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Gambaran Umum Dan Kondisi Wilayah Kota Pematangsiantar

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Gambaran Umum Dan Kondisi Wilayah Kota Pematangsiantar Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 BAB 2 GAMBARAN UMUM DAN KONDISI WILAYAH KOTA PEMATANGSIANTAR 2.1. Kondisi Umum 2.1.1 Profil Geografi Kota Pematangsiantar secara geografis terletak di bagian tengah Sumatera Utara, terletak pada garis 2° 53’ 20” Lintang Utara (LU) dan 99° 1’ 00” - 99° 6’ 35” Bujur Timur (BT) pada peta bumi dan berada di tengah-tengah kabupaten Simalungun. Letak geografis Kota Pematangsiantar ditunjukkan pada Gambar Peta 2.1. Wilayah administrasi Kota Pematangsiantar terbagi menjadi 8 kecamatan. Luas wilayah administrasi Kota Pematangsiantar adalah 79,971 km2 (lihat Tabel 2.1 dan Peta 2.2). 2-1 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 Tabel 2.1 Luas Wilayah Kota Pematangsiantar Persentas Luas Luas No Kecamatan Kelurahan e (Km²) (Km²) (%) Sukamaju 20,30 Pardamean 8,10 Sukaraja 171,00 Siantar 1 7,825 BP. Nauli 233,52 9,78 Marihat Suka Makmur 36,70 Parhorasan Nauli 30,40 Mekar Nauli 282,48 Simarimbun 612,04 Nagahuta 259,60 Siantar 18,006 Pematang Marihat 162,80 2 22,52 Marimbun Tong Marimbun 379,76 Nagahuta Timur 147,40 Marihat Jaya 239,00 Aek Nauli 27,00 Martimbang 49,50 Kristen 37,50 3 Siantar Selatan 2,020 2,53 Toba 28,00 Karo 33,50 Simalungun 26,50 Sipinggol-pinggol 37,00 Teladan 36,00 Dwikora 25,50 4 Siantar Barat 3,205 Proklamasi 38,50 4,01 Timbang Galung 37,50 Simarito 42,00 Banjar 36,00 Bantan 68,00 Melayu 37,00 4,56 5 Siantar Utara 3,650 Baru 25,00 Sukadame 51,00 Bane 117,00 Sigulang-Gulang 58,00 2-2 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 Kebun Sayur 37,50 Tomuan 91,00 Pahlawan 42,00 Siopat Suhu 187,00 6 Siantar Timur 4,520 Merdeka 23,00 Pardomuan 25,50 Asuhan 46,00 Sumber Jaya 222,60 Nagapita 115,55 Pondok Sayur 293,90 Siantar 7 18,022 Tambun Nabolon 383,00 22,45 Martoba Nagapitu 67,25 Tanjung Pinggir 504,50 Tanjung Tongah 215,40 Bah Kapul 356,55 Gurilla 953,30 Siantar 8 Setia Negara 464,00 28,41 Sitalasari 22,723 Bukit Sofa 87,20 Bah Sorma 411,25 Jumlah 79,971 100 Sumber : Kota Pematangsiantar Dalam Angka, 2011. 2-3 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 Gambar 2.1 Peta Orientasi Wilayah Sumber: RTRW Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2012 - 2032 2-4 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 Gambar 2.2 Batas Administrasi Kota Pematangsiantar Sumber: RTRW Kota Pematangsiantar 2012 - 2032 2-5 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 2.1.2 Profil Demografi Penduduk Kota Pematangsiantar pada tahun 2010 mencapai 234.698 jiwa yang tersebar pada 8 (delapan) kecamatan, dimana Kecamatan Siantar Utara merupakan kawasan yang memiliki jumlah penduduk terbanyak dengan 46.423 jiwa, sementara Kecamatan Siantar Marimbun merupakan kawasan dengan jumlah penduduk terkecil, yaitu 14.642 jiwa. Adapun kepadatan penduduk tertinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Siantar Utara diikuti Siantar Barat dan Siantar Timur yaitu masing-masing 12.719 jiwa/km2, 10.915 jiwa/km2 serta 8.508 jiwa/km2. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kegiatan perdagangan dan jasa terkonsentrasi di ketiga kecamatan tersebut sedangkan di sisi lain kecamatan-kecamatan yang mengalami kepadatan penduduk sedang dan rendah merupakan area yang didominasi oleh permukiman maupun pertanian. Dari segi jenis kelamin, penduduk berjenis kelamin perempuan di Kota Pematangsiantar pada tahun 2010 berjumlah 120.137 jiwa dan penduduk laki-laki berjumlah 114.561 jiwa (sex ratio sebesar 95,36). A. Penggunaan Lahan Dari hasil interpretasi foto satelit tersebut diperoleh informasi penggunaan lahan (land-use) Kota Pematangsiantar yang meliputi peta penggunaan lahan dan tabel penggunaan lahan. Hasil interpretasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 24 kategori pemanfaatan ruang di Kota Pematangsiantar, yang dibagi dalam 3 kategori yaitu non-urban, urban dan utilitas. Dari tabel tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa penggunaan lahan terbesar di Kota Pematangsiantar adalah sebagai berikut: - sawah : 2.750,02 Ha (34,39%), - permukiman : 2.008,16 Ha (25.11%), - kebun sawit : 1.025,39 Ha (12.82%), - kebun campuran : 1.210,10 Ha (15,13%), - penggunaan lahan lainnya : (3.13%), - perdagangan dan jasa : (2.37%), - industri : (1.86%), - pendidikan : (1.07%). 2-6 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 Gambar 2.3 Penggunaan Lahan di Kota Pematangsiantar Sumber : RTRW Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2012-2032 Dari angka-angka tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa penggunaan lahan Kota Pematangsiantar masih didominasi oleh kelompok non urban (pertanian) yang meliputi 63.88% dari total wilayah kota, dimana sawah merupakan komponen terbesar. Sementara penggunaan lahan kelompok urban hanya meliputi 32.36% dari total wilayah kota. Angka-angka tersebut juga menunjukkan bahwa Kota Pematangsiantar tidak memiliki lahan/area dengan kategori ‘kawasan lindung’ yang meliputi hutan primer, hutan sekunder, rawa dan sebagainya. B. Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk - Populasi (2011) : 243,053 jiwa - Populasi (2015) : 279,557 jiwa (proyeksi) - Jumlah Kepadatan : 3,148 jiwa/km2 Jenis Kelamin - Laki : 52,23% - Perempuan : 54,90 % - Usia Tengah (median) : 35 tahun - Lulusan Perguruan Tinggi (S1-S3) : 2,37% - Lulusan Pendidikan Dasar (SD-SMA) : 95% 2-7 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 - Gambar 2.4 Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk Menurut Jenis Kelamin 75+ 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 Lk 30-34 Pr 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 ,0 10000,0 20000,0 30000,0 40000,0 Sumber : RTRW Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2012-2032 Berdasarkan rumus proyeksi yang ada maka jumlah penduduk dan kepadatan penduduk (per kecamatan) dalam proyeksi 5 tahun ke depan dapat ditampilkan pada tabel berikut ini: 2-8 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 Tabel 2.2 Jumlah Penduduk dan Kepadatan Penduduk Tahun 2012-2017 Kepadatan Jumlah Penduduk Luas Penduduk (Jiwa) No Kecamatan Wilayah (Jiwa/km2) (km2) 2012 2017 2012 2017 Siantar 1 Marihat 7.825 18.797 19.135 2.402 2.445 Siantar 2 Marimbun 18.006 12.745 12.267 708 681 Siantar 3 Selatan 2.020 20.952 21.653 10.372 10.720 4 Siantar Barat 3.205 46.525 50.435 14.516 15.736 5 Siantar Utara 3.650 49.305 53.736 13.508 14.722 6 Siantar Timur 4.520 42.254 45.692 9.348 10.109 Siantar 7 Martoba 18.022 26.948 27.077 1.495 1.580 Siantar 8 Sitalasari 22.723 22.127 22.007 974 1.018 Total 79.791 239.654 252.003 2.997 3.151 Sumber : RTRW Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2012-2032 C. Struktur Penduduk Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan Struktur pendidikan penduduk Kota Pematangsiantar dicirikan dengan besarnya proporsi penduduk tamat SMTA (44,43%), diikuti oleh kelompok penduduk tamat SD (26,34%) dan tamat SMTP (24,26%). Sementara kelompok tamat diploma/sarjana hanya sebesar 2,37% (Tabel 2.3). 