Kalena EFKAS 2021
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Balancing the Tides
JoAnna Poblete Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nam auctor faucibus odio, a scelerisque magna sollicitudin ac. Cras condimentum lacus elementum massa pharetra malesuada. Fusce ac eros varius, viverra urna scelerisque, egestas neque. Fusce tellus arcu, euismod ut rutrum faucibus, elementum quis sem. Fusce auctor sollicitudin lacus, sed sagittis libero tincidunt ac. Praesent vestibulum Balancing tellus a massa ultrices, et mattis augue ultricies. Aliquam at turpis a nisl portti- tor rhoncus id a lacus. Integer a risus eu sapien porta vestibulum. Aenean posu- ere non diam a posuere. Duis laoreet congue tellus, posuere aliquam leo facilisis quis. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Morbi mattis the Tides consequat lacus, ut aliquet dolor accumsan non. Proin suscipit molestie convallis. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Proin quam justo, feugiat non accumsan et, congue sit amet mi. Marine Practices in Vestibulum consectetur mauris et nisl ultrices, eget hendrerit dui vestibulum. Balancing the Mauris gravida sodales nulla eu mattis. Nam tincidunt eu ante vel euismod. Ali- American Sāmoa quam laoreet lacus quis tellus efficitur, vitae porttitor leo pulvinar. Integer dapi- bus gravida quam quis vehicula. Nulla metus nulla, suscipit in porta non, fermen- tum eget urna. Integer quis turpis felis. Sed finibus sem non elementum volutpat. Phasellus pulvinar orci tortor, sed congue elit pharetra eu. Curabitur sodales, dui a luctus semper, metus erat iaculis risus, ut facilisis leo mi vitae lorem. Pellentesque elementum dui ex, in pulvinar nibh maximus ut. -
Still Living Without the Basics in the 21St Century
rcap_cover_final 6/2/04 2:21 PM Page 1 Still Living Without the Basics in the 21st Century Analyzing the Availability of Wa t e r and Sanitation Services in the United States Rural Community Assistance Partnership Still Living Without the Basics Table of Contents Foreword.............................................................................................................................................................1 Executive Summary...........................................................................................................................................3 Still Living Without the Basics in the 21st Century ......................................................................................3 Still Living Without the Basics: Analyzing the Availability of Water and Sanitation Services in the United States.......................................................................................................................................................7 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................7 Methodological Layout of the Study...............................................................................................................8 Part I of the Analysis......................................................................................................................................8 Part II of the Analysis....................................................................................................................................9 -
Bilingual Marine Data Distribution Using Arcims for Coral Reef Conservation
Bilingual Marine Data Distribution Using ArcIMS for Coral Reef Conservation Emily. M. Larkin, Dawn J. Wright, and Emily. R. Lundblad Abstract American Samoa is home to some of the most unique coral reefs in the United States. They face several threats, including climate change, pollution, destructive fishing methods, and invasive species. Additionally, the remote location of American Samoa makes distribution of scientific research and data problematic. As part of an ongoing project at Oregon State University, this project will provide for the distribution of research about coral reefs in American Samoa to educators, managers and the public for promotion of reef conservation. Several steps will be necessary to accomplish this goal, including creation of benthic habitat maps for Fagaitua Bay and the National Park of American Samoa, development of a Web-based Geographic Information System in Samoan and English (including a bibliographic database of resources related to reefs in American Samoa), and creation of educational modules about benthic habitat GIS for use by American Samoa Community College. Introduction This study addresses the problem of public outreach and accessibility of scientific research and data in American Samoa through a web-based GIS called the American Samoa Benthic Viewer (ASBV). The remote location of the territory makes dissemination of current research that directly concerns American Samoa problematic. While there has been a proliferation of research on the coral reefs around the territory in the past few years, little of this information is available to the public in a form that is readily understandable or useable. This information may potentially be used in the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs), which, in a society still partially dependent on subsistence fishing, directly affects the general public (Gilman 1997). -
