DOCSLIB.ORG

A Geography of Lake Carbon Cycling Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 3: 49-56

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Geography of Lake Carbon Cycling Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 3: 49-56 http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a paper published in . Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Seekell, D A., Lapierre, J., Cheruvelil, K S. (2018) A geography of lake carbon cycling Limnology and Oceanography Letters, 3: 49-56 https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.10078 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154436 Limnology and Oceanography Letters 3, 2018, 49–56 VC 2018 The Author. Limnology and Oceanography Letters published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography doi: 10.1002/lol2.10078 SPECIAL ISSUE-ESSAY A geography of lake carbon cycling David A. Seekell ,1,2 Jean-Franc¸ois Lapierre ,3,4* Kendra Spence Cheruvelil 5,6 1Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea˚ University, Umea˚, Sweden; 2Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umea˚ University, Umea˚, Sweden; 3Departement de sciences biologiques, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 4Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL); 5Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; 6Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Scientific Significance Statement Carbon cycling in lakes is highly variable among lakes within regions, and across regions and continents, but the underly- ing causes of this variation among lakes and regions are not well understood. In this essay, we propose two main mecha- nisms that operate at the regional scale and contribute to broad-scale interlake variation in carbon cycling. This essay sets the foundation for a geographic understanding of lake carbon cycling, which facilitates developing testable hypotheses to improve estimates of the role of inland waters in global elemental cycles. Lake carbon cycling is influenced by external factors con- climate, land use/land cover) as compared to that of individ- trolling the transfer of mass (e.g. carbon, nutrient) and energy ual lake ecosystems (100’s–1000’s km2 vs < 1km2;Lapierre (e.g. light, heat) on lake processes (e.g. primary production, et al. 2015; Cael and Seekell 2016). Historically, broad-scale respiration, greenhouse gases emissions), either directly or studies of lake carbon cycling exceeded the logistic abilities of through the terrestrial landscape (Leavitt et al. 2009; Lapierre individual lab groups and were outside the mandate of most et al. 2015). Although these transfers of mass and energy governmental lake monitoring programs. However, publicly should affect all lakes similarly, studies of lake carbon cycling accessible geographic and limnological data originating from conducted in regions with contrasting climate, land cover, individual studies and from data synthesis efforts are increas- and land use suggest that how strongly limnological first ingly available for broad extents across wide environmental principles are expressed, and their relative importance to eco- gradients to develop understanding of the geographic pat- system functions, vary geographically. This fact may be due terns in lake carbon cycling (e.g., Soranno et al. 2017). to the mismatch in spatial scales that characterize the geo- Landscape- and global-scale limnology have received graphic factors behind these contrasting patterns (e.g. increased attention in recent years. For example, landscape *Correspondence: [email protected] Author Contribution Statement: DAS and JFL are co-leads of this paper; they developed the conceptual framework and wrote large sections of the essay. KSC contributed ideas, feedback, and text throughout the manuscript development, writing, and revising process. All authors read and approved the paper. Data Availability Statement: Data are available at the following repositories or tables in published articles: https://figshare.com/articles/Latitudinal_gra- dients_in_phosphorus_and_vegetation_biomass_for_Sweden_and_Denmark/5614588, https://figshare.com/articles/Institutions_studying_lake_carbon_ cycling/5612968, http://doi.org/10.7927/H40Z715X, http://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007377, http://doi.org/10.7927/H4NP22DQ, and Imhoff and Bou- noua 2006. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This article is an invited paper to the Special Issue: Carbon cycling in inland waters Edited by: Emily Stanley and Paul del Giorgio 49 Seekell et al. Geography of lake carbon cycling limnology has quantified and explained variation in ecosys- 2015a). Therefore, even the most basic relationships between tem states and lake responses to multi-scaled pressures (e.g. carbon, nutrients, and lake ecosystem processes may show Soranno et al. 2010) and global-scale limnology has devel- unexpected patterns depending on where the study was con- oped global rate estimates for carbon exchange between sur- ducted. We argue that these conflicting results may be due face waters and the atmosphere that can be compared with to regional-scale differences in geographic context, which other aspects of global elemental cycles (Downing 2009). drives broad-scale heterogeneity in patterns of lake carbon Less well-known are the fundamental limnological patterns cycling. at an intermediate, regional scale, where non-linear and Landscape limnology sets the context for resolving con- threshold relationships between lake processes and their in- flicting findings among studies conducted in different areas lake and landscape drivers often emerge and have major of the globe. This subdiscipline of limnology has formalized implications for broad-scale understanding of lake carbon the importance of the regional scale (e.g., Cheruvelil et al. cycling. Moreover, the mechanisms responsible for the pres- 2013) and the concept of cross-scale interactions (which ence of geographically varying relationships in aquatic eco- occur when the drivers interact across spatial scales or study systems remain unknown. Therefore, we argue that such regions (Soranno et al. 2014) for improved understanding of geographically varying relationships could have profound aquatic ecosystems. However, the examples that have been implications for broad scale understanding of lake carbon so far have not included carbon, nor have they described cycling, and that these implications have seldom been how geographic context may alter fundamental ecosystem explored. functions. We propose two regional-scaled mechanisms that In this essay, we propose a geographic framework for can lead to such geographic variation in lake carbon cycling. studying lake carbon cycling that can connect within- First, different regions may have a DOC frequency distribu- ecosystem carbon processes with their broader-scaled drivers, tion that fall on either side of a threshold relationship including climate, land cover, and human activities. We between DOC and an aquatic process (Fig. 1a). In this con- present two regional-scale mechanisms related to thresholds text we define threshold as a point across which there is a that we hypothesize can give rise to geographically varying change in the direction of a relationship or a fundamental relationships between lake carbon cycling and its drivers, shift in ecosystem function in response to a driver. For which can account for the often contrasting results from the example, a threshold may be observed as a ratio shifting literature. Finally, we present a way to conceptualize and from above to below 1 or as a net rate shifting from a posi- delineate testable, hypothetical regions of lake carbon tive to a negative value (e.g. P : R ratio or net ecosystem pro- cycling that could account for the above contrasting rela- duction; blue line on Fig. 1), or as a unimodal relationship tionships and help to synthesize studies of carbon in widely whereby the direction of a trend shifts with changing DOC different regions. concentration (red line in Fig. 1). Second, threshold relation- ships may occur when geographic gradients intersect and The role of geographic context in lake carbon alter the balance between production, delivery, and process- cycling ing of carbon and nutrients to and within lakes. This phe- There are many variables driving the processes involved nomenon may be particularly relevant when natural and in lake carbon cycling, but a few of them play a central role. human gradients intersect (Fig. 1b). Within our geographic Along with phosphorus concentration and lake size, dis- framework of lake carbon cycling, we discuss examples based solved organic carbon (DOC) concentration is commonly on relationships of key lake processes with DOC and used to compare, predict, and generalize patterns of lake car- nutrients, and argue that these ideas may be applicable for bon cycling (Williamson et al. 1999; Prairie 2008). DOC is other limnological patterns and processes. the largest carbon pool in the water column and it strongly Mechanism 1: Threshold relationships explained by influences diverse physical, chemical, and biological charac- regional heterogeneity in dissolved organic carbon teristics (Prairie 2008). In particular, DOC is colored and has concentrations a primary role in limiting light (Carpenter et al. 1998; Wil- Lakes often have nonlinear relationships with drivers that liamson et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Development and Application of a Landscape-Based Lake Typology for the Muskoka River Watershed, Ontario, Canada
