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Factors affecting climate. Importance of Identify Grand Cru varietals and sites % plantings of varietals the Vosges Yields per hectare for AC Alsace & Grand Sub districts. Location of best vineyards Cru & variety of soils Sugar levels for VT & SGN wines Alsace Grape varietals Latest developments & updates Appellations Alsace . Grand Cru Cremant Styles of wine VT SGN Labelling terms Factors affecting climate ‐ basic 1st & 2nd & 3rd classified growths from Climatic influences ‐ specific Soil types the Médoc . “A” category St Emilion All classified growths from each AC Production & ageing techniques Châteaux Médoc, Sauternes, St Emilion Botrytis wines, Barrique fermentation Top Pomerol Châteaux 2nd labels from classified sites /ageing Cru Bourgeois classification Wines of smaller districts ‐ Districts & sub districts & location Styles of wine from smaller Bordeaux St Emilion Classification Classification system 1855, ‐ St Emilion sub – districts. Loupiac, Cadillac etc St Emilion satelites Bordeaux Grape varietals / Blending ‐Importance Individual commune names in Pomerol Châteaux of varietal in the blend principal districts Côtes de Bordeaux classification Styles of wine from principal production Classic vintages Bourg / Blaye wines districts Latest developments & updates Quality levels AOC, AOP, IGP Factors affecting climate – specific Labelling terms Characteristics of the wines Trade structure ‐ En primeur Vintages – characteristics Médoc Premiere grand Cru Châteaux Wine & food recommendations
Climatic influences ‐ basic Grand Cru wines of Cote d’Or & Clmatic influences ‐ specific AC districts & location Chablis Grand Cru/ 1ere Cru wines from Permitted Grape varietals Smaller production districts ie. principal AC’s Soil types St Bris, Irancy, Montagny Villages entitled to use certain AC’s eg Production & ageing techniques Pouilly Fuissé , Beaujolais villages Burgundy Traditional / Maceration Carbonique Latest developments & updates Quality levels Generic, District, Villages Factors affecting climate – specific Premiere Cru Grand Cru Characteristics of the wines The Beaujolais cru Vintages‐ Characteristics Labelling terms Wine & food recommendations Structure of trade Climatic influences ‐ basic Yields and extraction amounts Viticulture‐ Training etc Champagne AC & sub districts Bottle sizes & amounts Grand Cru villages & locations Permitted grape varietals Quality marques from leading Contribution of each varietal Soils producers Amounts of Dosage in different styles Champagne Production method Coteaux Champenois wines Bottling terms Styles Single vineyard Champagnes Qualities Latest developments & updates Labelling terms Factors affecting climate – specific Bottle sizes Characteristics of the wines Vintages‐ Characteristics Wine & food recommendations
Alternative methods of production Wines & grape varietals used in Qualities of major sparkling wines eg Terms used to denote Traditional principal sparkling wines produced in DOCG DO etc method of production in other countries Major wine countries Traditional production methods Alternate Appellations for sparkling Eg Methode Dieoise , Methode Sparkling wines – Cremant Cava etc Ancestrale wines Principal sparkling wines of other Latest developments & updates European countries Factors affecting climate – specific Characteristics of the wines Vintages‐ Characteristics Wine & food recommendations
Climatic influences Principal wines from: Climatic influences ‐ specific Principal soil types Coteaux de Layon, Smaller AC’s of the Loire & Loir & wines Districts & sub districts of the region Savennieres produced Principal grape varietals & wines Central Vineyards Eg St Pourçain ,Cheverny, Orleans etc produced from them Anjou ‐ Saumur Soil types in Sancerre / Pouilly Loire Styles of wine Touraine Villages in Layon Principal AC’s VDQS wines of the Loire Labelling Terms Latest developments & updates Factors affecting climate – specific Characteristics of the wines Vintages‐ Characteristics Wine & food recommendations Climatic influences ‐ basic Principal estates in Chateuneuf du Climatic influences ‐ specific Districts & sub districts of the region Pape Cotes du Rhone village names