The INFN Contribution to Subnuclear Physics in Europe
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Archivio Storico Della Presidenza Della Repubblica
ARCHIVIO STORICO DELLA PRESIDENZA DELLA REPUBBLICA Ufficio per la stampa e l’informazione Archivio fotografico del Presidente della Repubblica Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992-1999) settembre 2006 2 Il lavoro è a cura di Manuela Cacioli. 3 busta evento data PROVINI 1 Roma. Deposizione di corona d’alloro all’Altare della Patria e 1992 mag. 27-ago. 7 incontro col sindaco Franco Carraro a Piazza Venezia, \27.5.92. Presentazione dei capi missione accreditati e delle loro consorti e Festa nazionale della Repubblica, \7.6.92. “La Famiglia Legnanese” per il 40° anniversario di fondazione, \2.7.92. Redazione della rivista “Nuova Ecologia”, \13.7.92 (n.4). Avv. Paolo Del Bufalo e gruppo di giovani romani, \20.7.92. Confederazione italiana fra Associazioni combattentistiche italiane, \28.7.92. Gen. Roberto Occorsio e amm. Luciano Monego in visita di congedo, \28.7.92. Yahya Mahmassani, nuovo ambasciatore del Libano, e Patrick Stanislaus Fairweather, nuovo ambasciatore di Gran Bretagna: presentazione lettere credenziali, \29.7.92. Alì Akbar Velayati, ministro degli esteri dell’Iran, \29.7.92. Madre Teresa di Calcutta, \31.7.92. On. Giuseppe Vedovato, Associazione ex parlamentari della Repubblica, \31.7.92. Avv. Carlo D’Amelio, Associazione nazionale avvocati pensionati, \31.7.92. Giuramento dell’on. Emilio Colombo, ministro degli esteri del governo Amato, \1.8.92. On. prof. Salvatore Andò, ministro della difesa, il capo di Stato maggiore dell’aeronautica e componenti della pattuglia acrobatica nazionale, \5.8.92. Il piccolo Farouk Kassam e i genitori, \7.8.92. 2 On. Carlo Casini con i vincitori del concorso nazionale “La famiglia: 1992 giu. -
The Charm of Theoretical Physics (1958– 1993)?
Eur. Phys. J. H 42, 611{661 (2017) DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2017-80040-9 THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL H Oral history interview The Charm of Theoretical Physics (1958{ 1993)? Luciano Maiani1 and Luisa Bonolis2,a 1 Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy 2 Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Boltzmannstraße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany Received 10 July 2017 / Received in final form 7 August 2017 Published online 4 December 2017 c The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract. Personal recollections on theoretical particle physics in the years when the Standard Theory was formed. In the background, the remarkable development of Italian theoretical physics in the second part of the last century, with great personalities like Bruno Touschek, Raoul Gatto, Nicola Cabibbo and their schools. 1 Apprenticeship L. B. How did your interest in physics arise? You enrolled in the late 1950s, when the period of post-war reconstruction of physics in Europe was coming to an end, and Italy was entering into a phase of great expansion. Those were very exciting years. It was the beginning of the space era. L. M. The beginning of the space era certainly had a strong influence on many people, absolutely. The landing on the moon in 1969 was for sure unforgettable, but at that time I was already working in Physics and about to get married. My interest in physics started well before. The real beginning was around 1955. Most important for me was astronomy. It is not surprising that astronomy marked for many people the beginning of their interest in science. -
Sapienza Universit`A Di Roma Dipartimento Di Fisica Scientific
Sapienza Universit`adi Roma Dipartimento di Fisica Scientific Report 2007 - 2009 Sapienza Universit`adi Roma Dipartimento di Fisica Scientific Report 2007-2009 The Scientific Report has been edited by Daniele del Re, Marco De Petris, Leonardo Gualtieri, Fabio Sciarrino. Cover graphics by Fulvio Medici: Picture of Marconi Building Department of Physics Main Campus of Sapienza Universit`adi Roma Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma In the 1930s, a group of young architects, directed by Marcello Piacentini, created the new University Campus of Rome. The building which currently hosts the Department of Physics was designed by Giuseppe Pagano (1896-1945) between 1932 and 1935. After the death of Guglielmo Marconi, in 1937, it was given the name Istituto Guglielmo Marconi. Originally