    Development and application of a landscape-based lake typology for the Muskoka River Watershed, Ontario, Canada by Rachel Anne Plewes A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2015, Rachel Anne Plewes ABSTRACT Lake management typologies have been used successfully in many parts of Europe, but their use in Canada has been limited. In this study, a lake typology was developed for 650 lakes within the Muskoka River Watershed (MRW), Ontario, Canada, to quantify freshwater, terrestrial, and human landscape influences on water quality (Ca, pH, TP and DOC). Five distinct lake types were identified, using a hierarchical system based on three broad physiographic regions within the MRW, and lake and catchment morphometrics derived through digital terrain analysis. The three regions exhibited significantly different DOC concentrations (F=15.85; p<0.001), whereas the lake types had significantly different TP concentrations (F=12.88, p<0.001). Type-specific reference conditions were used to identify lakes affected by human activities that may be in need of restoration due to high TP concentrations. Overall, this thesis demonstrates the applicability of new and emerging landscape modelling tools for lake classification and management in Ontario, Canada. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Murray C. Richardson for his guidance and support throughout the past 2 years. Additionally, I appreciate all of Dr. Derek Mueller’s feedback on the drafts of this thesis. I am grateful for the guidance I received from Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nfluence of Land Use and the Catchment Properties
    THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE AND THE CATCHMENT PROPERTIES ON THE TROPHIC STATUS OF SHALLOW LAKES IN TURKEY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY SAADET PEREN TUZKAYA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGY FEBRUARY 2015 Approval of the thesis: THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE AND THE CATCHMENT PROPERTIES ON THE TROPHIC STATUS OF SHALLOW LAKES IN TURKEY submitted by SAADET PEREN TUZKAYA in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin DURAL ÜNVER ________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Orhan ADALI ________________ Head of Department, Biology Assoc. Prof. Dr. C. Can BİLGİN ________________ Supervisor, Biology Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Meryem Beklioğlu YERLİ ________________ Co-Supervisor, Biology Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Zeki KAYA ________________ Biology Dept., METU Assoc. Prof. Dr. C. Can BİLGİN ________________ Biology Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Zuhal AKYÜREK ________________ Civil Engineering Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Meryem BEKLİOĞLU YERLİ ________________ Biology Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Çetin GÖZEN ________________ Biology Dept., METU Date: 16.02.2015 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Saadet Peren Tuzkaya Signature: iv ABSTRACT THE INFLUENCE OF LAND USE AND THE CATCHMENT PROPERTIES ON THE TROPHIC STATUS OF SHALLOW LAKES IN TURKEY Tuzkaya, Saadet Peren M.S., Department of Biology Supervisor: Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing Spatial Units for Landscape-Based Management of the Fisheries Protection Program
    Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat (CSAS) Research Document 2017/040 National Capital Region Choosing Spatial Units for Landscape-Based Management of the Fisheries Protection Program D. T. de Kerckhove1, J.A. Freedman2, K.L. Wilson3, M.V. Hoyer4, C. Chu1, and C.K. Minns5 1Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Aquatic Research and Monitoring Section 2140 East Bank Drive Peterborough, ON K9L 1Z8 2University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation 3University of Calgary, Dept. of Biological Sciences 4University of Florida, Florida LAKEWATCH 5University of Toronto, Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology July 2017 Foreword This series documents the scientific basis for the evaluation of aquatic resources and ecosystems in Canada. As such, it addresses the issues of the day in the time frames required and the documents it contains are not intended as definitive statements on the subjects addressed but rather as progress reports on ongoing investigations. Research documents are produced in the official language in which they are provided to the Secretariat. Published by: Fisheries and Oceans Canada Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat 200 Kent Street Ottawa ON K1A 0E6 http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/csas-sccs/ [email protected] © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2017 ISSN 1919-5044 Correct citation for this publication: de Kerckhove, D.T., Freedman, J.A., Wilson, K.L., Hoyer, M.V., Chu, C., and Minns, C.K. 2017. Choosing Spatial Units for Landscape-Based Management of the Fisheries Protection Program. DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc. 2017/040. v + 44. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Pattern and Process Second Edition Monica G. Turner Robert H. Gardner
