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Copyrighted Material Index Note: numbers in italics refer to images. archives, 22, 27, 36, 127, 180, 214, 300–1, 350, 374, 377 Abbasid caliphate, 314–15, 317, 323–8, 332–4 Aristotle, 240, 318 Achaemenid empire, 2, 4, 187–204, 305 Artaxerxes III, 202–3 Acts of the Apostles, 276–81, 286 Ashurbanipal, 192–3, 199, 202 Aeschylus, 240 Aśoka, 62, 69–70, 99, 101, 103–6, 108–9 Akhenaten, 127–9 Assyrian, 121, 151, 169–71, 173, 189, Akkadian 193–5, 198–9, 203, 213, 215, 305 history, see Mesopotamian history inscriptions, 195, 198, 203, 215 empire, 144, 150–2, 156–7, 162, 198–9 rulers, see Ashurbanipal language, 156, 159, 162–3, 180, 189 audiences, 223–5, 240, 242, 280, 286, rulers, see Naram-Sin; Sargon 298, 322, 340, 372, 381–2 writing system, see cuneiform broad, 68, 88–90, 102, 148, 182, ‘Ali, 321, 325–6 203–4, 238, 298, 382 Ammisaduqa, 156 elite, 67, 71, 94, 148, 176, 179–80, Anatolia, 1, 169–71, 176, 315, 328–9 238, 300 ancestors, worship of, 23, 27, 156, 193–5, future generations, 23, 26, 119, 145–6, 197, 366 148–51, 153–4, 164, 174, 181, 195, Anishinaabe, 393–4,COPYRIGHTED 398, 404 221–2, MATERIAL 224, 245, 264–5, 340, 354, 394 annals, 20–4, 28–37, 62, 82–3, 120, gods as, 148, 150, 180–1 122–3, 130, 172, 176–7, 179–82, local, 182, 189–91, 203 224, 261, 263, 269, 303, 324, multiple, 83–5 333–4, 349, 377–8, 383–5 scholarly, 83–4, 302–3, 316 Annals of Tudhaliya I, 182 Augustus, 257–60, 268 Apology of Hattusili III, 172, 181–2 authority, creating, 84–5 Arabic language, 314, 322, 324, 329, 334 Ayyubid caliphate, 321, 328, 332–3 Thinking, Recording, and Writing History in the Ancient World, First Edition. Edited by Kurt A. Raaflaub. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 0002029862.INDD 417 10/3/2013 4:45:56 AM 418 INDEX Aztec rulers, see Han Dynasty; Qin Dynasty; history, 373–4 Shang Dynasty; Zhou Dynasty language, see Nahuatl 373–4, 377, 382, 393 writing system, 19, 84, 87–8 rulers, see Itzcoatl; Motecuhzoma II Chronicles, Books of, 218–19 writing system, 372, 374, 376–7, 378–81 chronography, 21, 119–20, 127, 134, 303–4 chronology, Babylon(ian), 153–4, 170–1, 187, 189–97, in historical texts, 21, 66, 69, 80, 151–2, 199–200, 202–4, 216–17, 220, 196, 261, 383–4, 386–7 305; see also Old Babylonian Period lack of, 161–2, 235–7, 239, 241 epics, see The Ballad of Early Heroes systems of, 66, 69–70, 72, 83–4, 119, history, see Mesopotamian history 131, 151–2, 261, 276, 301, 317, language, see Akkadian 378; see also calendar, Aztec; rulers, see Ammisaduqa; Hammurabi; calendar, Chinese; calendar, Mayan Nabonidus; Nebuchadnezzar; Cicero, 2, 263, 266–7 Samsuiluna Claudius, 260, 265, 270 writing system, see cuneiform Codex Mendoza, 376, 379, 380, 384 Bacchylides, 244 Codex Mexicanus, 383, 386 The Ballad of Early Heroes, 165 conceptions of history Ban Biao, 22, 27–8 Aztec, 372–8, 381–8 Ban Gu, 20–3, 28 Buddhist, 97–110 Bible, Hebrew, 2, 4, 9, 213–29; see also Byzantine, 297–308 Chronicles, Books of; Deuteronomy; Chinese, 19–37 Esther; Exodus; Ezra; Genesis; Isaiah; Christian, early, 276–87 Joshua; Judges; Kings, Books of; Egyptian, 122–35, 189 Psalms; Ruth; Samuel, Books of Greek, 234–46 biography, 62, 71, 100–1, 261, 265–6, Hittite, 