Jewels of the Arctic
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Landform Studies in Mosedale, Northeastern Lake District: Opportunities for Field Investigations
Field Studies, 10, (2002) 177 - 206 LANDFORM STUDIES IN MOSEDALE, NORTHEASTERN LAKE DISTRICT: OPPORTUNITIES FOR FIELD INVESTIGATIONS RICHARD CLARK Parcey House, Hartsop, Penrith, Cumbria CA11 0NZ AND PETER WILSON School of Environmental Studies, University of Ulster at Coleraine, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT Mosedale is part of the valley of the River Caldew in the Skiddaw upland of the northeastern Lake District. It possesses a diverse, interesting and problematic assemblage of landforms and is convenient to Blencathra Field Centre. The landforms result from glacial, periglacial, fluvial and hillslopes processes and, although some of them have been described previously, others have not. Landforms of one time and environment occur adjacent to those of another. The area is a valuable locality for the field teaching and evaluation of upland geomorphology. In this paper, something of the variety of landforms, materials and processes is outlined for each district in turn. That is followed by suggestions for further enquiry about landform development in time and place. Some questions are posed. These should not be thought of as being the only relevant ones that might be asked about the area: they are intended to help set enquiry off. Mosedale offers a challenge to students at all levels and its landforms demonstrate a complexity that is rarely presented in the textbooks. INTRODUCTION Upland areas attract research and teaching in both earth and life sciences. In part, that is for the pleasure in being there and, substantially, for relative freedom of access to such features as landforms, outcrops and habitats, especially in comparison with intensively occupied lowland areas. -
2480 ± 90 +1850 8570 NPL-72. Mockerkin Tarn, West Cumberland
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 8, 1966, P. 340-347] NATIONAL PHYSICAL LABORATORY RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IV I. HASSALL W. J. CALLOW, M. J. BAKER and GERALDINE National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, England The following list comprises measurements made since those re- ported in NPL III and is complete to the end of November 1965. Ages are relative to A.D. 1950 and are calculated using a half-life of 5568 yr. The measurements, corrected for fractionation (quoted 6013 values are relative to the P.D.B. standard), are referred to 0.950 times the activity of the NBS oxalic acid as contemporary reference standard. The quoted uncertainty is one standard deviation derived from a proper combination of the parameter variances as described in detail in NPL III. These variances are those of the standard and background measure- ments over a rolling twenty week period, of the sample C14 and 8013 measurements and of the de Vries effect (assumed to add an additional uncertainty equivalent to a standard deviation of 80 yr). Any uncertainty in the half-life has been excluded so that relative C14 ages may be cor- rectly compared. Absolute age assessments, however, should be made using the accepted best value for the half-life and the appropriate un- certainty then included. If the net sample count rate is less than 4 times the standard error of the difference between the sample and background count rates, a lower limit to the age is reported corresponding to a net sample count rate of 4 times the standard error of this difference. The description of each sample is based on information provided by the person submitting the sample to the laboratory. -
Glacier Lake, Saddle, & Blue Ice Trails
Guide to Glacier Lake, Saddle, & Blue Ice Trails in Kachemak Bay State Park Trail Access: Glacier Spit, Saddle, or Humpy Creek Grewingk Tram Spur (1 mile, easy) Allowable Uses: Hiking This spur connects Glacier Distance: 3.2 mi one-way (Glacier Lake Trail) Lake Trail and Emerald Lake Loop Trail. There is a hand- 1.0 mi one way (Saddle Trail) operated cable car pulley 6.7 mi one-way (Glacier Spit to Blue Ice Trail end) system over Grewingk Elevation Gain: 200 ft (Glacier Lake Trail) Creek. Operation requires 200 ft (Glacier Lake to Saddle Trailhead) two people. Maximum capacity of the tram is 500 500 ft (Glacier Spit to Blue Ice Trail end) pounds. If only two people are crossing the Difficulty: Easy; family suitable (Glacier Lake Trail) tram, one person should stay behind and assist in Camping: Moderate (Saddle Trail) pulling the other across. Two people in the tram cart without assistance from others on the plat- Glacier Spit, Grewingk Glacier Lake, Grewingk Creek, Moderate (Blue Ice Trail) form is difficult. Gloves are helpful in operating Tarn Lake, Humpy Creek, Right Beach (accessible at Hiking Time: 1.5 hours (to end Glacier Lake Trail) low tide from Glacier Spit) the tram. 30 minutes (Saddle Trail) Water Availability: 5 hours (Glacier Spit to Blue Ice Trail end) Glacier Lake & Saddle Trails: Grewingk Creek (glacial), Grewingk Glacier Lake A Popular route joins the Saddle and Glacier Lake (glacial), small streams near glacier and on Saddle Tr. Blue Ice Trail: Trails. The Glacier Lake Trail follows flat terrain Safety and Considerations: This is the only developed access to Grewingk through stands of cottonwoods & spruce, and CAUTION: Unless properly trained and outfitted for Glacier. -
