Lokaverkefni Til BA-Gráðu Áhrif Fíkniefnanotkunar Í Rapptónlist Á

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Lokaverkefni Til BA-Gráðu Áhrif Fíkniefnanotkunar Í Rapptónlist Á Lokaverkefni til BA-gráðu í félagsfræði Áhrif fíkniefnanotkunar í rapptónlist á ungmenni Hrafnkatla Ingólfsdóttir Leiðbeinandi: Arnar Eggert Thoroddsen Júní 2021 Áhrif fíkniefnanotkunar í rapptónlist á ungmenni Hrafnkatla Ingólfsdóttir Lokaverkefni til BA–gráðu félagsfræði Leiðbeinandi: Arnar Eggert Thoroddsen 12 einingar Félagsfræði–, mannfræði– og þjóðfræðideild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands Júní, 2021 Áhrif fíkniefnanotkunar í rapptónlist á ungmenni Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til BA-gráðu í félagsfræði og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Hrafnkatla Ingólfsdóttir, 2021 Prentun: Háskólaprent Reykjavík, Ísland, 2021 Útdráttur Notkun fíkniefna hefur löngum verið hluti af menningu rappsins en í vinsælum rapplögum má heyra hvernig fíkniefni og notkun þeirra er upphafin. Vinsældir rapptónlistarinnar hafa aukist verulega síðastliðin ár, einkum meðal ungmenna. Að mati margra er það mikið áhyggjuefni þar sem talið er að fíkniefnanotkun í rapptónlist kunni að hafa verulega slæm áhrif á unga hlustendur. Í þessari ritgerð verður samband rapptónlistar og fíkniefnanotkunar ungmenna skoðað með það að markmiði að kanna hvort upphafning fíkniefna í rapptónlist ýti undir notkun fíkniefna meðal ungmenna. Leitast verður við að svara spurningunni: ,,Hefur fíkniefnanotkun í rapptónlist áhrif á fíkniefnanotkun ungmenna?” og verður sjónum sérstaklega beint að misnotkun lyfseðilsskyldra lyfja, en síðastliðinn áratug hefur misnotkun ópíóíða aukist verulega, bæði meðal almennings og í menningu rappsins. Til að varpa ljósi á þau áhrif sem rapptónlistin hefur á ungmenni verður stuðst við fyrri rannsóknir um efnið sem sýna að aukið samneyti við rapptónlist eykur líkurnar á því að verða fyrir áhrifum hennar. Einnig verða settar fram fjórar kenningar sem skýra samband dægurmiðla og áhorfenda, þ.e. ræktunarkenningin (e. cultivation theory), dagskráráhrifin (e. agenda setting), fjölmiðlaneyslulíkanið (e. media practice model) og félagsnámskenningin (e. social learning theory). Niðurstöður benda til þess að fíkniefnanotkun í rapptónlist getur haft áhrif á ungmenni, en aðeins þau ungmenni sem hlusta á rapptónlist, eru rappaðdáendur og eiga sér fyrirmyndir úr menningu rappsins. 4 Formáli Ritgerð þessi er 12 eininga (ECTS) lokaverkefni til BA-gráðu í félagsfræði 120 einingar (ECTS) með fjölmiðlafræði sem aukagrein 60 einingar (ECTS). Ritgerðin er skrifuð undir leiðsögn Arnars Eggerts Thoroddsen. Honum vil ég þakka fyrir góðar ráðleggingar varðandi ritgerðarskrif, ekki aðeins við gerð þessarar ritgerðar heldur einnig í gegnum allt námið. Hávari Sigurjónssyni vil ég þakka fyrir yfirlestur. Kærasta mínum, Magnúsi Hlíðdal Magnússyni, vil ég þakka fyrir góðar ábendingar varðandi rapptónlist og fyrir að hvetja mig áfram í gegnum ritgerðarskrifin. Fjölskyldan mín fær einnig hjartans þakkir fyrir ómetanlegan stuðning og þolinmæði í gegnum námið. 5 Efnisyfirlit Útdráttur ..................................................................................................................... 4 Formáli ........................................................................................................................ 5 Efnisyfirlit .................................................................................................................... 6 1 Inngangur ............................