171–83 269, 282, 301, 322, 326, 329, 331–4, Indian, 41–55, 61–75, 97–110 352–7 Islamic, 314–35 al-Biruni, 74–5, 317 Israelite, 213–29 Bisitun inscription, 195–200, 202–4 Jain, 97–100, 107–10 Bra‐hmaṇas, 43–4, 47, 49, 64–5, 67–70, 75 Japanese, 79–95 Brahmins, 43–4, 47–9, 52–5, 99, 104 Maya, 340–1, 346–66 Buddhism, 43–4, 62, 67, 69–70, 75, 93, Mesopotamian, 144–65, 177, 182, 97–110 189–93, 203–4 bureaucracy, 23 Native American, 393–413 Buyid caliphate, 319, 321, 328, 332 Persian, 187–9, 323–4 Roman, 256–70 Cahokia, 396–7, 399–401, 406, 411–12 Confucius and Confucians, 20–1, 24–8, 30–6 calendars Constantine, 3, 276, 287, 298 Aztec, 377–9, 383–7 Constantine VII, 303 Chinese, 27, 30–1 Constantinople, 298, 301–2, 305, 307 Mayan, 341–6, 350, 360 contingency, 8, 50, 55, 98, 228, 236–7, caliphate, 321, 323–6, 328, 334 239–41, 245–6 Cambyses, 187, 189, 191, 193–4, 196–7 continuity between past and present, 22–3, Cassius Dio, 259 90–1, 132, 173, 202, 284, 321 Cato the Elder, 260–4 1 Corinthians, 282–6 Chimalpahin, 375 2 Corinthians, 278 Chinese Corn Mother, 391, 397–402, 404–13 history, 19–20 figurines, 399–402, 400–1, 405–6 inscriptions, 19–20, 23 narratives, 397–9, 405–12 language, 24, 27, 79, 82, 84, 87–8, 92, Correspondence of the Kings of Ur, 155, 101, 105 158–60 0002029862.INDD 418 10/3/2013 4:45:56 AM INDEX 419 cuneiform, 145–6, 162, 173–4, 182, 189, Firishtah, 75 192–3, 195, 214, 223 Fronto, 259–60 Curse of Agade, 155–8, 164 Cyrus, 187, 189–94, 196, 202 Galatians, 277 Cyrus Cylinder, 189–94, 200 Gebel el-Silsila, 124–6, 125–6 genealogies, 217–18 damnatio memoriae, 120, 361, 365 establish legitimacy, 68, 71, 90, 191, Darius I, 187, 193–202, 204 235–6, 258, 357, 365, 384–5 David, 218–20, 223, 227, 229 historical texts, included in, 23, 73, 81, Death of Gilgamesh, 158, 161, 163 86, 90, 191, 193–5, 197, 202, Death of Ur-Namma, 155, 158, 161, 163 257–8, 346, 350, 357, 365, 384–5 Deeds of Suppiluliuma, 130, 172–3, 176–8, Genesis, 214, 216–18, 220–2 180–2 genre, 3–4, 63, 99–103, 123, 133–5, 153, Demosthenes, 242, 300 163, 172–3, 182, 188, 235, 238, Deuteronomy, 215, 225–6 242, 244, 246, 263, 269, 282, 286, dharma, 45, 51, 97–8, 101–5, 108–10 329, 331, 365; see also annals; dharmacakra, 64, 97–9, 101, 105, 108–9 biography; chronography; itiha‐sa; divination, 19, 23–4, 135, 171–2 history, contemporary; history, local; Dos Pilas, 342, 355–6 history, military; history, universal; stairway text, 356 prosopography; pura‐ṇas drama, 119, 123, 239–41 Gilgamesh, see Death of Gilgamesh; Durán, Diego, 375, 382 Epic of Gilgamesh; Gilgamesh and Huwawa Eanatum, see Stele of the Vultures Gilgamesh and Huwawa, 161 Egypt(ian), 1–2, 8, 117–35, 146, 170–2, Great Law of Peace, 395–6, 406–7, 412 176, 178, 189, 196, 204, 214, 221–2, Great Law narrative, 395–6 224–5, 314–15, 317, 319, 328, 332 Great Papyrus Harris, 129, 133 history, 127–9, 131 Greek language, 134, 177 inscriptions, 243 rulers, see Akhenaten; Hatshepsut; language, 204, 262, 297, 299, 301, 324 Horemheb; Thutmose III poetry, see Hesiod; Homer; Mimnermus; writing system, see hieroglyphics, Egyptian Simonides; Tyrtaeus Elegy on the Death of Naram-Sin, 163 Gregory of Nazianzus, 300, 307 Epic of Gilgamesh, 214 Gupta Empire, 62, 68–9 epic, 2, 44–50, 