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Early Carboniferous (Late Tournaisian) Brachiopod Fauna from the Shittakazawa Formation in the Okuhinotsuchi Area, South Kitakami Belt, Japan

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Early Carboniferous (Late Tournaisian) Brachiopod Fauna from the Shittakazawa Formation in the Okuhinotsuchi Area, South Kitakami Belt, Japan Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, Vol. 125, No. 3, p. 219–225, March 2019 doi: 10.5575/geosoc.2018.0054 Early Carboniferous (late Tournaisian) brachiopod fauna from the Shittakazawa Formation in the Okuhinotsuchi area, South Kitakami Belt, Japan Abstract Jun-ichi Tazawa＊ and This study describes the brachiopod Shittakazawa fauna from the ＊＊ upper part of the Shittakazawa Formation in the Okuhinotsuchi Hiroshi Kurita area, South Kitakami Belt, northeastern Japan. The following four brachiopod species, which are assigned to three genera, are identi- Received April 7, 2018 fied: Rhipidomella kusbassica, Schizophoria pinguis, S. mayesensis, Accepted September 18, 2018 and Unispirifer kozuboensis. The Shittakazawa fauna corresponds to ＊ Hamaura-cho 1-260-1, Chuo-ku, Niigata a late Tournasian age, thus indicating a late Tournasian age for the 951-8151, Japan upper part of the Shittakazawa Formation. ＊＊ Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan Keywords: Brachiopoda, Okuhinotsuchi, Shittakazawa Formation, South Kitakami Belt, Tournaisian Corresponding author: J. Tazawa, [email protected] phy of the Shittakazawa Formation has been studied by Introduction Minato et al. (1953), Takeda (1960), Saito (1966, 1968), Carboniferous rocks are widely distributed in the Tazawa and Katayama (1979), Minato et al. (1979), South Kitakami Belt, northeastern Japan. The Shittaka- Kawamura and Kawamura (1981), Kawamura (1985a, zawa Formation (named by Kawamura and Kawamura, b), Tazawa and Iryu (2019) and Tazawa and Kurita 1981) is the earliest Carboniferous formation in the cen- (2019). However, the age of the formation is uncertain tral part of the South Kitakami Belt (i.e., Shimoarisu, owing to a paucity of fossil evidence. Yokota and Okuhinotsuchi areas) (Fig. 1). The stratigra- In the present paper, we describe four brachiopod spe- Fig. 1. Topographic map of Okuhinotsuchi area (South Kita- kami Belt) showing the fossil lo- cality KAR1 (base map is from the Geospatial Information Au- thority of Japan). ©The Geological Society of Japan 2019 219 220 Jun-ichi Tazawa and Hiroshi Kurita 2019―3 cies (the Shittakazawa fauna) from the upper part of the Shittakazawa Formation in the Okuhinotsuchi area, and discuss the age of the fauna. The material was collected by H. Kurita in 1982, in the course of his graduate thesis at the Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, under the supervision of J. Tazawa. The brachiopod specimens described herein are now registered and housed in the Tohoku University Museum, Sendai (prefix IGPS, numbers 99006‒99008 and 111760‒111764). Stratigraphy and material According to Tazawa and Kurita (2019), the Carbon- iferous rocks of the Okuhinotsuchi area are divided into the Shittakazawa, Arisu, Odaira, Onimaru and Nagaiwa formations, in ascending stratigraphic order (Fig. 2). The Odaira Formation in this study corresponds to the Karoyama Formation of Tazawa et al. (1981) and also to the middle and upper parts of the Karosawa Forma- tion of Kawamura and Kawamura (1981). The Shittaka- zawa Formation (986 m thick) is subdivided into a low- er part (alternating light grey to light greenish-grey rhyolitic tuff and conglomerate, with thin layers of limestone and green to dark green andesitic‒basaltic tuff, 257 m thick), a middle part (rhyolitic tuff, 500 m thick) and an upper part (alternating rhyolitic tuff, sand- stone and shale, with a thin limestone layer, 229 m thick). The brachiopod fossils described herein were collected from light grey tuffaceous shale in the upper part (214 m below the top) of the Shittakazawa Forma- tion, exposed at locality KAR1 (39°11′36″N, 141° 30′47″E), which is a small tributary on the northern bank of the Hinotsuchigawa River, 1.4 km northwest of the junction of the Hinotsuchigawa and Yokokawa riv- ers in the Okuhinotsuchi area. The Shittakazawa fauna The brachiopod fauna described herein contains four species in three genera: Rhipidomella kusbassica Bes- Fig. 2. Generalized columnar section of the Carboniferous nossova in Sarytcheva et al., 1963, Schizophoria pinguis succession in the Okuhinotsuchi area, South Kitakami Demanet, 1934, S. mayesensis Carter, 1999 and Uni- Belt, showing the fossil horizon of locality KAR1 spirifer kozuboensis (Minato, 1952). The stratigraphic (adapted from Tazawa and Kurita, 2019). Legend 1, shale; 2, sandstone; 3, alternating sandstone and shale; 4, lime- distributions of the brachiopod species of the Shittaka- stone of the Nagaiwa Formation; 5, limestone of the zawa fauna are summarized in Fig. 3. Of the brachio- Onimaru Formation; 6, limestone of the Odaira, Arisu