2-9 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 Tabel 2.3 Penduduk Berumur 10 Tahun ke atas Menurut Tingkat Pendidikan No. Ijazah Tertinggi Jumlah (Jiwa) Persentase 1 Tidak/belum pernah sekolah 439 0.22 2 Tidak/belum tamat SD 4,751 2.38 3 Tamat SD 52,581 26.34 4 Tamat SMTP 48,429 24.26 5 Tamat SMTA Umum 88,694 44.43 6 Tamat Diploma/Sarjana 4,731 2.37 199,626 100.00 Sumber : Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat Kota Pematangsiantar, 2008. Gambar 2.5 Struktur Penduduk Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan Tidak/belum pernah sekolah Tidak/belum tamat SD Tamat SD Tamat SMTP Tamat SMTA Umum Tamat Diploma/Sarjana Sumber : RTRW Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2012-2032 Berdasarkan angka tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penduduk Kota Pematangsiantar pada umumnya memiliki kualitas SDM yang relatif baik, di mana hal ini berimplikasi dengan berbagai hal. Pertama, kondisi ini menunjukkan tingginya kesempatan berkembang dan mengembangkan kegiatan ekonomi baru di mana kedua hal tersebut menunjukkan tingginya potensi pengembangan sektor-sektor perkotaan yang membutuhkan tenaga kerja terdidik. 2-10 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 D. Struktur Penduduk Berdasarkan Tingkat Mata Pencarian Pada Tahun 2008, struktur mata pencaharian Kota Pematangsiantar dicirikan dengan dominannya sektor perdagangan dan jasa sebagai sumber mata pencaharian penduduk, yaitu masing-masing 38,76% dan 24,14%. Sementara sektor lainnya masing-masing memiliki proporsi yang relatif rendah, seperti industri (9,41%), pertanian (8,81%), konstruksi (7,97%), angkutan (7,24%) dan keuangan (2,66%). Adapun sektor mata pencaharian terendah adalah pertambangan dan penggalian (0,25%) (Tabel 2.4). Tabel 2.4 Penduduk Berumur 15 Tahun ke atas yang bekerja menurut Pekerjaan Utama No. Lapangan Usaha Utama Jumlah (Jiwa) Persentase 1 Pertanian 17,587 8.81 2 Pertambangan dan Penggalian 499 0.25 3 Industri 18,785 9.41 4 Listrik, Gas dan Air 1,517 0.76 5 Konstruksi 15,910 7.97 6 Perdagangan 77,375 38.76 7 Angkutan dan Komunikasi 14,453 7.24 8 Keuangan 5,310 2.66 9 Jasa 48,190 24.14 10 Lainnya 0 0.00 Jumlah 199,626 100.00 Sumber : Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat Kota Pematangsiantar, 2008. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa sektor-sektor tersier sudah menjadi mata pencaharian sebagian besar penduduk Kota Pematangsiantar (lebih dari 80% penduduk). Sementara sektor primer dan sekunder bersama-sama hanya menyumbang 18% dari total lapangan kerja. Angka tersebut mempertegas data PDRB di mana sektor tersier merupakan sektor terbesar dalam perekonomian kota. Selanjutnya informasi ini juga menjadi pertimbangan dalam kebijakan pengembangan kota di mana penyediaan ruang bagi pengembangan sektor-sektor tersier menjadi prioritas pemerintah kota. 2-11 Revisi RPIJM Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013-2017 2.1.3 Profil Ekonomi Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kota Pematangsiantar atas dasar harga berlaku pada tahun 2010 sebesar 4.163.437,74 juta rupiah dengan kontribusi terbesar diberikan oleh sektor perdagangan, Hotel dan Restoran yaitu sebesar 34,02%. Sedangkan sektor yang paling kecil memberikan sumbangan terhadap PDRB adalah sektor pertambangan dan penggalian yaitu sebesar 0,02%.
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