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A Superscalar Out-Of-Order X86 Soft Processor for FPGA
A Superscalar Out-of-Order x86 Soft Processor for FPGA Henry Wong University of Toronto, Intel [email protected] June 5, 2019 Stanford University EE380 1 Hi! ● CPU architect, Intel Hillsboro ● Ph.D., University of Toronto ● Today: x86 OoO processor for FPGA (Ph.D. work) – Motivation – High-level design and results – Microarchitecture details and some circuits 2 FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array ● Is a digital circuit (logic gates and wires) ● Is field-programmable (at power-on, not in the fab) ● Pre-fab everything you’ll ever need – 20x area, 20x delay cost – Circuit building blocks are somewhat bigger than logic gates 6-LUT6-LUT 6-LUT6-LUT 3 6-LUT 6-LUT FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array ● Is a digital circuit (logic gates and wires) ● Is field-programmable (at power-on, not in the fab) ● Pre-fab everything you’ll ever need – 20x area, 20x delay cost – Circuit building blocks are somewhat bigger than logic gates 6-LUT 6-LUT 6-LUT 6-LUT 4 6-LUT 6-LUT FPGA Soft Processors ● FPGA systems often have software components – Often running on a soft processor ● Need more performance? – Parallel code and hardware accelerators need effort – Less effort if soft processors got faster 5 FPGA Soft Processors ● FPGA systems often have software components – Often running on a soft processor ● Need more performance? – Parallel code and hardware accelerators need effort – Less effort if soft processors got faster 6 FPGA Soft Processors ● FPGA systems often have software components – Often running on a soft processor ● Need more performance? – Parallel -
Analysis and Comparison of Different Microprocessors Used in Computer
Analysis and Comparison of Different Microprocessors used in Computer Architecture Manoj Gyanani Computer Science Department San Jose State University San Jose, CA 95192 408-455-4128 [email protected] ABSTRACT low level activities. It mainly performs the task of uploading, In the current world, it’s almost impossible to imagine that someone downloading and recalling data into and from the memory card. can live without computers. Computers have become an electronic Apart from that it also does complex mathematical calculations device of almost every day use for individuals of every age. we within a single command. cannot imagine of advancements without computers. Hence it becomes very important to understand the principal running entity of 2.2 Reduced Instruction Set Microprocessor the computer architecture. The microprocessor is the brain of a This processor is also called as RISC. These kinds of chips are made computer. it is a multipurpose, programmable device that according to the function in which the microprocessor can carry out accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions small things within a particular command. In this way it completes stored in its memory, and provides results as output. Hence, it is more commands at a faster rate. significant to analyze various processors and then compare them. So that we can know about pros and cons of different processors. We 2.3 Superscalar Processors have to select the best microprocessor and for that , it is really This is a processor that copies the hardware on the microprocessor important to analyze & make a comparison among them. Parameters for performing numerous tasks at a time. -
TA770XE3 Motherboard