    Monica G. Turner Robert H. Gardner Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice Pattern and Process Second Edition L ANDSCAPE E COLOGY IN T HEORY AND P RACTICE M ONICA G . T URNER R OBERT H . G ARDNER LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Pattern and Process Second Edition Monica G. Turner University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Zoology Madison , WI , USA Robert H. Gardner University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Frostburg, MD , USA ISBN 978-1-4939-2793-7 ISBN 978-1-4939-2794-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2794-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015945952 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer-Verlag New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • The Drivers and Patterns of Total Phosphorus Across Lake, Stream, and Wetland Ecosystems at the National Scale
    The drivers and patterns of total phosphorus across lake, stream, and wetland ecosystems at the national scale Katelyn King Michigan State University (Co-authors: Kendra Cheruvelil and Amina Pollard (EPA)) lake + wetland + stream 2 publications! lake + wetland wetland + stream lake + stream wetland lake stream 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 Publications lakes wetlands streams Integrated Freshwater Landscape Lakes Wetlands Streams Lake Michigan Dataset: US EPA National Aquatic Resource Survey Lake assessment 2012 Wetland assessment 2011 River/Stream assessment 2008/2009 https://www.epa.gov/national-aquatic-resource-surveys/nrsa Dataset: Total Phosphorus (TP) Total Dataset: (ln) Total Phosphorus lakes wetlands streams Dataset: Ecological context Waterbody scale: Watershed scale: Ecoregion: • freshwater type • mean elevation • (lake, wetland, stream) • land use/cover • depth • nitrogen deposition • % riparian vegetation • road density • lat/lon of site • population density • precipitation at the site • watershed area* • temperature at the site Ecoregion membership consisting of similar land use, topography, climate, and natural vegetation *no wetland watersheds, approximated with 1000m buffer Q1: What are the drivers of total phosphorus across lakes, wetlands, and streams at the macroscale? lakes wetlands streams Hypothesis: freshwater type will be important in predicting TP • Depth • lentic vs. lotic • water residence time • form/shape Q1 Method - drivers – Random Forest Subset of sample splitting value splitting value Node Streams splitting value splitting value Lakes Wetlands Results - important drivers of TP • watershed % forest • watershed % agriculture • longitude • ecoregion membership Percent variance explained = 50.0 Total Phosphorus Forest lakes wetlands streams Total Phosphorus Agriculture lakes wetlands streams Total Phosphorus Agriculture lakes wetlands streams Spatial Patterns Mean Annual Temperature Lapierre et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Lake-Specific Characteristics for Water Quality Across the Continental United States
    The importance of lake-specific characteristics for water quality across the continental United States Read, E. K., Patil, V. P., Oliver, S. K., Hetherington, A. L., Brentrup, J. A., Zwart, J. A., ... & Weathers, K. C. (2015). The importance of lake-specific characteristics for water quality across the continental United States. Ecological Applications, 25(4), 943-955. doi:10.1890/14-0935.1.sm 10.1890/14-0935.1.sm Ecological Society of America Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Ecological Applications, 25(4), 2015, pp. 943–955 Ó 2015 by the Ecological Society of America The importance of lake-specific characteristics for water quality across the continental United States 1,13 2 3 4 5 EMILY K. READ, VIJAY P. PATIL, SAMANTHA K. OLIVER, AMY L. HETHERINGTON, JENNIFER A. BRENTRUP, 6 7 8 9 10 JACOB A. ZWART, KIRSTEN M. WINTERS, JESSICA R. CORMAN, EMILY R. NODINE, R. IESTYN WOOLWAY, HILARY A. 3 11 12 3 3 3 DUGAN, ALINE JAIMES, ARIANTO B. SANTOSO, GRACE S. HONG, LUKE A. WINSLOW, PAUL C. HANSON, AND 1 KATHLEEN C. WEATHERS 1Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York 12545 USA 2Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775 USA 3Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA 4Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 USA 5Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 USA 6Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 USA
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Sciences
    A Comprehensive Book on Environmentalism Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction to Environmentalism Chapter 2 - Environmental Movement Chapter 3 - Conservation Movement Chapter 4 - Green Politics Chapter 5 - Environmental Movement in the United States Chapter 6 - Environmental Movement in New Zealand & Australia Chapter 7 - Free-Market Environmentalism Chapter 8 - Evangelical Environmentalism Chapter 9 -WT Timeline of History of Environmentalism _____________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES _____________________ A Comprehensive Book on Enzymes Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction to Enzyme Chapter 2 - Cofactors Chapter 3 - Enzyme Kinetics Chapter 4 - Enzyme Inhibitor Chapter 5 - Enzymes Assay and Substrate WT _____________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES _____________________ A Comprehensive Introduction to Bioenergy Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Bioenergy Chapter 2 - Biomass