Natural Resources in the Nanortalik District
National Environmental Research Institute Ministry of the Environment Natural resources in the Nanortalik district An interview study on fishing, hunting and tourism in the area around the Nalunaq gold project NERI Technical Report No. 384 National Environmental Research Institute Ministry of the Environment Natural resources in the Nanortalik district An interview study on fishing, hunting and tourism in the area around the Nalunaq gold project NERI Technical Report No. 384 2001 Christain M. Glahder Department of Arctic Environment Data sheet Title: Natural resources in the Nanortalik district Subtitle: An interview study on fishing, hunting and tourism in the area around the Nalunaq gold project. Arktisk Miljø – Arctic Environment. Author: Christian M. Glahder Department: Department of Arctic Environment Serial title and no.: NERI Technical Report No. 384 Publisher: Ministry of Environment National Environmental Research Institute URL: http://www.dmu.dk Date of publication: December 2001 Referee: Peter Aastrup Greenlandic summary: Hans Kristian Olsen Photos & Figures: Christian M. Glahder Please cite as: Glahder, C. M. 2001. Natural resources in the Nanortalik district. An interview study on fishing, hunting and tourism in the area around the Nalunaq gold project. Na- tional Environmental Research Institute, Technical Report No. 384: 81 pp. Reproduction is permitted, provided the source is explicitly acknowledged. Abstract: The interview study was performed in the Nanortalik municipality, South Green- land, during March-April 2001. It is a part of an environmental baseline study done in relation to the Nalunaq gold project. 23 fishermen, hunters and others gave infor- mation on 11 fish species, Snow crap, Deep-sea prawn, five seal species, Polar bear, Minke whale and two bird species; moreover on gathering of mussels, seaweed etc., sheep farms, tourist localities and areas for recreation. -
Obituary.Pdf
The Polar Record, Vol 16, No 100,1972, p 107-111 107 Printed in Great Britain OBITUARY ROLAND ERNEST BESCHEL, a pioneer in lichenometry, died on 22 January 1971. He was born in Salzburg on 9 August 1928 and obtained a D Phil in 1950 from the University of Innsbruck with a thesis on urban lichens and their growth. In 1955, he left a professorship at Rosenburg College in Switzerland for a position at Mount Allison University in New Brunswick. In 1959, he joined the biology department of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and was at his death Professor of Biology and Director of the Fowler Herbarium. He became a Canadian citizen in 1965. His fieldwork took Hm to west Greenland, to many parts of northern Canada, and to parts of the Soviet Arctic seldom, if ever, visited by westerners. His research interests were directed mainly to botanical approaches to climate and chronology, chiefly by means of dating rock surfaces. Recently he had become deeply interested in the application of computers to geobotanical problems. Lt-Col FREDERICK SPENCER CHAPMAN, DSO and bar. TD, MA. author, explorer, mountaineer, and schoolmaster, was found dead on 8 August 1971 at Wantage Hall, University of Reading. He left a wife and three sons. He was born on 10 May 1907 and spent his boyhood near the Lake District, where he early acquired a deep love of the countryside and of nature. After school at Sedbergh, he went to St John's College, Cambridge, took an honours degree in English and history, and, through friendship with Geoffrey Winthrop Young, was introduced to the world of mountaineering. -
1. Philippe D'auvergne's Glacier Amsterdamøya, Smeerenburg View
1. Philippe d’Auvergne’s Glacier Amsterdamøya, Smeerenburg View east across Smeerenburgfjorden from Smeerenburgsletta. Inserted historical images from left to right, top: 1693 version of Jan Jansz map of “Hollantsche Bay” as published by Hendrick Donker in his De nieuwe geoctroyeerde verbeterde en vermeerdede stuurmans zee-spiegel: T Eerste en tweede deel Van de Nieuwe Stu- urmans Zee-Spiegel. Verlichtende de Noordsche, Ostersche, en Westersche Ship- Vaert, Amsterdam (courtesy, National Library, Portugal). Jan Jan- sz, 1651, “De Hollantsche ofte Mourits-Bay” engraved map published in De Lichtende Columne ofte Zee-Spiegel by Jan Jansz, Amsterdam, 1651 (this version from Wieder 1919). This is the first printed local map of the whaling area in northwest Spitsbergen. To identify the plate of the 1651 version of this map number 22 1/2 is printed in the lower right corner. It also seems to be the first map where two glaciers are each marked as “ysbergh”. Judging from their positions it is most likely todays Kenne- dybreen (left) and Frambreen. Pieter Goos, 1657, “Spitzberga” in De Lichtende Co- lumne ofte Zee-Spiegel originally published by Jan Jansz, Amsterdam, 1651 (cour- tesy, National Library, Spain). Below from left to right: John Clevely’s 1774 ver- sion of “View of an iceberg” in Spitsbergen (courtesy, British Museum). Clevely’s version of the glacier is based on a sketch by Philippe d’Auvergne. The chart of the area made by Constantine Phipps in 1773 and W. Byrne’s print of the “View of an iceberg” based on the sketch by Philippe d’Auvergne as published in 1774 in A voy- age towards the North Pole, undertaken by His Majesty’s Command 1773 by Constantine John Phipps. -