American Samoa
Coral Reef Habitat Assessment for U.S. Marine Protected Areas: U.S. Territory of American Samoa National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA’s National Ocean Service Management & Budget Office Special Projects February 2009 Project Overview About this Effort NCCOS Benthic Habitat Mapping Effort The United States Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF), in both its National The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs (2000) and its National Coral Reef Ocean Service (NOS) initiated a coral reef research program in 1999 to Action Strategy (2002), established a key conservation objective of pro- map, assess, inventory, and monitor U.S. coral reef ecosystems (Monaco tecting at least 20% of U.S. coral reefs and associated habitat types in et al. 2001). These activities were implemented in response to require- no-take marine reserves. NOAA’s Coral Reef Conservation Program has ments outlined in the Mapping Implementation Plan developed by the Map- been supporting efforts to assess current protection levels of coral reefs ping and Information Synthesis Working Group (MISWG) of the Coral Reef within Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and quantify the area of U.S. coral Task Force (CRTF) (MISWG 1999). NOS’s National Centers for Coastal reef ecosystems protected in no-take reserves. The official federal defini- Ocean Science (NCCOS) Biogeography Team was charged with the de- tion of an MPA, signed into law by Executive Order 13158, is “any area of velopment and implementation of a plan to produce comprehensive digital the marine environment that has been reserved by federal, state, tribal, coral-reef ecosystem maps for all U.S. -
BEACH ADVISORY Supporting Efforts to Clean Our Shores
BEACH ADVISORY Supporting efforts to clean our shores Release Date: January 17, 2018 Contact: AS-EPA Water Program at (684) 633-2304 The American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency (AS-EPA) advises the public that on January 16, 2018, the following recreational beaches tested positive for Enterococci bacteria levels that exceed American Samoa Water Quality Standards: Amanave Stream Mouth Aua Stream Mouth Asili Stream Mouth Alega Stream Mouth Avau Fagaitua Utulei Amouli Fagasa-Fagale’a Aoa Afono Stream Mouth Onenoa Vatia AS-EPA beach advisories inform the public about current water conditions. When a beach advisory is issued, it is because water samples indicate that the American Samoa Water Quality Standard for Enterococci has been exceeded. This advisory is in effect until further sampling and laboratory analyses indicate that Enterococci concentrations are within acceptable water quality standards. The presence of Enterococci in the water indicates contamination by human and/or animal wastes. Swimming in water with high levels of Enterococci may cause stomach problems, skin rashes, and ear, eye, and wound infections. To reduce your risk: avoid swallowing beach water, be sure to rinse or towel off after a swim, and shower once at home. If you are ill, or think you may be ill, AS-EPA advises that you consult a physician before making any water contact in the beaches cited above. Note: AS-EPA monitors the water quality of 44 recreational beaches on Tutuila, the wharf in Aunu’u, and five beaches on Manu’a. Tutuila advisories are issued weekly on Wednesdays. Aunu’u and Manu’a advisories are issued monthly. -
RFP No. ASPA17.045.WTR Upper Amouli Tank Replacement Project ” 5) Late Submittals Will Not Be Opened Or Considered and Will Be Determined As Non-Responsive
American Samoa Power Authority PO Box PPB Pago Pago, AS 96799 REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS Upper Amouli Tank Replacement Project July 18, 2017 RFP NO.: ASPA17.045.WTR APPROVED FOR ISSUANCE BY: UTU ABE MALAE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Page 1 | 30 Table of Contents Title Page .................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 Notice to Offerors ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Proposal Invitation ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Special Reminder to Prospective Offerors ............................................................................................................... 5 Significant Dates ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 General Terms and Conditions ................................................................................................................................. 8 Proposal Transmittal and Bid Forms (Attachment A) ........................................................................................... -
Warrior Nation Crushes Faga'itua's Hope of a Postseason