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Uppbygging ritgerðar ......................................................................................... 8 2 Fíkniefnavandinn .................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Skilgreining ........................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Umfang og afleiðingar fíknivandans .................................................................. 9 2.3 Orsök fíknivandans .......................................................................................... 11 3 Rapptónlist og fíkniefnaneysla .............................................................................. 13 3.1 Fíkniefnanotkun í rapptónlist .......................................................................... 13 3.2 Notkun lyfseðilsskyldra lyfja í rapptónlist ........................................................ 16 4 Fyrri rannsóknir .................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Áhrif rapptónlistar á ungmenni ....................................................................... 19 4.2 Áhrif rapptónlistar á áfengis- og tóbaksnotkun ............................................... 20 4.3 Áhrif rapptónlistar á fíkniefnanotkun .............................................................. 22 5 Áhrif fíkniefnanotkunar í rapptónlist á hlustendur ................................................ 24 5.1 Samband rapptónlistar og hlustenda .............................................................. 24 5.2 Ræktunarkenningin ......................................................................................... 25 5.3 Dagskráráhrifin ................................................................................................ 26 5.4 Fjölmiðlaneyslulíkanið ..................................................................................... 28 5.5 Félagsnámskenningin ...................................................................................... 29 6 Niðurstöður .......................................................................................................... 31 7 Lokaorð ................................................................................................................ 33 Heimildaskrá ............................................................................................................. 34 6 1 Inngangur Síðustu áratugi hafa vinsældir rapptónlistarinnar farið sívaxandi og er tónlistin talin vera ein sú vinsælasta í dag, einkum meðal ungmenna (Peteet o.fl., 2020; Diamond, Bermudez, Schensul, 2006). Tónlist spilar stórt hlutverk í lífi margra og getur haft mikil áhrif á félagsmótun einstaklinga. Vinsæl dægurtónlist hefur í gegnum tíðina haft mikil áhrif á ungmenni og er rapptónlistin engin undantekning en sjá má áhrif hennar í t.d. klæðaburði og talsmáta unga fólksins sem endurspeglast af menningu rappsins (Forman og Neal, 2004; Herd, 2005). Þrátt fyrir miklar vinsældir hefur rapptónlistin verið gagnrýnd fyrir að fjalla mikið um fíkniefni og upphefja neyslu þeirra í vinsælum rapplögum en að mati margra er sú upphafning mikið áhyggjuefni (Harakeh og Ter Bogt, 2018). Margir telja að skilaboðin sem tónlistin sendir hlustendum geti ýtt undir misnotkun fíkniefna meðal ungmenna en fíkniefnavandinn er talinn vera eitt stærsta vandamál vestrænna samfélaga í dag og benda tölur til þess að vandinn er sívaxandi (Diamond o.fl., 2006; Helgi Gunnlaugsson og Rannveig Þórisdóttir, 1999; 2013). Síðastliðin ár hefur misnoktun lyfseðilsskyldra lyfja, þá einkum ópíatalyfja, aukist verulega og hefur ástandinu verið líkt við faraldur