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Download the Scanned MINERAI.OGICAL NOTES V) €) fL N .l M NC R.ONS Frc. 2. The iron content of the zoned sphalerite crystal shown in Figure 1, as determined by step scanning at 2 pm intervals with an electron microprobe. THE AMERICAN MINERALOGIST, VOL. 55, MAY_JUNE, 1970 SCANDIUM CONTENT OF ORE AND SKARN MINERAJ.S AT FRANKLIN, NEW JERSBY Cr-rnnonu FnoNrnr., Departntent of Geologicol. Sciences, Haraartl U niaer sity, C ambridge, M ass ochus ettsl Arsrnncr Skarnzones in the Franklin orebodycontain scandiumchiefllr in andradite (5-50 ppm), pyroxene (12-95 ppm) and amphibole (18-,10ppm), with very small amounts presentin hendricksite,rhodonite, hyalophane and idocrase.The partition ratios for various min- eral pairs in different specimensvary widely, indicating non-equilibrium conditions. Volumetrically, the great bulk of the scandiumin the depositis presentin substitution for Fe3in the franklinite of the normal ore and in the andradite of the skarns. I MineralogicalContribution No. 473. IO52 MINERALOGICALNOTES The skarn zoneslocally presentin the orebody at Franklin, New Jer- sey, are believed to represent metamorphosedinterbedded lenses of argillaceousmaterial in a sedimentary Mn-Zn deposit of Grenville age. Callahan (1966)has suggestedthat the original deposit was of the sub- aqueousvolcanic exhalative type. The skarn zonesare intercalated with normal franklinite-willemite-tephroite-calciteore and consist mainly of andradite, rhodonite, hvalophane,pyroxenes, amphiboles, hendricksite and calcite, together with a large number of minor constituents. De- scriptions of the skarn minerals have been given by Palache (1937), Frondel and Ito (1966a,b, c), Klein and Ito (1968) and others. The geologicsetting of the Franklin areahas beendescribed by Hague et al. (1956).The ageof the normal orehas been dated2 as 955 * 30 m.y. by lead isotope methods on uraninite. Comparable but much less precise ages were obtained on thorite and zircon from the metasedimentary Cork Hill gneiss.The age of the skarn has been determined3by K-Ar measurementson hendricksiteas 900f 45 m.y. Earlier K-Ar measure- ments by Long and Kulp (1962) gave 905 m.y. for phlogopite from SterlingHill, 810 m.y. for hendricksitefrom Franklin, and 903* 25 m.y. for the Franklin marble.These ages indicate that the presentmineralogy of both the ore and the skarn was imposed during the same metamorphic event. Lower grade metamorphismmay have taken place during Paleo- zoic orogenies.The carbonateveinlets present along fracturesin the ore- body, and small replacementareas in the skarns,may be related thereto. They contain a low temperaturehydrothermal assemblageof minerals that derived their content of metal locally. The Franklin orebody representsa type of deposit from which Sc analyseshave not hitherto been reported (Table 1). The main host mineralsfor Sc in the skarn are pyroxene,amphibole and garnet. These minerals together with biotite are also the main host minerals for Sc in metamorphic and igneous rocks. The general level of Sc content found here is low in comparison. Very small amounts of Sc are found in the hendricksite,feldspar, rhodonite, idocraseand accessoryminerals of the skarn. The low content of Sc in hendricksite. a Zn-Mn mica. is note- worthy, since the biotite of metamorphic and igneous rocks typically containsSc from roughly 20 to 80 ppm. The equilibrium Sc partition ratio for hornblende/biotitereported by Tilling, Greenland and Gottfried (1969) in various igneousrocks mostly range from 3 to 10 and tend to be higher than in metamorphic rocks. 