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Advanced Certification in Science - Level I Advanced Certification in Science - Level I www.casiglobal.us | www.casi-india.com | CASI New York; The Global Certification body. Page 1 of 391 CASI New York; Reference material for ‘Advanced Certification in Science – Level 1’ Recommended for college students (material designed for students in India) About CASI Global CASI New York CASI Global is the apex body dedicated to promoting the knowledge & cause of CSR & Sustainability. We work on this agenda through certifications, regional chapters, corporate chapters, student chapters, research and alliances. CASI is basically from New York and now has a presence across 52 countries. World Class Certifications CASI is usually referred to as one of the BIG FOUR in education, CASI is also referred to as the global certification body CASI offers world class certifications across multiple subjects and caters to a vast audience across primary school to management school to CXO level students. Many universities & colleges offer CASI programs as credit based programs. CASI also offers joint / cobranded certifications in alliances with various institutes and universities. www.casiglobal.us CASI India CASI India has alliances with hundreds of institutes in India where students of these institutes are eligible to enroll for world class certifications offered by CASI. The reach through such alliances is over 2 million citizens CASI India also offers cobranded programs with Government Polytechnic and many other institutes of higher learning. CASI India has multiple franchises across India to promote certifications especially for school students. www.casi-india.com Volunteering @ CASI NY CASI India / CSR Diary also provide volunteering opportunities and organizes mega format events where in citizens at large can also volunteer for various causes. These are behavoural change events and further details on such events are available on www.csrdiary.com / www.mahawalkathon.com / www.copforaday.com Value Proposition Universities and institutes incorporate & adopt CASI programs within their core curriculum; this gives their students and edge in knowledge and placements. Further with corporates keen to inculcate CSR & Sustainability across their value chain, most corporate prefer to recruit employees with a basic knowledge of CSR & Sustainability. www.casiglobal.us | www.casi-india.com | CASI New York; The Global Certification body. Page 2 of 391 CASI New York; Reference material for ‘Advanced Certification in Science – Level 1’ Recommended for college students (material designed for students in India) Finally, given the wide range of online / offline / MDP programs at CASI NY, Corporates, institutes of higher learning and senior management professionals globally rely on CASI programs to develop cutting edge knowledge. Student Chapters This is a grass root level representation and collaboration towards promoting the cause of sustainability. Institutes / Colleges / Universities / Schools are encouraged to form a chapter / council of students headed by a faculty to promote knowledge, networking and participate in behavioral change events. This is complimentary to every education institute across the world. For further details www.casi-india.com www.casiglobal.us | www.casi-india.com | CASI New York; The Global Certification body. Page 3 of 391 CASI New York; Reference material for ‘Advanced Certification in Science – Level 1’ Recommended for college students (material designed for students in India) About the Program This reading material is suggested for students keen to pursue a career in science and related education / career streams. This is an open enrolment program The Advanced Certification in Science program aims at preparing the student to understand implications & applications in science other than their regular text books. This program primarily aims at enabling youngsters think in different directions. Our pattern does not follow the regular physics, chemistry biology divisions but is created on natural themes which make it far more interesting for everyone, regardless of the chosen education / career path. www.casiglobal.us | www.casi-india.com | CASI New York; The Global Certification body. Page 4 of 391 CASI New York; Reference material for ‘Advanced Certification in Science – Level 1’ Recommended for college students (material designed for students in India) Dear Students, It gives us great pleasure to welcome you to the CASI Global Community. Congratulations on successfully applying to this program. CASI Global, New York has been educating responsible citizens and citizen-leaders for our society. When you join the CASI community, you are embarking on a journey that is meant to be transformative – academically, socially, and personally. While at school