati's ligusti'cif olia;535, on 5]7, i*it"*|r 536, on San;*tla rnaritandila. Fics. 537-540, Leaf-mines-of agromyzid spp.: palustris; frunus Loni.cera d,ioica; 538A,, B, on Agastache nepetoides; 539, on Stachys 540' on pennsylaani.ca. 'n

LEGUMINOSAE Lupinus sericeus. Alberta, Blairmore, 27 }une 1966 (K'A'S')' Starting 1:,." ^^ttoy linear mine adjoining margin of leaf, later developilgiltg a.blotch and filling whole width of leaf.' ResEmt:liig Agronyzd iohdnnde de Meij' in Europe'

~~~~LILIACEAE irregular Smilacina sp. Quebec, Ottawa R., 10 July 1967 (K.A.S.). Broad mine with blackislr-frass (not Liriowyza smilacinae).~~~~

~~~~RANUNCULACEAE Anemone p(fiens. Alberta, roadside nr. Banff,28 June 1966 (K.A.S.). Short, whitish linear mine. Liriomyza ot Phytomyza sp.~~~~

~~~~RESEDACEAE Reseda odorata. Quebec, Montreal, Botanical Gdns., 26 Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). A winding linear mine, with frass in distinct black strips.~~~~

ROSACEAE Prunus pennsylaanica. Quebec, Val d'Or, 22 July 1967 (K.A.S.). A long, narrow, upper surface mine (Fig.5a0). A more irregular mine from Montreal, Mount Royal Park, 24 I'lttg. 1956 (E.M.H.), possibly represents the same species. P. ttirginiana. Ontario, Ottawa, Bell's Corners, early July 1965 (K. Sattler). As above.

~~~~SCROPHULANIACEAE Melampyrum lineore. Quebec, Montreal, Aug. 1956 (E.M.H.). A linear-blotch mine.~~~~

