Áreas Naturales Protegidas Del Perú: El Comienzo
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Catalogue of the Amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and Annotated Species List, Distribution, and Conservation 1,2César L
Mannophryne vulcano, Male carrying tadpoles. El Ávila (Parque Nacional Guairarepano), Distrito Federal. Photo: Jose Vieira. We want to dedicate this work to some outstanding individuals who encouraged us, directly or indirectly, and are no longer with us. They were colleagues and close friends, and their friendship will remain for years to come. César Molina Rodríguez (1960–2015) Erik Arrieta Márquez (1978–2008) Jose Ayarzagüena Sanz (1952–2011) Saúl Gutiérrez Eljuri (1960–2012) Juan Rivero (1923–2014) Luis Scott (1948–2011) Marco Natera Mumaw (1972–2010) Official journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(1) [Special Section]: 1–198 (e180). Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation 1,2César L. Barrio-Amorós, 3,4Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, and 5J. Celsa Señaris 1Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA 2Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA 3Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010-A, VENEZUELA 4Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619–900, BRAZIL 5Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA Abstract.—Presented is an annotated checklist of the amphibians of Venezuela, current as of December 2018. The last comprehensive list (Barrio-Amorós 2009c) included a total of 333 species, while the current catalogue lists 387 species (370 anurans, 10 caecilians, and seven salamanders), including 28 species not yet described or properly identified. Fifty species and four genera are added to the previous list, 25 species are deleted, and 47 experienced nomenclatural changes. -
Multinational Mining Companies and the Local Political Economy of Violence in Peru
CORPORATE SECURITY GOVERNANCE: MULTINATIONAL MINING COMPANIES AND THE LOCAL POLITICAL ECONOMY OF VIOLENCE IN PERU by JONATHAN KISHEN GAMU A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Political Science) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2016 © Jonathan Kishen Gamu, 2016 ii Abstract Multinational corporations (MNCs) from the global mining industry have become increasingly active in security governance in areas of limited statehood. Since 2000 they have used dialogue and development activities to mitigate security risks associated with their operations. However, despite a proliferation of community engagement initiatives, violent protest in relation to industrial mining has risen globally. Accordingly, I analyze the efficacy of MNCs as security governors within the context of Peru’s mining sector. Over the past fifteen years this country has experienced a dramatic increase in mining- related social conflict, yet industrial mining has had heterogeneous effects locally. Using the subnational comparative method, I examine four cases that exhibit variation in conflict intensity in order to analyze the factors influencing MNCs’ impact on security. I argue that MNCs’ ability to mitigate violent social conflict is best explained using an analytical framework that accounts for the political economy of contention within which firms are embedded, and the intra-firm politics that determine their behaviour vis-à-vis civil society. The political economy of contention exogenous to firms establishes a local security baseline, predicting generic social conflict risks and patterns of violence likely to emerge during specific protest episodes. Given this external milieu, the organizational politics of the firm will determine its marginal effect. -
476 the AMERICAN ALPINE JOURNAL Glaciers That Our Access Was Finally Made Through the Mountain Rampart