2 Private communication, Dr. G. J. Wasserburg, California Institute of Technology, 1969. s Private communication, Dr. Oliver Schaefier, University of New York at Stony Rrook. 1969. tr,TI N ERA I.AGI CA L N OTES 1053 d ft o o o oHqq z sooo z -: a +t +l +l "?n o NV q @ ftTro D s.€ .$o N ttTr o drN qtr <il dv - t+r+t +r *€\o <r !N \O 0 .N :ol 1 +l +l +l ol\ : NN O .,t5 -:98 Ttfto aY< i i;a NNo X.4 2, @- o TIOTI coeN O\€ o trN N ::9 ? +t +r +t +l €oo o .N :\o@ tlTr o o oo Hs :@ O O Ht4 'Ee'+..8u^,7 F .9- ,E sEfi €EE€tr o'd = i=sHifi !s I == 9 a-i) fiE€iifrEEEsfi> 1054 MINERALOGICAL NOTDS Hendricksite generally is absent in Franklin assemblagesthat contain abundant amphiboleor pyroxene.The only partition ratio that could be obtained on the pair amphibole [cummingtonite]/hendricksitehad the high value of 18.6.The Sc partition ratios for garnet/biotite reportedby Engel and Engel (1960)for various paragneissesare in the range 8 to 10. The two determinations here obtained on andradite/hendricksite both gave valuesof 30. There is a wide variation in the Sc content of an in- dividual mineral in different skarn specimens,and in the partition ratio of andradite/rhodonite(from 1.9 to 80). This variation is indicative of non- equilibrium conditions. In the normal ore,franklinite is the main host mineral (Table 1). This correlates with the mutual substitution of Sc3+and Fe3+observed experi- mentally in the spinel structure-type (Maxwell and Pickart, 1954).The average content of Sc in the normal ore, calculated from the relative abundanceof the mineralsas given by Frondel and Ito (1966a),is 1.3 ppm. The averageSc content of the skarn, calculatedfrom the average contentsof the mineralslisted in Table 1 and their relative abundance,is about 10 ppm. Volumetrically, the great bulk of the Sc in the deposit is present in solid solution, in substitution for Fe3+,in the franklinite and andradite. RrrnnrNcrs Crrr-aneN, W. H. (1966) Genesis of the Franklin-Sterling, New Jersey, orebodies. Econ. GeoI.61, 1l4O-1 141. ENcnr, A. E. J., ,r.lln C. G. ENcrr, (1960) Progressive metamorphism and granitization of the major parageneiss, northwest Adirondack Mountains, New York. Part II, Miner- alogy. Geol.Soc. Arner. Bull.7l, l-58. FnoNont, C., exn J. ho (1966a) Hendricksite, a new species of mica Amer. Mi.neral,.5l, tt07-t123. -r (1966b) Zincian aegirine-augite and jeffersonite from Franklin, N.J. Awer. Minual,. 51, 140G1413. -t aro J. G. Ifrxonrcrs (1966c) Barium feldspars from Franklin, N.J. Amer. MineraL 5l, 1388 1393. Hecun, J. M., J. L. Beuu, L. A Hrnnu,q,NN, AND R. J. Prcxenrxc (1956) Geology and structure of the Franklin-Sterling area, New Jersey. Geol Soc. A mer. BulL 67 r 435-474. Kr,nrN, C., aNo J. Iro (1968) Zincian and manganoan amphiboles from Franklin, N.J. Amer. Mineral. 53, 126+-1275. LoNo, L. E., eno J. L. Kur.r, (1962) Isotopic age study of the metamorphic history of the Manhattan and Reading Prongs. Geol.Soc. Amer.8u11.73,969-995. Peracrm, C. (1937) The minerals of Franklin and Sterling Hill, N.J. U.S. GwL Surzt. Prof . Pap. l8O. Trllrnc, R. I., L. P. GnnaNr,eNo aNo D. Gorrrnren (1969) Distribution of scandium be- tween coexisting biotite and hcrnblende in igneous rocks. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.8O, 651-668..
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