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Second World War As a Trigger for Transcultural Changes Among Sámi People in Finland
Acta Borealia A Nordic Journal of Circumpolar Societies ISSN: 0800-3831 (Print) 1503-111X (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/sabo20 Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland Veli-Pekka Lehtola To cite this article: Veli-Pekka Lehtola (2015) Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland, Acta Borealia, 32:2, 125-147, DOI: 10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673 Published online: 07 Oct 2015. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 22 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=sabo20 Download by: [Oulu University Library] Date: 23 November 2015, At: 04:24 ACTA BOREALIA, 2015 VOL. 32, NO. 2, 125–147 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2015.1089673 Second world war as a trigger for transcultural changes among Sámi people in Finland Veli-Pekka Lehtola Giellagas Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The article analyses the consequences of the Lapland War (1944– Received 28 October 2014 45) and the reconstruction period (1945–52) for the Sámi society Revised 25 February 2015 in Finnish Lapland, and provides some comparisons to the Accepted 24 July 2015 situation in Norway. Reconstructing the devastated Lapland KEYWORDS meant powerful and rapid changes that ranged from novelties Sámi history; Finnish Lapland; of material culture to increasing Finnish ideals, from a Lapland War; reconstruction transition in the way of life to an assimilation process. -
1404355* Ccpr/C/110/D/2102/2011
United Nations CCPR/C/110/D/2102/2011 International Covenant on Distr.: General 5 June 2014 Civil and Political Rights Original: English Human Rights Committee Communication No. 2102/2011 Views adopted by the Committee at its 110th session (10–28 March 2014) Submitted by: Kalevi Paadar, Eero Paadar and his family, Veijo Paadar, and Kari Alatorvinen and his family (represented by counsel Johanna Ojala) Alleged victims: The authors State party: Finland Date of communication: 22 September 2011 (initial submission) Document reference: Special Rapporteur’s rule 97 decision, transmitted to the State party on 23 September 2011 (not issued in document form) Date of adoption of Views: 26 March 2014 Subject matter: Forced slaughter of the authors’ reindeer Procedural issues: None Substantive issues: Unfair trial, right to equality and non-discrimination, right of indigenous peoples to enjoy their own culture Articles of the Covenant: 14 (1); 26; 27 Article of the Optional Protocol: None GE.14-04355 (E) *1404355* CCPR/C/110/D/2102/2011 Annex Views of the Human Rights Committee under article 5, paragraph 4, of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (110th session) concerning Communication No. 2102/2011* Submitted by: Kalevi Paadar, Eero Paadar and his family, Veijo Paadar, and Kari Alatorvinen and his family (represented by counsel Johanna Ojala) Alleged victim: The authors State party: Finland Date of communication: 22 September 2011 (initial submission) The Human Rights Committee, established under article 28 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Meeting on 26 March 2014, Having concluded its consideration of communication No. -
Midnight Sun and Northern Lights Name
volume 3 Midnight Sun and issue 5 Northern Lights It’s black, which absorbs the sun’s warmth. In fact, polar midnight, bears feel hot if the temperature rises above freezing. but the sun The polar nights are long and dark, but sometimes is shining there’s a light show in the sky. The northern lights, which brightly. Where are called the aurora, are often green or pink. They seem are you? You’re to wave and dance in the sky. Auroras are caused by gas in the Arctic, particles that were thrown off by the sun. These particles near the North collide in Earth’s atmosphere and make a beautiful show. Pole. During Few people live in the Arctic because it’s so cold, but the arctic Canada, Greenland, Norway, Iceland, and Russia are summer, the good places to see the midnight sun and the aurora. In ©2010 by Asbjørn Floden in Flickr. Some rights reserved http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/deed.en sun doesn’t fact, Norway is often called the Land of the Midnight set for months. Instead, it goes around the horizon. You Sun. could read outside at midnight. As you travel south The temperature stays warm, too, although not as from the North Pole, warm as where you live. The average temperature in there is less midnight sun the summer near the North Pole is about 32 degrees, and fewer northern lights. or freezing. That may sound cold to you, but it’s warm It gets warmer, too. Soon, in the Arctic. -
Pasvik–Inari Nature and History Shared Area Description