476 THE AMERICAN ALPINE JOURNAL glaciers that our access was finally made through the mountain rampart. One group operated there and climbed some of the high-grade towers by stylish and demanding routes, while the other group climbed from a hid- den loch, ringed by attractive peaks, north of the valley and intermingled with the mountains visited by the 1971 St. Andrews expedition (A.A.J., 1972. 18: 1, p. 156). At the halfway stage we regrouped for new objec- tives in the side valleys close to Base Camp, while for the final efforts we placed another party by canoe amongst the most easterly of the smooth and sheer pinnacles of the “Land of the Towers,” while another canoe party voyaged east to climb on the islands of Pamiagdluk and Quvernit. Weather conditions were excellent throughout the summer: most climbs were done on windless and sunny days and bivouacs were seldom contem- plated by the parties abseiling down in the night gloom. Two mountains may illustrate the nature of the routes: Angiartarfik (1845 meters or 6053 feet; Grade III), a complex massive peak above Base Camp, was ascended by front-pointing in crampons up 2300 feet of frozen high-angled snow and then descended on the same slope in soft thawing slush: this, the easiest route on the peak, became impracticable by mid-July when the snow melted off to expose a crevassed slope of green ice; Twin Pillars of Pamiagdluk (1373 meters or 4505 feet; Grade V), a welded pair of abrupt pinnacles comprising the highest peak on this island, was climbed in a three-day sortie by traversing on to its steep slabby east wall and following a thin 300-metre line to the summit crest. -
The Most Frog-Diverse Place in Middle America, with Notes on The
Offcial journal website: Amphibian & Reptile Conservation amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 13(2) [Special Section]: 304–322 (e215). The most frog-diverse place in Middle America, with notes on the conservation status of eight threatened species of amphibians 1,2,*José Andrés Salazar-Zúñiga, 1,2,3Wagner Chaves-Acuña, 2Gerardo Chaves, 1Alejandro Acuña, 1,2Juan Ignacio Abarca-Odio, 1,4Javier Lobon-Rovira, 1,2Edwin Gómez-Méndez, 1,2Ana Cecilia Gutiérrez-Vannucchi, and 2Federico Bolaños 1Veragua Foundation for Rainforest Research, Limón, COSTA RICA 2Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, 11501-2060 San José, COSTA RICA 3División Herpetología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’-CONICET, C1405DJR, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA 4CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, PORTUGAL Abstract.—Regarding amphibians, Costa Rica exhibits the greatest species richness per unit area in Middle America, with a total of 215 species reported to date. However, this number is likely an underestimate due to the presence of many unexplored areas that are diffcult to access. Between 2012 and 2017, a monitoring survey of amphibians was conducted in the Central Caribbean of Costa Rica, on the northern edge of the Matama mountains in the Talamanca mountain range, to study the distribution patterns and natural history of species across this region, particularly those considered as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The results show the highest amphibian species richness among Middle America lowland evergreen forests, with a notable anuran representation of 64 species. -
4. DUELLMAN, WE & E. LEHR (2009). Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs
PUBLICATIONS (133 in total) BOOKS & BOOK CONTRIBUTIONS (peer-reviewed*) 4. DUELLMAN, W. E. & E. LEHR (2009). Terrestrial-Breeding Frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Münster, Germany, 382 pp. 3. LEHR, E. (2002). Amphibien und Reptilien in Peru: Die Herpetofauna entlang des 10. Breitengrades von Peru: Arterfassung, Taxonomie, ökologische Bemerkungen und biogeographische Beziehungen. Dissertation, Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Münster, Germany, 208 pp. 2. *BURKE, L. R., L. S. FORD, E. LEHR, S. MOCKFORD, P. C. H. PRITCHARD, J. P. O. ROSADO, D. M. SENNEKE, AND B. L. STUART (2007). Non-Standard Sources in a Standardized World: Responsible Practice and Ethics of Acquiring Turtle Specimens for Scientific Use, pp. 142– 146. In: SHAFFER, H.B., N. N. FITZSIMMONS, A. GEORGES & A. G.J. RHODIN (eds., 2007): Defining Turtle Diversity: Proceedings of a Workshop on Genetics, Ethics, and Taxonomy of Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises. Chelonian Research Monograph 4:1– 200. 1. *LEHR, E. (2005). The Telmatobius and Batrachophrynus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) species of Peru, pp. 39–64. In: E. O. LAVILLA & I. DE LA RIVA, (eds.), Studies on the Andean Frogs of the Genera Telmatobius and Batrachophrynus, Asociación Herpetológica Española, Monografías de Herpetología 7:1–349. SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES (peer-reviewed) 91. CATENAZZI, A., E. LEHR & R. VON MAY (2014): The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru. Biota Neotropica 13(4): 269–283. 90. MORAVEC, J., LEHR E., CUSI, J. C., CÓRDOVA, J. H. & V. Gvoždík (2014): A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera species group (Anura, Bufonidae) from the montane forest of the Selva Central, Peru. -
