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Airbus and Boeing Case St. Petersburg University Graduate School of Management Master in Corporate Finance VALUATION OF PRODUCT LINE EXTENSION SUCCESS: AIRBUS AND BOEING CASE Master’s Thesis by the 2nd year student Concentration – Master in Corporate Finance Milana Bubyakina Research advisor: Associate professor Anna Loukianova St. Petersburg 2017 ЗАЯВЛЕНИЕ О САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОМ ХАРАКТЕРЕ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ ВЫПУСКНОЙ КВАЛИФИКАЦИОННОЙ РАБОТЫ Я, Бубякина Милана Александровна, студент второго курса магистратуры направления «Менеджмент», заявляю, что в моей магистерской диссертации на тему «Оценка успеха расширения продуктовой линейки: пример Airbus и Boeing», представленной в службу обеспечения программ магистратуры для последующей передачи в государственную аттестационную комиссию для публичной защиты, не содержится элементов плагиата. Все прямые заимствования из печатных и электронных источников, а также из защищенных ранее выпускных квалификационных работ, кандидатских и докторских диссертаций имеют соответствующие ссылки. Мне известно содержание п. 9.7.1 Правил обучения по основным образовательным программам высшего и среднего профессионального образования в СПбГУ о том, что «ВКР выполняется индивидуально каждым студентом под руководством назначенного ему научного руководителя», и п. 51 Устава федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет» о том, что «студент подлежит отчислению из Санкт- Петербургского университета за представление курсовой или выпускной квалификационной работы, выполненной другим лицом (лицами)». _______________________________________________ (Подпись студента) ________________________________________________ (Дата) 2 STATEMENT ABOUT THE INDEPENDENT CHARACTER OF THE MASTER THESIS I, Bubyakina Milana, second year master student, program «Master in Corporate Finance», state that my master thesis on the topic “Valuation of Product Line Extension Success: Airbus and Boeing Case”, which is presented to the Master Office to be submitted to the Official Defense Committee for the public defense, does not contain any elements of plagiarism. All direct borrowings from printed and electronic sources, as well as from master theses, PhD and doctorate theses which were defended earlier, have appropriate references. I am aware that according to paragraph 9.7.1. of Guidelines for instruction in major curriculum programs of higher and secondary professional education at St. Petersburg University «A master thesis must be completed by each of the degree candidates individually under the supervision of his or her advisor», and according to paragraph 51 of Charter of the Federal State Institution of Higher Education Saint-Petersburg State University «a student can be expelled from St. Petersburg University for submitting of the course or graduation qualification work developed by other person (persons)». ________________________________________________ (Student’s signature) ________________________________________________ (Date) 3 АННОТАЦИЯ Автор Бубякина Милана Александровна Название магистерской «Оценка успеха расширения продуктовой линейки: диссертации пример Airbus и Boeing» Факультет Высшая Школа Менеджмента Направление подготовки Корпоративные финансы Год 2017 Научный руководитель Лукьянова А.Е. Цель: оценить успешность стратегии расширения продуктовой линейки на примере Airbus и Boeing Задачи: 1. Проанализировать бренд стратегии, в частности стратегию расширения продуктовой линейки; 2. Проанализировать современные инструменты оценки бренд стратегий; 3. Обосновать выбор инструмента оценки; 4. Провести обзор выбранных компаний; 5. Проанализировать проекты расширения продуктовой линейки с помощью стандартных инструментов; 6. Проанализировать проекты расширения продуктовой линейки с помощью реальных опционов; 7. Сделать выводы и рекомендации на основании проведенного исследования. Описание цели, задач и Основные результаты. Стратегия расширения основных результатов продуктовой линейки подразумевает выпуск нового продукта с некоторыми видоизменениями. Он может рассматриваться как инвестиционный проект, оценка которого производится с помощью финансовых инструментов. В качестве методологии был выбран анализ через реальные опционы. Данный инструмент является наиболее приемлемой для оценки долгосрочных проектов с высоким уровнем риска. Один из результатов данного исследования заключается в том, что, несмотря на доминирование Boeing на рынке авиастроения, Airbus постепенно переигрывает своего конкурента. Анализ проектов показал, что проект Airbus наиболее успешен по сравнению с конкурентом, что еще раз доказывает преимущество европейской компании. Более того, компании могут использовать методику реальных опционов для оценки успешности проектов