and Shittakazawa formations; 7, andesitic‒basaltic tuff; 8, an- pods listed above, Rhipidomella kusbassica is known desitic‒basaltic lapilli tuff; 9, rhyolitic tuff; 10, conglom- from the lower Tournaisian to lower Visean, Schizopho- erate. F = fault. ria pinguis from the upper Tournaisian to upper Visean, Schizophoria mayesensis from the upper Tournaisian, and Unispirifer kozuboensis from the upper Tournaisian Discussion to lower Visean. In summary, the age of the Shittakaza- wa fauna is identified as late Tournaisian. The age of the Shittakazawa Formation was discussed Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan 125（ 3 ） Tournaisian brachiopods of Okuhinotsuchi 221 Systematic descriptions Order Orthida Schuchert and Cooper, 1932 Suborder Dalmanellidina Moore, 1952 Superfamily Dalmanelloidea Schuchert, 1913 Family Rhipidomellidae Schuchert, 1913 Subfamily Rhipidomellinae Schuchert, 1913 Genus Rhipidomella Oehlert, 1890 Type species.―Terebratula michelini Léveillé, 1835. Rhipidomella kusbassica Besnossova in Sarytcheva et al., 1963 Fig. 3. Stratigraphic distribution of brachiopod species of (Fig. 4A) the Okuhinotsuchi fauna in locality KAR1. Rhipidomella michelini (Léveillé). Tolmatchoff, 1924, p. 212, 569, pl. 13, fig. 4; Nalivkin, 1937, p. 36, pl. 3, previously by Minato and Ogata (1977), Minato and figs. 6, 7. Kato (1979) and Tazawa and Kurita (1986). First, Minato Rhipidomela kusbassica Besnossoba in Sarytcheva et and Ogata (1977) described a rugose coral, Palaeosmilia al., 1963, p. 74, pl. 2, figs. 9‒11; Grechishnicova, membiensis Minato and Ogata, from the Shittakazawa 1966, p. 91, pl. 1, figs. 5‒10; Zhang et al., 1983, p. Formation (exact horizon uncertain) from southwest of 264, pl. 106, fig. 9. the Mt. Membiyama peak in the Okuhinotsuchi area. They noted that P. membiensis from Okuhinotsuchi re- Material.―One specimen, internal mould of a dorsal sembles Tournaisian species of Palaeosmilia, such as P. valve, IGPS111760. tschumyshensis Dobrolyubova and P. aquisgranensis Remarks.―This specimen is poorly preserved but can (Frech). On the basis of the fossil evidence, the fossil- be referred to Rhipidomella kusbassica Besnossova in bearing horizon of the Shittakazawa Formation was cor- Sarytcheva et al., 1963, from the lower Tournaisian‒ related with the Tournaisian, probably the lower Tour- lower Visean of the Kuznetsk Basin, central Russia, in nasian by Minato and Ogata (1977), and the upper the small size (length more than 14 mm, width about 15 Tournaisian by Minato and Kato (1979). Subsequently, mm) and in having wide hinge and strong brachiophores Tazawa and Kurita (1986) described two brachiopod diverging anteriorly. Rhipidomella altaica Tolmatchoff species, Schizophoria pinguis Demanet and Unispirifer (1924, p. 213, 569, pl. 13, figs. 5‒7, 9, 10), from the kozuboensis (Minato), from the upper part (revised from Tournaisian of the Kuznetsk Basin, differs from R. kus- the“ middle part” by Tazawa and Kurita, 1986, p. 167) bassica in the more transverse outline and in having of the Shittakazawa Formation at the same locality slightly shorter hinge. The type species, Rhipidomella (KAR1) in the Okuhinotsuchi area, and assigned the michelini (Léveillé, 1835), redescribed by Brunton Shittakazawa Formation to the upper Tournaisian based (1968, p. 17, pl. 3, figs. 1‒25, text-fig. 5) from the Vise- mainly on the presence of U. kozuboensis, which was an of Fermanagh, northern Ireland, differs from R. kus- considered to be a Tournaisian species by Minato (1952) bassica in having much shorter hinge. and Minato and Kato (1979). Distribution.―Lower Tournaisian‒lower Visean: In the present study, we concluded that the age of the northeastern Japan (Okuhinotsuchi in the South Kita- upper part of the Shittakazawa Formation is late Tour- kami Belt), central Russia (Kuznetsk Basin), Kazakh- naisian based on the co-occurrence of the brachiopods, stan and northwestern China (Xinjiang). Rhipidomella kusbassica, Schizophoria pinguis, S. mayesensis and Unispirifer kozuboensis, particularly on Superfamily Enteletoidea Waagen, 1884 the presence of S. mayesensis, which was previously Family Schizophoriidae Schuchert and LeVene, 1929 known only from the upper Tournasian of Oklahoma, Genus Schizophoria King, 1850 USA (Carter, 1999). Type species.―Conchyliolithus (Anomites) resupina- tus Martin, 1809. 222 Jun-ichi Tazawa and Hiroshi Kurita 2019―3 Fig. 4. Brachiopods from the Shittakazawa Formation in the Okuhinotsuchi area. A, Rhipidomella kusbassica Besnossova, internal mould of dorsal valve, IGPS111760; B, C, Schizophoria pinguis Demanet; B, dorsal (B1), anterior (B2), posterior (B3) and lateral (B4) views of internal mould of dorsal valve, IGPS99007; C, dorsal (C1) and lateral (C2) views of internal mould of dorsal valve, IGPS99006; D‒F, Schizophoria mayesensis Carter; D, internal mould of ventral valve, IGPS111762; E, internal mould of dorsal valve, IGPS111763; F, internal mould (F1) and external
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