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Home , Bowing, Genuflection, Salute

When should we bow and genuflect at ? ows and are two of a- va institution narrative of the Eucharistic af- riety of bodily used by human ter he has shown the consecrated host to the as- Bbeings over the centuries to honor indi- sembly as well as after showing the , and viduals and objects in religious as well as secular then after the exchange of peace right before settings. Similar external signs of respect are he shows both species to the assembly when he still common in various contexts. For example, invites them to . in many cultures, including the U.S., people reg- ularly stand when a dignitary enters a room and If the tabernacle is not in a separate Eucharistic soldiers an , both of which gestures chapel of reservation, but is located in the sanc- are understood as signs of respect. tuary, the priest and other ministers genuflect when they arrive at the sanctuary at the begin- The General Instruction of the ning of Mass and when they leave at the end of last revised in 2002 (2002 GIRM) presents norms Mass. During the celebration of Mass, however, about the actions used to express reverence they do not genuflect to the tabernacle. Out- and respect at Mass, and includes directions side the celebration of Mass, it is appropriate to about when to genuflect (n. 274) and when to genuflect whenever passing in front of the tab- bow (n. 275). In addition to these two gestures ernacle. of respect, reverence, and adoration, the is External bodily also used to honor the and the Book of the On the and on , as a spe- Gospels (n. 273). cial way to honor the mystery of the Incarnation, gestures during the entire assembly genuflects during the The GIRM (n. 298) reminds us of the ancient tra- in lieu of (n. 137). liturgical ac- dition of seeing the altar as representing Christ, the Living Stone (cf. 1 Peter 2:4). Because of this The Psalmist exhorts us to “bow down in wor- tions as well as association, a bow of the body is prescribed as ship” (Ps 95:6) and St. Paul reminds us that “every the normal made toward the altar, as if knee should bend” at the name of (Phil at other moments toward Christ himself. In particular, all the min- 2:10). Genuflecting toward the tabernacle and isters bow toward the altar when they arrive at bowing toward the altar are physical gestures of prayer remind the sanctuary at the beginning of Mass and at that bring home to us that our religion is incar- the end of Mass, before leaving the sanctuary. national, and that since Christ became “like us in us that human The priest or deacon also bows during other all things,” all aspects of our humanity should be moments during the Mass, for example, when involved in praising God. External bodily ges- beings worship preparing to proclaim the . In addition, tures during liturgical actions as well as at other this “profound bow” is made by the entire as- moments of prayer in a church or chapel, by God not merely sembly during the Creed at the words “by the ministers or by any other member of the faith- power of the . . . became man.” ful, continually remind us that human beings through words worship God not merely through words and A bow of the head is prescribed when the per- thoughts, but with their entire bodies as well. and thoughts, but sons of the Trinity are named together (as at the sign of the ), at the name of Jesus, of his © 2002, Dennis C. Smolarski SJ, Used with permission. with their entire mother, and of the saint honored in the liturgy that day. In addition, in the U.S., the bodies as well. have determined that the sign of reverence to be made before receiving Communion is a bow of the head.

The , seen as a sign of adoration, is reserved for the as well as for the cross between its solemn on and the beginning of the Vigil. During Mass, the priest celebrant genuflects during the Office of Liturgy Catholic Diocese of Saginaw