þar sem notkun lyfjanna hefur farið eins og eldur í sinu og dregið fjöldann allan af ungu fólki til dauða (Tettey, Siddiqui, Llamoca, Nagamine og Ahn, 2020). Lyfseðilsskyld lyf hafa einnig verið vinsælir vímugjafar í menningu rappsins og því vaknar upp sú spurning hvort samband sé á milli fíkniefnanotkunar í rapptónlist og fíkniefnanotkunar meðal almennings (Williams, 2020). Í þessari ritgerð verður samband rapptónlistar og hlustenda skoðað. Tilgangur ritgerðarinnar er fyrst og fremst að kanna þau áhrif sem upphafning fíkniefna í rapptónlist hefur á ungmenni en mikilvægt er að greina þau skilaboð sem dægurmiðlar senda frá sér og áhrif þeirra á samfélagið þar sem dægurmenningin er hluti af lífi flestra (Diamond o.fl., 2006). Í þessari ritgerð verður því leitast við að svara eftirfarandi spurningu: ,,Hefur fíkniefnanotkun í rapptónlist áhrif á fíkniefnanotkun ungmenna?” Til að svara þeirri spurningu verður stuðst við fyrri rannsóknir sem skoða áhrif rapptónlistar á ungmenni, en einnig verða settar fram fjórar kenningar til að skýra þau áhrif sem rapptónlistin kann að hafa á fíkniefnanotkun ungmenna. Þær eru ræktunarkenningin (e. cultivation theory), 7 dagskráráhrifin (e. agenda setting), fjölmiðlaneyslulíkanið (e. media practice model) og félagsnámskenningin (e. social learning theory). 1.1 Uppbygging ritgerðar Uppbygging ritgerðarinnar en þannig háttað að í fyrstu verður hugtakið fíkn skilgreint og leitast verður við að draga fram skýra mynd af umfangi og afleiðingum fíknivandans. Þá verður einnig gerð grein fyrir helstu skýringum á orsökum fíknivandans, en með því að draga fram heildstæða mynd af fíknivandanum er hægt að átta sig betur á sambandi fíkniefna við menningu rappsins og þeim áhrifum sem rappið kann að hafa á fíkniefnaneyslu ungmenna. Í öðru lagi verður farið yfir útbreiðslu og umfang rapptónlistarinnar og samband hennar við notkun fíkniefna. Þá verður sjónum sérstaklega beint að notkun lyfseðilsskyldra lyfja í rapptónlist. Í þriðja lagi verða helstu niðurstöður fyrri rannsókna kynntar, en þar sem skortur er á rannsóknum um áhrif rapptónlistar á fíkniefnanotkun verða niðurstöður rannsókna sem skoða áhrif tónlistarinnar á aðra þætti einnig kynntar. Í fjórða lagi verður samband tónlistar og hlustenda skoðað og verða settar fram fjórar kenningar sem varpa ljósi á þau áhrif sem rappið kann að hafa á ungmenni. Niðurstöður fyrri rannsókna verða hafðar til stuðnings og hliðsjónar. Að lokum verða helstu niðurstöður dregnar saman og ritgerðarspurningu svarað.
Recommended publications
  • Excesss Karaoke Master by Artist
    XS Master by ARTIST Artist Song Title Artist Song Title (hed) Planet Earth Bartender TOOTIMETOOTIMETOOTIM ? & The Mysterians 96 Tears E 10 Years Beautiful UGH! Wasteland 1999 Man United Squad Lift It High (All About 10,000 Maniacs Candy Everybody Wants Belief) More Than This 2 Chainz Bigger Than You (feat. Drake & Quavo) [clean] Trouble Me I'm Different 100 Proof Aged In Soul Somebody's Been Sleeping I'm Different (explicit) 10cc Donna 2 Chainz & Chris Brown Countdown Dreadlock Holiday 2 Chainz & Kendrick Fuckin' Problems I'm Mandy Fly Me Lamar I'm Not In Love 2 Chainz & Pharrell Feds Watching (explicit) Rubber Bullets 2 Chainz feat Drake No Lie (explicit) Things We Do For Love, 2 Chainz feat Kanye West Birthday Song (explicit) The 2 Evisa Oh La La La Wall Street Shuffle 2 Live Crew Do Wah Diddy Diddy 112 Dance With Me Me So Horny It's Over Now We Want Some Pussy Peaches & Cream 2 Pac California Love U Already Know Changes 112 feat Mase Puff Daddy Only You & Notorious B.I.G. Dear Mama 12 Gauge