Denmark/Greenland National Report to the Ozone Secretariat, UNEP, For
Denmark/Greenland National report to the Ozone Secretariat, UNEP, for the 11th WMO/UNEP Ozone Research Managers Meeting April 2020, Geneva, Switzerland Compiled by Nis Jepsen, DMI 1. OBSERVATIONAL ACTIVITIES Total ozone is monitored at one site in Denmark by DMI (Danish Meteorological Institute) and at two sites in Greenland. The Greenland ozone monitoring is funded by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. The two sites in Greenland are situated in Kangerlussuaq (Sondre Stromfjord, 67N, 51W) and Ittoqqortoormiit (Scoresbysund, 70N, 22W). The site in Demark is in Copenhagen at DMI (55N, 12E). The instrumentation in Kangerlussuaq consists of two Brewer spectrometers (#053 and #202), a Saoz spectrometer and an Aeronet Sun Photometer (NASA). Every 2 years Brewer #202 is participating in a comparison campaign in Spain, led by AEMET. On this campaign the ozone and uv performance is checked and corrected if necessary. Brewer #053 is corrected according to this. The Saoz spectrometer is owned by DMI but all data handling is taken care of by LATMOS (France). The instrumentation in Ittoqqortoormiit consists of an ozone sounding station (currently using Vaisala radiosondes and EnSci ozonesondes). A broadband UV instrument (GUV2511) is also situated here along with a Aeronet Sun Photometer (NASA). Also a Saoz spectrometer owned by LATMOS is situated here. Ozone soundings take place once a week all year. In case of a depletion event more soundings may be performed. The instrumentation in Copenhagen consists of two Brewer spectrometers (#082 and #228) and a YES UVI instrument. As for Brewer #202 Brewer #228 also participates in the comparison campaign every two years. -
Iron and Manganese Speciation and Cycling in Glacially Influenced High-Latitude Fjord Sediments
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 141 (2014) 628–655 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca Iron and manganese speciation and cycling in glacially influenced high-latitude fjord sediments (West Spitsbergen, Svalbard): Evidence for a benthic recycling-transport mechanism Laura M. Wehrmann a,b,⇑, Michael J. Formolo b,1, Jeremy D. Owens a,2, Robert Raiswell c, Timothy G. Ferdelman b, Natascha Riedinger a, Timothy W. Lyons a a Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA b Biogeochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany c School of Earth and Environment, Leeds University, Leeds, UK Received 16 August 2013; accepted in revised form 9 June 2014; available online 20 June 2014 Abstract Glacial environments may provide an important but poorly constrained source of potentially bioavailable iron and man- ganese phases to the coastal ocean in high-latitude regions. Little is known about the fate and biogeochemical cycling of gla- cially derived iron and manganese in the coastal marine realm. Sediment and porewater samples were collected along transects from the fjord mouths to the tidewater glaciers at the fjord heads in Smeerenburgfjorden, Kongsfjorden, and Van Keulen- fjorden along Western Svalbard. Solid-phase iron and manganese speciation, determined by sequential chemical extraction, could be linked to the compositions of the local bedrock and hydrological/weathering conditions below the local glaciers. The concentration and sulfur isotope composition of chromium reducible sulfur (CRS) in Kongs- and Van Keulenfjorden sedi- ments largely reflect the delivery rate and isotope composition of detrital pyrite originating from adjacent glaciers. -
Greenland - DMI Historical Climate Data Collection 1784-2019
DMI Report 20-04 Greenland - DMI Historical Climate Data Collection 1784-2019 John Cappelen (ed) Copenhagen 2020 https://www.dmi.dk/publikationer/ page 1 of 119 Colophon Serial title: DNI Report 20-04 Title: Greenland - DMI Historical Climate Data Collection 1784-2019 Subtitle: Author(s): John Cappelen (ed) Other contributors: Bo M. Vinther, Claus Kern-Hansen, Ellen Vaarby Laursen og Peter Viskum Jørgensen Responsible institution: Danish Meteorological Institute Language: English Keywords: Greenland, atmospheric pressure obervations, daily, monthly and annual climate data, extremes, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, cloud cover, snow cover, time series from 1784, graphics, weather Url: https://www.dmi.dk/publikationer/ ISSN: 2445-9127 (online) Website: www.dmi.dk Copyright: Danish Meteorological Institute. It is allowed to copy and extract from the publication with a specifi- cation of the source material. Important note: This report is an annual update (2019 