SECTION B VISIT SAMOA NEWS ONLINE @ SAMOANEWS.COM MONDAY, OCTOBER 16, 2017 CLASSIFIEDS • CARTOONS • ALOHA BRIEFS & MORE ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ C M Y K Warrior Nation crushes Faga’itua’s hope of a postseason TAFUNA REMAINS THE ONLY UNDEFEATED TEAM by T. Gasu a tough position. Samoa News Sports The Warriors claimed vic- Correspondent tory from the beginning of the ASHSAA’s sixth week of match, as they scored during high school football action at their fi rst offensive possession the Veterans Memorial Stadium of the game. this past weekend was also the After receiving the opening opening of the second round of kick off and returning it to the regular season for both var- midfi eld, the Warriors’ offen- O’Neil Ah Ching of Faga’itua returning a kick o all the way into Warriors territory – the longest sity and JV divisions. sive unit, led by Tala Sufi a, conversion for the Vikings during the match. Faga’itua went scoreless 0 to 24, in this JV match up. Many were hoping for a moved the chains downfi eld [photo: TG] Tafuna loss against the Vikings and spotted a fortunate fi rst last weekend, so the two pow- down situation on Faga’itua’s erhouses could see each other 15-yard line. An inside hand in post season playoffs but the off to Panapa Filoiali’i put the Warrior Nation said, “NOT Warriors on the board, with just THIS TIME,” as Tafuna sent 8:15 into the opening quarter both Vikings divisions home of the game. The two-point with losses. For now, Tafuna conversion pass was caught by remains the only undefeated Pene Fa’avae in the end zone team in the league, so their to put the Warriors on top with quest for a championship title an 8-point lead. -
Ethnographic Assessment and Overview National Park of American Samoa
PACIFIC COOPERATIVE STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA Dr. David C. Duffy, Unit Leader Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way, St. John #408 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Technical Report 152 ETHNOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT AND OVERVIEW NATIONAL PARK OF AMERICAN SAMOA November 2006 Jocelyn Linnekin1, Terry Hunt, Leslie Lang and Timothy McCormick 1 Email: [email protected]. Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut Beach Hall Room 445, U-2176 354 Mansfield Road Storrs, Connecticut 06269-2176 Ethnographic Assessment and Overview The National Park of American Samoa Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures iii List of Slides v Preface: Study Issues vi Maps vii Key to Maps x I. The Environmental Context 1 Climate and Vegetation 1 The National Park Environments 4 II. Archaeology and Samoan Prehistory 8 Early Settlement 8 Later Inland Settlement 9 Late Prehistoric Period 9 European Contact and the Historical Period 10 Archaeology in the National Park Units 10 III. Research Methodology 15 Documentary Phase 15 Field Research 15 Limitations of the Research 17 IV. Ethnohistory 22 Myths and Legends Relevant to the Park 22 The European Contact Period 25 Western Ethnohistorical and Ethnographic Reports 31 V. Agriculture and Domestically Useful Plants 46 Tutuila Unit 46 Ta'u Unit 49 Ofu Unit 51 Summary 52 VI. Marine Resources 53 Tutuila Unit 53 Ta'u Unit 57 Ofu Unit 58 Summary 61 i VII. Medicinal Plants 63 Ofu Unit 63 Ta'u Unit 66 Tutuila Unit 66 Summary 67 VIII. Analysis of Freelist Data 75 Crops and Cultivated Plants 76 Medicinal Plants 81 Fish and Marine Species 84 Animals and Birds 86 Summary of the Freelist Results 88 IX. -
Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian, and Samoan Islands
CYCLOPHORIDAE AND PUPINIDAE OF CAROLINE, FIJIAN, AND SAMOAN ISLANDS BY WILLIAM J. CLENCH BERNICE P. BISHOP MUSEUM BULLETIN 196 HONOLULU, HAWAII PUBLISHED BY THE MUSEUM 1949 ISSUED MAY 18, 1949 FUNDS FOR THE PRINTING OF THIS PAPER WERE CONTRIBUTED BY THE CHARLES M. AND ANNA C. COOKE TRUST. CONTENTS PAGE Introduction , 3 Cyclophoridae 4 Species from the various island groups 5 New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands 5 Santa Cruz Islands 6 Caroline Islands 7 Samoa 9 New Hebrides 19 Fijian Islands 20 Caroline Islands 25 Pupinidae 30 Micronesia and Melanesia 30 Unknown species 48 Literature cited 49 Index 51 Cyclophoridae1 and Pupinidae of Caroline, Fijian, and Samoan Islands By WILLIAM J. CLENCH CURATOR OF MOW.USKS, HARVARD UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION The following report is based largely upon the extensive collection of Pacific island mollusks in Bernice P. Bishop Museum. The study was made possible by a Yale-Bishop Museum Fellowship which was granted for the winter of 1940-1941. Upon my return to Cambridge, the collection of mollusks in my charge was reviewed for additional data for the two families considered in this paper. I am exceedingly grateful to the Yale University Committee and to the Trustees of Bishop Museum for this fellowship and for the rare opportunity to study in the Hawaiian Islands. The value to the individual scientist of an opportunity of this sort far transcends the published results of a single report. Such an experience with the chance of seeing new and different animals and plants in the field and under totally different conditions naturally tends to shift preconceived viewpoints obtained from other field experience. -
CHAPTER II Planning Area Profile for Hazard Mitigation Analysis
CHAPTER II Planning Area Profile for Hazard Mitigation Analysis 24 Territory of American Samoa Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan A U.S. Territory since 1900, American Samoa is located in the central South Pacific Ocean, 2,300 miles south-southwest of Hawaii and 1,600 miles east-northeast of New Zealand. American Samoa has a total land area of approximately 76 square miles and consists of a group of five volcanic islands and two atolls (Rose Atoll and Swains Island). The five volcanic islands, Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta’u, are the major inhabited islands. Tutuila is the largest island and the center of government. Ofu, Olosega, and Ta’u, collectively are referred to as the Manu’a Islands. Figure 1 Base Map of American Samoa depicts all of the islands of American Samoa. Figure 1. Base Map of American Samoa. The five volcanic islands, Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta’u, are the inhabited islands. At 53 square miles, Tutuila is the largest and oldest of the islands, and is the center of government and business. It is a long, narrow island lying SW-NE, is just over 20 miles in length, and ranges from 1 to 2 miles wide in the eastern half, and from 2 to 5 miles wide in the western half. Home to 95 percent of the territory’s 55,000 residents, Tutuila is the historic capitol (Pago Pago), the seat of American Samoa’s legislature and judiciary (Fagatogo), as well as the office of the Governor. Tutuila is often divided into 3 regions: the eastern district, the western district and Manu’a district. -
Recovery from Disturbance
Results of the Territorial Monitoring Program of American Samoa for 2008, Benthic Section. By Douglas Fenner, Ph.D. Coral Reef Monitoring Ecologist Department of Marine & Wildlife Resources (DMWR) American Samoa 2009 Report to DMWR, the Coral Reef Advisory Group (CRAG), and NOAA Supported by a NOAA Coral Reef Monitoring Grant, part of the Coral Reef Initiative 1 Contents Acknowledgements 2 Abstract 3 Methods 6 Results 10 Reef Slopes 11 Individual Sites 18 Corals in Transects 22 Lifeforms 22 Genera 29 Species 36 Species Diversity 42 Reef Flats 46 Outer Flats 46 Trends at Individual Sites 50 Corals on outer reef flats 53 Lifeforms 53 Genera 56 Species 58 Inner Reef Flats 61 Individual Sites 64 Comparisons 67 Depth and Zonation 69 Coral Lifeforms 75 Genera 77 Species 79 Invertebrates 83 Water Clarity 93 Non-Point Pollution 95 Baselines 98 Crown-of-thorns 98 Red Tides in the Harbor 99 Seagrass 100 Major Disturbances 100 Table Coral Recruitment 101 Cloth Rags 104 Species 104 References 106 Acknowledgements Thank you to boat captain Mika Letuane. Thanks also to Ekueta Schuster for filling tanks and other support, and for DMWR enforcement for the use of their giant pickup to 2 pull the boat over the very steep pass to the boat ramp at Fagasa on the north side of Tutuila. Special thanks go to the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, for the use of the Sanctuary boat when the DMWR boat was not available. Abstract Benthic communities remain relatively healthy with moderate live coral cover, low macroalgae and no recently dead coral, and a small increase in live coral cover in 2008. -
American Samoa
Date visited: November 8, 2016 American Samoa Previous (American Revolutionary War) (/entry/American_Revolutionary_War) Next (American civil religion) (/entry/American_civil_religion) American Samoa Amerika Sāmoa / Sāmoa Amelika is an unorganized, American Samoa incorporated territory of the United States (/entry/File:American_samoa_coa.png) (/entry/File:Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg) Flag Coat of arms Motto: "Samoa, Muamua Le Atua" (Samoan) "Samoa, Let God Be First" Anthem: The StarSpangled Banner, Amerika Samoa (/entry/File:LocationAmericanSamoa.png) Capital Pago Pago1 (de facto (/entry/De_facto)), Fagatogo (seat of (/entry/List_of_national_capitals) government) Official languages English, Samoan Government President Barack Obama (/entry/Barack_Obama) (D) Governor Togiola Tulafono (D) Lieutenant Governor Ipulasi Aitofele Sunia (D) Unincorporated territory of the United States (/entry/United_States) Tripartite Convention 1899 Deed of Cession of Tutuila 1900 Deed of Cession of Manu'a 1904 Annexation of Swains Island 1925 Area (/entry/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_area) Date visited: November 8, 2016 199 km² (212th Total (/entry/List_of_countries_and_outlying_territories_by_area)) 76.83 sq mi Water (%) 0 Population 2009 estimate 66,432 2000 census 57,291 326/km² Density 914/sq mi GDP (/entry/Gross_domestic_product) 2007 estimate (PPP) Total $575.3 million Per capita (/entry/Per_capita) Currency (/entry/Currency) US dollar (USD) Internet TLD (/entry/List_of_Internet_top .as level_domains) Calling code ++1684 (/entry/List_of_country_calling_codes) (/entry/United_States), located in the South Pacific Ocean (/entry/Pacific_Ocean) southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa (/entry/Samoa). The native inhabitants of its 70,000 people are descended from seafaring Polynesians (/entry/Polynesia) who populated many islands in the South Pacific. It is a destination spot of many vacationers due to its seasonally sublime climate and miles of clear sandy beaches.