Weekly Epidemiological Record Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire

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Weekly Epidemiological Record Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire Wkly Epldem. Rec. - Relevé épldém. hebd.i 1978» 53» 337-344 N o. 47 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA SANTÉ GENEVA GENÈVB WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD RELEVÉ ÉPIDÉMIOLOGIQUE HEBDOMADAIRE Epidemiological Surveillance of Communicable Diseases Service de la Surveillance épidémiologique des Maladies transmissibles Telegraphic Address: EPIDNATIONS GENEVA Telex 27821 Adresse télégraphique: EPIDNATIONS GENÈVE Télex 27S2I Automatic Telex Reply Servi» Service automatique de réponse Telex 28150 Geneva with ZCZC and ENGL for a reply in English Télex 28150 Genève suivi de ZCZC et ERAN pour une réponse en français 2 4 NOVEMBER 1978 53rd YEAR — 53e ANNÉE 24 NOVEMBRE 1978 MALARIA SURVEILLANCE SURVEILLANCE DU PALUDISME S w it z e r l a n d . — Notification of malaria cases has been com­ Suisse. — La notification des cas de paludisme est obligatoire en pulsory in Switzerland since July 1974. Prior to that date, only the Suisse depuis juillet 1974. Avant cette date, seuls les cas les plus m ost severe cases were reported so that one to 12 cases were notified graves étaient signalés et un à 12 cas étaient ainsi enregistrés annuelle­ annually. Since then, the number of cases reported has increased ment. Depuis lors, on déclare davantage de cas m ais il y a encore de b u t there is still an important degree of underreporting (Table 1 ). nombreuses omissions. (Tableau 1 ). Table 1. Number of Malaria Cases and Deaths due te Malaria Notified in Switzerland from 1974 to 1977 Tableau 1. Cas de paludisme et décès dus au paludisme notifiés en Suisse de 1974 à 1977 Number of Malaria Cases Deaths Attributed to Malaria Year — Année Cas de paliiriigmB Décès attribués au paludisme 1974 ................................................... 37 3 1975 ................................................... 85 2 1976 ................................................... 50 0 1977 ................................................... 48 3 D uring the period 1961 to 1973, the registered malaria mortality De 1961 à 1973, les taux de décès enregistrés ont été supérieurs à rate was over 26 %. Based on the more realistic data collected from 26 %. Sur la base des données plus réalistes recueillies de 1974 à 1976, 1974 to 1976 the mortality rate was 3.5 % (172 cases with five deaths). le taux de mortalité se situe à 3,5 % (cinq décès pour 172 cas). A n analysis o f 207 malaria cases treated in Switzerland between L’analyse des 207 cas de paludisme traités en Suisse de 1974 à 1974 and 1976 indicates that 87,4% of the patients were Swiss 1976 montre que 87,4% des malades résidaient en Suisse. L’agent residents. The causative plasmodia were identified in 167 cases; responsable a été identifié dans 167 cas: il s’agissait dans 85 cas de /*. fa lcip a ru m in 85 instances (50.9%, of which 8.4% were mixed P. falciparum (50,9 % dont 8,4 % d’infections mixtes), dans 71 cas de infections), P . vivax in 71 (42.5%, of which 4,8% were mixed). P, P. vivax (42,5% dont 4,8% mixtes), dans un seul cas de P . ovale o v a le was seen only once (0.6 %) and P. malarias in ten cases (6.0 %). (0,6 %) et dans dix cas de P. tm larïae (6,0 %). Although the disease occurred in all age groups up to 72 years of Si la maladie a sévi dans tous les groupes d’âge jusqu’à 72 ans, age, 45 % of the cases were found in those 21 to 30 years. Tourists 45% des malades avaient entre 21 et 30 ans. Les touristes repré­ represented 52.3 % of the cases, Swiss Aid workers 17.6 %, business­ sentent 52,3% des cas, les agents de Swiss Aid 17,6%, les hommes m en 10.1 % and the balance was made up by personnel of air com­ d ’affaires 10,1 %, le reste étant constitué par le personnel des compa­ panies, naval staff, sporting teams, etc. The shortest stay in an gnies d’aviation, les marins, les équipes sportives, etc. Le plus court endemic area resulting in an overt infection was four hours in an séjour dans une zone endémique ayant entraîné une infection carac­ African airport. térisée a été de quatre heures dans un aéroport africain. In exceptional circumstances, infections originated in Switzerland. Exceptionnellement, l’infection se produit en Suisse. Un paludisme Induced falciparum malaria was reported among heroin addicts who à falciparum provoqué a été observé chez des héroïnomanes ayant used contaminated needles and P. vivax has occasionally been trans­ utilisé des aiguilles contaminées et P. vivax a parfois été transmis au mitted by blood transfusion. cours d'une transfusion sanguine. Transmission by infected anophélmes has occurred in Switzerland. La transmission par des anophèles infectés n’est pas inconnue en Two military recruits who had never visited malaria endemic areas Suisse. Deux jeunes soldats qui n’avaient jamais séjourné dans une were stationed close to the Zürich international airport in August zone impaludée se trouvaient postés le 10 août 1970 près de