PASVIK–INARI NATURE AND HISTORY SHARED AREA DESCRIPTION The Pasvik River flows from the largest lake in Finn- is recommended only for very experienced hikers, ish Lapland, Lake Inari, and extends to the Barents some paths are marked for shorter visits. Lake Inari Sea on the border of Norway and Russia. The valley and its tributaries are ideal for boating or paddling, forms a diverse habitat for a wide variety of plants and in winter the area can be explored on skis or a and animals. The Pasvik River is especially known for dog sled. The border mark at Muotkavaara, where its rich bird life. the borders of Finland, Norway and Russia meet, can The rugged wilderness that surrounds the river be reached by foot or on skis. valley astonishes with its serene beauty. A vast Several protected areas in the three neighbouring pine forest area dotted with small bogs, ponds and countries have been established to preserve these streams stretches from Vätsäri in Finland to Pasvik in great wilderness areas. A vast trilateral co-operation Norway and Russia. area stretching across three national borders, con- The captivating wilderness offers an excellent sisting of the Vätsäri Wilderness Area in Finland, the setting for hiking and recreation. From mid-May Øvre Pasvik National Park, Øvre Pasvik Landscape until the end of July the midnight sun lights up the Protection Area and Pasvik Nature Reserve in Nor- forest. The numerous streams and lakes provide way, and Pasvik Zapovednik in Russia, is protected. ample catch for anglers who wish to enjoy the calm backwoods. -
Midnight Sun, Part II by PA Lassiter
Midnight Sun, Part II by PA Lassiter . N.B. These chapters are based on characters created by Stephenie Meyer in Twilight, the novel. The title used here, Midnight Sun, some of the chapter titles, and all the non-interior dialogue between Edward and Bella are copyright Stephenie Meyer. The first half of Ms. Meyer’s rough-draft novel, of which this is a continuation, can be found at her website here: http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/pdf/midnightsun_partial_draft4.pdf 12. COMPLICATIONSPart B It was well after midnight when I found myself slipping through Bella’s window. This was becoming a habit that, in the light of day, I knew I should attempt to curb. But after nighttime fell and I had huntedfor though these visits might be irresponsible, I was determined they not be recklessall of my resolve quickly faded. There she lay, the sheet and blanket coiled around her restless body, her feet bound up outside the covers. I inhaled deeply through my nose, welcoming the searing pain that coursed down my throat. As always, Bella’s bedroom was warm and humid and saturated with her scent. Venom flowed into my mouth and my muscles tensed in readiness. But for what? Could I ever train my body to give up this devilish reaction to my beloved’s smell? I feared not. Cautiously, I held my breath and moved to her bedside. I untangled the bedclothes and spread them carefully over her again. She twitched suddenly, her legs scissoring as she rolled to her other side. I froze. “Edward,” she breathed. -
CERI Commodity Report — Natural Gas
June-July 2014 CERI Commodity Report — Natural Gas Hydrocarbon Gold under the Midnight Sun? exploration efforts will continue until 2018, with Jon Rozhon production potentially starting soon thereafter. For all practical intents and purposes, the Western Figure 1: Yukon’s Eight Hydrocarbons Basins Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) ends abruptly at the 60th parallel, along the border between British Columbia and the Yukon Territory. North of 60° there has been little exploration for oil and gas for over 30 years. South of 60°, especially in areas such as the Montney basin, oil and gas activity is now as busy as it has ever been. The difference is especially visible from the air: within Alberta and British Columbia you can see cut-lines crisscrossing the landscape; flying over the Yukon – the renowned Land of the Midnight Sun – the wilderness to this day still appears almost untouched. Of course, the geologic reality of the situation is that the WCSB extends further north, so there should be significant hydrocarbon resources within the Yukon. Governments know this, E&P companies know this, and so do stakeholders such as First Nations, land owners, and other local residents. Northern Cross Energy, an affiliate of the Chinese National Overseas Oil Corporation (CNOOC), is one company that has been doing much work in the Yukon’s Eagle Plain basin. In 2011, boosted with a cash infusion from CNOOC, the company was granted exploration permits from the Government of Yukon and dedicated a Sources: Government of Yukon, CERI total of $22 million in work commitments. Since then, Northern Cross has spent more than $100 million in What will Northern Cross do with any discovered oil and Eagle Plain, and though the company states results of its gas resources? Chinese State-Owned Enterprises such as work “are still being analyzed”, their continued and CNOOC are busy throughout the world diversifying their 1 resource holdings with a view to ensuring the country’s increasing funding indicates cause for optimism. -