Dunkie Butt I Get Around 12 Stones We Are One Thugz Mansion 1910 Fruitgum Co. Simon Says Until The End Of Time 1975, The Chocolate 2 Pistols & Ray J You Know Me City, The 2 Pistols & T-Pain & Tay She Got It Dizm Girls (clean) 2 Unlimited No Limits If You're Too Shy (Let Me Know) 20 Fingers Short Dick Man If You're Too Shy (Let Me 21 Savage & Offset &Metro Ghostface Killers Know) Boomin & Travis Scott It's Not Living (If It's Not 21st Century Girls 21st Century Girls With You 2am Club Too Fucked Up To Call It's Not Living (If It's Not 2AM Club Not
    [Show full text]
  • Edition 2017
    YEAR-END EDITION 2017 HHHHH # OVERALL LABEL TOP 40 LABEL RHYTHM LABEL REPUBLIC RECORDS HHHHH 2017 2016 2015 2014 GLOBAL HEADQUARTERS REPUBLIC RECORDS 1755 BROADWAY, NEW YORK CITY 10019 REPUBLIC #1 FOR 4TH STRAIGHT YEAR Atlantic (#7 to #2), Interscope (#5 to #3), Capitol Doubles Share Republic continues its #1 run as the overall label leader in Mediabase chart share for a fourth consecutive year. The 2017 chart year is based on the time period from November 13, 2016 through November 11, 2017. In a very unique year, superstar artists began to collaborate with each other thus sharing chart spins and label share for individual songs. As a result, it brought some of 2017’s most notable hits including: • “Stay” by Zedd & Alessia Cara (Def Jam-Interscope) • “It Ain’t Me” by Kygo x Selena Gomez (Ultra/RCA-Interscope) • “Unforgettable” by French Montana f/Swae Lee (Eardrum/BB/Interscope-Epic) • “I Don’t Wanna Live Forever” by ZAYN & Taylor Swift (UStudios/BMR/RCA-Republic) • “Bad Things” by MGK x Camila Cabello (Bad Boy/Epic-Interscope) • “Let Me Love You” by DJ Snake f/Justin Bieber (Def Jam-Interscope) • “I’m The One” by DJ Khaled f/Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance The Rapper & Lil Wayne (WTB/Def Jam-Epic) All of these songs were major hits and many crossed multiple formats in 2017. Of the 10 Mediabase formats that comprise overall rankings, Republic garnered the #1 spot at two formats: Top 40 and Rhythmic, was #2 at Hot AC, and #4 at AC. Republic had a total overall chart share of 15.6%, a 23.0% Top 40 chart share, and an 18.3% Rhythmic chart share.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Summer Rain by Carl Thomas 2. Kiss Kiss by Chris Brown Feat T Pain 3
    1. Summer Rain By Carl Thomas 2. Kiss Kiss By Chris Brown feat T Pain 3. You Know What's Up By Donell Jones 4. I Believe By Fantasia By Rhythm and Blues 5. Pyramids (Explicit) By Frank Ocean 6. Under The Sea By The Little Mermaid 7. Do What It Do By Jamie Foxx 8. Slow Jamz By Twista feat. Kanye West And Jamie Foxx 9. Calling All Hearts By DJ Cassidy Feat. Robin Thicke & Jessie J 10. I'd Really Love To See You Tonight By England Dan & John Ford Coley 11. I Wanna Be Loved By Eric Benet 12. Where Does The Love Go By Eric Benet with Yvonne Catterfeld 13. Freek'n You By Jodeci By Rhythm and Blues 14. If You Think You're Lonely Now By K-Ci Hailey Of Jodeci 15. All The Things (Your Man Don't Do) By Joe 16. All Or Nothing By JOE By Rhythm and Blues 17. Do It Like A Dude By Jessie J 18. Make You Sweat By Keith Sweat 19. Forever, For Always, For Love By Luther Vandros 20. The Glow Of Love By Luther Vandross 21. Nobody But You By Mary J. Blige 22. I'm Going Down By Mary J Blige 23. I Like By Montell Jordan Feat. Slick Rick 24. If You Don't Know Me By Now By Patti LaBelle 25. There's A Winner In You By Patti LaBelle 26. When A Woman's Fed Up By R. Kelly 27. I Like By Shanice 28. Hot Sugar - Tamar Braxton - Rhythm and Blues3005 (clean) by Childish Gambino 29.