Folleto Inglés (1.995Mb)
Impressive trails Trekking in Áncash Trekking trails in Santa Cruz © J. Vallejo / PROMPERÚ Trekking trails in Áncash Áncash Capital: Huaraz Temperature Max.: 27 ºC Min.: 7 ºC Highest elevation Max.: 3090 meters Three ideal trekking trails: 1. HUAYHUASH MOUNTAIN RANGE RESERVED AREA Circuit: The Huayhuash Mountain Range 2. HUASCARÁN NATIONAL PARK SOUTH AND HUARAZ Circuit: Olleros-Chavín Circuit: Day treks from Huaraz Circuit: Quillcayhuanca-Cójup 3. HUASCARÁN NATIONAL PARK NORTH Circuit: Llanganuco-Santa Cruz Circuit: Los Cedros-Alpamayo HUAYHUASH MOUNTAIN RANGE RESERVED AREA Circuit: Huayhuash Mountain Range (2-12 days) 45 km from Chiquián to Llámac to the start of the trek (1 hr. 45 min. by car). This trail is regarded one of the most spectacular in the world. It is very popular among mountaineering enthusiasts, since six of its many summits exceed 6000 meters in elevation. Mount Yerupajá (6634 meters) is one such example: it is the country’s second highest peak. Several trails which vary in length between 45 and 180 kilometers are available, with hiking times from as few as two days to as many as twelve. The options include: • Circle the mountain range: (Llámac-Pocpa-Queropalca Quishuarcancha-Túpac Amaru-Uramaza-Huayllapa-Pacllón): 180 km (10-12 days). • Llámac-Jahuacocha: 28 km (2-3 days). Most hikers begin in Llámac or Matacancha. Diverse landscapes of singular beauty are clearly visible along the treks: dozens of rivers; a great variety of flora and fauna; turquoise colored lagoons, such as Jahuacocha, Mitucocha, Carhuacocha, and Viconga, and; the spectacular snow caps of Rondoy (5870 m), Jirishanca (6094 m), Siulá (6344 m), and Diablo Mudo (5223 m). -
Rutas Imponentes Rutas De Trekking En Áncash Ruta De Trekking Santa Cruz © J
Rutas imponentes Rutas de trekking en Áncash de Santa Cruz © J. Vallejo / PROMPERÚ trekking Ruta de Rutas de trekking en Áncash Áncash Capital: Huaraz Temperatura Máx.: 27 ºC Mín.: 7 ºC Altitud Máx.: 3090 msnm Tres rutas ideales para la práctica de trekking: 1. ZONA RESERVADA CORDILLERA HUAYHUASH (ZRCH) Circuito: Cordillera Huayhuash 2. PARQUE NACIONAL HUASCARÁN (PNH) SUR Y HUARAZ Circuito: Olleros-Chavín Circuito: Trekkings de 1 día desde Huaraz Circuito: Quillcayhuanca-Cójup 3. PARQUE NACIONAL HUASCARÁN (PNH) NORTE Circuito: Llanganuco-Santa Cruz Circuito: Los Cedros-Alpamayo ZONA RESERVADA CORDILLERA HUAYHUASH (ZRCH) Circuito: Cordillera Huayhuash (2-12 días) A 45 km de Chiquián a Llámac, donde se inicia la caminata (1 h 45 min en auto). Esta ruta es considerada como uno de los 10 circuitos más espectaculares en el mundo para el trekking. Además, es muy popular entre los aficionados al andinismo, pues entre sus múltiples cumbres, seis superan los 6000 m.s.n.m. Tal es el caso del nevado Yerupajá (6634 m.s.n.m.), el segundo más alto del país. Se pueden realizar diversas rutas que demandan entre 2 a 12 días de camino, por lo que la longitud del trekking varía según el tiempo de recorrido, siendo los promedios entre 45 y 180 kilómetros, así tenemos: • Rodear la cordillera (Llámac-Pocpa-Queropalca Quishuarcancha-Túpac Amaru-Uramaza-Huayllapa- Pacllón): 180 km (10-12 días). • Llámac-Jahuacocha: 28 km (2-3 días). La mayoría de caminantes suelen iniciar el recorrido en Llámac o Matacancha. Durante el recorrido es posible apreciar diversos paisajes de singular belleza como los espectaculares nevados: Rondoy (5870 m), Jirishanca (6094 m), Siulá (6344 m), Diablo Mudo (5223 m), entre otros; decenas de ríos; lagunas color turquesa como Jahuacocha, Mitucocha, Carhuacocha y Viconga; una gran diversidad de flora y fauna. -
INVITATION to the ANDES. John C. Oberlin