Chapter 3 - Bioconversion of Biomass to Mixed Alcohol Fuels Chapter 4 - Thermal Depolymerization Chapter 5 - Wood Fuel Chapter 6 - Biomass Heating System Chapter 7 - Vegetable Oil Fuel Chapter 8 - Methanol Fuel Chapter 9 - Cellulosic Ethanol Chapter 10 - Butanol Fuel Chapter 11 - Algae Fuel Chapter 12 - Waste-to-energy and Renewable Fuels Chapter 13 WT- Food vs. Fuel _____________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES _____________________ A Comprehensive Introduction to Botany Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Botany Chapter 2 - History of Botany Chapter 3 - Paleobotany Chapter 4 - Flora Chapter 5 - Adventitiousness and Ampelography Chapter 6 - Chimera (Plant) and Evergreen Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Shifts in the Physical and Biological Characteristics of Alpine Lakes Along an Elevation Gradient in the Rocky Mountains, USA
    Aquatic Sciences (2020) 82:11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-019-0684-6 Aquatic Sciences RESEARCH ARTICLE The life aquatic in high relief: shifts in the physical and biological characteristics of alpine lakes along an elevation gradient in the Rocky Mountains, USA Kelly A. Loria1 · Diane McKnight2 · Dillon M. Ragar3 · Pieter T. J. Johnson4 Received: 26 March 2019 / Accepted: 28 November 2019 / Published online: 4 December 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 Abstract Rapidly occurring environmental changes in alpine lakes highlight the importance of better understanding the ecological structure and function associated with these systems. Previous research has identifed how the physical characteristics of lakes change as a function of landscape position, but comparatively little is known about shifts in the biotic community across mountain regions. In 2016, we sampled 19 lakes across an elevation gradient (2480–3550 m a.s.l.) within the Rocky Moun- tains, USA, to evaluate how both the abiotic characteristics of lakes and their planktonic biological communities covaried with elevation. Based on generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs), increases in elevation were associated with decreases in most nutrient concentrations (with the exception of nitrate), dissolved organic carbon, water temperature and lake stratifcation. Conversely, elevation increases were positively related to nitrate concentrations and water clarity. Extending this analysis to the biological community, we found that higher-elevation lakes exhibited lower phytoplankton and zooplankton densities, whereas elevation associated positively with average zooplankton size. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the alpine environment acts as a strong niche flter, limiting the quantity and diversity of taxa to groups capable of tolerating the short growing season, high fushing rate, strong variation in interannual precipitation, intense ultraviolet radiation exposure, and lower resource availability associated with such habitats.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Summary Overview
    Project Summary Overview: Lakes, the iconic landscape feature of glaciated landscapes around the world, are important in hydrological and biogeochemical processes, ecological interactions, and ecosystem services. The overarching research question for the North Temperate Lakes (NTL) Long-Term Ecological Research Program is: How do biophysical setting, climate, and land use and cover interact to shape lake dynamics and organization in the past, present and future? Research activities are organized around four interrelated thematic questions: A. Perception of Long-Term Change: How and why have the lake districts changed, and how will they change in the future? B. Climate as a Driver of Long-Term Change: What are the mechanisms of physical and ecological responses of lakes to a changing climate? C. Dynamics of Heterogeneity: What are the long-term patterns, causes, and consequences of spatial heterogeneity in lakes and landscapes? D. Shocks, Shifts and Compensatory Responses: How and when do extreme events and multiple drivers cause ecosystem transitions? Questions will be addressed through research in two regions in Wisconsin, the Northern Highland and Yahara Lake Districts. Physical, chemical, biological, and social patterns and interactions will be examined using a nested set of spatial scales from individual lakes and watersheds, to hydrologically- linked sets of lakes, entire lake districts, multiple lake districts within the Great Lakes region, and comparative studies of lakes and lake districts around the globe. Temporally, scales range from minutes to centuries. Research approaches include acquisition, generation, and analysis of long term observations; comparative studies; experiments; and diverse modeling and statistical tools. The interdisciplinary team includes expertise in biogeochemistry, climatology, demography, ecology (landscape, ecosystem, community, population, and paleo- ecology), economics, education and outreach, hydrodynamics, hydrology, information management, and microbiology.