    [Show full text]
  • Songs by Title
    Songs by Title Title Artist Title Artist #1 Goldfrapp (Medley) Can't Help Falling Elvis Presley John Legend In Love Nelly (Medley) It's Now Or Never Elvis Presley Pharrell Ft Kanye West (Medley) One Night Elvis Presley Skye Sweetnam (Medley) Rock & Roll Mike Denver Skye Sweetnam Christmas Tinchy Stryder Ft N Dubz (Medley) Such A Night Elvis Presley #1 Crush Garbage (Medley) Surrender Elvis Presley #1 Enemy Chipmunks Ft Daisy Dares (Medley) Suspicion Elvis Presley You (Medley) Teddy Bear Elvis Presley Daisy Dares You & (Olivia) Lost And Turned Whispers Chipmunk Out #1 Spot (TH) Ludacris (You Gotta) Fight For Your Richard Cheese #9 Dream John Lennon Right (To Party) & All That Jazz Catherine Zeta Jones +1 (Workout Mix) Martin Solveig & Sam White & Get Away Esquires 007 (Shanty Town) Desmond Dekker & I Ciara 03 Bonnie & Clyde Jay Z Ft Beyonce & I Am Telling You Im Not Jennifer Hudson Going 1 3 Dog Night & I Love Her Beatles Backstreet Boys & I Love You So Elvis Presley Chorus Line Hirley Bassey Creed Perry Como Faith Hill & If I Had Teddy Pendergrass HearSay & It Stoned Me Van Morrison Mary J Blige Ft U2 & Our Feelings Babyface Metallica & She Said Lucas Prata Tammy Wynette Ft George Jones & She Was Talking Heads Tyrese & So It Goes Billy Joel U2 & Still Reba McEntire U2 Ft Mary J Blige & The Angels Sing Barry Manilow 1 & 1 Robert Miles & The Beat Goes On Whispers 1 000 Times A Day Patty Loveless & The Cradle Will Rock Van Halen 1 2 I Love You Clay Walker & The Crowd Goes Wild Mark Wills 1 2 Step Ciara Ft Missy Elliott & The Grass Wont Pay
    [Show full text]
  • Y'all Call It Technical and Professional Communication, We Call It
    Y’ALL CALL IT TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION, WE CALL IT #FORTHECULTURE: THE USE OF AMPLIFICATION RHETORICS IN BLACK COMMUNITIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION STUDIES by Temptaous T. Mckoy July 2019 Director of Dissertation: Michelle F. Eble Major Department: Department of English This project seeks to define and identify the use of Amplification Rhetorics (AR) in the social movement organization TRAP Karaoke and at three Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). In highlighting the AR practices in Black communities. This project will provide insight into what these practices and spaces have to offer to the field of Technical and Professional Communication (TPC). AR is a theoretical framework that details the discursive and communicative practices, both written/textual and embodied/performative performed/used by individuals that self-identify as Black and centers the lived experiences and epistemologies of Black people and other historically marginalized groups. AR are #ForTheCulture practices that provoke change within the academy, regardless the field, however for this project I focus on the field of TPC. The phrase “For the Culture,” is used to describe or allude to an action that can benefit those individually or within a community much like TPC artifacts. This project identifies rhetorical practices located in Black spaces and communities that can be identified as TPC through the reclamation of agency, the sharing of narratives, and the inclusion of Black epistemologies. It illustrates just what it means to pass the mic and remind folks that we not ‘bout to act like there aren’t people of color at the TPC table.