INVITATION TO THE ANDES INVITATION TO THE ANDES . • BY JOHN C. OBERLIN (Names of mountains printed in italic are unofficial.) ......... Scottish Himalayan Expedition and other similar small parties have stimulated the hopes and aroused the ambitions of young · mountaineers, not only of Great Britain, but also of North America. lt demonstrated that the right sort of amateur party with limited funds could nevertheless explore and· climb in a remote region with eminent satisfaction and success. Many are eager to follow the example. I suggest that the Andes of Peru may offer what they seek. Peru ~s a magnificent country, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west but largely draining into the Atlantic. This apparent anomaly is due to the extensive series of mountain ranges relatively near the coast which rise above 2o,ooo ft. and separate the strip of dry coastal plain from the luxuriant forests of the Amazon basin. .Most of the higher peaks are sheathed in snow and ice and many remain unclimbed despite the ready accessibility of their bases, for the simple reason that they are both difficult and dangerous. Other very large peaks, such as the volcano Coropuna (6,613 m.), offer no real problem other than their size. If the proper time of year is s~lected the weather is both com fortable and reliable, despite proximity to the equator, due to the effect of the cold Humboldt Current along· the coast and to the altitude of the valleys from which the peaks are reached. The Peruvians are friendly and most hospitable, and living and travel expenses are low. -
Trekking Como Actividad Turística Alternativa Para El Desarrollo Local Del Distrito De Olleros, Provincia De Huaraz
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS E.A.P. DE ADMINISTRACIÓN DE TURISMO Trekking como actividad turística alternativa para el desarrollo local del Distrito de Olleros, Provincia de Huaraz TESIS Para optar el Título Profesional de Licenciado en Administración de Turismo AUTOR Leydi Elsa Ramos Ledesma ASESOR Fray Masías Cruz Reyes Lima – Perú 2015 DEDICATORIA Con cariño y aprecio a Dios, mis queridos padres y hermanos por su apoyo y paciencia para el logro de este objetivo. 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS Este trabajo de tesis realizado es un esfuerzo que involucró el apoyo directo e indirecto de distintas personas; por ello deseo expresar mi agradecimiento a aquellos que me dieron su apoyo incondicional durante el desarrollo del trabajo de investigación. Al profesor Fray Cruz, profesor y guía, por su incansable apoyo en la corrección y asesoramiento de este trabajo de tesis. A mis padres y hermanos quienes estuvieron para brindarme toda su ayuda, a mis compañeros y amigos por su motivación. Asimismo a Carla, Carol, Claudia, Lorena, Sigrid, Verónica, Yulissa y Zully por su ayuda en la corrección y apoyo en el trabajo de campo. A los representantes de SERNANP - Huaraz, el Sr. Clodoaldo Figueroa y el Sr. Edson Ramírez. Asimismo, a representantes de la Asociación de Servicio de Auxiliares de Alta Montaña del Sector Olleros - Chavín, el Sr. Calixto Huerta y el Sr. Jorge Martel por su apoyo en las entrevistas realizadas. A representantes y estudiantes de la Escuela de Turismo de la Universidad Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo de Huaraz por las facilidades brindadas para la obtención de información de libros y tesis de la universidad referente a la actividad estudiada. -
Anura: Craugastoridae) with the Description of a New Species from Colombia
Acta Herpetologica 11(1): 31-45, 2016 DOI: 10.13128/Acta_Herpetol-16434 Molecular phylogenetics of the Pristimantis lacrimosus species group (Anura: Craugastoridae) with the description of a new species from Colombia Mauricio Rivera-Correa, Juan M. Daza* Grupo Herpetológico de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 # 53–108, Bloque 7–121, A.A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia. *Correspondig author. E-mail: [email protected] Submitted on 2015, 17th July; revised on 2015, 11thNovember; accepted on 2015, 16th November Editor: Adriana Bellati Abstract. The Pristimantis lacrimosus species group, with 24 species distributed in the Neotropics, is a group of arbo- real frogs commonly inhabiting bromeliads. Previous studies have claimed the group to be monophyletic but few spe- cies have been included in phylogenetic analyses. In this