TA770XE3 Motherboard • Supported Socket AM3 processors AMD Phenom II X4 / Phenom II X3 / Athlon II processor • AMD 125W processor support • AMD 770 Chipset • Dual-Channel DDR3 -1600(OC)/1333/1066/800 • AMD OverDrive Utility Support TA770XE3 Specifcation CPU SUPPORT AMD Phenom™ II X6 Processor AMD Phenom™ II X4 Processor AMD Phenom™ II X3 Processor AMD Phenom™ II X2 Processor AMD Athlon™ II X4 Processor AMD Athlon™ II X3 Processor AMD Athlon™ II X2 Processor Maximum CPU TDP (Thermal Design Power) : 125Watt HT Support HT 5.2G MEMORY Support Dual Channel DDR3 800/1066/1333/1600(OC) MHz 4 x DDR3 DIMM Memory Slot Max. Supports up to 16GB Memory STORAGE 6 x SATA II Connector BIOSTAR1 x IDE Connector Support SATA RAID: 0,1,10 LAN Realtek RTL8111DL - 10/100/1000 Controller AUDIO CODEC Realtek ALC662 6-Channel HD Audio USB 6 x USB 2.0 Port 3 x USB 2.0 Header EXPANSION SLOT 1 x PCI-E 2.0 x16 Slot 2 x PCI-E 2.0 x1 Slot 3 x PCI Slot REAR I/O 1 x PS/2 Mouse 1 x PS/2 Keyboard 6 x USB 2.0 Port 1 x LAN Port 3 x Audio Jacks INTERNAL I/O 3 x USB 2.0 Header 6 x SATA II Connector (3Gb/s ) 1 x IDE Connector 1 x Floppy Connector 1 x Front Audio Header 1 x Front Panel Header 1 x CD-IN Header 1 x S/PDIF-Out Header 1 x CPU Fan Connector 2 x System Fan Connector 1 x COM Port Header DIMENSION ATX Form Factor Dimension: 30.5cm X 22cm ( W x L ) OS SUPPORT Supports Windows XP / Vista / 7 ACCESSORIES 3 x SATA Cable 1 x SATA Power Cable 1 x I/O Shield 1 x Fully Setup Driver CD 1 x User Manual FEATURES Supports BIO-unlocKING Windows 7 Compatible Supports Phenom II x6 Supports AM3 Supports 100% Solid capacitor Supports Fanless Supports Clean-Tone Supports O.N.E Supports Rapid Switch Supports Rapid Debug BIOS-Flasher Supports Toverclcoker OC software BIOSTARSupports GPU TA770XE3 OVERVIEW *The specification and pictures are subject to change without notice and the package contents may differ by area or your motherboard version!. -
694Tas User's Manual
694TAS USER'S MANUAL M/B For Socket 370 Pentium III Processor NO. G03-694TAS3A Release date: May 2002 Trademark: ∗ Pentium is registered trademark and Celeron is a trademark of Intel corporation, the other names and brands are the property of their respective owners. ∗ Specifications and Information contained in this documentation are furnished for information use only, and are subject to change at any time without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by manufacturer. TABLE OF CONTENT USER’S NOTICE ............................................................................. 1 MANUAL REVISION INFORMATION ............................................. 2 COOLING SOLUTIONS.................................................................. 2 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF 694TAS MOTHERBOARD 1-1 FEATURE OF MOTHERBOARD............................................................... 3 1-2 SPECIFICATION .......................................................................................... 4 1-3 PERFORMANCE LIST................................................................................ 5 1-4 LAYOUT & JUMPER SETTING................................................................ 6 CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION 2-1 HARDWARE INSTALLATION STEPS..................................................... 8 2-2 CHECKING MOTHERBOARD'S JUMPER SETTING .......................... 8 2-3 INSTALL CPU............................................................................................... 10 2-3-1 GLOSSARY....................................................................................................10 -
Single-Chip North Bridge for Pentium 4 Cpus with 800 Mhz FSB
Single-Chip North Bridge for Pentium 4 CPUs with 800 MHz FSB and8x/4x/2xAGPBus plus Advanced ECC Memory Controller supporting DDR400, 333, 266, and 200 (PC3200 / 2700 / 2100 / 1600) DDR DRAM for Desktop PC Systems Revision 0.4 April 14, 2003 VIA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Copyright Notice: Copyright © 2001, 2002, 2003, VIA Technologies Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of VIA Technologies Incorporated. The material in this document is for information only and is subject to change without notice. VIA Technologies Incorporated reserves the right to make changes in the product design without reservation and without notice to its users. Trademark Notices: VT8235, VT8236, VT8237 and PT800 may only be used to identify products of VIA Technologies. Intel™, Pentium™ and MMX™ are registered trademarks of Intel Corp. VIA C3™ is a registered trademark