и их сравнении с конкурентами. Реальные опционы Ключевые слова Бренд стратегии Авиастроение 4 ABSTRACT Master Student's Name Bubyakina Milana “Valuation of Product Line Extension Success: Airbus and Master Thesis Title Boeing Case” Faculty Graduate School of Management Main field of study Corporate Finance Year 2017 Academic Advisor's Name Loukianova A.E. Goal: To evaluate success of product line extension strategy implementation on the example of Airbus and Boeing Objectives: 1. To analyze brand strategies, particularly, the strategy of product line extension; 2. To analyze contemporary tools of the brand strategy assessment; 3. To justify the choice of the valuation tool; 4. To make an overview of the chosen companies; 5. To evaluate product line extension projects with the help of standard tools; 6. To evaluate product line extension projects with the help Description of the goal, of real options analysis; tasks and main results 7. To draw conclusions and recommendations based on the conducted research. Main results. Product line extension strategy assumes launch of a new product with slight changes. It can be viewed as a typical investment project, which can be assessed using financial tools. The real option analysis (ROA) has been chosen as a reasonable and applicable tool for analysis of product line extension strategy in aircraft production industry. The research results revealed that even despite long-term dominance of Boeing on the market, Airbus starts to outperform its rival. The new Airbus project turned to be more successful, which once again proves the advantage of the European company. Furthermore, companies like Airbus and Boeing can use ROA methodology as a tool for projects’ success valuation and comparison with competitors. Real option analysis Keywords Brand strategies Aircraft production industry 5 Contents Introduction 7 Chapter 1. Overview of brand strategies and their valuation 9 1.1. Definition of brand and brand strategy 9 1.2. Brand strategies’ classification 11 1.3. Product line extension strategy overview 16 1.3.1. Justification for product line extension popularity 16 1.3.2. Product line extension classification 18 1.4. Overview of product line extension valuation tools 19 1.5. Types of new product forecasting 20 1.5.1. Judgmental methods 20 1.5.2. Quantitative methods 24 1.5.3. Causal modeling 28 1.5.4. Market and consumer research 29 1.5.5. Other quantitative tools 31 1.6. Summary of Chapter 1 31 Chapter 2. Methodology and companies’ choice justification 32 2.1. Methodology choice justification 32 2.2. Choice of companies 33 2.2.1. Aircraft industry 34 2.2.2. Airbus 37 2.2.3. Boeing 39 2.2.4. Airbus and Boeing competition 40 2.2.5. Chosen projects: Airbus A350 XWB and Boeing 777X 43 2.3. Summary of Chapter 2 46 Chapter 3. Research findings 47 3.1. Model description 47 3.2. Empirical results 53 3.2.1. ROA assumptions 53 3.2.2. Projects valuation 54 3.3. Discussions and managerial implication 63 3.4. Conclusion 65 List of references 67 Appendices 72 6 Introduction Nowadays, in times of high competitiveness, breakthroughs and Internet development it becomes more and more difficult for companies to satisfy consumers’ needs. Currently, people can easily access any Internet source and have any product’s information they need. This trend reduces consumers’ necessity to go shopping and makes them high price sensitive, since there is almost perfect information transparency and availability. Due to his, companies lose their power over consumers as well as their loyalty, because now people can shop online, find any products they like as well as compare them between each other. This spurs companies to use various strategies in order to keep consumers’ attention and spur their interest to goods and services. One of the most effective ways is to build a strong well-recognized brand and try to establish a long- lasting loyalty. To do so organizations try to use their major brand and issue various products with differentiated features in many segments so to keep attention and try to get rid of competitors This strategy is called brand extension. The most popular type of brand extension is product line extension. It is relatively cheap, does not require high investments as well as not that risky as a new product introduction. Major examples of successful strategy implementation are Coca Cola with its Vanilla and Diet Coke, Apple with iPhone 5se, Samsung with its A-series and many other examples of FMCG and IT sectors. One can notice that this strategy is widely used, however the universality and efficiency of this strategy is under a question since it might not be that successful as any other strategy. Hence, in this paper the author will evaluate success of product line extension strategy implementation on the
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