Principal grape varietals & wines VDL & VDN wines produced in region Permitted Grape blends for principal produced from them & grapes used AC’s Blends of grapes AOC’s of S Rhone varietals & styles Smaller Rhone AC’s eg Cotes de Rhône Valley Styles of wine Tricastin, Cotes de Luberon etc Principal AC’s Latest developments & updates Labelling Terms Factors affecting climate – specific VDN VDL wine production Characteristics of the wines Vintages‐ Characteristics Wine & food recommendations Climatic influences ‐ basic In depth knowledge of wines of Jura – varietals wines and production Principal wines of : Provence, Bergerac, Monbazillac, Pecharment techniques of Vin Jaune / Vin de Paille Languedoc, Roussillon, Bergerac , Fitou, Cahors, Madiran, Corbieres Savoie , wines and varietals Madiran & Cahors Provence & sub regions Varietals / Languedoc Major & minor AC’s and Varietals used in principal wines and blends varietal / styles of wine South of styles / qualities of wines produced Vin de Pays areas of S France Roussillon, Gaillac, Bearn, Jurancon, France VDN & VDL wines of S France Irouleguy, Importance of Vin de Pays in S France Bergerac & AC’s within Latest developments & updates Factors affecting climate – specific Characteristics of the wines Vintages‐ Characteristics Wine & food recommendations Climatic influences ‐ basic Specific ageing requirements for Climatic influences ‐ specific Quality structure for Spain Vinos de la Rioja wines Names / locations of Vinos de Pagos Tierra, DO DOCa Vinos de Pagos etc DOCa’s of Spain Sub regions of Rias Baixas, Navarra, Wine districts of Spain & location Penedes Priorat (Vino de Pueblo) Principal varietals and synonyms of Smaller districts in S Spain Tempranillo Latest developments & updates Wine aging regime & terms Factors affecting climate – specific Spain Principal wines of main wine districts Characteristics of the wines Rias Baixas, Navarra, Rioja, Toro, Ribera Vintages‐ Characteristics del Duero, Penedes Rueda, Priorat Wine & food recommendations Valdepenas Styles of wine and varietals used Cava wine production Labelling terms
Climatic influences ‐ basic Grape varietals used to produce Garrafeira wines Quality structure principal wines Minho sub districts Wine producing districts – VR & DOC Douro, Bairrada, Dao, Vinho Verde, Transmontano VR– DOC’s Location of districts Setubal Duriense VR ‐Douro classification & Principal grape varietals Ageing terms & Regime terms Wines & production in : Dao, Vinho Beiras VR – DOC’s verde, Douro, Bairrada, Alentejo, Colares Lisboa VR – DOC’s Setúbal Alentejo VR – DOC’s Portugal Wine labelling terms Tejo VR & Subdistricts Terras do Sado VR & districts Algarve VR – DOC’s Açores VR Madeira Latest developments & updates Factors affecting climate – specific Characteristics of the wines Vintages‐ Characteristics Wine & food recommendations
Climatic influences ‐ basic DOCG’s in each region Climatic influences ‐ specific Quality structure IGT, DOC, DOCG Ageing requirements and specified Production techniques of principal Wine producing districts & location terms eg Riserva, ‐ Superiore, for wines – Varietals / blends, ageing Principal grape varietals and regions principal red wines. Barolo, requirements Principal wines of each region and Barbaresco, Chianti Vino Nobile, Wines from smaller areas: Liguria,Fruili, varietals used in production Brunello di Montalcino Trentino, Marches, Umbria, Lazio, Italy Production methods – Recioto, Ripasso Campania, Basilicata, Apulia, Abbruzo. Amarone, Vin Santo Molise, Sicilia & Islands, Sardinia
Labelling terms Varietals from Southern Italy Prosecco Latest developments & updates Factors affecting climate – specific Characteristics of the wines Vintages‐ Characteristics Wine & food recommendations Climatic influences ‐ basic Location of principal wine villages Climatic influences ‐ specific German quality structure QbA , QmP and the appropriate anbaugebeit In depth study of all anbaugebeit Anbaugebeit & location Labelling terms: Classic, Selection Quality structure AP no. Effects of climatic conditions on wine Erste Lage, Grosse Gewachs Landwein nomenclature Production terms Einzellage, Grosslage, VDP grading of wines & approved Bereich, Ortswein, Sekt varietals Germany Terms indicating estate bottling Vine crossings Principal grape varietals Required sugar levels (Oechsle) for Notable wine villages in the districts of QmP grades Mosel, Rheingau, Pfalz Latest developments & updates Soil structures, Mosel, Rheingau Labelling terms Trocken, Halbtrocken, Introduction to VDP structure & terms Climatic influences ‐ basic DAC districts Approved varietals in DAC regions Austrian quality structure Qba & QmP Latest developments & updates Define Ausbruch / Strohwein Production regions Austria DAC quality structure & levels Wachau quality wine terms Principal grape varietals & production districts where best grown Botrytis wine production Labelling terms Climatic influences ‐ basic Dessert wine production Detailed knowledge of Production areas Quality structure for quality wines and grape varietals used Principal regions Techniques of production unique to Greece Grape varietals Greece (Retsina, Training of vines – Principal wines ‐ Naoussa, Cotes de Santorini Meliton, Nemea, Mantinia, Patras, Samos Latest developments & updates Santorini Labelling terms Production of Tokaji wines Wine producing districts and principal Eastern Grape varietals wines produced in Europe Qualities of Tokaji Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia Grape varietals & native vines Latest developments & updates Principal areas of production and Quality structure of Swiss wines varietals used ‐ Lake Geneva, + sub ConfidenCiel districts, ‐ Neuchatel, Rhone valley Smaller Areas of Production & Wines Zurich, Schaffhausen , Ticino Switzerland Bundner Herrschaft, Grape varietals used Latest developments & updates
Climatic influences ‐ basic Zones Production & Blending regimes Wine producing states and production Regions Tasmania wine districts regions Sub regions within wine zones Quality framework & categories Latest developments & updates Australia Grape varietals associated with particular regions of production Wine Zones, Regions, SE Australia Super zone
Climate & Soils Appellations – N/ S Island Sub districts of wine regions Wine producing regions Latest developments & updates New Zealand Grape varietals associated with particular regions of production
Climatic influences ‐ basic AVAs associated with: Sonoma, Napa, Climatic influences ‐ specific AVA principles Monterey, Santa Barbara Ontario wine regulations (VQA) (DVA) Climatic conditions West Coast Wine producing regions of Canada & Principal wine districts of California & sub ‐districts of the Ontario area& varietals associated with these areas Niagra peninsula , British Columbia – Napa, Sonoma, San Francisco Bay area, sub regions United States Monterey, Santa Barbara & Paso Robles Principal varietal of Canadian areas & Principal wine districts of Oregon & Ice Wine production Canada Washington, varietals produced – Willamette, Colombia & Walla ‐Walla Labelling regulations – USA Principal wine districts of Washington Appellation system Colombia Valley, Walla – Walla, Puget AVAs of California (by district) Sound, Yakima Valley Smaller regions of California – Climate related to topography Mendocino, Lake, Livermore, St Luis Principal wine districts of New York Obispo, San Joaquim, South Coast, state Finger lakes & Long island Central valley, Sierra Foothills Major producers in each district & varietals produced All AVA’s of Washington – Oregon Major producers & varietals grown AVA of New York State – Finger lakes, Hudson Valley N Fork Long Island , Hamptons Latest developments & updates
Climatic influences ‐ basic Sub districts of Chilean wine regions Uruguay – VCP Labelling regulations & Climate of S America & Topograhical Sub districts of Mendoza terms influences (Andes – Pacific) Argentinian native varietals Regions & Varietals Chile Wine laws Brazil – District of production & South 5 Wine regions of Chile & sub districts Varietals America Key districts – Casablanca, Maipo, Rapel Mexico – Districts of production & Principal varietals of Chile varietals Argentina ‐ Regions. & varietals Latest developments & updates produced
Climatic influences ‐ basic Districts within major wine regions Districts outside WO areas Wine law & labelling regulations (WO) Coastal, Breede River Wards of principal districts – Climate & soils Labelling terms Cape Classique, Cape Stellenbosch, Paarl, Walker Bay, Olifants Structure of wine production ‐ 3 blend river, Klein Karoo Geographical units 5 Regions – Districts Principal wines produced South Africa Wards , Estates Latest developments & updates Principal wine regions of the Western Cape . Stellenbosch, Franschoek, Paarl, Constantia, Walker Bay, Elgin Varietals associated with production areas
Sherry – Location, Soils, varietals, VOS VORS designations Sherry Pagos (Finos) Production methods, Wine types Detailled production techniques – fortification , sweetening, colouring etc Sherry styles & Ageing designations Port – Douro region and production Port sub districts Fortified centres Port Viticulture & Vinification wines Soils Recent Port vintages Vineyard rating system Permitted varietals Single quintas of major Port houses Production methods Principal vintages 1970 – to date Port types ageing & qualities
Madeira ‐ Topography & climate Madeira producers Soils Key styles : 3, 5,10, 15 year, Fresqueira, Permitted varietals Colheita Production methods Madeira styles Other Fortified wines: (Production details of: Malaga Aromatised wines eg. Vermouths Vin de Liqueurs – Floc, Ratafia, Pineau de Charente Vin Doux naturels ACs and types Moscatel de Setúbal Montilla Morilles Australian Muscats
Principals of distillation Identify specific spirit types eg Production / qualities of Methods of production and qualities of Islay whisky Flavoured spirits: Pastis, Ouzo, Raki the following products Fine Champagne Akvavit, Scotch Whisky (Malt – blended) Armagnac Flavoured vodkas Irish Whisky US Whisky types Fruit ‐ eaux de vie Spirits Cognac – Qualities , blending & ageing Marc‐ Grappa Armagnac ‐ Qualities, blending & ageing Mezcals Calvados ‐ Qualities , blending & ageing Tequila – Gin Vodka – Terms used in production of each of the above
Principals of liqueur production Knowledge of liqueurs by type colour Knowledge of liqueurs by type colour & Extraction of flavours & flavour flavour Terms used : Triple sec, Compounding Fruit Fruit Service terms : Frappe etc. Citrus Citrus Liqueurs Herb – single & compounded Herb – single & compounded Bean & Nut Bean & Nut Flower Flower Non classified Non classified Ability to recommend Ability to recommend Climatic influences – basic Terms: Passerillage Climatic influences – specific Basic principals of viticulture Veraison Viticultural terms . Buttage Effects of climate aspect, planting Cryptogamic diseses and the effect on regimes production. eg Dead arm, Pierces Terroir disease Eutypiose Viticulture Vine types: V Vinefera, Labrusca etc Pest problems ‐ Insect pests & Crossings, Clones, Hybrids caterpillar infestations Grafting principles Degree days Training styles and effect Life cycle of vineyard Harvesting – Botrytis etc Alcoholic fermentation principles & Practice Vinification terms eg. Battonage, Terms: Chaptalisation (where practiced & forbidden Pressing practice Terms used . Vin de presse Rebeche, Vin de Gout etc Racking & Fining agents and how used Maceration carboniqe practice Wine ailments ‐ TCA Volatile acidity, Malo lactic fermentation, Sur lie oxidation Vinification Effects of oak – regimes Tartrates
Beer production‐ ingredients, ‐ methods define equipment, used, Mash tun, Food & Beer Pairing Copper, etc Beer types Terms used : Wort (Sweet – Bitter) Liquor, Beer types: Ales, Lager, Stout ,Porter Weissbier, Fruit beers Beer & Cider Conditioning practice . ‐ Pasteurisation (Keg, bottle Can) Cask conditioning – terms: Venting, tapping, Stillage, etc
Cider production‐ Definition Apple types, use of pears, Traditional production methods vs commercial practice Cider types .
Introduction ‐ Production , Labelling terms Saké production Terms used in Saké production Saké types and quality levels Basics of food and wine pairing Match specific wines to dishes giving Knowledge of varietal characteristics and effects which are man made ie .Malo ‐ reasoned choice and producers/best Food & Wine lactic, Oak, vintages Principles of food wine pairing pairing Effects of cooking on food flavours Effects of strong flavours and hard to pair foods .ie Vinegar, Chilli, Chocolate, Caramel Match specific wines to dishes giving reasons for choice