Paganos building extended over 3400 square metres, and was divided into two main parts corresponding to Advanced Physics and Experimental Physics. It included workshops, a library and the guards houses. The two hundred and thirty-seven rooms that composed the building were organized following a functional scheme, related to the plant design and to the construction features of the building. The formal solutions, such as the mechanism of the windows, were defined with an aim to the maximal functionality; interior niches, colours, doors and windows were the same for all premises. The innovative conception and use of leading-edge techniques make this building a masterpiece of aesthetics and functionality, mentioned in various Architecture textbooks. Indeed, it had a profound influence on the other architects who worked at the University Campus. The building plan is the result of a free articulation of the various parts, according to the different functions that should be carried out, harmoniously incorporated as well-defined volumes to which the vacuum corresponds as an essential complement of rhythm. -
Luisa Bonolis 2
LuisaM<html><head></head><body><pre Bonolis style="word-wrap:Address: Via Cavalese break-word; 13, 00135 Rome white-space: pre-wrap;"> Address: Koserstraße 23, 14195 Berlin </pre></body></html>Curriculum Vitae Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] www: https://www.luisabonolis.it/ 12 January 2015 www: https://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/users/lbonolis Education and Qualifications 1993 Master Degree in Physics, Rome University Sapienza 1994 Post graduate specialization diploma in Physics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy 2006 Ph.D. Scholarship, History of Sciences, Seminario di Storia della Scienza, Bari University, Italy 2009 Ph.D. in History of Science (with distinction). Title of dissertation: Bruno Rossi and Cosmic Rays: From Earth Laboratories to Physics in Space 2018 National Scientific Habilitation in History of Physics for the role of Associate Professor from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research Language Skills Italian: Mother tongue English: Fluent German: Working knowledge French: Proficient Spanish: Working knowledge Professional and research experience 1993–1995 Editor for book publishers Shakespeare & Company Futura, Florence. 1996–2002 Collaboration with the Society for Oral History on a project funded by the National Re- search Council regarding the realization of a series of oral history interviews to leading figures of the 20th century Italian physics to be preserved at the National State Archive. 1996–2003 Scientific Consultant and collaborator at Quadrofilm Company for the realization of a series of documentaries on the history of science, produced for RAI Italian Television (See Docufilms & Television Series). 2000–2002 Contract with the Physics Department of Rome University La Sapienza and the Ro- me branch of the National Institute for Nuclear Physics: research activities and collaboration with the National Committee and with the executive Council for the celebrations of Enrico Fermi’s birth centennial. -
Edoardo Amaldi
Edoardo Amaldi Inventario sommario dell'archivio conservato presso il Dipartimento di fisica dell'Università La Sapienza di Roma 1927 – 1990 a cura di Giovanni Battimelli, Lucia Orlando e Giovanni Paoloni (1994) Informatizzazione e indicizzazione a cura di Nicoletta Valente svolte nel corso del 2015-2016 con il finanziamento della Direzione generale ArcHivi del Ministero dei beni culturali e ambientali e del turismo Sommario Premessa, cenni biografici, nota arcHivistica 1 Inventario 3 Indici dei nomi 73 Premessa Le carte di Amaldi, recuperate nel suo studio e in altri locali del Dipartimento di fisica dell'Università "La Sapienza" di Roma, in aggiunta al corposo versamento del 1991 da parte della famiglia Amaldi al Gruppo di storia della fisica, fanno dell'Archivio del grande fisico piacentino il maggiore tra gli archivi degli scienziati posseduti dall'Università di Roma. L'inventario sommario che segue è relativo ai fascicoli personali (1927-1990) prove- nienti dal Dipartimento e redatto dagli autori a metà degli anni '90. Il suo recupero in- formatico (tramite il software GEA.4 in uso presso il Dipartimento di fisica), lo Ha reso omogeneo alla gran parte dei fondi arcHivistici conservati presso il Dipartimento stesso.1 Cenni biografici Edoardo Amaldi nacque a Carpaneto Piacentino il 5 settembre 1908, figlio di Ugo Amal- di, professore universitario di Matematica. Fu tra i primi allievi di Enrico Fermi a Roma e fece parte del leggendario gruppo dei ''ragazzi di Via Panisperna'', nucleo originario del- la Scuola di Fisica romana. Tra i risultati più importanti ottenuti dal Gruppo romano, cui Amaldi contribuì attivamente, sono da ricordare gli studi pionieristici sulla radioattività e sulla fisica dei nuclei, cHe fecero guadagnare ai componenti del gruppo i più alti rico- noscimenti mondiali, culminati nel Nobel per la Fisica attribuito a Fermi nel 1938. -
Bruno Touschek in Germany After the War: 1945-46
LABORATORI NAZIONALI DI FRASCATI INFN–19-17/LNF October 10, 2019 MIT-CTP/5150 Bruno Touschek in Germany after the War: 1945-46 Luisa Bonolis1, Giulia Pancheri2;† 1)Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Boltzmannstraße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany 2)INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, P.O. Box 13, I-00044 Frascati, Italy Abstract Bruno Touschek was an Austrian born theoretical physicist, who proposed and built the first electron-positron collider in 1960 in the Frascati National Laboratories in Italy. In this note we reconstruct a crucial period of Bruno Touschek’s life so far scarcely explored, which runs from Summer 1945 to the end of 1946. We shall describe his university studies in Gottingen,¨ placing them in the context of the reconstruction of German science after 1945. The influence of Werner Heisenberg and other prominent German physicists will be highlighted. In parallel, we shall show how the decisions of the Allied powers, towards restructuring science and technology in the UK after the war effort, determined Touschek’s move to the University of Glasgow in 1947. Make it a story of distances and starlight Robert Penn Warren, 1905-1989, c 1985 Robert Penn Warren arXiv:1910.09075v1 [physics.hist-ph] 20 Oct 2019 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Authors’ ordering in this and related works alternates to reflect that this work is part of a joint collaboration project with no principal author. †) Also at Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. Contents 1 Introduction2 2 Hamburg 1945: from death rays to post-war science4 3 German science and the mission of the T-force6 3.1 Operation Epsilon . -
Bruno Touschek, from Betatrons to Electron-Positron Colliders
Preprint of an invited article submitted for publication in Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology, Vol. 8. http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscinet/rast c 2015 by World Scientific Publishing Company Bruno Touschek, from Betatrons to Electron-positron Colliders Carlo Bernardini∗ Physics Department, University of Rome Sapienza Rome, 00185, Italy Giulia Pancheriy INFN Frascati National Laboratory, Via E. Fermi 40 Frascati, I00044, Italy Claudio Pellegriniz Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025 Bruno Touschek's life as a physicist spanned the period from World War II to the 1970s. He was a key figure in the developments of electron-positron colliders, storage rings, and gave important contributions to theoretical high energy physics. Storage rings, initially developed for high energy physics, are being widely used in many countries as synchrotron radiation sources and are a tool for research in physics, chemistry, biology environmental sciences and cultural heritage studies. We describe Touschek's life in Austria, where he was born, Germany, where he participated to the construction of a betatron during WWII, and Italy, where he proposed and led to completion the first electron-positron storage ring in 1960, in Frascati. We highlight how his central European culture influenced his life style and work, and his main contributions to physics, such as the discovery of the Touschek effect and beam instabilities in the larger storage ring ADONE. Keywords: Storage rings, colliders, electron-positron colliders, radiative corrections, electron beam instabili- ties arXiv:1510.00933v1 [physics.hist-ph] 4 Oct 2015 ∗ [email protected] y [email protected] z [email protected] 2 I. -
ANNIVERSARY the INFN Marks Half
ANNIVERSARY The INFN marks half The Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare recently celebrated its 50th anniversary. Elisabetta Durante Romano looks at the origins of the institute, its subsequent development and its role in todav's maior collaborations. Celebrating 50 years: (front row, left to right) Luciano Maiani, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare president Enzo larocci Nicola Cabibbo and Carlo Rubbia at the opening ceremony of speaking at the opening ceremony of the 50th anniversary of the INFN anniversary event. the institute's foundation. On his left is Edoardo Vesentini, president ofAccademia dei Lincei. The Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) is the direct heir to Enrico Fermi and Bruno Rossi's eminent pre-Second World War research. "Discoveries [in this field] do not guarantee immediately schools of physics. Its purpose remains the same - to investigate the profitable applications. Nevertheless, this kind of research stimu innermost structure of matter, a curiosity-driven research that over lates great industrial interest, as experimental requirements contin the years has led to a deep exploration of nature and that today uously force technology to move on," he said. motivates physicists to "draw a picture of the Big Bang". After recalling Fermi's fore As Giorgio Salvini, former Italian minister for universities and sight and farsightedness, CERN Fermi suggested research, recalled, the institute first wanted to equip itself with an director-general Luciano Maiani accelerator - the most powerful at the time. "Fermi himself had sug highlighted the INFN commit building an gested aiming high in energy...as it was new physics," said Salvini. ment to his laboratory and electronic Fermi - the last truly universal physicist - also suggested building an explained the expectations of electronic calculating machine, the first prototype of which at Pisa the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) calculating soon made possible the first commercial computer in Italy. -
Arxiv:1812.11847V2 [Physics.Hist-Ph] 22 Nov 2019
LNF ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI FISICA NUCLEARE Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN-18/12/LNF December 31, 2018 Bruno Touschek with AdA in Orsay: The first direct observation of electron-positron collisions Giulia Pancheri1, Luisa Bonolis2 1)INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, P.O. Box 13, I-00044 Frascati, Italy 2)Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Boltzmannstraße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany Abstract We describe how the first direct observation of electron-positron collisions took place in 1963-1964 at the Laboratoire de l’Accel´ erateur´ Lineaire´ d’Orsay, in France, with the storage ring AdA, which had been proposed and constructed in the Italian National Lab- oratories of Frascati in 1960, under the guidance of Bruno Touschek. The obstacles and successes of the two and a half years during which the feasibility of electron-positron col- liders was proved will be illustrated using archival and forgotten documents, in addition to transcripts from interviews with Carlo Bernardini, Peppino Di Giugno, Mario Fascetti, Franc¸ois Lacoste, and Jacques Ha¨ıssinski. arXiv:1812.11847v2 [physics.hist-ph] 22 Nov 2019 Drawing by Bruno Touschek (Amaldi 1981). Authors’ ordering in this and related works alternates to reflect that this work is part of a joint collaboration project with no principal author. Contents 1 Introduction1 1.1 Sources and outline . .6 2 Prequel8 2.1 Electron-positron collisions from Kiev to Rome and Frascati . 10 2.2 July 1961: a visit from Orsay . 17 3 AdA’s arrival and installation in Orsay: Summer 1962 19 3.1 First experiments: weekends and long nights or sixty hours in row . -
The Fourteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics
September 4, 2017 9:40 ws-procs961x669 MG-14 – Proceedings (Part D) D434 page 3378 3378 The beginning of Edoardo Amaldi’s interest in gravitation experiments and in gravitational wave detection Adele La Rana∗ TERA Foundation, Novara, Italy & Sapienza University, Rome, Italy ∗E-mail: [email protected] Luisa Bonolis Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Unedited documents and letters∗ allowed to establish that Edoardo Amaldi’s first inter- ests in experiments on gravitation date back to the late 1950s, about twelve years before the beginning of the research activity in gravitational wave (GW) detection in Rome (1970). Amaldi was connected to the main protagonists of the historical phenomenon that many historians call the Renaissance of General Relativity (GR), characterised by the new attitude of the scientific world towards Einstein’s theory of gravitation, which had its start in the middle of the 1950s and which grew along the 1960s, with the birth of relativistic astrophysics†. Since the second half of the 1960s, Amaldi’s will of beginning an experimental activity for detecting gravitational radiation clearly emerges. Keywords: Gravitation; general relativity; gravitational waves; Edoardo Amaldi; Bruno Touschek; Robert Dicke; Dmitri Ivanenko; Robert Wheeler; Joseph Weber; Livio Grat- ton; Remo Ruffini. 