of VIA Technologies Athlon™ and AMD-K7™ are registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices Corp. Windows XP™. Windows 2000™. Windows ME™, Windows 98™, and Plug and Play™ are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corp. PCI™ is a registered trademark of the PCI Special Interest Group. PS/2™ is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp. All trademarks are the properties of their respective owners. Disclaimer Notice: No license is granted, implied or otherwise, under any patent or patent rights of VIA Technologies, Inc. VIA Technologies makes no warranties, implied or otherwise, in regard to this document and to the products described in this document. -
Motherboard Gigabyte Ga-A75n-Usb3
Socket AM3+ - AMD 990FX - GA-990FXA-UD5 (rev. 1.x) Socket AM3+ Pagina 1/3 GA- Model 990FXA- Motherboard UD5 PCB 1.x Since L2 L3Core System vendor CPU Model Frequency Process Stepping Wattage BIOS Name Cache Cache Bus(MT/s) Version AMD FX-8150 3600MHz 1MBx8 8MB Bulldozer 32nm B2 125W 5200 F5 AMD FX-8120 3100MHz 1MBx8 8MB Bulldozer 32nm B2 125W 5200 F5 AMD FX-8120 3100MHz 1MBx8 8MB Bulldozer 32nm B2 95W 5200 F5 AMD FX-8100 2800MHz 1MBx8 8MB Bulldozer 32nm B2 95W 5200 F5 AMD FX-6100 3300MHz 1MBx6 8MB Bulldozer 32nm B2 95W 5200 F5 AMD FX-4100 3600MHz 1MBx4 8MB Bulldozer 32nm B2 95W 5200 F5 Socket AM3 GA- Model 990FXA- Motherboard UD5 PCB 1.x Since L2 L3Core System vendor CPU Model Frequency Process Stepping Wattage BIOS Name Cache Cache Bus(MT/s) Version AMD Phenom II X6 1100T 3300MHz 512KBx6 6MB Thuban 45nm E0 125W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X6 1090T 3200MHz 512KBx6 6MB Thuban 45nm E0 125W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X6 1075T 3000MHz 512KBx6 6MB Thuban 45nm E0 125W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X6 1065T 2900MHz 512KBx6 6MB Thuban 45nm E0 95W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X6 1055T 2800MHz 512KBx6 6MB Thuban 45nm E0 125W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X6 1055T 2800MHz 512KBx6 6MB Thuban 45nm E0 95W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X6 1045T 2700MHz 512KBx6 6MB Thuban 45nm E0 95W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X6 1035T 2600MHz 512KBx6 6MB Thuban 45nm E0 95W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X4 980 3700MHz 512KBx4 6MB Deneb 45nm C3 125W 4000 F6 AMD Phenom II X4 975 3600MHz 512KBx4 6MB Deneb 45nm C3 125W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X4 970 3500MHz 512KBx4 6MB Deneb 45nm C3 125W 4000 F2 AMD Phenom II X4 965 3400MHz 512KBx4 -
Multiprocessing Contents
Multiprocessing Contents 1 Multiprocessing 1 1.1 Pre-history .............................................. 1 1.2 Key topics ............................................... 1 1.2.1 Processor symmetry ...................................... 1 1.2.2 Instruction and data streams ................................. 1 1.2.3 Processor coupling ...................................... 2 1.2.4 Multiprocessor Communication Architecture ......................... 2 1.3 Flynn’s taxonomy ........................................... 2 1.3.1 SISD multiprocessing ..................................... 2 1.3.2 SIMD multiprocessing .................................... 2 1.3.3 MISD multiprocessing .................................... 3 1.3.4 MIMD multiprocessing .................................... 3 1.4 See also ................................................ 3 1.5 References ............................................... 3 2 Computer multitasking 5 2.1 Multiprogramming .......................................... 5 2.2 Cooperative multitasking ....................................... 6 2.3 Preemptive multitasking ....................................... 6 2.4 Real time ............................................... 7 2.5 Multithreading ............................................ 7 2.6 Memory protection .......................................... 7 2.7 Memory swapping .......................................... 7 2.8 Programming ............................................. 7 2.9 See also ................................................ 8 2.10 References ............................................. -