KNOWN HOSTS OF CANADIAN AGROMYZIDAE Hosts shown in brackets have not yet been confirmed in Canada but are known from America or Europe. The laival feedine habit is indicated as follows: F, seed-feeder (flower-head) i G, gall-causer; L, leif-miner; R, root-feeder; SB, stem-borer; SM, stem-miner. Families and genera are arranged alphabetically, as it is felt that this will facilitate reference by entomologists who may not be familiar with current botanical classifi cation.

~~~~PTERIDOPHYTA Polypodiaceae Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Pteridomyza hilarella (Zeu.) L~~~~

SPERMATOPHYTA ANcrosppnl.aB MoNocorvrrDoNEAE Cypnnecoar Carex Bebbii Olney Cerodontha (Diz.) sp. L C. crinitaLam. Cerodontha (Diz.) sp. L lCarex spp.J Cerodontha (Diz.) angulata (Loew) L lCarex spp.l Cerodontha (Diz.) eucarlcis (Now.) L lCarex spp.) Cerodontha (Diz.) morosa (Mg.) L Scir'pus sp. Cerodontha (Diz.) scirpiuora Sp. L lScirpusl Cerodontha (Diz.) scirpi (Karl) L GnaltrNnaB A gropy ron smithii Ry db. Cerodontha (Po,) incisa (Mg.) L Agropyron sp. Cerodontha (Po.) lateralrr (MS.) lAgropyron repens L,l Pseudonapomyza ata (Mg.) L lAgropyronl Cerodontha (Po.) inconspicua (Mall.) L lAgropyron) Cerodontha (Po.) pygmaea (Mg.) L lAgropyronl Cerodontha (Po.) mu,scina (Mg.) L lAgropyronf Cer od ontha (Diz.) fl.auo cingtlata (Suobl) lAgrostisl Cerodontha (Diz.) flavo cingulata (Strobl) L lAgrostisl Agromyza nigripes M9 L lAaenal A gr omy ze anzbigua F aIl. L

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 288 MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA Cerodontha (Po.) Pygmaea (Mg.) L lBrachypodiuntl f (Mg.) L lBrachypodiuntl Cerodontha (Diz.) lateralis Calantagrostis canadensis (Mx.) Agromyzid sp. L Nurt. (P c stidis lCalamagrostisl C erodontha o.) alamagro Now. L Dactylis glotnerataL. Agromyza sp. L lDactylisl C ero d onrha (Diz.) flauo cingulata (Strobl) L Cerodontha (Po.) pygmaea (Mg.) L lDactylisl L lDeschampsial Agrontyza nigriPes Mg. proxima Sp. L lE chinochloa'.Dctlteri (Pursh) Agrom.yza Hellerl lEhrhorta) Cer. (Po.) tnuscina (Mg.) L lElymusl Cer. (Po.) lateralis (Mg.) L lFestucaf C er odonth a (Diz.) flatto cingulata (Strobl) L pygmaea (Mg.) L lFestucal Cerodontha (Po.) Gly cerid grandis Watson Agrotnyza lucida Mg. L lCly cerial Agromyza nigriPes Mg. L lHolcusf Agromyza nigripes Mg. L lHolcusf Agromyza albipennis Mg. L lHolcus) C er odontha (Diz.) flauo cingulata (Strobl) L lHordeurnl Cer. (Po.) mzscina (Mg.) L lHordeuntf Cer. (Po.) lateralis (Macq.) L lHordeutn) Phytomyza milii Kalt. L Hystrix patula Moench Agrornyza sp. L lMiliwnl Phytomyza milii Kak. L P anicunt tcdnth oqhy swn Gray Agrornyza sp. L lP. dichotomifl orutn Michx.l Agrowyza proxima Sp. L lPhalarisl Agromyza albipennis Mg. L Phleurn prdtense L, Cer. (Po.) incisa (Mg.) L Phleznn pratense L. Phytomyza fuscula Zeu. L lPhleumf Cer. (Diz.) flavocingnlata (Strobl) L lPoal Agromyza albipennis Mg. L (Strobi) lPoal Cer. (Diz.) flavo cingulata L lPoal Phytont1,za ruilii Ka]-t. L lPoa chaixii Yill.l Cer. (Diz.) chaixiana (Groschke) L Puccinellia dngustato R. & R. Phy tomyzd Puc cinellioe Sp. L lSecalel A gr orny za amb i gua F all. L lSecalel P seudonapom.yza atra (Mg.) L Setdria Lterticilldtd (L.) P. Beauv. Agromyza sp. L

T ri gloc hi t t ttrarit ima L. Liriomy za angulic ontis (Mall. ) L lTriticuntf Cer. (Po.) lateralis (Mg.) L lZea ways L.l Cer. (Po.) lateralis (Mg.) L Zizania aquatica L. Cer. (Po.) incisa (Mg.) L Gratnineae spp. Liriatnyzo cordillerana Sehgal L Gramineae spp. Lir iont y za nro'r7t (tna Sehgal L Granzineae spp. Liriomyza septentriondlls Sehgal L Grantineae spp. Phytowyza nigra Mg. L lGramineae spp.l Cer. (Diz.) flaaocingulata (Strobl) L lGrarnineae spp.) Liriornyza soro sis (Wiil.) L lGramineae spp.) Cer. (Cer,) dorsalis (Lw.) L

DrcoryrrnoNnen Acrnecpan Acer rubrznn L, Phytobia setosa (Lw.) SB Al,renaxtnecBep lAmaranthus spp.) Ammtrotnyza abnormalis (Mall.; SB lAmaranrhus spp.) Haplomyza togata (MeL) L lChenopodium spp.l Amwromyza abnormalis (Mall.; SB Aqurrorracoao Ilex aquif oliuw L. Phytomyza ilicis Crtrt. L L uerticillata (L.) A. Gray Phy tomyza ilicic ola Lw. L Aner.tacrer Aralia nudicaulis L. Phytomyza aralivora Sp. L A. racemosa L. Phytomyza aralivora Sp. L Ar"tu"rooo""o" Asclepias incarnato L, Liriomyza asclepiodis Sp. L Asclepias incarnata L. Liriomyza peleensis Sp. L lA. syriaca L.l L. asclepiadis Sp. L BarsantNacBeB Impatiens biflora WaIt. Liriowy za meldmpy gd (Lw.) L I. capensis L. Liriomy za melam:py ga (Lw.) L I. pallida l\vt. Liriomyza melawpy ga (Lw.) L BBtur,ecBeo Betula nigra L. Phy tobia betuliuora Sp. SB B. papyrif era Marsh. Agromyza sp. (nr. alnibetulae Hd.) L BrcxoNrecpae Catalpa bignonioides I'/y'alt. Trilobomyza pleuralis (Mall,) L BonecrNacpen Cynoglossum officinale L. Agromyza I canadensis MalL L Litho spernrum o/ficinale L. Agromyza idiversa Johnson t, Cel,rpauuracnao Campanula antericana L. Liriom:yza sp. Cepnrrorrecnes Dieruilla lonicera L. Agromyzid sp. L Lonicera dioica L. Phytomyza periclymeni. de Meij. L L. dioica L. Phytowyza gregaria Frick I' L. dioica L. Paraphytomyza orbitalis (Mel.) L L. dioica L. Paraphytomyza lonicerae (R.-D.) L L. dioica L. Paraphytornyza sp. L

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 290 MEN{oIRS oF THE SOCIETY OF CANADA L. itnsolucrata (Richards.) Phy toruyza involucratae SP. L Banks L. itnolucrata (Richards.) Phy towy za gre garia F rick L Banks L. inaolucrara (Richards') Paraphy tomy za lonicerae (R.-D.) L Banks L. tatarica L. P araph y towy za lute o s cutellata (de Meii.) L Sambucus ebulus L. Agromyzid sp. L SymphoricarPos racerno sus L. P ir aph y tomy zd lute o s cutellata (de Meij.; L L SymphoricarPor sPP. Phy tomyza caPrif oliae SP. L SyrnPhoricarpot sPP' P draphy tomJt za lonic erae (R.-D. ) L SymPhoricarPos sPP. Paraphy tomyza orbitalis (Mel.) CanYopnvrracoae Dianthus spp. Trilobomyza flavifrons (Mg.) L Sdpondrid officinalis L. Trilobotnyza flaaifrons (Mg.) L Cnrxopoorecrap (Mall.) SB lChenopodium spp.l Amaurotnyza abnorrnalis Cor.rposr:ran Achillea millef oliutn L. Phy torny za rn atric ariae Hd,. L L A. sibirica Ledeb. Liriontyza rnillef olii Her. Ledeb. Phy tomyza manicariae Hd. L A. sibirica L Arnbrosia artemisiif olia L' Agrom.yza ambrosiuora SP. Anaphalis margaritacea (L') Agromyzid sp. L Benth. Hook. Anthemis sp. Melanagromyzd sp. (: matricarioides?) SB Arctiutn minus (Hi1l7 Bernh. Liriomyza drctii Sp. L F L lArctit,tm laPPa L.l C aly c omry za fl.auinotum rick Arnica sp. Phytomyza sp, L (Kalt.) L lArtemisia) Caly cornyza artemisiae s F L lAster chilensis Neesl C aly c omy za Pr otni sa rtck A. ciliolatus Lindley Phytomyza ciliolati Sp. L Aster conspicuus Lindley Pby tomyza asteroqhdgd SP' L A. cortif olius L. Ophiomyia maura (Mg.) L A. macroPhyllus L. Phytomyza sp. (linear mine) L A. macroPhyllus L. Phyromyza sp. (blotch mine) L A. sagittifolius Olney Ophiowy ia asterovora SP. L A. sintPlex Willd. Liriornyza euPatorii (Kalt.) L A. umbellatus Mill. N emorimyza Posticata (Mg.) L Aster spp. Opbiomyia maura (Mg.) L Aster spp. Caly comyza Promissa Fricl< L Caly c owy za huwer alis (Roser) L lAsterl L Bidens frondosus L. Agromyzid sp. Callistephus sinensis Nees Agromyzid sp. L Cichoriunt intybus L. Liriomyza I taraxaci Hg. L Crepis sp. Phy tomyza syngenesiae (HardY) L (Mg.) L lCrepisl Ophiomy ia Pulic aria Erechtites hieraciif olia (L.) Raf. N entoritmy za Po stic ata (Mg.) L Erechtites hieraciifolia (L') Raf. Agromyzid sp. L Erigeron cotnPositus Pttsh P Ey tom.y za eriger ontoPh aga SP. L E. hutnilis Grah. P hy totny za erigerontoPhaga SP' L

E. uniflorus subsp. eriocephalus Phy tomy za eriger ontopha,ga Sp. L (Vahl in Hornem) Cronq. lErigeronl Caly comy za humeralis (Roser) L Eup at o r ium ma cul dtLrnx L, C aly c omy za fl.a:oino tunt F rick L E. macularum L, Liriomyza eupatorii (Kalt.) L E. maculatum L, Agromyzid sp. L E. rugowm Floutt. Caly c omy za flaainotum F rick L lEupatoriumf Caly comyza artemisiae (Kalt.) L H elianthus strumosus L, Agromyzid sp. L Heliopsis scabrd Dun^l Phytontyza sp. L lHieraciuml Ophiomy ia puXicaria (Mg.) L lHypochoerisf Ophiomyia pulicaria (Mg.) L Lactuca cdnddensis L, P hytomyza lactuca Frost L lLeontodonl Ophiomyia pulicaria (Mg.) L Matricaria inodora L. Napomyza lateralis (Fall.) SB M. matricarioides (Less.) Porter M e lana gr omy zd mtftric drioid e s Sp. SB Matricaria sp. Phytomyza mq*icariae Hd' L Petasites vitif olius Greene Phytomyza petasiti Sp. L Prendnthes albd L. Agromyzid sp. L lSenecio lugens var. etcohdtus Caly cowyza majuscula Frick L Grayl Senecio sp. Phytomyza syngenesiae (Hardy) L Solid.ago caesia L. Ophiomyia maura (Mg.) L S. canadensis L. Ophiomyza maura (Mg.) L S. canadensis L. Nemorirnyza posticata (Mg.) L S. wanopbylla Pursh Calycomyza huweralis (Roser) L Solidago spp. Calycomyza solidaginis (Kalt.) L Solidago sp. Phytomyza solidaginivora Sp. L Sonchus sp. Calycomyza sonchi Sp. L lSonchus asper L.f Ophiomyia coniceps (Mall.) SM lSonchusl Ophiomyia pulicaria (Mg.) L lSonchusl Pbytoliriomyzd drcticd (Lund.) SM Tagetes erecta L. Agromyzid sp. L Tanacetum uulgare L. Phytomyza maticariae Hd. L Taraxacum sp, Opbiomyia pulicaria (Mg.) L Tararacum sp. Calycomyza sonchi Sp. L Taraxacum sp, Liriomyza taraxaci Her, L Taraxacum sp, Phytomyza lactuca Frost L lTaraxacum) Ophiomyia nasuta (MeL) SM Xanthiuzn pun gens W alt. Agromyzid sp. L Zinnia elegans Ja,cq. ?Phytomyza sp. L Cowvorvur,ecpap Ipomoea pmzdurata (L.) Calycomyza ipomaeae (Frost) L G. T. W. Meyer ConNacraB Cornus canadensis L, Phytomyza agromyzina Mg. L C. stolonifera Michx. Phytomyza agromyzi.na Mg. L CnucrpBner Arabis arenicola Gelert Liriom.yza brassicae (Riley) L Bertorea incma (L.) DC. ?Liriornyza brassicae (Riley) L lBrassica spp.f Phytomyzd rufipes Mg. SB Er5,5;n** asperurn (Nutt.) DC. Liriomyza brassicae (Riley) L L ep i dium d ensifl orurm Schrad. Liriomyza brassicae (Riley) L

Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Liriornyza brassic ae (Riley) L Raphanus sdtiL.vs L. Liriomy za brassic ae (Riley) L Eupnonnractao Euph orbia mar ginat a Ptrsh Agromyzid sp. L Facacnae Quercus spp. J apanagromy za airidula (Coq,) L Lesrarep