    [Show full text]
  • Marygold Manor DJ List
    Page 1 of 143 Marygold Manor 4974 songs, 12.9 days, 31.82 GB Name Artist Time Genre Take On Me A-ah 3:52 Pop (fast) Take On Me a-Ha 3:51 Rock Twenty Years Later Aaron Lines 4:46 Country Dancing Queen Abba 3:52 Disco Dancing Queen Abba 3:51 Disco Fernando ABBA 4:15 Rock/Pop Mamma Mia ABBA 3:29 Rock/Pop You Shook Me All Night Long AC/DC 3:30 Rock You Shook Me All Night Long AC/DC 3:30 Rock You Shook Me All Night Long AC/DC 3:31 Rock AC/DC Mix AC/DC 5:35 Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap ACDC 3:51 Rock/Pop Thunderstruck ACDC 4:52 Rock Jailbreak ACDC 4:42 Rock/Pop New York Groove Ace Frehley 3:04 Rock/Pop All That She Wants (start @ :08) Ace Of Base 3:27 Dance (fast) Beautiful Life Ace Of Base 3:41 Dance (fast) The Sign Ace Of Base 3:09 Pop (fast) Wonderful Adam Ant 4:23 Rock Theme from Mission Impossible Adam Clayton/Larry Mull… 3:27 Soundtrack Ghost Town Adam Lambert 3:28 Pop (slow) Mad World Adam Lambert 3:04 Pop For Your Entertainment Adam Lambert 3:35 Dance (fast) Nirvana Adam Lambert 4:23 I Wanna Grow Old With You (edit) Adam Sandler 2:05 Pop (slow) I Wanna Grow Old With You (start @ 0:28) Adam Sandler 2:44 Pop (slow) Hello Adele 4:56 Pop Make You Feel My Love Adele 3:32 Pop (slow) Chasing Pavements Adele 3:34 Make You Feel My Love Adele 3:32 Pop Make You Feel My Love Adele 3:32 Pop Rolling in the Deep Adele 3:48 Blue-eyed soul Marygold Manor Page 2 of 143 Name Artist Time Genre Someone Like You Adele 4:45 Blue-eyed soul Rumour Has It Adele 3:44 Pop (fast) Sweet Emotion Aerosmith 5:09 Rock (slow) I Don't Want To Miss A Thing (Cold Start)
    [Show full text]
  • The Parthenon, April 23, 2014
    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar The aP rthenon University Archives Spring 4-23-2014 The aP rthenon, April 23, 2014 Bishop Nash [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/parthenon Recommended Citation Nash, Bishop, "The aP rthenon, April 23, 2014" (2014). The Parthenon. Paper 359. http://mds.marshall.edu/parthenon/359 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the University Archives at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The aP rthenon by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 23, 2014 | VOL. 117 NO. 121 | MARSHALL UNIVERSITY’S STUDENT NEWSPAPER | marshallparthenon.com Children’s Art “The good man is the friend of all living things.” Festival takes to — Mahatma Gandhi Heritage Station Marshall University celebrates Saturday By ALEXANDRIA RAHAL THE PARTHENON Huntington’s Regional Chamber of Commerce in collaboration with the Mar- shall University School of Art and Design and the Hun- tington Museum of Art are welcoming children ages EARTH DAY 2014 3-12 to participate in the seventh annual Children’s Art Festival Extravaganza. CAFE will take place from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturday at Heritage Station. It is free and open to the public. This year’s theme for the festival, chosen by the Marshall School of Art and Design, is Land, Sea and Sky. CAFE will consist of 10 booths, each featuring a different art project sur- rounding the theme. Marshall, the Huntington Museum of Art and Latta’s School Supply have donated all supplies for the projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Songs by Title
    16,341 (11-2020) (Title-Artist) Songs by Title 16,341 (11-2020) (Title-Artist) Title Artist Title Artist (I Wanna Be) Your Adams, Bryan (Medley) Little Ole Cuddy, Shawn Underwear Wine Drinker Me & (Medley) 70's Estefan, Gloria Welcome Home & 'Moment' (Part 3) Walk Right Back (Medley) Abba 2017 De Toppers, The (Medley) Maggie May Stewart, Rod (Medley) Are You Jackson, Alan & Hot Legs & Da Ya Washed In The Blood Think I'm Sexy & I'll Fly Away (Medley) Pure Love De Toppers, The (Medley) Beatles Darin, Bobby (Medley) Queen (Part De Toppers, The (Live Remix) 2) (Medley) Bohemian Queen (Medley) Rhythm Is Estefan, Gloria & Rhapsody & Killer