l’aéro­ 1970. Following an episode of fever, malaise and headache with port international de Zurich. Après un épisode fébrile avec malaises, hepato-splenomegaly, P. falciparum was found in their peripheral maux de tête et une hépatosplénomégalie, P. falciparum a été isolé blood on the seventh day of hospitalization. It is likely that the dan» leur sang périphérique le septième jour de l’hospitalisation. Il two soldiers were bitten on the same night by the same infected est probable que ces deux soldats ont été piqués la même nuit par un anopheline. A third autochthonous case of P. falciparum was même anophèle infecté. Un troisième cas autochtone d’infection par Informations épidémiologiques contenues dens ce numéro: Epidemiological notes contained in this number: Echovirus type 11, encéphalite japonaise B, surveillance de la Dengue Fever Surveillance, Echovirus Type 11, Japanese B dengue, surveillance de la fièvre hémorragique virale, surveil­ Encephalitis, Malaria Surveillance, Surveillance of Legion­ lance de la maladie de VAmerican Legion, surveillance du naires’ Disease, Surveillance of Viral Haemorrhagic Fever. paludisme. List of Infected Areas, p. 343. Liste des zones infectées, p. 343. ____________ W kly Epidem. Rec.: N o. 47 - 24 Nov. 1978 — 338 — Relevé épidem. hebd.: N“ 47 - 24 nov. 1978 reported in August 1972. A case of P. malarias occurred in a 60-year P. falciparum a été signalé en août 1972. Par ailleurs, une femme de old woman who had never visited endemic areas. She also lived 60 ans qui ne s’était jamais rendue dans une zone d’endémicité mais close to the Zurich international airport. qui habite aussi près de l’aéroport international de Zurich a été infectée par P. malariae. Two possible explanations of such cases are: Il existe deux explications possibles: 0) The transport by air of anophelines, especially if infected with P. i) Des anophèles provenant de zones d'endémicité et infectés, no­ falciparum, from endemic areas, which may bite people in the tamment par P. falciparum, sont transportés par air et peuvent immediate surroundings of the airport. Aircraft coming from piquer des personnes se trouvant aux abords immédiats des aéro­ tropical areas have been reported to have carried large numbers ports. On a en effet signalé de nombreux moustiques dans des of mosquitos and autochthonous cases of falciparum malaria aéronefs venus de zones tropicales et il y a eu des cas autochtones have occurred in the vicinity of international airports in Europe. de paludisme à P. falciparum à proximité d ’aéroports interna­ tionaux d’Europe. (ii) Breeding places of Anopheles maculipennis can be found in ii) Il existe en Suisse des gîtes larvaires d ’Anopheles maculipennis, Switzerland, including the vicinity of the international airports of y compris aux environs des aéroports internationaux de Zurich et Zurich and Basle-Mulhouse. Although the risk is considered to Bâle-Mulhouse. Le risque est jugé négligeable mais ces anophèles be negligible, these anophelines could possibly become infected pourraient être infectés par P. vivax et P. malariae s ’ils piquaient with P. vivax and P. malariae, should they feed on gametocyte des porteurs de gamétocytes. carriers. Most of the imported cases occurred among persons who did not La plupart (tes cas importés concernent des personnes ayant take prophylactic drugs or who took inadequate quantities. It is négligé la chimioprophylaxie ou pris des doses insuffisantes. Toute­ stated however that recommended doses of chloroquine were fois, on a signalé que les doses recommandées de chloroquine avaient effectively taken in 26 out of 174 cases, including four P. falciparum été effectivement prises dans 26 cas sur 174, dont quatre cas d’infec­ infections of African origin. In order to avoid such breakthroughs, tion par P. falciparum d’origine africaine. Pour éviter de telles either the duration of the prophylaxis should be prolonged for a poussées épidémiques, il faudrait soit prolonger le traitement pro­ period of up to six or eight weeks after return or a full presumptive phylactique pendant les six à huit semaines qui suivent le retour, soit radical treatment of P. falciparum given. Obviously, 4-amino- administrer un traitement présomptif radical et complet contre quinolines are not indicated in areas where resistance of P. falciparum P. falciparum. Il va de soi que les amino-4 quinoléines ne sont pas to these compounds has been reported and the combination of indiqués dans les zones où a été signalée une résistance à P . falci­ sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine (Fansidar) taken once weekly, is an parum â ces composés et l’administration d ’une dose hebdomadaire alternative chemoprophylaxis. de sulfadoxine associée à de la pyriméthamine (Fansidar) constitue une chimioprophylaxie de rechange. (Based on/D’après: Report om the University o f Basle.) References to aspects of this note may be obtained from the Des références concernant certains passages de la présente note Division of Malaria and Parasitic Diseases, WHO, Geneva.
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