A gastach e nep etoid e s Schafer ? CaIy comyza nxenthae Sp. L A. nepetoides Schafer ?Phytomyza nepetae Hd L A. nepetoides Schafer ? Ophiomyia labiatarum Hen SM lCalaminthal Ophiomyia labiatarum Her. SM lGaleopsisl O p h i omy ia lab i atarum Her. SM lGaleopsisf Liriornyza eup,atorii (Kalt.) L Lycopus asper Greene Agromyzid sp. L Mentha araensis L. Calycomyza menthde Sp. L Monarda fistulosa L. Calycomyza menthde Sp. L Nepeta cataria L. Phytomyza nepetae Hd. L lNepetal Opbiomy ia labiatarunz Her. SM Stachys palustis L. Agromyzid sp. L lStachysf Ophiomy ia labiatantm Her. SM LpcularNosaB lBaptisia tinctori.a (L.) R. Br.l Liriomyza baptisiae (Frost) L Caragana pubescens Lam. Liriomyza ?fricki Sp. L Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook. Liriomyza fricki. Sp. L Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook, Phytomyza subtilis Sp. L Lupinus laxiflorus Dougl. Liriomyza ba.ptisiae (Frost) L L, sericeus Ptrsh Pby tomy za lupi.niuora Sehgal L L, sericeus Pvsh P hy tomy za lupi.ni Sehgal SB L, sericeus Pvsh Agromyzid sp. L lMedicago sativa L.) Liriomyza fricki Sp. L Melilorus aJbus Med. Liriomyza fricki Sp. L Phaseolus lunatus L. Liriomyza nif olii (Burg.) L lPisuml Liriomyza brassicae (Riley) L lTrif oliurn repens L.f Liriomyza trif olii (Burg.) L Trifolium repens L. Liriomyza fricki Sp. L Vicia americdna Mijrhl. Liriomyza fricki Sp. L V. cracca L, Liriomyza viciae Sp. L Marveceee Abhaea rosea Cav. Calycomyza abhaeae Sp. L Althaea rosea Cav. Melanagromyza sp. (Steyskal) SB OrnecBen Fraxinus sp. Phytobia sp. nr. betulivora Sp. Sts PapevBnacnep Pap'aver radicantm Rottb. ex DC. Phy tomyza parvicella (Coq.) PLeNtactNecBae Plantago major L. Phy tomyza plantaginis R.-D. L RanuNcur,ecnae Aconitonn sp. Phytomyza aconiti Hd. L Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd. Phytomyza ?actaeae Hd. L Anemone canadensis L. Phytomyzd canadensis Sp. L Anemone can:adensis L. Phytomyza sp. L

A. tmtbifida Poir. Phy tomyza atripalpis Ald. F A. patens L. Agromyzid sp. L Anemone sp. Phytomyza anemonivora Sp. F Aquilegia canadensis L. P hy tomy za aquile giana F rost L Aquile gia canadensis L. P. aquilegivora Sp" L Aquilegia sp. P. aquilegiophaga Sp. R Cahha palustris L. Phytonzyzd sp. (blotch) L Caltha palustris L. Phytomyza sp. (linear) L Clematis alpina (L.) Mill. Phytomyza sp. (?loetuii Hd.) L C. ligz.tsticif oiia Nutt. Phytomyza sp. L C. verticillarzi DC. Phytomyza clematiphaga Sp, L C. aerticillarzs DC. Phytomyza loeu.tii Hd. L Delphinhtm sp. P hy tomy za delphinivor a Sp. L lDelphiniuznl Phytomyza aconiti. Hd. L lRanunculus ab ortivtts L.f Phy tomyza daaisii (Walton) L R. septentrionali.s L. Phytomyzd sp. L Ranunculus sp. Liriomyza ranunculoides Sp. L Ranunculus sp. P hytomyza cineracea }{d. SM Ranuncalus sp. P h y tomy za ranunculi (Schrk.) L fRanunculusf Phytomyza evanescens Hd, SB lT h ali c trum c an ad ens el Phy tomyza plum)seta F rost L T h alictrum c onfine Mihl. P h'y tomyza plumiseta Frost L T. polygmrutm Mihl. P hy tomyza plumiseta Frost L T. aenulosam TreL P. tha:lictriaora Sp. L Rrsooacear Reseda odorsta L. Agromyzid sp. L Rosecnar Amelanchier canadensis (L.) P h y to bia amelanchieris Greene SB Medic. Antncus sylaestris Kostel. A grom,y za spirae oide arum Her. L lCommumf A grom.yza spiraeae Kalt, L lFilipendulal Agromyza spiraeae Kalt. L Fragaria spp. Agromy za fragariae Mall. L Geum riuale L. Agrornyza sp; L P otentilla norae gic a L. Agromyza sp. L lPotentillal Agromyza sulfuriceps Scr. L lPotentillal A gromy za spiraeae Kalt. L Prumts pennsylunica L. f . Agromyzid sp. L P. persica L. Phytomyza persicae Frick L P. uirginiana L. Agromyzid sp. L Rosa sp. Agromyza sp. L Rubus odordtus L. Agromyza sp. L lRubusl Agromyza spiraeae Kalt. L lRubusl A gr omy za sulf uric eps Stro67 L lSanguisorbal Agromyza spiraeae Kalt. L lSanguisorbal Agr omyza sulfuric eps Strobl L Spiraea alba L. Agromyza valdorensis Sp. L Rusracoae Galiwn boreale L. Praspedomyza galiiuora Sp. L G. triflora Michx. Praspedorny za ga:liiztora Sp. L Sarrcecpap. Populus balsamif era L. Agromyza populoides Sp. L P. dehoides Marsh. A. albitarsis M9 L

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 29+ MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA P. deltoides Marsh. A. poPuloides Sp. L X P. balsamifera A. populoides Sp. L P. deltoides L P. t retm.tl oi des Michx. A. albitarsis Mg. L P. tretm.tloides Michx. A" populoides Sp. P. *ichocarPa T. & G. A. albitarsis M9 L L lP. trichocarpaf A. populoides Sp. PoPuIus spp. P araphy tomyza populic ola (Walker; L ( G Populus spp. H exorny za schineri' Giraud) G Popalus sp. Hexomyza albicula SP' Salix bebbiana Sarg' Agrornyza sp. aer. PoPaloides SP. L populoides L lS. lasiandra Benth.l A. Sp. S. pyrif olia Anderson Agromyza sp. (nr. albitarsis Mg') L Salix spp. Hexotnyza albicula SP, G Saxmnecacnap PhiladelPhus coronarius L. Liriomyza PhiladelPhiaora SP. L Scnopnuranrecree F Chelone glabra L. Phytomyza chelonei SP. Phytowyza affi.nis Fall. F lEuPhrasial L MelarnPyrum lineare L' Agromyzid sp. Fall. F P edicularis ca:nadensiE L. P|ytomyza affinis SP' SB Pedicularis canadensis L' Phy towy za Pe dicularicaulis F groenlandica Retz. Phy totny za Pedicularidis SP' P. L Penstemon conf ertus Dougl. Fhytomyza Penstewonis SP. Phytomyza variPes Macq. F lRhinanthus) L V eronica scutellata L' Phytomyza sp. Sor,aNecpen Soianum tuberosum L. Liriomy za trif olii (Burg') TnopapoleceeE, Tropaeolum majusL. Liriomyzu brassicae (R11.) IJr,uacBer varifrons Coo, L I ae vi gata W illd. Agrowyza C elti s L C. occidentalis L. Agrowyza aarifrons Coq. L. A gromy za aristata Mzll. L UJmus atnericana L U. rubra MiJrhL A gr omy za aristat a Mall' UltscLLmBnaB L goP L' Phytomyza sp. Ae odium Podagr.aria L c anad ensis L. Phytornyza sp. Cry ptotaenia L Daucus carota L. Phytomyza sp' Michx' Phy tornyza sPondYlii R.-D. L H eracleum lanatum L H eracleum lanatum Michx. Phytomyza sp. (blotch) Michx.l Phytomyza lanati SP. L fH. Ianatum L Osworhiza longistylis (Torr.) Phy tonxYzd osmorhizae SP. DC. Pastinaca scftiaa L. Phytomyza sp. L L" Phytomyza sp' L Sanicula marilattdica L Siutm suat:e Walt. Phytomyza sp. (nr. P. sii Hg.) IJnrrcecBee Llrtica dioics L. M elanagr otny zd mdr tini SP' SB Urtica dioica L. Phy tomy za flaaic ornis F all' SB [J. gracilis y'.it. Agromyza reqtdns F^II. L SB U. gracilis A'ir.. Melanagromyzd wrfftini SP, SB U. gracilis Ait. P hy towy za fl'azsic ornis F all' Urtica spp. Agromyza Pseudoreqtdns Norv, L

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA COLLECTORS OF CANADIAN AGROMYZIDAE (initials not consistently used on data labels are included in parentheses) Adams, J. B. Handford, R. H. Miller, C. D. (F.) Ainslie, C. Hanson, G. F. Nliller, L. A. Aldrich, J. M. Hartley, J. B. Milne, L. J. Arnason, A. P. Heming, B. (S.) Mitchell, J. C. Atkinson, N. L. Hennigar, R. A. Moss, W. W. Baird, A. B. Hering, E. M. Munroe, E. G. Bigelow, N. K. Flerrmann, K. C. Ouellet, J. Bigelow, R. S. Hicks, S. D. Oliver, D. R. Birch, R. D. Hine, J. S. Peck, O. Bird, C. D. Hocking, B. Pepper, J. H. Blanchard, H. Hopping, R. Pilfrey, R. (J.) Brodie, M. J. Flowden, A. Putman, W. L. Brooks, A. R. flowden, FI. Richards, W. R. Brown, P. C. Fluckel, H. (J.) Robertson, H. A. Brown, W. J. Hurley, R. L. Ruhardt, R. Bucknell, E. R. Ide, F. (P.) Sattler, K. Carr, F. S. Jobin, L. J. Sehgal, V. K. Cashman, E. F. Jr-rdd, W. W. Shewell, G. E. Chillcott, J. G. Kelton, L. A. Shields, J. Chillcott, N. B. Kincaid, T. Skitsko, P. J. Cobb, D. IGng, K. M. Smith, L. K. Coyles, R. Krogerus, H. Spencer, G. J. Criddle, N. Lambert, R. Spencer, K. A. Curran, C. FI. Lattin, G. de Sterns, E. (E.) Dilabio, F. G. Leech, H. B. Stewart, K. Dittrich, D. Leech, R. E. Still, G. N. Douglas, C. R, LeRoux, E. J. Tonks, N. V. Dove, W. G. Lewis, G. (G.) Tothill, J. D. Downes, W. Loan, C. C. Valley, K. Dunstan, A. G. Lonsway, J. R. Vockeroth, -f. R, Ehrlich, P. R. McAlpine, J. F. Walley, G. S. Fin, C. E. MacDougall, E. E. Wallis, J. B. Fletcher, J. McDunnough, J. Whillans, D. P. Foote, B. A. McGillis, J. R. White, R. A{. Foxlee, H. R. Madge, R. (B.) Whitney, A. G. \I/hir-.-' a Freeman, T. Mann, C. Ftr. Garrett, C. B. D. Martin, J.E. H. Wilkinson, A. T. Gibbard, B. A. Mason, E. Wood, D. M. Gorham, R. P. A{ason, W'. R. (M.) Hammond, G. H. Matthewman, G.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv *1li AppENDTX A: ,"J"T;":;;::'"i:J;ilff i1"""' "*o""'"u Canadian species 1. Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) subangtlata (Malloch)' 1916 This is one of a group of closely related species and. there has been doubt abouc its rrue identity. I hive Jxamined tfre holotype from lllinois in the collection of rhc INHS and the'aedeagus is shown in Figs. Sh, S+2. This confirms that the species is distinct from any othirs known in Canada or the United States'

2. Calycomyza cynoglossi Frick, 1956 Frick (1956, p.295) recorded this species from a number of localities in canada' time The specimens I'hrrre examined all prove'd-to -represent other species and for the of being'ir musr be the sfecies doe.s n'ot occur in Canada. The aedeagus o"i"rvp. reared"*r-.Jrn* as a leaf-mine, 6n Cynoglossu'tn at Lafayette, In-diana' is shown in ii[." l+i.'-irrtrooeh,hir ir.tor. to other splcies such as C.'humeralis and c' menthde, ifr3r" ,r. s-"ll bo? distinctive differences ionfirming the6 cynoglossj is a good species.

3. Liriomyza f ehi (Malloch)' 1914 certainly This soecies was described from the American side of Niagara and almost also occuri in Canada. I have examined a topotypical paratype and the mesonotum, with the black area not quite reaching th" ,"lor.itl.,'t, ii sho*n in Fig' 544' The aedeagus is shown in Fig.o 545. Fror, (1924, p.43) discusses this species. The larva forms a blotch-mine in the ferns Catmptosorui rhiz::ophyllus and Aspteniutn pinnatifi'durn'.pupating in the leaf' Frick (1959) includes- felti in his key among the species with the mesonotum entirely daik. i feel it should be more irroperl/ placed with the gtgyP 9{ species haviny'the pre-scutellar area yellow and it ii included in the key to Canadian Liriomyza species in couplet 11.

4. Phytomyza heracleiphaga sp. n. (Fig. 546) Aourr. Described in detail, as Phytomyza lanati (Spencer 1966h, pp. 108-110), the essential characters being as follows: darkening- of the orbits; 1 strong the Frons and jo-t, or""r!"-vellorv, u-ith slight-segments .ors, upper sreatlv reduced o.-i"?t ilgr all antennal blaikl mesonotum mat' blackish-gray, .,.ifi'r:;;;tf.grrr.fy-i" + t.*ri'tt"topt.ora )arfiely.black but yellow along,,"p1:l- "notopieural T::g]:: humerus and area generally dark but variable. sometimes To.., y:|:ttltll-1"T:i: ^yellowish, and costal ratro ttr.t r"itf-r knees riore diitinctly- so on fore-legs; r.ving iength (second to fourth section) in 8 specimens as follows: $ 2.6 mm 50: 10 ? 3.1 mm 50:12 3.2 mm 60 : 15 2.7 mm 50 : 12 2.8 mm 52 : 13 2.7 mm 48: 72 J.l mm 50:72 2.7 mm 54: 13 l.{.q.r.p Gnr,{rrerr.t. Aedeagus as in Fig.546, bristles adioining arms of basiphallus-re-duced to 2 on far side or entirelv laciing, chitinlzation of arms of hypophallus interrupted below' Hosr-praNr/Brorocy. Heracleuln lanatunt, larva forming uPPer surface linear mine, with frass in widely-spaced black lumps, described in detail by Tauber and Tauber (1968). Typrs. Holotype 6, califomia, Berkeley Hills, Strawberry canyon, em, 23 |tlay tfO+r-91\ir-- 1964 ex Heracleum'lanoto'*; ParatyPes: 26 6,59 9,27 March to 23 May wise same data (all Tauber and fbschi). Holotype and three paratypes in USNN{' four paratypes in author's collection. Drecxosrs. P. heracleiphdgd very closely resembles the Flolarctic.species spondy.lii R.-D. but it is substantially-lar[er, with virtually no overlapping in wing length. The