    [Show full text]
  • Complex Relationships Among Land Use, Basin Morphology, Productivity
    ABSTRACT COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WATERSHED LAND COVER AND RESERVOIR MORPHOMETRY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES by Elisabeth J. Hagenbuch Proper management of aquatic systems requires knowledge of the links among landscape-level anthropogenic disturbances, terrestrial subsidies, and aquatic ecosystem properties. Due to their large watershed area to surface area ratios, reservoirs often receive substantial subsidies of nutrients and sediments. To better understand relationships between environmental variables and reservoir ecosystem properties, we examined relationships among variables representing landscape-level features, reservoir morphometry, water quality parameters and zooplankton community biomass for 109 reservoirs spanning a wide productivity gradient. A principal components analysis (PCA) identified two significant environmental gradients, the first representing reservoir productivity and land use cover and the second representing reservoir morphometry. A regression tree analysis used landscape-level and morphometric parameters to classify reservoirs according to their productivity level into four groups. Significant correlations were detected between small-bodied zooplankton (rotifers and/or copepod nauplii) and several environmental parameters. Non-metric multidimensional scaling plots identified a separation between reservoirs in the highest and lowest productivity groups, but only for rotifer communities. COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WATERSHED LAND COVER AND RESERVOIR MORPHOMETRY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND ZOOPLANKTON
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Certification in Science - Level I
    Advanced Certification in Science - Level I www.casiglobal.us | www.casi-india.com | CASI New York; The Global Certification body. Page 1 of 391 CASI New York; Reference material for ‘Advanced Certification in Science – Level 1’ Recommended for college students (material designed for students in India) About CASI Global CASI New York CASI Global is the apex body dedicated to promoting the knowledge & cause of CSR & Sustainability. We work on this agenda through certifications, regional chapters, corporate chapters, student chapters, research and alliances. CASI is basically from New York and now has a presence across 52 countries. World Class Certifications CASI is usually referred to as one of the BIG FOUR in education, CASI is also referred to as the global certification body CASI offers world class certifications across multiple subjects and caters to a vast audience across primary school to management school to CXO level students. Many universities & colleges offer CASI programs as credit based programs. CASI also offers joint / cobranded certifications in alliances with various institutes and universities. www.casiglobal.us CASI India CASI India has alliances with hundreds of institutes in India where students of these institutes are eligible to enroll for world class certifications offered by CASI. The reach through such alliances is over 2 million citizens CASI India also offers cobranded programs with Government Polytechnic and many other institutes of higher learning. CASI India has multiple franchises across India to promote certifications especially for school students. www.casi-india.com Volunteering @ CASI NY CASI India / CSR Diary also provide volunteering opportunities and organizes mega format events where in citizens at large can also volunteer for various causes.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape and Groundwater Controls Over Boreal Lake Water Chemistry
    Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-460 Manuscript under review for journal Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discussion started: 24 August 2017 c Author(s) 2017. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Landscape and groundwater controls over boreal lake water chemistry 2 and water balance heterogeneity in an esker complex of northeastern 3 Ontario, Canada 4 5 Maxime P. Boreux1*, Scott F. Lamoureux1 and Brian F. Cumming2,3 6 7 1Department of Geography and Planning, Queen’s University, Kingston, K7L3N6, Canada 8 2Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, K7L3N6, Canada 9 3School of Environmental Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, K7L3N6, Canada 10 11 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 12 13 Abstract 14 15 Water chemistry and water isotopic composition were investigated in a set of 50 boreal lakes located 16 at different elevations in an esker system near Timmins, Ontario, as well as in local streams, groundwater 17 springs and information available from seasonal precipitation values. Analyses focused on stable isotopic 18 ratios of hydrogen and oxygen, as well as specific conductance as indicators of the position of a lake with 19 respect to the influence of groundwater. Both isotopic composition and specific conductance distinguished 20 higher elevation groundwater discharge lakes from lower elevation groundwater recharge lakes. 21 Groundwater recharge lakes characterized by enriched isotopic values and low values of specific 22 conductance are located above the hydraulic midline elevation of the study lakes. In contrast groundwater 23 discharge lakes, were isotopically depleted and had higher values of specific conductance, and occurred 24 below the hydraulic midline of the study lakes.
    [Show full text]