53–4, 67–9, 74, 119, 121, Gutians, 157–8, 190 134, 147, 161, 214, 236–40, 243–5; see also The Death of Gilgamesh; Epic hadith, 319–21, 324, 326 of Gilgamesh; Gilgamesh and hagiography, 69, 97, 100–2, 106, 109–10 Huwawa; Hesiod; Homer; Hammurabi, 144, 153–4, 170, 199 Maha‐bha‐rata; Ra‐ma‐yanạ Han Dynasty, 20 Esther, 222, 226 Han Historical Records (Hanshu), 20–3, 28 Euripides, 240 Hatshepsut, 129 Eusebius, 276, 287, 302 Hattusa, 170, 174, 177–8, 183 exegesis, 21, 23–4, 70, 84 Hattusili I, 170, 172, 176–7, 180, 182–3 exemplarity, 26 Hattusili III, 170–2, 181–2 Exodus, 221–2, 225, 228 Haudenosaunee, 394–8, 402, 404–7, Extensive Annals, 130, 172, 176–7, 180–1 410, 412 Ezra, 218, 223 Hebrew, 220–1, 223 Hegel, Georg, 7, 12–13, 64 Fatimid caliphate, 317, 319, 321, 328 Heidegger, Martin, 10–11, 16 festival, history as, 117, 121–4, 126–8, Herodotus, 41, 120, 188, 204, 214, 216, 130, 132–3 234–5, 244–6, 263, 300 0002029862.INDD 419 10/3/2013 4:45:57 AM 420 INDEX Hesiod, 237–8, 246 focus on decline, 22–3, 66, 73, 93, 98, Hiawatha Belt, 395–6, 396 105, 236–8, 267–9, 325 hieroglyphics as historical sources, 30, 36–7, 42, 51–2, Aztec, 378–9 74, 80, 120, 145, 156, 158–9, 172, Egyptian, 146, 214 188, 226–7, 347 Luwian, 182 Hittite, see Annals of Tudhaliya I; Mayan, 340–1, 343–7, 349, 351, 356, Apology of Hattusili III; Deeds of 359, 363–4 Suppiluliuma; Extensive Annals; Historia ecclesiastica, see Eusebius Plague Prayers; Proclamation of historians Telipinu; Ten-Year Annals Aztec, see Chimalpahin Indians, 41–55, 62–75, 97–110; see also Chinese, see Ban Biao; Ban Gu; Sima Qian itiha‐sa; pura‐ṇas Byzantine, see John of Damascus; influenced by Manasses, Konstantinos; Psellos, contemporary society, 28, 42, 63, Michael; Skylitzes, Ioannes; Synkellos, 94–5, 103, 200, 214, 225–6, 261, George; Theophanes the Confessor 269, 316 Christian, see Eusebius; Origen foreign cultures, 2, 4, 79, 82–5, 91, Greek, see Herodotus; Polybius; 103, 177, 182, 189–93, 199, Thucydides; Xenophon 203–4, 214, 261–4, 267, 269, Hittite, see Hattusili I; Hattusili III; 323–4, 373–6, 378, 388, 397–9 Mursili II; Telipinu other genres, 33, 267; see also epic; Roman, see Cato the Elder; Cassius Dio; oratory; philosophy; poetry Fronto; Livy; Orosius; Sallust; Islamic, see al-Biruni; al-Isfahani; Ibn Suetonius; Tacitus al-Kalbi; Ibn Khayyat; Mamluk historical texts dynasty; al-Tabari; al-Ya‘qubi; Akkadian, see Babylonian historical texts al-Zubayri Aztec, 374–8, 381–8; see also Codex Israelite, see Bible, Hebrew; Chronicles, Mendoza; Codex Mexicanus; Tira de Books of; Deuteronomy; Esther; Tepechpan; Tlaxcala Lienzo Exodus; Ezra; Genesis; Isaiah; Babylonian, 134, 190, 199, 203; see also Joshua; Judges; Kings, Books of; Cyrus Cylinder; Elegy on the Death of Psalms; Ruth; Samuel, Books of Naram-Sin; Naram-Sin and the Enemy Japanese, see Kojiki; Nihon shoki Hordes; Sumerian Sargon Legend lack of, 41–2, 63–4, 132, 145 centralized control of, 36, 80–2, 86–9, loss of, 349–51, 365 94–5, 121–4, 148–54, 171–81, Maya, 340–1, 347–66; see also Dos Pilas 189–202, 347–8, 365–6, 372, 374, stairway text; Palenque Temple XXI; 376–7, 382–3 Piedras Negras stelae; Tikal stele 31 Chinese, see Ban Biao;
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