1. Introduction: The known story In an internal note from the Institute of Physics of Rome published in 1975a, Edoardo Amaldi recounts: The idea of starting an experiment aiming to detect GW in Rome was stim- ulated by the Course on Experimental Tests of Gravitational Theories held in summer 1961 at the Scuola Internazionale E. -
The Role of Elementary Particle Accelerators
The role of elementary particle accelerators Carlo Rubbia CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, CH Life long Member of the Senate of the Italian Republic Foreign Member of the Royal Society 43rd Edwards Lecture, May 2017 1 Foreword Particle accelerators are the main method to bring a small fraction of ionized matter to very high speeds, often very close to the speed of light with the help of accelerating RF electric and magnetic fields to contain them in well defined beams. They are useful for both fundamental and applied physics and in technical and industrial fields unrelated to fundamental research. Collisions occur at the end with secondary particles either at rest or at speeds - in order to analyse physical phenomena occurring at the centre of mass energy of the process. Unfortunately for a highly relativistic momentum of a beam hitting a target at rest, the resulting centre of mass energy is strongly reduced. Collisions between two highly relativistic beams both colliding head-on therefore, although more problematic, are a more effective way to achieve high energy processes. 43rd Edwards Lecture, May 2017 Slide# : 2 Presently operating accelerators There are currently more than 30,000 accelerators in operation around the world. About 1% of them are large accelerators with beams above 1 GeV used in particle physics or as synchrotron light sources for the study of condensed matter physics. Smaller particle accelerators are used in a wide variety of applications, including radiotherapy ion implantation industrial processing and Number of units research and biomedical and other low- energy processes Radioisotopes Ion Implantation Synchrotron rad. -
Bruno Touschek : Un Européen Pour Qui La Physique Est Un
Histoire des sciences Bruno Touschek : un Européen pour qui la physique est un art* Science et société Giuseppe Mussardo Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italie Le 25 mai 1978, Bruno Touschek, « centre directions opposés,AdA a montré les perspectives européen » de naissance et Italien d’adoption, de recherche que l’utilisation des faisceaux de nous quittait prématurément. Il fut une des particules en collision ouvraient pour la com- personnalités les plus originales et brillantes de préhension des lois fondamentales de la matière la physique européenne des cinquante dernières et de l’antimatière.AdA fut suivi de Adone, une années. Il impressionnait par l’originalité et la machine également construite à Frascati, puis de clarté cartésienne de ses idées, son intelligence, nombreuses autres machines similaires en la complexité « centre européenne » de sa culture, France, en Allemagne, en Russie, au Japon et l’autorité de son savoir et son enthousiasme. Ces aux États-Unis. D’une machine à l’autre, les traits étaient enrichis par un sens aigu de l’humour dimensions augmentaient, et l’énergie augmentait et une habileté hors du commun à caricaturer le aussi. Les découvertes réalisées avec ces machines milieu humain et les coutumes, comme en ont changé le cours de la physique des particules témoignent ses dessins. élémentaires, en conduisant à l’identification des quarks à l’intérieur des neutrons et protons. Mais qui était Bruno Touschek ? D’où venait son charme humain et intellectuel ? Bruno Touschek, Né de mère juive à Vienne en 1921,Bruno un des grands physiciens Touschek fut victime en 1940 de la persécution e raciale.