~~~~543~~~~

~~~~i :i,'r'i\ ... .ri!.0~~~~

Frcs. 541-542, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) subangulata: 541, sketch of aedeagus, side view; 542, distiphallus, ventral view. Frc. 543, Calycomyza cynoglossl: aedeagus,- Frcs. 54,t-545, Liriomyza febi: 544, mesonotum; 545, aedeagus. Frc. 546, Phytomyza heracleiphagd: aedeagus.

male genitalia are of the same general form but there are fewer bristles between the arms oJ the basiphallus, and the arms of the hypophallus are always interrupted ventrallv. _ Hering lz Spencer (1968, p.325) considered that rhe frass is deposired in larger lumps and at wider intervals in the leaf-mines of heracleiphaga than in the otherwise similar mines of spondylii.

5. Phytomyza mimtscula Goureau, 1851 The aedeagus of a specimen from England is shown in Fig. 547. This is entirely distinct from that of P. aquilegiaora (Fig.401), with which it has been confused in American literature.

~~6. Phytomyza novinkyi Hering, 1958 The aedeagus of this species (Fig. 5a8) feeding as a stem-miner on Clematis in Europe is clearly closely related to P. clematidophoeta (Figs. 416, 417). The dif-~~

~~~~547 548~~~~

~~~~\s $ s4g "'- 550~~~~

~~~~,.,:t.~~~~

~~~~551 552~~~~

Frc. 5,17, Phytomyza ninuscula: aedeagus. FIc. 548, P. noaitzkyi: aedeagus. Frc. 549, P. sii: aedeagus. Frc. 550, Phytomyza sp. nov. on Cletnatis coluntbitna. Frcs. 551-552, Selachops flaaoiincta: 551, aedeagus, side vierv; 552, distiphallus, r-entral view.

~~~~ferences in the adults between the two species are more obvious in this case, chan in the genitalia which, as it will be secn, rre slight.~~~~

~~~~7. Phytowyza sp. (Siutn) Leaf-mines on Sium suaue fornd at Val d'Or, Que., 22 JuJy 1967 (K.A.S.) probably represent P. sll Hering, 7930a. This species has a distinctive puparium, with greatly~~~~

enlarged posterior spiracles. The aedeagus of a specimen from Germany is shown in Fig. 549. P. sii is certainly distinct from P. spondylii *td P. heracleiphaga bur it will be seen that the differences in the genitalia are slight.

8. Phytomyza sp. (Clenutis) A single male, among the series of P. clematiphaga (Fig. 420) , reared from Clqmatis columbiana, U.S.A., Montana, 15 mi NE. of Polson, 26 luly 1967 (Susan Whitney), is distinct and the aedeagus is shown in Fig. 550. It is felr that the formal description should be delayed until additional material is available and the life history can be further clarified.

~~~~9. Selachops flaaocincta Wahlberg ("f. pp. 12-13) The aedeagus of a specimen from Dachau, Germany, is shown in Figs. 557, 552.~~~~

APPENDIX B: North American species not recorded in Canada This list excludes species of specifically Neotropical distribution which occur in the United States only in the extreme south. Cross-references are given for species discussed in this paper and some other papers are also referred to. For details bf all other references iee Frick (Lgig). European names considered as doubtful are marked with an asterisk.

~~~~Gnxus Agrornyza A. barberi Frick (1952) A. pallidiseta Malloch (1924) A. isolata Malloch (1913) (see p. 60) A. rutiliceps Melander (1913)~~~~

Gnxus Melanagrontyza M. angelicae (Frost 1934) M. subvirens (Malloch 1915) M. burgessi (Malloch tgtl) M. tamia (Melander 1913) M. diantherae (Malloch 1920) M. tiliae (Couden 1908) = ?Hexomyza M. gibsoni (Malloch 1915) M. viridis (Frost 1931) (cf. Spencer M. riparella (Hendel L921) (cf . Spencer 1966d, p. 15) 1966d, p. 14) M. winnemanae (Malloch 1913) M. similata (Malloch 1918)

~~~~Gnxus Ophiomyia O. congregata (Malloch 1913) O. texana (Malloch 1913) O. lantanae (Froggan 1919) (cf. Spencer O. vibrissaca (Malloch 1913) 1963c, p. 328)~~~~

~~~~Grxus Phytobia P. indecora (Malloch 1918) P. pruinosa (Coquillett 1902) P. picta (Coquillert 1902) P. pruni (Grossenbacher 1915)~~~~

~~~~Gnxus Cerodontha xDizygomyza ireos (Robineau-Desvoidy Poemyza. subangulata (Malloch 1916) r8l) (see p. 297) "D. iridis (Hendel 1927) Xenop6ytomyza illinoensis (Malloch r934)~~~~

~~~~Gnxus TrilobomYza T. calyptrata (Hendel 1923) T. varia (Melander 1913)~~~~

~~~~GBxus CalycornYza C. allecta (Melander 1913) C. iucunda (van der.Wulp 1867) C. ambrosiae (Frick 1956) C' malvae (Bu-lgess 1880) C. cynoglossi ifr;.t< 1956) (see p.297) C. verbenae (Hering 1951)~~~~

GBxus Liriomyza L. allia (Frost 1943) L. langei (Frick 1951) (see-p._187) L. alliovora Frick (1955) L. munda (Frick 1957) (cf' SPencer L. assimilis (Malloch 1918) (see p. 184) 1965a, p. 36) L, chlamydata (Melander 1913) (see L. phaseolunata (Frost 1943) p. 186) L. pictelia (Thomson 1868) L.- deceptiva (Malloch 1918) (cf. Spencer 1965a, p. 36; 1966d, p. 19) I. discalis (Malloch 1913) L. proDepusilla (Frost 1943) L. felti (Malloch 1914) (see p.297) L. ur.irt" (Malloch 1913) L. flavonigra (Coquillett tO02) L. verbenicola (Hering i951)

~~~~Gnxus Haplornyza H. minuta (Frost 1924) H. palliata (Coquillett tl02)~~~~

~~~~Grxus PhytoliriomYza P. conjunctimontis (Frick 1952) (cf. Spencer 1965c, p. 662)~~~~

Gntus Phytomyza "P. albiceps Meigen (1830) !. genalis Melander .\y^13) marginalis Frost P. angelicella Frost (1927) P. ,(192.7) P. auiicornis Frost (1927) P. melanella Frost (1924) p. bicolor Coquilleti (teOZ) P. nervosa Loew (1869) (see p. 256) clemativor" Coqoiilett (1910) (see P. nigrinervi: (1?24) P. ' *P' Yg:: p. 238) nigripennis Fall6n^(1823) *P.'crassiseta Zetterstedt (1860) P. trivittata Frost (1924) P. flavinervis Frost (1924)

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 302 MEr{oIRS oF THE ENTotroLocIcAL socIETY oF cANADA REFERENCES Aldriclr, J. M. 1918. Seasonal and climatic variation in Cerodontha, Ann. ent. Soc. Am. ll: 63-66. 1929. Three nerv acalyptrate Diptera. Proc. ent. Soc. lVash" 3I(5): 89 91' Barnes, H. F. 7937. The asparagus miner (Melanagromyza sintplex H. Loeu') (Agro- nrlzidae; Diptera). Ann. appl. Ent.24 571-588. Becker, T. 7902. Die l{eigen'schen lfypen der sogen. Muscidae acalypterae (l'Iuscaria holometopa) in Paris und Wien. Z. f . Hyru. u. Dipt. 6: 337-345. Braschnikor., W. C. 1897. Zur Biologie und Svstematik einiger Arten minierender Dipteren. Izv. ntosk. sel'.-khoz Inst. 3: 1943. Brisclrke, C. G. A. 1881. Die Blattminirer in Danzig's Umgebung. Schr.naturf . Ges. Danzig 5: 233-29O. Burgess, E. 1880. The clover Oscinis (Oscitzis trifaliiBvgess n" sp"). Rep. U.S. Dep. Agric. for 1879, pp. 200-201. Chanel , R. \,V. 19+7. Tertiary centers and migration routes. Ecol. Monogr. 17: 139-148. Chittenden, F. H. 1911. The asparagus miner. U.S. Dep. Agric. Circ. 135. Claassen, P. lV. 1918. Observations on the life history and biology of Agronzyza laterella Zettcrstedt (Diptera). Ann. ettt. Soc. Ant. ll: 9-18. Coquillett, D. W. 1898. On the habits of the Oscinidae and Agromyzidae, reared at the United States l)epartment of Agriculture. B'ull. U.S. Dep. Agric. lO: 7V79. 1902. Ner.v acalyptrate Diptera from North America. Il N.Y. el1t. Soc.lO: 177-'191, 1910. Ner,v genera and species of North American Diptera. Proc. ent. Soc. lVaslt' 12: 724-131. Curran, C. FL 1931a. Twelve nerv Diptera. Am. ,l,Ius. Novit. 492. 19110. Four neu- Diptera in the Canadian National Collection. Can. Ent.53: 9l-98. Curtis, J. 1816. The holly leaf-fly (.Phytotnyza ilicis'). Gdnrs' Clsron. 1816: 444. Czernt, L,, and G. Strobl. 1909. Spanische Diptercn 1ll. Beitr. I{tiserlichkoeniglichen zool.- bot. Ges., Verzeiclttis 59: 121-301. Enderlein, G. 7936a. Zu'eifliigler, Diptera. 1ze Brohmer et al., Tierrelt Mitteleur. 6 (Lief. 2, Insekten, 3), 179-183. 19360. Notizen zur I(lassifikation der Asromvziden. Mitt. dt. ent' Ges. 7: +2. Fallin, C. F. 1810. Spccinren entomologicum .ro.-rr- bip,.ta disponendi metlrodum exhibens, Lund. 18234. Agromr-zides sueciae. Diptera suecica 2(37): 1-10. 1823&. Phvtomyzides ct Ochtidiae sueciae. Diptera suecica 2(41): 1-10. Flint, R. F. 1947. Glacial geology and the Pleistocene Epoch. New York and London. Fre1., R. 19,11. Diptera. Enurn. Insect. Fenn. Suec. 6: 7-63. 1946. Anteckningar orn Finlands agromyzidcr. Not. ent. 26: 73'55. Fricl<, K. E. 1952. A generic revision of the family .Agromvzidae (Diptera) rvith a catalogue of Ner.v World species. Unia. Calif . Publs ent. B: 339452. 1951. Some additions and corrections to the species list of North American Agromy-zidae (Diptera). Can. Ent. 85: 68-76. 1954. Three Norrh American Pl-rytomyza species closely related to P. nigritella Zetterstedt (Agromyzidae: Diptera). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 47: 367-374. 1956. Reiision of the North American Calvcomvza species north of Mexico (Phytobia: Agromvzidae, Diptera). Ann. e'ttt. Soc. Azrt. 49: 284-300. 1957. Nomenclatural chanses and tvpe designations of some Ner.v World Agro- rrrrzidae (Diptera/. ilrid. 50: 198-205. 1959. Synopsis of the species of Agromvzid leaf-miners described from North Amcrica (Diptera). Proc. U.S. ntfi. Mus.IOB: 317465. Frost, S. W. 192+. A study of the leaf-mining Diptera of North America. Mern. Cornell Unia. Agric. Exp. Stn, No. 78. 1928. Notes on Phytomvza t'ith a description of a new species (Diptera), Can. Etx. 6O: 77. 1930. The leaf-miners of Aquilegia, rvith a description of a new species. Ann. ent. Soc. Ant.23: 157-160 193Ia' Nerv North American AgromYzidae (Dipt')' can' Ent' 63: 275-277' 19310. Nerv species of West Indian Agromvzidae. Ent. Neus 42: 72-76. 1943. Three new species of Diptera related to Agrontyza pusilla Nleig. Jl N.Y. ent. Sac. 5l: 253-263.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv Geigenmii,,er, M ;:::.',*.3:ffTJ;;:: ..' Mi,n",ni"s" A::' myza megalopsls',,,. Hering an Gerste. Anz. Schiidlingsk. 392 5740. Giraud, p. iSet, F*g-"its entomologiques. Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien ll: 447494, Goureau, C. C. 1851.-M6moire pour.?.i'lr I I'histoire des Diptdres dont les larves minent les feuilles des olantes. Annls Soc. ent. Fr. (2)9: 131-176. Greene, C. C. tqt+. The cambium miner in river birch. !. agri.c. Res. I(6):47147*. 1917. Two nev' cambium miners (Diptera). ibid. lO(6): 313-317' Griffiths, G. C. D. 1959. A new species of Phytorryrd rle'.r Pltytomyza affinis Fell6n. Entomologist's Gaz. lO: 101-106. 1g61. A revision of. the nigriper group of the genus Agromyza (Diptera, Agro- myzidae). Tijdschr. Ent. lO6: 113*168. 1g64. The agromyzid fauna of Iceland and the Faroes, with appendices on the Phytomyza milii aid robustella groups. Ent. fuIeddr 322 393450' 196i. The Agromyzidae l"Diprira) of Greenland. Meddr Grlnland l7O(4): l-32. 1967. Revisio"n of'the Ph,ytimyza syngeneside grouP (Diptera: Agromyzidae), in- -.' cluding species hirherto known as "Ph1 tomyza atricornis Meigen"' Stuttg. Beitr. NaturQ. 177: l-28. 1968a. Further notes on Icelandic Agromyzidae (Dipt'). Opusc. ent' 33: 129-138' 1968b. Asromvzidae (Diptera) frorn'Irednd' Proc. R. lr. Acad' 67' B(2): 37-61' (N'F')4: Groschke, F. tsszl A{lszellen iiber Blattminen und - minierer III. Dr' ent' Z' 1r3-13+. 42: Grossenbacher, J. G, 1915. Medullary sPots and their cause, Bull' Torrey bot' Club 227-239. Hardy, J. 1849. On the primrose-leaf miner; with notice of a pr99os9d new-genus, and .'h"i".t..r of three speiies of Diptera. Ann. Mag. ndt. Hist. (2) 4(24): 385-192. (Dipt.). Ent' fuIitt.3: 73. Hendel, F. 1914. Namenslnderungin"Agromyziden 1920. Die paldarktischen (Prodromus einer Monographie): Arch, Nattrrse$h. A B4(7): 109-174. tSzi. Blattminierende Fliegen (Musciden). Wien' ent' Ztg 39: 65-72' 7923d. Bl^ttminierende Fliegen. Dt. ent. Z' 386400' 1921b. Neue europaische Melanagromyza-Arten. I(onoztsi.a 2: 742-145. 1927. Beitrdg" ,oi Syst"-"tik dei Agromyziden, Zool. Anz' 69: 248-271' 1931-36. Agiomyzidae. ln Lindnet, Fliegen paldark' Reg' 59: 1-570' Hennig, W. 1958. bie familien der Diptera Schizophora und ihre phylogenetischen Ver- windtschaftsbeziehunsen. B eitr. Ent. 8: 505-688. 1965. Die Acalyptratae des Baltischen Bernsteins. ibid. 145: 1-215' Hering, E. M. 1927a. Eiftrd,ge zur Kenntnis der Oekologie und Systematik blattminierender In-sekten. Minenstudien ilIt. Z. angeu' Ent' l3: 156-198. 1927b. Zweiflrigler oder Diptera. I. Agromyzidae. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 6: 1 111 19i0a. Beitrdge zur Kenntnis der Okologie und Systematik blattminierender Insekten (Minenstudien X.). Z. angew. Ent. 17: 431471. 1930&. Eine Agromyziden-Mine aus dem Tertidr. Dt. ent. Z' 1910: 634. 1934. Minenstuiien'14. Z. PflKrankh. 44: 49-70' 1937. Die Blattminen Mittel- und Nord-Europas einschliesslich Englands. Feller, Neubrandenburg. 1949. Die-Phytomyza-Arten von Pedicularis (Dipt. Agromyz')' Entomon 1(8): 182-181. 1g51. Neue paldarktische und nearkrische Agromyziden (Dipt.), Notul. ent' 31, 3145. 1954. Die Larven der Agromyziden (Diptera). I. Tijdschr. Ent. 97: 115-136. 1956. Die Larven der Agromyziden (Diptera). II. ibid. 98: 257-281' 1957. Bestimmungstabellin der Blattminen von Europa. 3: 1-86. 's-Gravenhage. 1958. Stenselbewohnende Larven in Clematis recta L. Dt. ent. Z. (N.F.)5: 72-78. tg-OZ. New North American Diptera. Can. Ent. 240-2+2' Johnson, C. W. -34:

(A). Kaltenbach, J. H. 1856. Die deutschen PhytoPhagen aus der Klasse der Insekten Verh. naturh. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. 13: 165-265. 1859. Die deutschen Phytophagen aus der Klasse der Insekten (c). ibid. 16: 216-299.

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7962a, Some Agromyzidae (Diptera) from New Guinea, Melanesia and Polynesia. Paci.f .Insects 4(J): 651460. 1962&. Notes on the Oriental Agromyzidrc (Diptera) f. ibid. 4(3): 661480. 1963a. Notes on the Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Madagascar- l. Proc. R. ent' Sac, Lond. B 32(7-8): 714-716. - 7963b. Diptera: Agromyzidae, Insects Micronesia l4(5): 135-162. 7963c. A, synopsis of the Neotropical Agromyzidrc. Trans. R, ent. Soc. Lond' ll5(12): 297-389. 1963d. The Australian Agromyzidae (Diptera, Insecta)" Rec. Aust. Mus. 25(15)t 305-354. 1963e. Notes on the African Agromyzidae (Diptera) 4, I. ent. Sac. S. Afr. 26(l):94-124. - 1964a. A. revision of the palaearctic species of the genus Ophi.omyia Braschnikov (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Beitr. Ent. l4(7/8): 773-822. 1964&. Notes on the African Agromyzidae (Diptera) J. Dt. ent. Z.N'F'll(l/2): t54r. - 1965a. A clarification of the status of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) and some related species. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash, 67(1): J240. 1965&. Agromyzidte, in Diptera from Nepal. Bull. Br. Atus. nat. Hist. Ent. 16(l): 25-31. 1965c. The genus Phytoliriomyzt Hendel (Agromyzidae Diptera): A clarification of the four European species, with a list of eight other species now known in the genus. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 13 (vii) : 657463. 1965d. A clarification of Fall6n's types of Agromyzidae in Stockholm and Lund. Ent. Tidskr. 86: 249_259. 1965e. Notes on the African Agromyzidae 6. I.ent. Soc. S. Afr.28: 233-276. 1965f. Notes on the Agromyzidae (Diptera)- of the Canary Islands. Stuttg. Beitr, Naturk. 140: l-5. - . 19659. Notes on the Oriental Agromyzidae (Diptera) 2. Agromyzidae from the Philippines. Ent. Meddr 34: i-9. - 1965h. 'the species-host relationship in the Agromyzidae (Diptera) as an aid to taxonomy, Proc.12th int, Congr. Ent. (London 1964), Vol, f, p, 101, 1966a. Notes on the Oriental Agromyzidae 4, Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. 147: l-15, 1966b. A revision of European species of the- genera Melanagromyza Hendel and Hexomyza Enderlein, with a supplement on the genus Ophiomyia Braschnikov. Beitr. Ent. 16: 340. 1966c. Notes on European Agromyzidae l. Beit. Ent. 16: 28t-309. 1966d. New and interesting Agromyzidae- from Florida. Stuttg. Beitr. Naturk. l58z 1-20. 1966e. Notes on the Neotropical Agromyzidae 1. Papdis Dep. Zool. S, Paulo 19: 141-150. - 1966f. Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the Bismarck Archipelago. Ent. Medilr 34; 489-520. 19669. Some Agromyzidae from Sicily" Entomalogist" mon. Mdg. l0l: 172-177, 1966h. L new Phytomyza species from Californit. Pan-Pacif. Ent. 42: 108-110. 1966i. L clarification of the genus Napomyza Westwood (Diptera, Agromyzidae). Proc. R. ent. Sac. Lond. (B) 35: 2940. 1967. Some Agromyzidae (Diptera) from Morocco, Entomologist's mon, Mag, I03: 126-130. 1968. Ed. Erich M. Flerine: Briefe iiber Blattminierer. Letters on Ieaf miners. pp. l-450, Dr. W. Junk, The Ha[ue. Notes on the European Agromyzidae (Diptera) 2, Beitr. Ent. (In press.) Stegmaier, C. E. 1966, Host plants and parasites of Liriomyza- tifolii in Florida (Diptera: Agromyzidae) . Fla Ent. 49: 75-80. 1967a. Notes on the biology and distribution of Florida leaf-mining flies of the genus Phytobil- Lioy, subgenus eilycomyzt Hendel. ibid. 50: 13-26. 1967&. Notes on new host plant records and parasites of Li.riomyza sorosis in Florida (Diptera: Agromyzidae). ibid. 50: 133-136. .7967_c. F"{ plants of Liriomyza brassicae, with records of their parasites from South Florida (Diptera: Agromyzidae). ibid. 5A: 257-261. -,

Strobl, G. 1898. Die Dipteren von Steiermark IV. Theil, Nachtrdge. Mitt. ndturzu. Ver. Steierm. 34: 192-298. 1909. Neue ijsterreichische Muscidae Acalyptratae. I[. Wien ent. Ztg 28 283-301. Tauber, J. M., and C. A. Tauber. 1966. Behavior'and cyclic activity_ass3ciated-with p,up_a- tion bf Phytomyza lanati Spencer (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Can. I. Zool. 44: 793-798. 1968. 'Biol6gy and leaf-mining behavioui of'Phytomyza lanati (Diptera: Agro- myzidae). Can. Ent. IOO: 341-357" Thompson, M. T. 1g07, Three galls made by cyclorraphous flies.. Psyche, camb,14: 7l-74, Van dyke, E. C. 1940. The orrtin and distribution of the coleopterous insect fauna of North Americx Proc. Si.xth Paci.f. Sci. Congr., Vol. 4, pp. 255-268. Walker, F, 185J. Insecta Britannica. Diptera, Vol, 2, pp.24U2+7. London. Walton, W. R. 1912. New North American Diptera' Ent' Netus 23: 463. Watt, M. N. 1924. The leaf-mining insects of New Zealand: 5. Trans. Proc. Ne1! Zesland Inst. 55: 67M87. Westwood, J. O. 1840. An introduction to the modern classification of insects. II. Synopsis of the Genera of British Insects. London. Williston, S. W. 1896. On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Trans. ent. Soc. Lond.1896: 253-449. Zetterstedt, J. W. 1848. Diptera Scandinaviae, Vol. 7, pp. 2728-2844. Lund.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv 308 MEMOIRS OF THE ENTOr\4OLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA INDEX (Names inset represent synonyms. For plants, see F{ost List, p. 287)

Page Page aberrqns, Ophiomltia 10 Butomomyza ...... 1i0, 7f3, 716, 717 abnormalis, Amavromyza ...... 20, 158 butomomy zina, C ercdonlha (Dizy gomy za) 110, 115 aceris, Phytobia ...... 107 oconiti, Pltytomyza .... 21,27,223, 238 calamagrostidis, C erodontha (Poemy za) actaeqe, Phytomyza .. -...... , .. . . . 284 ad.mirabilis, Lemurimyza ...,.. 18, 193 c ot o i o C e rl o, d o n i h ( I t", o y aenea, Melanagromyzq . .. .. 70 - o, o i rSo' .:'.1' "r3: itr1 . .. 24, calthae, Phytomyza " . . 284 aeneonilens, . 85 ...... Ophiomyia .,. .,,. 24, 144f. aeneoyentris, 64 Calycomyza ...... L7, Melanagromyza Agromyza 24, 29, 39f, 41, 62 affinalis, Phytomyzq ...... 225, 229, 247, 253 canadensis, .....,.. affinis, PhytomJ)zq 21, 225f, 243,264 canadensis, Phytomyza 24, 23lt ...,...... capitata, Cerodonthq (Icteromyza) ...... 20, 138 Agromyza . . .. . 10, 14, 75, 27, 29t, 771 caprifoliae, Phytomyza ... 218, 233,240 agromyzina, Phylomyza ...... 21, 226 (Dizygomyza) alaskae, 64, 65, caricitora, Cerodonlha ...... 176 Melanagromyza 26, 78 . 24, 80f alaskensis, L63, 166 cecidogena, Hexomyza ...... Liriomyza cepae, Cephalomyza ...... 757, 163 albertensis, Agromy.zq .... 32 .... qlbicula, Hexomyza .... 24,79f Cephalomyza ...... 27, 157 albipennis, . 50 Cerodontha ...... 9, 74, 17,27,22, l09f Agromyza .. 79, 29, 32f, (Cerodonlha\ L42 albitarsis, Agromt,za 62 Cerodontha ...... 79, 30, 34t, 41, 52, chqixiana, Cerodonthq (Dkygomyza) 20, 110, 115 allecta, Calycomyzq ...... L45, 75?' qlnibetulae, AgrotnyzQ chelonei, Phytomyza ...... 234 chillcotti, 30, 4L althqeae, Calycoml,za . 25, 745, 146 Agromyza ...... chlamydala, Liriomyza . .. . 186 Amauromyza . 10,27, ll7, l57f Chloropidae 72 antbigua, Agromrzq . 19,32,35, 36, 45 antbrosbora, iiurin'iuii'ts, Cerodontha

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.76, on 28 Sep 2021 at 04:45:28, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10164fv SPENCER: AGROMYZIDAE OF CANADA AND ALASKA 309 Page Page lacilis, Agromyza ...... 29, 42, 45 karli, Amauromvza " ' 20' 22, 23, l'SEf' 'lastosa, Ivielaiagromyza . .'.' Al', eg kenti' Liriom)'za ' 176 lelti, Liriomy:a . :.:... . tas, ]f,o,'zgl kincaidi' Agiomvza : 45 Agromyza . .. . +t kingsmireniis, Ophiomyia ' E7, 90'-93- 'lerruginosa, 279 les'tiva, Napimyza ...... 21O krygeri, Phytomyzo " ' " " flaveola, Liriomyza ...... l'13 flaveola,Phytomyza..-.. ?ll hbiatarum, Ophiomyia ...... 19,87f flaviantennata, Praspedomyza ...... r, _.- l?? 1i-Uiiioi"niit,'Ceroiontha (Dkygomys) . 9, l2O flaticornis, Phytomyzo ...... rr _, ?!,?t0^, ?7-? ii"ii'O2i"ir,-'ptiudonopomyzi .::...... tp', flafi|rons'Trilobomyza''''..2o'2|'27'|60,16|iaituia,Phytonyza.'... ?!9 , l!1- flayinotum,,Calycomy.za 'hmii,hetifica, Itielana{omyza ...... 68 flayipes, Mebp:oryyza...... ,- !29 Amauroiyzq ...,...... 15'1,285 fl av oci nc ta, S elac ho p s- 'flatocingulata,_,Ceydgythp- hngei, Liiiomy'zd ...... :...... L87 ... 20,2r,24,25,26,7rL,7r3,L17, 1!2,?92 iiiSiiii{z",:i'a^tha (poem.y,za).,....., zo,i31 flavohumeralis,. Phytobia .. .. 106, 107 1;t;r;1;-t', U"io,iizi .. . tA, ZO, 217, 212, 214', 21,5 fl-ayonigrq, Liriomyza 11! lathyri,'Agrimyi" ...... 60 flayonotata,Metopomyza . l:: laut\,'Melanagromyza. ..-...... 70,73 Metopomyza ...... 30, 4l flaroscutellaris, .. ;- ]?I leechi, Agromlza'...... fl.oresensis, Cerodontha (Icleromyzq) . .... )^5: 1.2 Lemurinriza ...... 18, 27, 763, L93, 201 fragqriqe, Agrom-yzq_ .._.:.,...... ,.. ll, JU, {rt kthe, pliytomyza 72 lrankensis, Cerodontha (Qizteomtza) ,^ -'limq, Liiiomiza ...... 176 ...... 24, 2s, 11r, r13' !!1^, 1\? ii;"ai", ciriao,"tn" (rcteroiyza) .... r4o, L42 I.ricki, Lirio,myza ...... , L75,79O,797 Liriomyza- lumicosta, Lemurimyza .:...... 794 - :.- 70, 73, 74, L5, 77,27, 157, L63, 798, 2Ol lusci|rons,Cerodontha(Icteromyza\bewii,Phytomy2o..'.'.. tuscuita, phytoiyz; ...... 2i.;iiJ,';li,'ii;,'ili f,i,E1!iixJl;,,f1"::::l;",('l*.'.".-!::.)... .!17: i39 206t gatiivora, praspedomyza . 20, 7s8, -gelida, .. rs.s ,"',",:;i:i'"":[it:*:b!{ili< iliiiriii^r,o- Phytoniyza ...... 26, 243 ..'..:... 20, 2O5t geniculata, Cerodontha (.Icteromyza) ... 137, 139 lonicerella, Phytomyza .... 218 genualis, Cerodontha (Icteromyza) . __- ]]q tucida, Agromyzq ...... -.... L9,47t gibbardi, Cerodontha (Dizygomyzq) . 1lq, 11? luctuosq, eeroiontha (Dizygomyzq) gigantea, Cqlycomyza 25.149 ...... ,..'.-20. I10.120t,124,127 gigantissima, Cqlycomyza . l1,,Vt lupini, Phytomyza ...... 225, 25L gigas-, Ph!'tob-ia, goodeniae, Ophiomyia. r .. ._. . . :. _ql tuiea, Liriomyza .... L63, 166 gracilis, Cerodontha (Cerodontho)-....r...^...^.!t2 luteiieps, Amquromyzq ...... 157,159 gregaria, Phytomyza ...... 219, 234, 243, 249, 265 tuteosiuiellata, pariphytomyza . ZO, 206f gymnosporivora, Hexomyza I1 10, 157, 159 Haplomyza .....200f maculosa, AmauromYza . ' . . .. 170f madizina, OphiomYia ...... 91 iawaiiensis, Liriomyza .. .. . (Dizygomyza) hebronensis, Phylomyza ...... 245 magnicornis, Cerodonlha hendeli, Phytomyza ...... 24, 233 . 20, lzl,723 hendeliana,Paraphytomyza ..... 205 major, Pi.y:tomyza ...... 253 heracleana, Phytomyza ...... 275, 284 mqiuscula, Calyconryza ...... 149, 150 heracleiphaga, Phytomyza ....,... 250f, 2751?91:f malvqe, Cqlycomyza ...., ...... 146 heterothecae, Melanagromy,za 76,78 marcida, Calycomyza ..... r52, r53 L7,79 marsinqlis, Liriom) zq ,...... 187 Hexotnyza ... (PoemYza) hilarella, Pteridomyza ...... 20, 20O marginata, Cercdonthd ...... r32t ...... 121 murmorensis, Agromyza ...... 39,48 hirtae, Cerodonlha \Dizygomyza) .. .. 24,64,70 hirticeps, Cerodonthq (Icteromyza) . 142 martini, Melanagromyza hirticornis, Napom1,24 Zl7 mqsculina, Agromyza ...... 30,48,56 hockingi, Agromyza .. ... 29, 42, 44f, 50 masoni, Agromyzt ...... 50 holti, Liriontyzq ...... 776 matricariae, Phytomyza .. . 21,219,254 humeralis, Calycomyza matricarioides, Melanagromyza ...... 64, 72,'13 . 71, 20,23, 25, 145, 1491, 15s, 297 maurq, Ophionryia .... L9, 81' 83, 87, 89f, 2q, lgl humilis, Phytomy.za ...... 24, 2L9, 245f, 249, 272 melampyfa" Liriomyza 20, L'70, 178, 791' Melanagromyza ...... 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 77, 64, 93, 9s Icteromyza ...... ilicicolq, Phytomyza melandryi, Ophiomyia 96 ilicis, Phytomyza . 27,27,218, 246 mentha6, Calycomyza 152t,297 itlusiris, ?hyimyza ...... '.. 26, 218, 225, 247 merulq, Phytomyza ...... 254 imrnaculata, Phytoliriomyza ...... 202 Metopomyza...... 195f immanis, Nqpomyzq ...... 212, 214 miki,'Lemurimyza ...... 194 inrmerirc, Napomyza ,.. 2t2 Milichiidae 13 impqlientis, Liriomyza ...... 20, 778 milii, Phytomyzq . . . .. 21, 255 183, 188 imperlecta, Phytoliriontyza ...... 200, 203 millelolii, Liriomyza ...... 9, 10, 17E, incisa, Cerodonthq (Poemyza) mimula, Napomyza ...... 2l4t minuscula, Phytomyza ..... 24,229f, 29E i,conipic,uo,ielodonrhae":: j,rL\o'.:?":;',it',itrt miranda Melqnagromyza . ... 68, 72, 75 indecorq, Phytobia 105 mirqndq, Phytonlyza 240, 255f inlelix, Phytomyzq ...... 26, 219, 246, 247, 272 misella, Phytomyza ...... 26,256 inlirmata, Amauromyza 159 mitis, Liriomyza ...... 170 inornqta, Melanagromyza ...... 6E, 75 mobilis, Agronryza ...... 37, 45 interlronlalis, Metopomyzq ... 196,198 modesta, Melanagromyza .,...... 72 involucratqe, Phytomyza .. 219, 249, 255 modice, Phytomyza ...... 236, 256, 274 ipomqeqe, Cqlycomyza .. . . 26, 745, 146, 150, 153 monfalconensis, Amaulomyza ... . 757 ireos, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) ...... 24, 110 (Dizygomyza) montana, Liriomyza .,....179 iridis, Cerodontha ...... LlO, 124 85,90 isolqta, Agromyza ...... 60 monticola, Ophiomyia morio, Praspedomyzq ...... -...... 199 Japanagromyza 9, t0,75, 62f morosa, Cerodontha (Di'zygomyza) japonica, Phytomyza ...... 24 ... 20, 170f, 713, lzlf, r24 jolrcnnae, Agromyza ...... 286 munda, Liriomyza ...... 777 iucunda, Calycomyla 145,754, 155 muscina, Cerodonlha (Poemyza) ... 20, 728, l32f

Page nagt akensis, Phytomyzd poslicata, Nemorimyza ..... I4,20, 16l nana, Agromyza -..... praecisa, Ophiomyia .. .. . 92 Napomyza Praspedomyza . . 159, 160, 19t nasutd, Ophiomyia ... prara, Phytomyza ...., ..,,...... 269 Nemotimyza 161 pritna, Ophiom!)ia ...... 90, 93 Neoqlticomerus .,.-.,.... 12 promissa, Calycomyza ...... 72, 145, 74'1, 153fr nepetqe, Pltytomyza ...... 21, 258, 274, 285 proxima, Agromyza 29,51,521 netvosa, Phytornyzq ...... 256 pruinosa, Phytobia ...... 103 nigra, Phytomyza ...... 9, 21, 278,242, 259 pruni, Phylobiq ...... 105 nigrella, Agromyza ...... -..... 35,45 Pseudoliriomyzq ...... 163 nigripes Mei.gen, Agromyza . 79, 29, 34, 44, 4'7, S0 Pseudonapomyl.a .. .. . 18, 209 nigrlpes Schiner, Agromyza ..... 37f pseudoreptans, Agromyza ...... 19, 30, 54, 55 nigripes Zetterctedt, Agromyza ...... 38 pseudorufipes, Agromyza ...... 24, 4l nitida, Paraplrytomyza ...... 24,2O7 Pteridomyza .... 200 nitidula, Pseudonapomyzq,...... 209 puccinelliae, Phytomyzq ...... 26, 2I8, 242, 269t nfieipennis, AgromyzE ..... 32, 35, 36 pulicaria, Ophiomyia 79, 87f, 87, 93, 95 nona, Ophiomyia 92 pulicarioides, Ophionyia .... 82, 93, 95 nordica, Liriomyzq 179 pusio, Liriomyza ...... 193 notopleuralis, Phytomyza . .. .. 226, 259 pygmaea, Cerodontha (Poemyzq) norascoliensis, Cqlt-comyza ...... 153 ...... 20, 23, 710, 727f, 729, 133tr novilzkyi, Phytomyza ...... 24, 236, 298 pygmellq, Cerodontlu (Poemyza) ..... 23, l34t nugax, Napomyzq ...... 214 quadrala, Liriomyza ...... l7l oblito, Phytomyza ,...... ,.. 259t quadrisetosd, Liriomyza . .. L70, L74, lt} obscura, Phytomyza ...... 258 quqrla, Oplriomyia .... .,...... 87, 95 obscurella, Phytomyza .... 218, 239, 253 queribunda, Phytomyzq ...... 271 obscurella yat. nigritella, Phytomyza ... . , . .. 266 quintq, Ophiomyia ...... 96 occidentalis, Cerodonthd (Cerodontha) . 742f, 144 occidentalis, Melanagromyza 73 ranunculi, Phytomyza octava, Ophiomyia ...... 90,92 21, 218, 219,246, 249, 271f, 282 12 . .. Odiniq . , 25,1t3f Odiniidae ranunculoides, Liriomyza .... ,...... reptans, Agromyza ...... t9, 29, 48, 54, 55 oliverensis, Agromyza 51 reyerberula, Lemurimyza . t8, 20, 763, 194 opaca, Liriomyza ....,...... 191 rubi, Agromyza ...... 58 Ophiornyia . 9, L4,76, a\ 171 Rubiomyza ...... 2O3 orbitqlis. Paraph),tomyzd ...... 206, 207t rufipes, Agromt,za ...... 25,41 orientalis, Meiaiogroinyza ...... ,,., /J, /O rufipes, Phytomyza 21, 26,278, 272 orillienis. Liriomyza ...... 179t ...... ornata. Liriom)zq ...... "t73 rydeni, PhytomyZa ...... 238 orphana, P ara p h y to my Za .... 24, 207 osmorhizae, Ph),tomyza .., 2r9, 261 s alic il o lii, I ap ana gro my za salicis, Hexomyza ...... sanguisorbae, Agromyza pacifi.ca, LemurimJ,za ... 163, 194, r95 sarothamni, Hexomyza ... pallens, Napomyza- 24, 215 ...., .... saskatoonensis, P hytomyza pallida, Lemurimyza ... 63, 194, r95 Schildomyia 13 p dllidi c ilia ta, C er od.on tha (Poemyza) schineri, Hexomyza ..,.,. ,, . .. 19, 81 t'28, r33, 737 paltipii, Sciadoceridae 72 PhyioiyzE ...... 26r scirpi, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) . . , 20, 110, 123 Pqraphytomyzq 18, 106, 203 scirpiyora, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) Paralrqginops . lJ particella, Phytomyza ... .. 26, 271, 218, 263 scrophuiar:iai, Nopiiyio . . 1ll: iii' :?:'t?l parlicornis, A grom1, Xa ... 29, 5l scutellaris, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 710, 716, 723 pastinacqe, Phytomyza ,. ... '...... 28s secunda, Ophiomyia ...... 96 pectorqlis, Lemurimyza ...... 794, 195 . . 258, 274 pedestris, sehgali, Phytomyza ...... Liriomyzq ...... 24, 1',73, 184 semiatra, Cerodontha (Poemyza) ...... 203 p e d icularicaul i s, P hy t omy za 24, 225, 263f, 268, 2?8 semiposticqta, Cerodontha (Duygomyza) ped.icularid.is, Phytomyze ...... 264 peleensis, Liriomyza ...,...... 11, 169, 180 septentitonatii, Lirioiyza ... .. zl, tlrlLr9i;,'l3i pen;lemonis, Phytomyza,,. ... 26, 265, 268, 2',78 seplentrionqlis, Phytobiq .....,..... 106 periclymeni, Phylomyzq septima, Ophiomyia ...... 96 21, 219, 234, 240, 243, 249, 265 setit'rons, Melanagromyza ...... 26, 7S p erp u s illa, P hy t olirionty za setosa, Phytobia . .. .. f02, 103, 107, 109 persicqe, Phytom)'Za . ... sexta, Ophiomyia ...... 98 petqsiti, Plxytomyzq ..... shewelli, Melanagromyz,a . ...,...,.. 75 phaseoli, Melqnagromyzs,., shiloensis, Ophiomyia .. 90, 98 philadelphi, Liriomyza . ... . 24, 163, l8Z Shizukoa pltiladelphivora, Liriomyza . 11, 24, 182 phragmitidis, Agromyza ...... 42 phrugnritidis, Cerodontha (Poemyza) ...... t1'I Phylloml'la 13 simplex, Opltiomyia Phyhgromyza . 117,2A3,209 simplicoides, Hexomyzd .... Phytobia . 12, 77, 27, l0l, 106, 109, 111 singula, Liriotrtyza ...... 184i Phytoliriomyza 9,18,2'1,201 smilqcinae, Lirionryza ..,..,. 25,166,790,286 Phytomyzq ...... 10, 73, 74, 15, 18, 24, 211,, zlE socialis, Liriontyza ...... 1E6f picea, . Phytoliriomyza . .... 203 solanivora, Ophiomyia . .. . 81 piliseta, Cerodonthq (Icteromy.zq) . . .25 solidaginis, Calycomyza ... , 20, 745, 749, 750, 155 pilo.sa. Liriomyzq ...... 179.182 solidaginis, Phytomyza ....275 plagiatq, Paraphytomyza ...... 208 solidaginivora. Phytomyza ..... 219, 274 plqntaginis, Phytomyza 9, 2L, ?56, 261, 265, 26a sonchi, Calycomyzq ,... ,...... ,.... 155 pleuralis, Trilobomyzq 25, 27, 160, 161 sorosis, Liriomyza . .. .. 72, 26, 782, lE7 plumea, Napomyzq ...... 217 spicqta, Pseudonapomyza ...... 78, 209 plumiseta, Phytomyza .-..26a spinicauda, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) ..... t77 Poemyza . .. 77, 109f, 117, 127, 737, 203 spiraeae, Agromyza poemyzina, Cerodonthq (Dizt'gomyza) ...... 110 ...... 9, 1.9, 30, 4r, 42, 44, 48, 55, 56, 58, 62 pollinosa, C erod.ontha (Icteromyza) 9, 140f spiraeoidearum, Agromyza . . 19, 30, 56f, 59 populicola, P araphy tomy za 20,21,203,208t ssp. arunci 58 populoid,es, Agromyza .,. . 30, 34, 41, 52 splendida, M elanagromyla " ""' 76f

Page page spondylii, Phytomyza . 21, 219, 250,275, 297t undecima, Ophiomyia .... 99 stranq, Napomyza .., 18 undulata, Liriomyza 186, 190 striata, LemurimyZa 794 urbana, Phytomyza ...... 276, 2tL slrigala, Liriomyza ...... 193 urticae, Agromyza ...... 54 subangulotd, Cerodonlha (Dizygomyza) 711,297 urliciyorq, Melanagromyza .,...,.,., 70 subinJumala, Amquromyzq 10, 15?, 159 subnigripes, Agromyzq .. . . 37t valdorensis, Agromyzd ...... 30, 56, 59 sublenella, Phytomyza ...... 26, 276 varifrons, Agromyza ...... 26, 30, 59t subtilis, Phytomyza ...... 26, 218,276 varipes, Phylomyza ...... ", 21, 218, 282 surla, Napomyza ...... 217 veluta, Liriomyza ...... -...... 190f sulluriceps, Agromyza ...... 19, 30, 58 yibeana, Phytomy,za ...... 26, 2L9, 211, 2t2 superba, Phytomyza ...... 27a viciqe, Liriomyzs ...... ,..... 191,200 syngenesiae, Phytomyza ...... 9, 21, 23, 265, 278 virens, Melanagtomyza ...... ,. 9, 10, 64, 67,76t viridula, Japanagromyzq .. . . . 24, 26, 63 vockerothi, Agromyza ... 71,24,30, 60 tacita, Agromyza ...... ".... 11, 39, 59 volatilis, 202t tanaceti, Phytomyza ...... 254 Phytoliriomyza ...... toraxaci, Liriomyza ...... 20, 157, 18E tenuis, Phytomy.za ...... 279 w abamunensis, Ophiomyia 90, 93, 101 tequend,amae, Metopomyzq,.,,.,.,. 196 waltoni, Phl,tobia ...... 109 tertia, Ophiomyia ...... 99 testacea, Agromyza .. ., 15 xanthophora, Phytobia 17 tetica, Melanogromyza ...... 73,76 xylostei, Phytagromyza ...... 206 texana, Ophiomyia ...... 90 Xyraeomyia ...... 201 thalicttivorq, Phytomyza ...... 24, 279 thompsoni, C erodontha (Dizygomy za) youngi, Ophiomyia ..., ...... 91 24, r10,113, l2l, L24,1.27 yukonensis, Cerodontha (Dizygomyza) 170,127 thulensis, Cerod.ontha (Dizygomyza) . 26,720, l2S tigfensis, Haplomyzu , .... . 201 timid.a, Phylomyza ...... 279 togata, Haplomyza ...... 200, 201 Undescribed species 13 Traginopinae 60 Traginops .. . 12, 13 sD., Agromyzq ...... lrebiniensis, Agromyzd .. . . 60 s-p. noi. (Brazil), Calycomyza .....147 . 150 trifolii, Liriomyza ...... 72, 27, 175, 188f, 191 sp. on Penstemon, Calycomyza .., lriglochinae, 20,163, sb. (Campanulq), Liriomyza ... 26,193 Liriomyza . l66f (Constance 193 Trilobomyza 25, 27, 160 sp. Bay), Liriomyza ...... (Edmonton), 193 Trypetidae 13 sp. Liriomyza ..,..... (Pelee), . . 209, 285 tundlensis, Phylomyza .... 281 sb. Paraphytomyza ...... 26, tussilaginis, Phytomyza 24, 266 sp. (Steyskal), Melanagromyza 64,7A ...... sp. (Clematis), Phytomyzq ...... 300 sp. (Shilo), Phytomy,za ...... "..... 2t4 ulmi, Agrcmyza .."."..... 38 sp, (Siam), Phytomyza ...... 299 ultima, Cerodontha (Dizygomy.za) .. .. . 110, 125