data) of the “DMI observational, daily, monthly and annual Greenlandic climate data collection” published for the first time in that form in 1) DMI Technical Report 08-05: DMI Daily Climate Data Collection 1873-2007, Denmark, The Faroe Islands and Greenland - including Air Pressure Observations 1874-2007 (WASA Data Sets). Copenhagen 2008 [8], 2) DMI Technical Report 04-03: DMI Daily Climate Data Collection 1873-2003, Denmark and Greenland. Copenhagen 2004. [25], 3) DMI Monthly Climate Data Collection 1860-2002, Denmark, The Faroe Island and Greenland. An update of: NACD, REWARD, NORDKLIM and NARP datasets, Version 1. DMI Technical Report No. 03-26. Copenhagen 2003. [21], 4) DMI Technical Report 05-06: DMI annual climate data collection 1873-2004, Denmark, The Faroe Islands and Greenland - with Graphics and Danish Abstracts. -
Glacier National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Geologic Resources Division Denver, Colorado Glacier National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Report Glacier National Park Geologic Resource Evaluation Geologic Resources Division Denver, Colorado U.S. Department of the Interior Washington, DC Table of Contents List of Figures .............................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary ...................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 3 Purpose of the Geologic Resource Evaluation Program ............................................................................................3 Geologic Setting .........................................................................................................................................................3 Glacial Setting ............................................................................................................................................................4 Geologic Issues............................................................................................................. 9 Economic Resources..................................................................................................................................................9 Mining Issues..............................................................................................................................................................9 -
Department of the Navy
A Strategic Blueprint for the Arctic the for Blueprint A Strategic DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY DEPARTMENT aBlueArctic aBlueArctic The Los Angeles-class fast-attack surfaces submarine 769) (SSN through Toledo USS the ice as part of Ice Exercise (ICEX) (U.S. Navy 2020. photo by Michelle Lt. Pelissero) [ FOREWORD ] a merica’s interests, stretching from Maine in the North Atlantic across the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait Blue Aand Alaska in the North Pacific to the southern tip of the Aleutian Island chain, are best served by fostering compliance with existing rules to assure a peaceful and prosperous Arctic Region. This forward looking regional blueprint describes how the Department will apply naval power as we continue to prepare for a more navigable Arctic Region over the next two decades. It stresses an approach that integrates American naval power with our joint forces, interagency teammates, allies, and partners to preserve peace and protect this northern maritime crossroads and gateway to our shores. This regional blueprint focuses on coop- Arctic eration, but ensures America is prepared to compete effectively and efficiently to maintain favorable regional balances of power. Our Department Team—Sailors, Marines, and Civilians—has taken steps throughout our history to protect American interests in our northern waters. We will build upon these efforts to maintain enhanced presence, strengthen cooperative partnerships, and build more capable naval forces for the Arctic Region. The time has come to write the next great chapter in the history of our Department, to prepare for an Alaskan Arctic and a Blue Arctic where America’s Navy-Marine Corps team, alongside our allies and partners, will be called to protect our interests and people and ensure this region remains peaceful and prosperous for future generations. -
Shipwreck at Cape Flora: the Expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’S Forgotten Arctic Explorer
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2013 Shipwreck at Cape Flora: The Expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’s Forgotten Arctic Explorer Capelotti, P. J. University of Calgary Press Capelotti, P.J. "Shipwreck at Cape Flora: The Expeditions of Benjamin Leigh Smith, England’s Forgotten Arctic Explorer". Northern Lights Series No. 16. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/49458 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 Unported Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca University of Calgary Press www.uofcpress.com SHIPWRECK AT CAPE FLORA: THE EXPEDITIONS OF BENJAMIN LEIGH SMITH, ENGLAND’S FORGOTTEN ARCTIC EXPLORER P.J. Capelotti ISBN 978-1-55238-712-2 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright.