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Diptera: Agromyzidae) Turleri Ve Parazitoitleri*

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Diptera: Agromyzidae) Turleri Ve Parazitoitleri* TUrk.entomo!. derg., 2003, 27 (4) : 305-318 ISSN 1010-6960 Sanhurfa Hinde tanm ve tanm dis: alanlarda saptanan galerisinegi (Diptera: Agromyzidae) turleri ve parazitoitleri* Emine c;IKMAN** Nedim UYGUN*** Summary The determination of leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and their parasitoids in cultivated and non-cultivated areas in Sanhurfa province, southern Turkey This study was carried out in order to determine the species of the family Agromyzidae (Diptera), their parasitoids species and their distributions in cultivated and non-cultivated areas in Sanhurfa province during July 1999-2001 period. As a result of this study, 6 species belonging to Agromyzinae and 14 species belonging to Phytomyzinae subfamilies were determined. Of these, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), L. cicerina (Rondani), Chromatomyia horticola Goureau ve Phytomyza orobanchia Kaltenbach were the most common species. L. trifolii ve L. cicerina were observed giving serious damage on cultivated plants. Agromyza albipennis Meigen, Melanagromyza vignalis Spencer from the subfamily Agromyzinae and Liriomyza hieracivora Spencer, Pseudonapomyza atra (Meigen), Ps. spicata (Malloch), Ps, spinosa Spencer, Phytomyza chelonei Spencer from subfamily Phytomyzinae were recorded as new for the Turkish fauna. In this study, 6 parasitoids from Braconidae and 12 parasitoids from Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) were determined. Among the parasitoids, Opius lonicerae Fischer, O. osogovoensis Fischer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae); Chrysocharis liriomyzae Delucchi, Chrysonotomyia smaragdula (Graham), Cirrospiltus vittatus Walker, Diauliropsis arenomia (Erdos), Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson, N. albipes Kurdjumov, N. sericae (Erdos), Sympiesis gordius (Walker) (Eulophidae) were recorded as new for the Turkishfauna. Key words: Agrornyzidae Diptera, parasitoids, Sanhurfa, Turkey Anahtar sozciikler: Agromyzidae Diptera, parazitoid turler, Sanhurfa, Turkiye * Bu cahsma 21.12.2001 tarihinde kabul edilen doktora tezinin bir bolumudur. Harran Oniversitesi Ziraat FakUltesi, Bitki Koruma Bolumu, 63040, Sanhurfa e-posta: [email protected] Cukurova Oniversitesi Ziraat Fakultesi, Bitki Koruma Bolumu, 01330, Balcah, Adana e-posta: [email protected] Alnus (Received): 08.09.2003 305 Giri~ Agromyzidae (Diptera) turleri polifag ozellikte olup, larvalan genellikle bitki yapraklannm mesofil tabakasi ile beslenerek zararh olurlar. Ancak, bazi turlerde larvalar bitkilerin sap ve dalciklannda da galeriler acarak beslenirler. Aynca disi bireyler yumurta birakmak icin ovipozitorlerini bitki dokusuna sokup cikararak bu bolqedeki klorofilin parcalanmasma ve beyaz noktaciklar halinde lekeler olus­ masina neden olurlar (Spencer, 1980). Zengin bir flora cesitliligine sahip ulkernizde Agromyzidae familyasma ait Iaunistik cahsmalar ancak son yillarda yapilmaya baslanrrustir. Yapilan cahsma­ larda degi~ik bitkilerde zararh 69 Agromyzidae turunim bulundugu saptanmistir (Giray, 1980; Uygun et al., 1995; Yabas et al., 1995; Civelek, 1998; Civelek et al., 2000; Civelek & Ulusoy, 2000; Civelek, 2002). Bu cahsmada Guneydoqu Anadolu Projesi (GAP) ile kuru tanmdan sulu tanrna geyilmi~ olan Sanhurfa ilinde, gerek kultur alanlannda gerekse kultur disi alanlardaki Agromyzidae turleri, konukculan ve parazitoitlerinin belirlerimesi amaclanrmstir. Soz konusu bolqede Agromyzidae turleri ile ilgili kapsamh cahsmalann yapilmarrns olmasi bu cahsmarun gerekliligini ortaya koymustur, Materyal ve Yontem Cahsma Sanhurfa Ilinde Temmuz 1999-Temmuz 2001 doneminde, benzer ekolojik kosullardaki 4 alt bolgede ytmitulmustur. Alt bolgelere sezon boyunca ayda iki defa gidilerek, tanm ve tanm disi alanlardaki bitkilerden ornekler toplanrrustir. Bu omeklemelerde bulasik bitki kisirnlan ile birlikte atrap ile de ornekler top­ lanrrnstir. Laboratuvara getirilen bulasik bitki ornekleri, lizerine 12 ern capmda 25 ern derinliqinde seffaf plastik kavanoz geyirilmi~ ve icerisinde nemli toprak bulunan saksilarda kulture almarak ergin ve parazitoit ylkl~l saglanml~tlr. Bu orneklerden elde edilen ergin Agromyzid bireylerinin teshisinde morfolojik ozellikleri ve genital organIan esas almrmstir. Genital organlann preparasyonunda Spencer (1980)'den yararlarulrmstir. Agromyzidae tiirlerinin tarularnasi Spencer (1976, 1980, 1990)'dan yarar­ larnlarak Yrd. Doc. Dr. H. S. Civelek (Mugla Oniversitesi Teknik Egitim Fakiiltesi, Mugla) ve Yrd. Doc, Dr. Emine <;:IKMAN tarahndan, orneklerin lizerinden toplandigi yabanctotlann tarusi ise Yrd. Doc, Dr. Bekir BOKON (Harran Oniversitesi Ziraat Fakultesi, Bitki Koruma Bolumu, Sanhurfa) tarafmdan yapilrmsnr. Elde edilen parazitoitlerden Chalcidoidea Ostfamilyasmda yer alan turlerin tamsi Prof. Dr. Miktat DOGANLAR (Mustafa Kemal Oniversitesi Ziraat Fakultesi, Bitki Koruma Bolumu, Antakya, Hatay), Braconidae familyasmda yer alan turlerin tarns: ise Prof. Dr. Ahmet BEYARSLAN (Trakya Oniversitesi Fen Fakultesi Biyoloji Bolumu, 22030, Edirne) tarafmdan yapilrrustir. 306 Tamlanan ornckler Harran Oniversitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Bitki Koruma Bollimli Muzesinde korunmaktadir. Arastirma Sonuclari ve Tartisma Cahsmada Agromyzidae familyasmm Agromyzinae ve Phytomyzinae altfamil­ yasma bagh 9 cinse ait toplam 20 tur saptanrrustir. Bu turlerdcn 7 tanesinin Turkiye Agromyzidae faunasi icin yeni kayrt oldugu belirlenmistir. A~aglda saptanan turlerin tanmmalan, konukculan, yayihslan ve parazitoitleri ile ilgili bulgular ayn ayn verilmistir. Bulunan parazitoit turlerden Turkiye icin yeni kayitlar (*) ile belirtilmistir. Altfamilya: Agromyzinae Agromyza Fallen, 1810 Agromyza albipennis Meigen, 1830 Tanmmasn Kanat a~lkhgl 2-3 mm'dir. Frons uzerinde 2 ors (ust orbital kil) ve 2-3 ori (alt orbital kil) bulunmaktadir, Mesonotum uzerinde 7 de (dorcentral kil) ve 6-8 sira acr (acrostichal kil) mevcuttur. Diinyadaki yayl1l~l: A.B.D., Avrupa, Kanada, Japonya ve Sibirya'da yaygm oldugu bildirilmektedir(Spencer, 1976; 1980). Tiirkiye'deki yayl1l~l: Ulkemizdeki varhgl ilk kez bu cahsma ile ortaya konul­ mustur. Birecik'te Althaea hohenackeri Boisd. & Huet yapraklanmn kulture almmasiyla 1 ~, 2 dd ergin elde edilmistir. Parazitoitleri: Soz konusu turun parazitoitleri bilinmemektedir. Agromyza reptans Fallen, 1823 Tanmmasn Kanat a~lkhgl 2.8-3.5 mm'dir. Orbital tuyler yukan dogru yonclmistir. Ucuncu anten segmenti kucuk ve yuvarlaktir. Mesonotum uzerinde 5­ 6 de ve 4-6 sira acr bulunmaktadir. Diinyadaki yaYlh~l: A.B.D., Almanya, Balnk ulkeleri, ingiltere, Kanada ve Polonya'da yaygm oldugu bildirilmektedir (Spencer, 1976; 1980). Tiirkiye'deki yayl1l~l: Giray (1980), lokalite belirtmeksizin Cannabis spp., Humulus spp., Paerietaria spp. ve Urtica spp. uzerinden kavdetmistir. Cahsmada Ceylanpmar ve Koruklu'da Medicago sativa L. yapraklannm hem kulture ahnmasiyla, hem de bu aianlarda atrap He 12 ~~, 11 dd ergin toplanrmstir. Parazitoitleri: Adi ge~en turun parazitoitleri bilinmemektedir. Agromyza rondensis Strobl, 1900 Tanmmasn Kanat a~lkhgl 1.7-3.0 mm'dir. Frons uzerinde 2 ors ve 3 ori bulunur. Mesonotum uzerinde 3+2 dc ve 3 sira acr kil bulunur. 307 ,--------------------------------- Diinyadaki yaytll~l: Almanya, Danimarka, Finlandiya, ingiltere, Isvec, Japonya ve Tunus'ta yaygm oldugu bildirilmektedir (Spencer, 1976). Tiirkiye'deki yaytll~l: Ulkemizde ilk kez Civelek (1998) tarafmdan, izmir'de Triticum sp.'de saptanrmstir. Bu cahsmada Halfeti, Hilvan ve Siverek ilcelerinde Cardaria draba (L.) Desv. ve Triticum aestivum L.'un yogun bulundugu alanlarda atrapla 10 99; 11 aa ergin toplanrrustir. Parazitoitleri: Bu turun parazitoitleri bilinmemektedir. Melanagromyza Hendel, 1920 Melanagromyza vignalis Spencer, 1959 Tanmmasi: Kanat a\=lkhgl 2.2-2.4 mm'dir. Frons Uzerinde 2 ors, 2 ori bulunmaktadir. O\=UncU anten segmenti vuvarlakur. Mesonotum Uzerinde 2 sira de ve 8 sira acr kil bulunmaktadir. Diinyadaki yaytll~l: GUney Afrika, Kenya, Nijerya, Sudan ve Sierra Leone'da yaYlh~ gostermektedir (Spencer, 1976). Tiirkiye'deki yaytll~l: Yurdumuzdaki varhgl ilk kez bu cahsma i1e ortaya konul­ mustur. Bu cahsmada Viransehlr'de Amaranthus spp., Cucurbita moshata L., Cucumis pepo L., Gossypium hirsutum L., Solanum spp., yapraklanmn kultiire ahnmasiyla, aynca aym bitkilerde atrap ile 6 99, 5 aa ergin elde edilmistir. Parazitoitleri: Bu turun parazitoitleri bilinmemektedir. Ophiomyia Brasnichnikov, 1897 Ophiomyia cunctata (Hendel, 1920) Tanmmasu Kanat a\=lkhgl 2.0-2.2 mrn'dir. Frons Uzerinde 2 ors ve 2 ori bulunur. TUm anten segmentleri siyahtir. Mesonotum Uzerinde 2 de ve 6 sira acr kil vardir. Diinyadaki yaytll~l: Avrupa kitasmm tamammda yayrhs gostermektedir (Spencer, 1976). Tiirkiye'deki yaytll~l: Civelek (1998), Izrnir'de Sonchus spp.'de bulmustur, Cahsmada Halfeti, Siverek ve merkez ilcelerinde hem Phaseolus vulgaris L. yapraklarmm kulture almmasiyla, hem de Convolvulus spp., G. hirsutum, Lamium spp., Mentha spp., ve Portulaca oleracea L'mn bulundugu alanlannda atrapla 7 99, 1 aa ergin toplanrmstir. Parazitoitleri: Bu turun parazitoitleri bilinmemektedir. Ophiomyia pinguis (Fallen, 1820) 308 (~ ,-~~_.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~-~~~---------------- I Tamnmasn Kanat a<;lkhgl 1.9-2.3 mm'dir. Frons tizerinde 2 ors ve 2 ori bulunur. O<;tincti anten segmenti oval olup, mesonotum tizerinde 2 dc ve 8 sira acr kil bulunur. Diinyadaki yaydl~l: Avrupa, Misir ve Rusya'da saptanrmstir (Spencer, 1976). Tiirkiye'deki yaydl~l: Giray (1980), lokalite ve konukcusu belirtmeksizin Ttirkiye'de bulundugunu bildirmistir. Bu cahsmada Birecik, Halfeti ve Suruc llcelerinde Amaranthus spp., Convolvulus spp., Lamium spp., M. sativa, Mentha spp., Petroselinum hortense Hoffm. ve Xanthium spp.'de atrap ile
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