we learn the basics of language, sciences and math, the educational system be it main stream or vocational is directed towards creating a better understanding of possibilities in life and career; & then as time progresses, the school children grow to college levels and then finally have a career…again main stream or vocational. Similarly learning the concepts of CSR and sustainable development alongside the basics helps them develop a holistic view of the world. Just like it is important for children to prepare themselves for life by undergoing training and education in mainstream; it is even more important that children have an exposure to societal concepts of CSR and elementary sustainable development information. Such an elementary knowledge or exposure to CSR & Sustainability concepts at a young age not only helps them be better citizens but lays a very strong foundation for higher education, be it sciences or engineering or management. The foundation has to be laid at a young age, a very young age. Each enrolled for the Global certification embarks on a journey to excel in life as a model citizen and is a brand ambassador for CASI Global New York. If there is anything we at the CASI Secretariats office can do to help you better navigate through this program, we hope you will let us know. We want you to feel a part of the rich and varied community that is CASI. We wish you a happy, healthy, and a fruitful year. We welcome you once again, to CASI, The Global Certification body. Warm Regards Sd/ For the Secretariat CASI Global, New York www.casi-india.com | www.casiglobal.us www.casiglobal.us | www.casi-india.com | CASI New York; The Global Certification body. Page 5 of 391 CASI New York; Reference material for ‘Advanced Certification in Science – Level 1’ Recommended for college students (material designed for students in India) Table of Contents About CASI Global 2 About the Program 4 Basics 15 Chapter 1 22 Ancient Sciences & Advancement 22 PROTOSCIENCE 22 Mathematics: 23 Astronomy: 24 Linguistics: 24 Medicine: 24 Metallurgy: 25 Scientific Revolution 25 Institutionalization 26 New ideas 26 Astronomy 26 Gravitation 28 Chemistry 29 Physical 30 New mechanical devices 32 Calculating devices 32 Industrial machines 33 Chapter 2 34 Weapons & Defence Technology 34 Military science 34 Military technology 35 Military systems 35 Military intelligence 35 Military logistics 35 Military technology and equipment 35 Military inventions with civilian uses (Partial List) 36 Military technology 38 Modern technology 38 Armies 38 Naval 38 www.casiglobal.us | www.casi-india.com | CASI New York; The Global Certification body. Page 6 of 391 CASI New York; Reference material for ‘Advanced Certification in Science – Level 1’ Recommended for college students (material designed for students in India) Postmodern technology 39 Space 39 Mobilization 40 Chapter 3 41 Mysteries of Space 41 3.1 Oh-My-God particle 41 3.2 Higgs boson 42 3.2.1 The Standard Model 42 3.2.2 Higgs mechanism 43 3.2.3 Higgs field 44 3.3 Higgs boson 45 3.3. Cosmology 47 Inflaton 47 3.4. Nature of the universe, and its possible fates 47 Vacuum energy and the cosmological constant 48 DARK MATTER 50 Galaxy rotation curves 51 Galaxy clusters 52 Gravitational lensing 52 Structure formation 53 Cold dark matter 53 Warm dark matter 54 Hot dark matter 54 Detection of dark matter particles 55 Direct detection 55 Indirect detection 56 Chapter 4 59 NASA Deep Space Network 59 Management 62 Antennas 62 List of astronomical observatories 63 TELESCOPE 78 Radio telescopes 81 X-ray telescopes 82 Gamma-ray telescopes 82 High-energy particle telescopes 83 Other types of telescopes 83 www.casiglobal.us | www.casi-india.com | CASI New York; The Global Certification body. Page 7 of 391 CASI New York; Reference material for ‘Advanced Certification in Science – Level 1’ Recommended for college students (material designed for students in India) SPACE CRAFTS 87 SPACE CRAFTS 87 Spacecraft types 87 Crewed spacecraft 88 Space planes 88 Subsystems 89 Life support 89 Attitude control 90 GNC 90 Command and data handling 90 Communications 90 Power 90 Thermal control 91 Spacecraft propulsion 91 Structures 91 Payload 92 Ground segment 92 Launch vehicle 92 More about Ground Segments 92 Ground stations 93 Transmission and reception 93 Passes 94 Tracking and ranging 94 Mission control centers 94 Telemetry processing 94 Commanding 95 Staffing 95 Analysis and support 96 Ground networks 96 Remote terminals 96 Integration and test facilities 97 Launch facilities 97 Costs 97 Chapter 6 98 www.casiglobal.us | www.casi-india.com | CASI New York; The Global Certification body. Page 8 of 391 CASI New York; Reference material for ‘Advanced Certification in Science – Level 1’ Recommended for college students (material designed for students
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