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Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc (Zingiberaceae): a Review on Its Chemical, Pharmacological and Biological Activities Shankar Gharge, Sushmita I

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Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc (Zingiberaceae): a Review on Its Chemical, Pharmacological and Biological Activities Shankar Gharge, Sushmita I Gharge et al. Futur J Pharm Sci (2021) 7:166 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00316-1 Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences REVIEW Open Access Curcuma zedoaria Rosc (Zingiberaceae): a review on its chemical, pharmacological and biological activities Shankar Gharge, Sushmita I. Hiremath, Pooja Kagawad, Kadambari Jivaje, Mahesh S. Palled and Shailendra S. Suryawanshi* Abstract Background: Around 80% of human population in the world relies on herbal or phytomedicines for their primary health care needs. The treatment of many diseases and disorders with phytomedicines is considered and observed as very safe with no or minimal side efects. Many medicinal plants and their preparations are practised at home as rem- edies for treating and preventing various diseases and disorders. For example, medicinal plants and their crude parts such as tulsi, neem, turmeric and ginger are used to cure or treat several common ailments, out of which Curcuma zedoaria Rosc commonly known as white turmeric is one of the important crude drugs belonging to Zingiberaceae family and genus Curcuma. Traditionally, it has been reported to possess many biological activities been used for many therapeutic actions due to the presence of wide range of phytoconstituents in it. The main objectives of the present work are to carry out extensive review on its chemical, pharmacological and biological activities of plant. Main body: In the present review article, extensive data on its chemical, pharmacological and biological activities have been collected from various online sources including indexing sites such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Research Gate and presented. Various articles published in indexed journals and other databases have been col- lected and reviewed systematically. Conclusion: The present review investigation is very much helpful for researchers and readers to collectively have valuable information on chemistry, pharmacology and biological efects of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. The present inves- tigation concludes that the white turmeric is found to possess complex range of phytoconstituents such as curcumin, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, β-turmerone, β-eudesmol, zingiberene, dihydrocurcumin, furanodiene, α-phellandrene, 1–8 cineole, β-elemense and germacrone. Due to the presence of wide range of phytoconstituents, plants have been reported for its diverse biological activities. Keywords: Anticancer, β-Eudesmol, Biological activities, Curcuma, Phytoconstituents, White turmeric Background safe with no or minimal side efects. Many medicinal Around 80% of human population in the world relies on plants and their preparations are practised at home as herbal or phytomedicines for their primary health care remedies for treating and preventing various diseases and needs. Te treatment of many diseases and disorders disorders. For example, medicinal plants and their crude with phytomedicines is considered and observed as very parts such as tulsi, neem, turmeric and ginger are used to cure or treat several common ailments, out of which Cur- *Correspondence: [email protected] cuma zedoaria Rosc commonly known as white turmeric Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy is one of the important crude drugs belonging to Zingib- Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, eraceae family and genus Curcuma. Traditionally, it has Belagavi 560010, Karnataka, India been reported to possess many biological activities been © The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Gharge et al. Futur J Pharm Sci (2021) 7:166 Page 2 of 9 used for many therapeutic actions due to the presence of subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and two gram-neg- wide range of phytoconstituents in it [1]. Many research- ative bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli and Pseu- ers have been scientifcally worked on various chemical domonas aeruginosa [5]. Islam et al. have reported and biological investigations of white turmeric and they antibacterial activity from ethanol extract of Curcuma have published research papers in various journals and zedoaria Rosc against 8 pathogenic bacteria namely in scientifc databases. Literature search revealed that, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, till date, no reports have been published on its extensive Bacillus magaterium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas review about chemical, pharmacological and biological aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, Shigella boydi, and anti- activities of white turmeric. Hence, there is solid need to fungal activity against three species of fungi aspergillus have collective information about chemical and biological niger, candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae [6]. database of plant which will be helpful to other research- Israr et al. have reported antibacterial activity of etha- ers and readers. With respect to this need, we have made nolic extract using Mueller–Hinton agar against gram an attempt to carry out the present review work. bacteria’s [7]. Banisalam et al. have reported antibacte- rial activity from chloroform, petroleum ether, methanol Main text extract by comparing in vivo and in vitro systems. In vivo Methodology for data collection comparison was performed and two gram-negative bac- In the present review article, extensive data on its chemi- teria namely Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cal, pharmacological and biological activities have been and against two gram-positive strains against Bacillus collected from various online sources including index- cerveu and Staphylococcus aureus using agar well difu- ing sites such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and sion method [8]. Anastasia et al. have reported antibac- Research Gate and presented. Various articles published terial activity from extract against Enterococcus faecal in indexed journals and other databases have been col- [9]. Batubara et al. have reported antibacterial activity lected and reviewed systematically. from essential oil extract plant against Streptococcus mutans by using microdilution method. Te essential Chemical composition oil is diluted in DMSO to obtain a concentration stock White turmeric is found to possess diferent types of of (10,000 µg/ml) and made it several concentrations primary and secondary metabolites. Te main compo- added in well plates and also TSB medium and bacterial nents of plant are starch, curcumin, essential oil and Ara- inoculant were added and this is incubated at 37 °C for bic gums. Te rhizome of the plant is found to possess 24 h and minimum inhibitory concentration was deter- more than 10 sesquiterpenes which include curcumin mined [10]. Silalahi et al. have reported antimicrobial (1), ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (2), β-turmerone (3 and activity against gram-negative bacteria namely Salmo- 4), β-eudesmol (5), zingiberene (6), dihydrocurcumin nella paratyphi, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio parahaemo- (7), furanodiene (8), α-phellandrene (9), 1,8 cineole (10), lyticus, Vibrio minicus, E coli, Shigella and gram-positive β-elemene (11) and germacrone (12). Te chemistry of bacteria namely Bacillus cereus, Bacillus magaterium, important chemical components of white turmeric is Bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, Sarcinlutea [11]. presented in Fig. 1 [1]. Joyjamras et al. have reported antimicrobial activity from water and 95% ethanol extract of against staphylococcus Pharmacological and biological activities aureus by agar difusion method and minimal inhibitory Antimicrobial activity concentration was determined by using microdilution Sudipta et al. have reported antimicrobial activity of method [12]. Handharyani et al. have reported antimi- Curcuma zedoaria Rosc against two gram-positive bac- crobial activity from nanoparticle extract of Curcuma teria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, zedoaria Rosc to CRD (chromic respiratory disease) in three gram-negative bacteria such as Enterococcus faeca- chicken mainly infected by Escherichia coli and mgal- lis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three liseptiu [13]. Rmwetal et al. have studied that methanol fungal strains namely Aspergillus niger, A. favous, fusar- extract from leaves and petroleum ether extract of rhi- ium oxysporum and one yeast called Candida albicans zome for its antimicrobial activity against gram-nega- and activity is done by means of agar difusion method tive, gram-positive, bacteria and fungi Staphylococcus [3]. Chachad et al. have reported antimicrobial activity aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus magaterium, Sarcina of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc using nutrient agar medium lutea, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmo- whereas antifungal activity is measured using potato dex- nella typhi, Shigella boydi, and fungi candida albicans, trose agar against
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