Amd Athlon Ii X2 270 Manual
Amd Athlon Ii X2 270 Manual Specifications. Please visit AMD Athlon II X2 215 (rev. C3) and AMD Athlon II X2 270 pages for more detailed specifications. Review, Differences, Benchmarks, Specifications, Comments Athlon II X2 270. CPUBoss recommends the AMD Athlon II X2 270 based on its. See full details. Specifications. Please visit AMD Athlon II X2 270 and AMD Athlon II X2 280 pages for more detailed specifications of both. Far Cry 4 on AMD Athlon x2 340(Dual Core) 4GB RAM HD 6570 PC Specifications. Specifications. Please visit AMD Athlon II X2 270 and AMD FX-6300 pages for more detailed specifications of both. AMD Athlon II x2 260 (3.2GHz) Although the specifications of this cpu list 74C as the max temp, i prefer to stick to the old "65C max" rule-of-thumb for amd cpus. Amd Athlon Ii X2 270 Manual Read/Download AMD Athlon II X2 270u. 2 GHz, Dual core. Front view of AMD Athlon II X2 270u. 5.9 Out of 10. VS Review, Differences, Benchmarks, Specifications, Comments. Photos of the AMD Athlon II X2 270 Black Edition from the KitGuru Price Comparison Engine. Specifications. Please visit AMD Athlon II X2 270 and AMD FX-4300 pages for more detailed specifications of both. SPECIFICATIONS : Model : AMD Athlon II X2 270. CPU Clock Speed : 3.4 GHz. Core : 2. Total L2 Cache : 2 MB Sockets : Socket AM2+,Socket AM3 Supported. up vote -5 down vote favorite. These are my specifications: AMD Athlon II x2 270 CPU, AMD 760g GPU, 4GB RAM. grand-theft-auto-5. -
AMD Multi-Core Processors Providing Multiple Benefits for the Future
hard hat area | white paper AMD Multi-Core Processors Providing Multiple Benefits For The Future y now you probably have heard of variations this year. In 2007 the chipmakers (page 50). This month, we’ll focus on what dual- and multi-core processors. expect to introduce several multi-core AMD has planned for 2006 and beyond. B Both AMD and Intel released chips, beginning with quad-core offerings. dual-core chips in 2005, and both have We discussed Intel’s multi-core proces- Dual-Core Chips plans to release dozens more dual-core chip sors in the January 2006 issue of CPU In April 2005, AMD released its first dual-core chip aimed at the server and workstation market, the Opteron proces- Direct Connect Architecture vs. sor. There are several Opteron dual-core Legacy Systems 90nm processors ranging in clock speeds from 1.6GHz to 2.4GHz. Direct Connect Architecture lives up to its name by providing a for the past few years in its single-core chips. direct connection between the processor, the memory But now AMD has extended the use of Direct Connect Architecture to controller, and the I/O area to improve overall system connect the cores on a dual- or multi-core chip die and to connect each performance. AMD has used Direct Connect Architecture core to its memory controller. ▲ With multi-core architecture, each core on the chip has its own memory con- When using a dual-processor x86 legacy architecture, troller, which significantly improves memory performance. Using Direct Connect however, two processors then have to share the same Architecture to make a connection with the memory controller eliminates most memory control hub, which creates bottlenecks in data bottlenecks and makes multitasking easier. -
VIA EPIA M-Series Mini-ITX Mainboard Operation Guidelines
