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A New Species of Gastrochilus and New Records for the Orchids of Nepal

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Phytotaxa 233 (2): 179–184 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.233.2.5 A new species of Gastrochilus and new records for the orchids of Nepal BHAKTA BAHADUR RASKOTI State Key Laboratory of Systematics and Evolutionary Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China (permanent ad- dress: Pokharathok-9, Arghakhanchi, Nepal); e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Gastrochilus nepalensis, a new species of orchids from central Nepal is described. A key to its allied species is provided. Thirteen species are reported as new records for Nepal: Epipogium japonicum, Goodyera nankoensis, Habenaria davidii, Habenaria wolongensis, Herminium chloranthum, Herminium kamengense, Herminium longilobatum, Herminium pusillum, Liparis campylostalix, Peristylus calcaratus, Platanthera stenochila, Platanthera roseotincta, Platanthera yadongensis. Key words: Habenaria, Herminium, Liparis, Peristylus, Platanthera, Flora Introduction Gastrochilus Don (32: 1825) is a genus of about 60 species (Govaerts et al. 2015) restricted to East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia with its centre in southern China and northeast India (Tsi 1999, Pridgeon et al. 2003). It is distributed in the tropical, subtropical as well as temperate zone (Pearce & Cribb 2002, Pridgeon et al. 2003, Chen et al. 2009). This is a distinct genus which is characterized by a monopodial stem, its immobile lip firmly adnate to the column, saccate hypochile, short bifid rostellum, and porate pollinia (Tsi 1999, Pearce & Cribb 2002). Seven species of Gastrochilus are currently known from Nepal, with most of the species occurring in the subtropical to temperate zone and a few species in the tropical zone (Hara et al. 1978, Banerji & Pradhan 1984, Press et al. 2000, Department of Plant Resources 2001, Rajbhandari & Dahal 2004, Rajbhandari & Baral 2010). During fieldwork in the Nepal Himalayas in 2007, a remarkable species of Gastrochilus was collected. The morphological characters of this species do not match any of the previously described species in the genus. Therefore, this species is described here as a new taxon. In floristic surveys during 2007 to 2011 in different part of Nepal, thirteen new records of orchids for the flora of Nepal were also reported. Material and methods Specimens were collected according to the standard procedures during floristic surveys carried out in the different part of Nepal Himalayas in the period between 2007 to 2011. The specimens were dried and deposited in the National Herbarium and Plant Laboratories (KATH), Godawari, Lalitpur, Nepal. General features such as vegetative and floral characters of species were carefully examined from the preserved plant under a stereomicroscope. The new species was described after carefully examination of herbarium specimens. Comparisons with related species were made based on literature sources (Banerji & Pradhan 1984, Hooker 1890, King & Pantling 1898, Tsi 1999, Pearce & Cribb 2002, Chen et al. 2009). New records were confirmed after consulting the literature sources (Hara et al. 1978, Banerji & Pradhan 1984, Press et al. 2000, Department of Plant Resources 2001, Rajbhandari & Dahal 2004, Rajbhandari & Baral 2010, Rokaya et al. 2013). Accepted by Cássio van den Berg: 11 Oct. 2015; published: 4 Nov. 2015 179 Description of the species Gastrochilus nepalensis Raskoti, sp. nov. Fig 1. Type:—NEPAL. Central Nepal: Kaski District, above Deurali on the way to Kande, about 2350 m, 22 March 2007, Bhakta B. Raskoti 00745 (holotype: KATH!). FIGURE 1. Gastrochilus nepalensis A. Flowering plant. B. Flower (front view). C. Flower (dorsal view). D. Flower (ventral view). E. Dorsal sepal. F. Lateral sepal. G. Petal. H. Floral parts (spread). I. Lip. J. Floral bract. K. Pedicel and ovary with column. L. Fruit. M. Pollinia (side view). N. Pollinia (front view). (All figures from the type specimen Bhakta B. Raskoti 00745). 180 • Phytotaxa 233 (2) © 2015 Magnolia Press RASKOTI Diagnosis: Gastrochilus nepalensis is related to G. affinis (King & Pantling 1998: 228) Schlechter (1913: 314), but differs by having the leaf apex not tridentate, epichile of the lip distinctly three lobed, lateral lobes of the epichile entire and much larger than the midlobe, midlobe suborbicular without a line of median ridge but with a papillose or rugose callus. Epiphytic pendulous herbs about 7 cm long. Roots rigid, wiry, flexuose. Stem pendent, covered with sheathing leaf-bases. Leaves distichous, oblong-lanceolate, base sheathing, apex subacute, leathery, green tinged purple, 1.5–2 cm long, 0.5 cm wide. Inflorescence axillary, arising laterally near the base of leaves, 1–3-flowered, 1.5–2 cm long; peduncle slender, tinged purple, with ovate, acute sterile bracts; floral bracts laxly arranged, ovate, apices acute, concave, whitish-brown tinged purple, ca. 2 mm long. Flowers not widely opening, ca. 5 mm across, pedicel and ovary 6 mm, ovary terete, ridged, tinged purple. Dorsal sepal oblong-elliptic, apex obtuse, violet with whitish green margin, curved, ventral side with a central keel, 3.0 × ca. 1.5 mm; lateral sepals oblong, apex sub-acute, violet with whitish green margin,1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide. Petals elliptic, apex obtuse, violet with whitish green margin, 2.5 × 1.0 mm, curved, concave. Lip hypochile saccate, tinged with deep purple, 3×2 mm, sac conical, bifid, spur-like; epichile 3-lobed, lateral lobes subauriform, 2×1.5 mm, light green flushed with violet, margin entire; midlobe violet with whitish green margins, suborbicular, 1×1 mm, base with rugose callus, margins entire. Column