The Northern Lights in Lapland, Finland Winter 3 Days/2 Nights KAKSLAUTTANEN (Santa’S Resort)
Braga Travel Consulting – www.chinalife.com – www.bonniebraga.com – phone: 1305-3824294 [email protected]@[email protected] The Northern lights in Lapland, Finland Winter 3 days/2 nights KAKSLAUTTANEN (Santa’s resort) Arrival at Ivalo airport (airfare not included). Arrival transfer Day 1 from the airport to the Igloo Village Kakslauttanen. Dinner in Arrival Ivalo, Lapland the main house of the Village. 1 night accommodation in a Glass Igloo. These Igloos are made of glass allowing you to see the sky and sleep under the Aurora Borealis in case it presents itself at night. Buffet breakfast at hotel. Today we will enjoy the wide variety of tours and safaris offered in Kakslauttanen. Included Day 2 in the program you have a reindeer safari (2 hours) or Husky Kakslauttanen dogs safari (2 hours). In the afternoon we will visit Santa's resort (Santa's House) for 1,5 hours. We will also take a snowmobile safari in search of the Aurora Borealis for 3 hours. A full day with all the necessary activities on a typical day in Lapland this time of year. Dinner in the main house. Accommodation in a cozy log cabin (double) with sauna and open fire. Buffet breakfast at hotel. Transfer to Ivalo airport where the Day 3 tour ends. If you want to extend your stay in Kakslauttanen Departure from Ivalo with more nights or by including more activities such as ice fishing on the lake or an excursion to Kemi to board the famous icebreaker Sampo, among other things, please contact Dorothy Tours for a quote. -
Intertextuality, Masculinity, and Desire in the Twilight Series
Virtue as Adventure and Excess: Intertextuality, Masculinity, and Desire in the Twilight Series By Claudia Lindén Abstract The vampire is still primarily a literary figure. The vampires we have seen on TV and cinema in recent years are all based on literary models. The vampire is at the same time a popular cultural icon and a figure that, especially women writers, use to problematize gender, sexuality and power. As a vampire story the Twilight se- ries both produces and problematizes norms in regard to gender, class and ethnici- ty. As the main romantic character in Twilight, Edward Cullen becomes interest- ing both as a vampire of our time and as a man. In a similar way as in the 19th century novel the terms of relationship are negotiated and like his namesake Ed- ward Rochester, Edward Cullen has to change in important ways for the “happy ending” to take place. In spite of a strong interest in sexuality and gender norms in relation to vampires very few studies have focused exclusively on masculinity. This article examines the construction of masculinity in relation to vampirism in the Twilight series. It offers an interpretation of Stephenie Meyer’s novels and the character of Edward as part of a broader field of feminist (re-)uses of the vampire in modern literature with its roots in the literary tradition from Austen and the Brontë-sisters as well as from classic Gothic fiction. Keywords: Twilight Series, Stephenie Meyer, masculinity, vampires, were- wolves, Midnight Sun, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Charlotte Brontë, Jane Eyre, feminist theory, queer theory, gothic. -
Archipelago Business Development 12.3.2019
Archipelago Business Development 12.3.2019 www.inari.fi INARI MUNICIPALITY Established in 1876 MUNICIPAL COAT OF ARMS Silver whitefish with golden reindeer antlers on a black background. The coat of arms symbolizes traditional sources of livelihood in the municipality. Designer: Ahti Hammar,1955 www.inari.fi NEIGHBOURS OF INARI INARI MUNICIPALITY Finnish municipalities: Enontekiö Kittilä Sodankylä Utsjoki Norway Russia www.inari.fi AREA OF INARI MUNICIPALITY Total area, 17 321 km² 2,2 km² / inhabitant whereof water area 2 148 km² 0,3 km² / inhabitant Protected area, total 10 948 km² Urho Kekkonen National Park (a part) 62 km² Lemmenjoki National Park 2 850 km² Wilderness area, total 6 030 km² Other protected areas 2 006 km² www.inari.fi POPULATION OF INARI Population 31.12.2018 6 908 Change in 2017 +0,5 % Sami population 2 200 North Sami 900 Inari Sami 700 East Sami 600 The population age structure in 2017 0-14 12,5 % 15-64 62,6 % 65- 24,9 % www.inari.fi LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN INARI MUNICIPALITY Finnish North Sami Inari Sami East Sami www.inari.fi JOBS BY EMPLOYER SECTOR 2015 Primary production 7,4 % Manufacturing 7,0 % Services 83,3 % - public - private Other sectors 2,3 % www.inari.fi The latest investments - Ivalo airport/Ivalon lentoaseman laajennus ja peruskorjaus, Finavia Oyj, 13,5 M€ + lisälaajennus 2019 (konepaikkoja 4->7 kpl, matkustajatilat +1000 m2 - Test World Oy:n Indoor II –hanke, Kiinteistökehitys InLike Oy, 5,6 M€ + Test World III – , kustannusarvio 13 M€ - Saariselkä 72 plots / Saariselän kunnallistekniikka Rinnealue, Inarin -
DRAINAGE BASINS of the WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA and KARA SEA Chapter 1
38 DRAINAGE BASINS OF THE WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 39 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN 42 TULOMA RIVER BASIN 44 JAKOBSELV RIVER BASIN 44 PAATSJOKI RIVER BASIN 45 LAKE INARI 47 NÄATAMÖ RIVER BASIN 47 TENO RIVER BASIN 49 YENISEY RIVER BASIN 51 OB RIVER BASIN Chapter 1 40 WHITE SEA, BARENT SEA AND KARA SEA This chapter deals with major transboundary rivers discharging into the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea and their major transboundary tributaries. It also includes lakes located within the basins of these seas. TRANSBOUNDARY WATERS IN THE BASINS OF THE BARENTS SEA, THE WHITE SEA AND THE KARA SEA Basin/sub-basin(s) Total area (km2) Recipient Riparian countries Lakes in the basin Oulanka …1 White Sea FI, RU … Kola Fjord > Tuloma 21,140 FI, RU … Barents Sea Jacobselv 400 Barents Sea NO, RU … Paatsjoki 18,403 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU Lake Inari Näätämö 2,962 Barents Sea FI, NO, RU … Teno 16,386 Barents Sea FI, NO … Yenisey 2,580,000 Kara Sea MN, RU … Lake Baikal > - Selenga 447,000 Angara > Yenisey > MN, RU Kara Sea Ob 2,972,493 Kara Sea CN, KZ, MN, RU - Irtysh 1,643,000 Ob CN, KZ, MN, RU - Tobol 426,000 Irtysh KZ, RU - Ishim 176,000 Irtysh KZ, RU 1 5,566 km2 to Lake Paanajärvi and 18,800 km2 to the White Sea. Chapter 1 WHITE SEA, BARENTS SEA AND KARA SEA 41 OULANKA RIVER BASIN1 Finland (upstream country) and the Russian Federation (downstream country) share the basin of the Oulanka River. -
The Idea of the North Transcript
The Idea of the North Transcript Date: Friday, 19 June 2009 - 12:00AM Location: Barnard's Inn Hall The Idea of the North City of London Festival 2009 by Peter Davidson 19 June 2009 Snowlight and Evening: The Fall of Northern Light If I were at home in Aberdeenshire in the evening of a day so near to midsummer as today, the daylight would be undiminished until about ten. It would feel as if time itself were stretching and slowing in the endless northern evening. It is difficult to exaggerate the way in which the presence and absence of light governs the life of the north. On such an evening it is hard to stay in the house, hard to waste the daylight, because in the north you are always aware of the dark biding its time. In a week or two, the prodigious light will already be dwindling: in the words of that splendidly miserable old sod Professor Housman The dark Has passed its nadir and begun to climb. We would go out just as, at last, the sun begins to go down. Out into the cooling air and the level light, into the scents of the clove pinks in the bed beside the greenhouse. Viridian shadows are beginning to deepen under the trees on the lawn. We walk away from the house, between the beech hedges which lead out of the clearing at the end of the garden, and down the broad steps into the wood. A grass path stretches away to the north of us, into the sunlight which still sends its last low rays over the stream and amongst the trunks of the trees. -
Action Plan Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park 2019-2028
Action plan Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park 2019-2028 2019 Action plan Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park 2019-2028 Date: 31.1.2019 Authors: Kalske, T., Tervo, R., Kollstrøm, R., Polikarpova, N. and Trusova, M. Cover photo: Young generation of birders and environmentalists looking into the future (Pasvik Zapovednik, О. Кrotova) The Trilateral Advisory Board: FIN Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environments in Lapland (Lapland ELY-centre) Inari Municipality NOR Office of the Finnmark County Governor Øvre Pasvik National Park Board Sør-Varanger Municipality RUS Pasvik Zapovednik Pechenga District Municipality Nikel Local Municipality Ministry of Natural Resource and Ecology of the Murmansk region Ministry of Economic Development of the Murmansk region, Tourism division Observers: WWF Barents Office Russia, NIBIO Svanhovd Norway Contacts: FINLAND NORWAY Metsähallitus, Parks & Wildlife Finland Troms and Finnmark County Governor Ivalo Customer Service Tel. +47 789 50 300 Tel. +358 205 64 7701 [email protected] [email protected] Northern Lapland Nature Centre Siida RUSSIA Tel. +358 205 64 7740 Pasvik State Nature Reserve [email protected] (Pasvik Zapovednik) Tel./fax: +7 815 54 5 07 00 [email protected] (Nikel) [email protected] (Rajakoski) 2 Action Plan Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park 2019-2028 3 Preface In this 10-year Action Plan for the Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park, we present the background of the long-lasting nature protection and management cooperation, our mutual vision and mission, as well as the concrete development ideas of the cooperation for the next decade. The plan is considered as an advisory plan focusing on common long-term guidance and cooperation.