paper, we included five additional species from the northern Andes in Colombia and tested the monophyly of this phenetic group using genetic data under a Bayesian approach. Our results show that the P. lacrimosus group represents two distant and unrelated clades. Clade “A” is endemic to Colombia while Clade “B” encompasses species distributed in Central America, Ecuador and Peru. For the first time, we reveal the phylogenetic position of P. boulengeri and a new species is described. The new taxon is most closely related to P. brevifrons from southwestern Colombia with a genetic distance of 4.3% for 16S and 10.6% for COI. Our results suggest, one more time, that morphological similarity among species in the most diverse vertebrate genus not necessarily agree with its evolutionary history and that more effort in alpha taxonomy needs to be done in order to understand the tremendous radiation of this lineage in the Neotropics. -
D Altitud: 6025 Masl Artesonraju Is Located in The
ADVANCED LEVEL Grade: D Altitud: 6025 m.a.s.l. Artesonraju is located in the Santa Cruz and Paron Valleys. Artesonraju is an exciting and challenging climb that provides climbers exciting alpine rock and ice climbing, steep snowfields and an exposed ridge. Climbers will enjoy views of Santa Cruz Grande, Taulliraju, among others. Many suggest that Artesonraju, with its beautiful pyramid shape, is the mountain that is shown in the Paramount Pictures logo. Day 1: Huaraz – Cashapampa – Llamacorral (3760masl/12335’) This morning we’ll pick you up at your hotel and head towards the Callejón de Huaylas on the north side of Huaraz. As we head out of Huaraz the scenery quickly changes to beautiful traditional Andean villages and farmland. We’ll pass through Carhuaz, its name derived from qarwash which means yellow, and the color of the retama flower (broom flowers) known to the area (2650m/8692ft). Here we will find traditional homemade ice-cream, fresh milk, and the freshest local fruits. We continue and eventually reach the small town of Yungay. This town was completely buried by an avalanche that crashed down from Mt. Huascarán’s north peak in 1970. From here we begin our climb up the Llanganuco Valley to the entrance to the Llanganuco Valley where we will register at the National Park Control station. From here we pass the two lakes that are generally called the Llanganuco Lakes - Chinancocha and Orconcocha. On a clear day we will be humbled by the impressive peaks looming above including Huascarán, Chopicalqui, Pisco, Huandoy, and Chacraraju. After organizing our burros and loading up our gear, we’ll hike with day packs to Llamacorral (3760masl), where we’ll camp for the night. -
Technical Report Wc/91/25
TECHNICAL REPORT WC/91/25 BGS Technical Cooperation in Latin America (1965-90) British Geological Survey Natural Environment Research Council Technical Report WC/91/25 International Geology Series BGS Technical Cooperation in Latin America (1965-90) S J Mathers (Compiler) International Division Cover illustration Top right, a BGS geologist studying molybdenum mineralization at an altitude of 4900 m in the Andes near Jacabamba, Peru; Bottom right, Peruvian counterpart geoscientists preparing geochemical samples in the Cordillera Blanca, central Peru; Left, map of Latin America, red dots indicate locations of host countries. Bibliographic reference British Geological Survey. 1991, BGS Technical Cooperation in Latin America (1965-90). British Geological Survey Technical Report WC191125. © NERC copyright 1991 British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham 1991 This page is blank PROJECT LIST BY COUNTRY COUNTRY PROJECT TITLE DATE NO. Argentina 1 Advisors to "Plan Patagonia"' 1973 2 Mineral Exploration in Chubut Province 1983 Belize 3 Geology of the Maya Mountains 1969-70 Bolivia 4 Regional Geology, Central Bolivia 1974-75 5 Eastern Bolivia Mineral Exploration (Proyecto Precambrico) 1976-86 Brazil 6 Mineral Resources and Geological Advisors 1970-74 36 The Manaus - Georgetown Hovercraft Expedition 1971 Chile 7 "Magellan Project", Southern Chile 1969-70 8 Geological Advisors 1970-74 Colombia 9 Regional Geology, Valle, Southwest Colombia 1980-84 10 Pacific Precious Metals Project 1986-90 Costa Rica 11 Talamanca Cordillera Regional Geology 1975-77