broad, ca. 2 mm long; operculum semicircular, 1 × 1 mm; pollinia 2, globose, 1.5 mm, stipe 1 mm, viscidium ca. 1 mm. Fruit an ovoid capsule, tinged with dark purple,1 cm long and ca. 1.8 cm in diameter. Flowering time:—March Distribution:—Known only from type locality in central Nepal. Habit and habitat:—Epiphytic on moss covered medium sized tree trunks and main branches mainly in the primary forest having partial shade. Etymology:—Named for Nepal, the country of type locality. Notes:—Gastrochilus nepalensis is morphologically related to G. affinis by sharing characters such as purple- tinged leaves and the spur-like conical lip hypochile with a bilobed apex. However, G. nepalensis differs from G. affinis by having the leaf apex not tridentate, and floral characters such as the distinctly 3-lobed lip epichile violet with whitish-green margins, epichile lateral lobes entire and much larger than the midlobe, midlobe much smaller, suborbicular without a line or median ridge but with a papillose or rugose callus. Gastrochilus affinis, in contrast, has a tridentate leaf-apex, an entire, triangular and larger yellowish epichile with a median ridge, and erose margins at the base. Gastrochilus nepalensis flowering time is March (G. affinis is June–July). Other two species, Gastrochilus distichus (Lindley 1859: 36) Kuntze (1891: 661) and G. pseudodisticus (King & Pantling 1995: 341) Schlechter (1913: 315) are somewhat similar to G. nepalensis in general morphology but these two species have comparatively larger epichile and unlobed hypochile. The vegetative growing of the plants is more vigorous with longer stems in G. disticus and G. psudodisticus and often forming clumps. Key to Gastrochilus nepalensis and allied species 1a. Hypochile not lobed ...........................................................................................................................................................................2 1b. Hypochile bilobed ..............................................................................................................................................................................3 2a. Epichile with a callus .........................................................................................................................................................G. distichus 2b. Epichile without a callus ....................................................................................................................................... G. pseudodistichus 3a. Midlobe of epichile triangular with a median ridge ..............................................................................................................G. affinis 3b. Midlobe of epichile suborbicular with a rugose callus ...................................................................................................G. nepalensis New records for the flora of Nepal Nepal has about 458 species of orchids (Rokaya et al. 2013) and the number of addition has been accelerating in recent years. In the following, thirteen species are added from different parts of Nepal. Herminium chloranthum Tang & Wang (1940: 32–33) NEPAL. Central Nepal: Mustang district, above Jharkot at 3,800 m, Raskoti 00139 (KATH). Habitat: Terrestrial in alpine meadows on moraine deposits. Flowering time: August. Distribution: China, Nepal. A NEW SPECIES OF GASTROCHILUS Phytotaxa 233 (2) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 181 Herminium longilobatum Hegde & Rao (1982: 47) NEPAL. Eastern Nepal: Solukhumbu district, below Sete, 2,500 m, Raskoti 01299 (KATH). Habitat: Terrestrial in forest margins on humus rich places. Flowering time: July. Distribution: China, India, Nepal. Note: This species is closely related to Herminium lanceum (Thunberg ex Swart 1800: 223) Vuijk (1961: 228) but H. longilobatum differs in having a callus in the lip and the lateral lobes of lip are about ten times longer
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    Wulfenia 24 (2017): 143 –162 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Distribution and conservation status of some rare and threatened orchid taxa in the central Balkans and the southern part of the Pannonian Plain Vladan Djordjević, Dmitar Lakušić, Slobodan Jovanović & Vladimir Stevanović Summary: Along with being a centre of plant species diversity and endemism, the Balkan Peninsula is one of the parts of Europe with the highest number of orchid taxa. However, the orchid flora in the central Balkans has not been sufficiently studied. The paper presents the distribution of ten rare and threatened taxa of Orchidaceae in the central Balkans and the southern part of the Pannonian Plain: Anacamptis papilionacea, Epipactis palustris, E. purpurata, Epipogium aphyllum, Goodyera repens, Gymnadenia frivaldii, Ophrys apifera, O. insectifera, Orchis militaris and O. spitzelii subsp. spitzelii. In addition to field investigation, checking and revision of herbarium material, literature sources were also used for supplementing distribution data. The distribution maps of these taxa in the central Balkans (Serbia and Kosovo region) and the southern part of the Pannonian Plain (Vojvodina) are created on a 10 km × 10 km UTM grid system. Data concerning their habitat preferences, population size and the estimated IUCN conservation status in the study area are provided. Keywords: Orchidaceae, phytogeography, IUCN conservation status, Balkan Peninsula The orchid family is one of the largest and most diverse families in the plant kingdom with estimates of about 28 000 species distributed in about 763 genera (Chase et al. 2015; Christenhusz & Byng 2016). According to Hágsater & Dumont (1996), over 300 orchid species occur in Europe, North Africa and Near East.
  • Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) Author(S): H

    Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) Author(S): H

    The Phylogeny and Classification of the Diseae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae) Author(s): H. P. Linder and H. Kurzweil Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 81, No. 4 (1994), pp. 687-713 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2399916 Accessed: 27-07-2016 11:10 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Missouri Botanical Garden Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden This content downloaded from 137.158.114.36 on Wed, 27 Jul 2016 11:10:19 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE PHYLOGENY AND H. P. Linder2 and H. Kurzweil2'3 CLASSIFICATION OF THE DISEAE (ORCHIDOIDEAE: ORCHIDACEAE)l ABSTRACT The subtribal classification of the Diseae (Orchidoideae) is reviewed in light of the available morphological, leaf anatomical, and palynological data. These data are critically assessed, and the more prominent features are illustrated. The data are analyzed cladistically, and the robustness of the various components of the most parsimonious tree is assessed by a bootstrap analysis. Based on the cladistic analysis and the bootstrap analysis, a new classification is proposed for the Diseae.
  • Essential Tricks for Making Orchids and People Bloom

    Essential Tricks for Making Orchids and People Bloom

    GREATER NORTH TEXAS ORCHID SOCIETY FEB out all of her daughter. In the interval since she plants, lead- has returned to Texas she has been Next Meeting: Essential Tricks for Making ing her to get Training Director and then Center February 7 Orchids and People Bloom her first green- Chair for the Dallas Judging Cen- house, an 8' x ter as well as a past President of Speaker: Judy describes her life as fairly nor- 12', under the GNTOS. Her current greenhouse Dr. Judy Cook mal until she was 37 when she was tutelage of Nancy and Rayo Mc- is 35' x 60' feet (2,100 sq feet), in San Antonio to do a psychiatry Cullough who belonged to the so- containing a few thousand plants. residency and decided to go to the ciety. This was added to a few years Although her collection is mostly Orchid Society Show in a local later with a 12' x 20' addition to Cats, Paphs/Phrags and Bulbos, mall not far from the her house. she has a wide array of many dif- medical school. Those When she was in private prac- ferent genera, some of which she sweet white-haired ladies tice of psychiatry, orchids became had the opportunity to collect She found out told her how easy it was an integral part of her office décor, in the wild in South America or to grow orchids; she was first with living plants and later in- import while judging shows out that ‘resistance is awed by the beauty of cluding her photos as well.