Operating Guidelines VIA EPIA M-Series Mini-ITX Mainboard Operation Guidelines The Ultra Compact Motherboard Form Factor From VIA Technologies Operating Guidelines Contents · Overview · Layout · Specifications · CLE266 Chipset Overview · I/O Back Panel Layout · Power Specifications · DVD Playback Tests · Power Consumption Tests · FliteDeck – System Management Suite · Smart5.1 – Intelligent 6 Channel Audio · Contact Operating Guidelines EPIA M-Series Overview The VIA EPIA M-Series Mini-ITX Mainboard is a revolutionary, ultra-compact x86 platform optimized for today’s killer digital applications. At just 17cm x 17cm, Mini- ITX is the world’s smallest native x86 mainboard platform, and is fully compatible with Microsoft® and Linux Operating Systems. Available with an embedded VIA Eden™ ESP processor core for fanless systems with ultra low-power requirements, or an embedded VIA C3™ E-Series processor for more demanding digital multimedia applications, the EPIA M-Series is the perfect platform for a whole range of small form factor, low-power digital media devices and home entertainment centers. EPIA M-Series Layout VIA Apollo CLE266 North Bridge, featuring int. 2D/3D graphics 1 x DDR266DIMM Embedded VIA C3™ -E or Eden™ ESP processor 2 x IDE Ports ATA/133/100/ Support VIA VT8235 South Bridge 10/100 Ethernet USB 2.0 1 PCI Slot TV-OUT IEEE 1394 Audio Jacks / VIA Smart5.1 Surround Sound Operating Guidelines EPIA M-Series Specifications Processor - VIA C3/Eden EBGA Processor Chipset - VIA CLE266 North Bridge - VT8235 South Bridge System Memory -
Single CPU Systems Last Updated on the 27Th of August 2020
27. 8. 2020 PassMark - CPU Benchmarks - List of Benchmarked CPUs Single CPU Systems Last updated on the 27th of August 2020 Column CPU Mark CPU Name (higher is better) AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3990X 80,087 AMD EPYC 7702 71,362 AMD EPYC 7742 67,185 AMD EPYC 7702P 64,395 AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970X 64,009 AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3960X 55,707 AMD EPYC 7452 53,478 AMD EPYC 7502P 48,021 AMD Ryzen 9 3950X 39,246 AMD EPYC 7402P 39,118 Intel Xeon Gold 6248R @ 3.00GHz 38,521 Intel Xeon Platinum 8280 @ 2.70GHz 37,575 AMD EPYC 7302P 37,473 Intel Xeon W-3275M @ 2.50GHz 37,104 Intel Core i9-10980XE @ 3.00GHz 33,967 Intel Xeon Platinum 8168 @ 2.70GHz 33,398 AMD Ryzen 9 3900XT 33,292 AMD Ryzen 9 3900X 32,845 AMD Ryzen 9 PRO 3900 31,989 Intel Core i9-9990XE @ 4.00GHz 31,941 AMD Ryzen Threadripper 2990WX 31,899 Intel Xeon W-3175X @ 3.10GHz 31,814 Intel Xeon W-2295 @ 3.00GHz 31,724 Intel Core i9-9980XE @ 3.00GHz 31,395 Intel Xeon Gold 6248 @ 2.50GHz 31,285 AMD Ryzen 9 3900 30,816 Intel Core i9-9960X @ 3.10GHz 30,663 AMD Ryzen Threadripper 2950X 30,488 Intel Xeon Platinum 8259CL @ 2.50GHz 30,250 Intel Xeon W-3265 @ 2.70GHz 30,105 Intel Xeon Platinum 8268 @ 2.90GHz 30,103 Intel Core i9-7980XE @ 2.60GHz 29,746 Intel Core i9-10940X @ 3.30GHz 29,559 Intel Xeon Gold 6254 @ 3.10GHz 29,356 https://www.cpubenchmark.net/cpu_list.php 1/81 27. -
CNPS8700 NT More
CNPS8700 NT More Compatible with Slim Tower / Low Profile Home Theatre PC Enclosures. Pentium 4, Celeron D, Pentium D, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Extreme, Sempron, Athlon 64, Athlon 64 X2, Athlon 64 FX, Opteron, Dual-Core Opteron Zalman CNPS8700 NT CPU Cooler The Best of 2007: X-bit Labs Reader¡¯s Choice Awards Socket CPU CPU Compatibility Celeron D Pentium 4 Pentium D Intel 775 Supports all speeds Core 2 Duo Core 2 Quad Core 2 Extreme Sempron Athlon 64 AM2 Supports all speeds Athlon 64 X2 Athlon 64 FX Sempron 754 Supports all speeds Athlon 64 Athlon 64 AMD Athlon 64 X2 939 Athlon 64 FX Supports all speeds Opteron Dual-Core Opteron Athlon 64 FX 940 Opteron Supports all speeds Dual-Core Opteron No motherboard components such as the PSU, disk drives, VGA card, and RAM with a height greater than 39mm should be present within a 61.5mm radius from the center of the CPU. Dimensions 120(L) x 123(W) x 67(H) mm Weight 475g Base Material Pure Copper Dissipation Area 3,300§² Bearing Type 2 Ball-Bearing Speed 1,150rpm ~ 2,100rpm ¡¾ 10 % Noise Level(1) 17.5dBA ~30.0dBA ¡¾ 10% Control Method PWM Control, Auto Restart (1) Measured 1m distance away from source. Compatible with all single, dual, and quad core CPUs for Intel socket 775 and AMD socket AM2/754/939/940. Compatible with Slim Tower / Low Profile Home Theatre PC Enclosures. Automatic Fan Speed Control feature included in the Ultra Quiet 110mm PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) enabled fan.