Gonna Get You & 1- Miami Sound Queen & The March 2-3 Machine Of The Black Queen (Medley) Rick Astley De Toppers, The (Live) (Medley) Secrets Mud (Medley) Burning Survivor That You Keep & Cat Heart & Eye Of The Crept In & Tiger Feet Tiger (Down 3 (Medley) Stand By Wynette, Tammy Semitones) Your Man & D-I-V-O- (Medley) Charley English, Michael R-C-E Pride (Medley) Stars Stars On 45 (Medley) Elton John De Toppers, The Sisters (Andrews (Medley) Full Monty (Duets) Williams, Sisters) Robbie & Tom Jones (Medley) Tainted Pussycat Dolls (Medley) Generation Dalida Love + Where Did 78 (French) Our Love Go (Medley) George De Toppers, The (Medley) Teddy Bear Richard, Cliff Michael, Wham (Live) & Too Much (Medley) Give Me Benson, George (Medley) Trini Lopez De Toppers, The The Night & Never (Live) Give Up On A Good (Medley) We Love De Toppers, The Thing The 90 S (Medley) Gold & Only Spandau Ballet (Medley) Y.M.C.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Board Game Accessibility for Persons with Visual Impairment by Frederico
    Board Game Accessibility for Persons with Visual Impairment by Frederico Da Rocha Tomé Filho A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Computer Science The Faculty of Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology Supervisors: Dr. Pejman Mirza-Babaei Dr. Bill Kapralos Oshawa, Ontario, Canada December 2018 Copyright © Frederico da Rocha Tomé Filho, 2018 THESIS EXAMINATION INFORMATION Submitted by: Frederico da Rocha Tomé Filho Master of Science in Computer Science Thesis title: Board Game Accessibility for Persons with Visual Impairment An oral defense of this thesis took place on December 5, 2018 in front of the following examining committee: Examining Committee: Chair of Examining Committee Dr. Karthik Sankaranarayanan Research Supervisor Dr. Pejman Mirza-Babaei Research Co-supervisor Dr. Bill Kapralos Examining Committee Member Dr. Alvaro Uribe-Quevedo External Examiner Dr. Loutfouz Zaman The above committee determined that the thesis is acceptable in form and content and that a satisfactory knowledge of the field covered by the thesis was demonstrated by the candidate during an oral examination. A signed copy of the Certificate of Approval is available from the School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies. Abstract Despite the huge popularity and benefits of traditional board games, they present serious accessibility issues to players, particularly those with visual impairments, due to the heavy use of visuals to communi- cate gameplay information. Limited research investigating
    [Show full text]
  • Karaoke Song Book Karaoke Nights Frankfurt’S #1 Karaoke
    KARAOKE SONG BOOK KARAOKE NIGHTS FRANKFURT’S #1 KARAOKE SONGS BY TITLE THERE’S NO PARTY LIKE AN WAXY’S PARTY! Want to sing? Simply find a song and give it to our DJ or host! If the song isn’t in the book, just ask we may have it! We do get busy, so we may only be able to take 1 song! Sing, dance and be merry, but please take care of your belongings! Are you celebrating something? Let us know! Enjoying the party? Fancy trying out hosting or KJ (karaoke jockey)? Then speak to a member of our karaoke team. Most importantly grab a drink, be yourself and have fun! Contact [email protected] for any other information... YYOUOU AARERE THETHE GINGIN TOTO MY MY TONICTONIC A I L C S E P - S F - I S S H B I & R C - H S I P D S A - L B IRISH PUB A U - S R G E R S o'reilly's Englische Titel / English Songs 10CC 30H!3 & Ke$ha A Perfect Circle Donna Blah Blah Blah A Stranger Dreadlock Holiday My First Kiss Pet I'm Mandy 311 The Noose I'm Not In Love Beyond The Gray Sky A Tribe Called Quest Rubber Bullets 3Oh!3 & Katy Perry Can I Kick It Things We Do For Love Starstrukk A1 Wall Street Shuffle 3OH!3 & Ke$ha Caught In Middle 1910 Fruitgum Factory My First Kiss Caught In The Middle Simon Says 3T Everytime 1975 Anything Like A Rose Girls 4 Non Blondes Make It Good Robbers What's Up No More Sex....
    [Show full text]
  • Masking Protection Solutions Masking Protection Solutions
    Masking Protection Solutions Masking Protection Solutions 6,000+ masking parts in-stock and ready to ship caps plugs tapes die-cuts hooks & racks company overview SEARCH PRODUCTS BY TYPE I caps ................................................................................................16-35 For more than 65 years, Caplugs has been I plugs............................................................................................. 36-67 the leader in product protection with I miscellaneous masking & kits ................................................66-73 innovative parts that solve industrywide I masking tapes ............................................................................ 74-79 challenges. Comprehensive manufacturing I masking die-cuts.......................................................................80-95 capabilities, processes and a wide range of I hooks, bars and racks ............................................................96-103 materials allow us to meet your needs. PAGE GUIDE Over 400 million caps, plugs, packaging, selector guide .........................................................................................6-7 tubing and masking products are always why caplugs .............................................................................................. 8 in-stock and ready to ship. While a dedicated experience and expertise ...................................................................... 9 team of in-house engineers is also available for complete custom designs. With a global quality
    [Show full text]
  • Dope Addiction Download Mp3
    Dope addiction download mp3 Buy Dope Addicted [Explicit]: Read Digital Music Reviews - Legalize It by Dope Smoker, released 29 June 1. Includes high-quality download in MP3, FLAC and more. Paying Audio Addict Download addiction dope mp3 songs kbps album listen. Stream Addiction (Prod. By Prodlem) by Addiction (Prod. "am faithful to you, am loyal to you, addiction baby " ❤❤❤ this song is dope! "am faithful to you, am loyal to you, addiction baby " ❤❤❤ this song is dope! Free download of Don't Ichibeleshi Feat. Chef in high quality mp3. 14 songs. Dope My Addiction Sonic Boom ViperVenom. Loading. do u have more videos from dope?​. Read. 3 track from the album No Regrets, Dope .. Addiction featuring Zakk Wylde. Dope Addiction lyrics & video: [Serenity Prayer]God, grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, check amazon for Addiction mp3 download. Tim's moving motivational speech, From Dope to Hope | A Man In Recovery Radio “From Dope to Hope” on [Download MP3] [itunes] [Bookmark Episode]. Download and Convert future move that dope download to MP3 and MP4 for free! Dope is an American metal band from New York City, New York formed in The band has . In addition to this, the full music video for the single Addiction, which features Zakk .. Create a book · Download as PDF · Printable version. File, Size, #. 1. Dope - 3, (mb). 2. Dope - 3, (mb). 3. Dope - 3, (mb). 4. Dope - No 3, (mb). 5. Mixtapes › DJs › DJ Lazy K › Dope Mix ›. Fetty Wap Feat. PnB Rock - Addicted. Download and Stream Fetty Wap Feat. PnB Rock - Addicted.
    [Show full text]