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Geology of the Volga-Ural Petroleum Province and Detailed Description of the Romashkino and Arlan Oil Fields

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Geology of the Volga-Ural Petroleum Province and Detailed Description of the Romashkino and Arlan Oil Fields UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Geology of the Volga-Ural Petroleum Province and detailed description of the Romashkino and Arlan oil fields by James A. Peterson* and James W. Clarke^ Open-File Report 83-711 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Missoula, Montana Reston, Virginia 1983 CONTENTS Page Abstract l I n t ro du c t i on 3 History of exploration 4 Paleogeography and paleostructure 7 Introduction 9 Structural stages 10 Riphean-Vendian structural stage 12 Eifelian-Frasnian structural stage 12 Famennian-Tournaisian structural stage 13 Carboniferous-Lower Permian structural stage 14 Upper Permian and Mesozoic-Cenozoic structural stage 14 Stratigraphy and depositional facies 15 Introduction 15 Late Proterozoic 16 First Paleozoic cycle (Middle Devonian-Tournaisian) 18 Middle Devonian (Eifelian and Givetian) 19 Late Devonian (Frasnian and Famennian) 20 Tournaisian 21 Second Paleozoic Cycle (Visean, Namurian, and Bashkirian) 22 Visean (Meramecian-early Chesterian) 22 Namurian (late Chesterian) 23 Bashkirian (Morrowan-Atokan) 23 Third Paleozoic Cycle (Moscovian through Early Permian) 24 Moscovian (Desmoinesian) 24 Late Carboniferous (Missourian and Virgilian) - 25 Asselian-Sakmarian (Wolfcampian) 25 Artinskian-Kungurian (Leonardian) 26 Fourth Paleozoic cycle (Latest Early Permian and Late Ufimian-Kazanian (Guadalupian) * - 27 Tatarian (Late Guadalupian-Ochoan) 27 Mesozoic 27 Cenozoic ** " -^ 28 Hydrogeology 29 Petroleum geology - 31 Upper Proterozoic (Bavly beds) - 32 Reservoir rocks 32 Source rocks 33 Clastic Devonian 33 Reservoir rocks 33 Source Rocks 34 /Traps 34 CONTENTS (continued) Page Carbonate Upper Devonian and Lowermost Carboniferous (Upper Frasnian, Famennian, and Tournaisian) 35 Reservoir rocks 35 Visean Clastics (Lower Carboniferous) 37 Reservoir rocks 37 Source rocks 37 Traps 38 Carbonate Lower and Middle Carboniferous (Upper Visean, Namurian, and Bashkirian) 39 Reservoir rocks 39 Source rocks 40 Traps 40 Clastic Moscovian (Middle Carboniferous) 40 Reservoir rocks 40 Source rocks 41 Carbonate Middle and Upper Carboniferous 41 Carbonate-Evaporite Lower Permian 42 Reservoir rocks 42 Source rocks 42 Traps 43 Analogs 43 Clastic-Carbonate Upper Permian 43 Reservoir rocks 43 Source rocks 44 Summary of petroleum occurrence and resource data 45 Introduction 45 Reservoirs 45 Source rocks 45 Traps 46 Migration 46 Preservation conditions 46 Production areas - 47 Tatar arch 47 Birsk saddle 48 Upper Kama depression 48 Perm-Bashkir arch 49 Ufa-Orenburg monocline 49 Melekess-Sernovodsko-Abdullino basin 49 Zhigulevsko-Orenburg arch 50 ii CONTENTS (continued) Page North border of Peri-Caspian depression 51 Present Exploration and future prospects 51 Romashkino oil field 53 Stratigraphy 53 D-IV pay zone 56 D-III pay zone : 56 D-II pay zone 56 D-I pay zone 57 D-0 pay zone 58 Domanik pay zone 58 Upper Famennian pay zone 59 Tournaisian pay zone 59 Lower Carboniferous pay zone 59 Middle Carboniferous pay zone 59 Parameters of the oils 59 Water-oil contact 61 Production history 62 Partitioning of the field 62 Minnibayevo sector 62 Abdrakhmanov sector 63 Water flooding 63 Stimulation measure 64 Origin of field 64 Future of Romashkino 67 Arlan oil field 68 Introduction 68 Regional setting 68 Stratigraphy 69 Structure 70 Pay zones 71 Tournaisian stage 71 Visean stage 71 Middle Carboniferous 72 Formation conditions and parameters of the oil 72 Development of the field 73 References cited 75 iii ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE Large structures of the eastern part of Russian platform 7a Volga-Ural regional high 7b Map of location of downwarps of the Kamsko-Kinel system and local uplifts 13a Section of the Karacha-Yelgin reef 13a Index map of Russian Platform region showing main struc­ tural features, outline of Kamsko-Kinel trough system, and location of lines of cross-sections - 15a Regional structure map on Precambrian crystalline base­ ment, Russian Platform region 15b Generalized geologic map of the Volga-Ural province 15c Stratigraphic column, Volga-Ural province 15d North-south generalized structural-stratigraphic cross- section A-A1 , southeastern flank of Baltic Shield to Caspian Depression 15e 10, Northwest-southeast generalized structural-stratigraphic cross-section B-B 1 , Komi-Perm arch to Ural Mountains 15f 11. Northwest-southeast generalized structural-stratigraphic cross-section C-C 1 , Moscow basin to Ural Mountains 15g 12, Southwest-northeast generalized structural-stratigraphic cross-section D-D 1 , lower Volga region to Ural Mount ains 15h 13. Thickness in meters, Vendian (upper Proterozic) 16a 14. Thickness in meters and facies map, Early Devonian 18a 15. Thickness in meters and facies map, Eifelian (lower Middle Devonian) 19a 16. Thickness in meters and facies map, Givetian (upper Middle Devonian) 19b 17. Thickness in meters and facies map, Frasnian (lower and middle Upper Devonian) 20a 18. Thickness in meters and facies map, Famennian (upper Upper Devonian) 20b 19. Thickness in meters and facies map, Tournaisian (basal Lower Carboniferous) 21a 20. Thickness in meters and facies map, Visean (Lower Carboniferous) - 22a 21. Thickness in meters and facies map, Namurian (uppermost Lower Carboniferous) 23a 22. Thickness in meters and facies map, Bashkirian (lowermost Middle Carboniferous) 23b 23. Thickness in meters and facies map, Moscovian (Middle Carboniferous) 24a 24. Thickness in meters and facies map, Late Carboniferous 25a 25. Thickness in meters and facies map, Asselian-Sakmarian (Lower Permian) 25b 26. Thickness in meters and facies map, Artinskian-Kungurian (Lower Permian) 26a iv ILLUSTRATIONS (continued) Page FIGURE 27. Thickness in meters and facies map, Ufimian-Kazanian (Upper Permian) 27a 28. Thickness in meters and facies map, Tatarian (Upper Permian) 27b 29. Map of potentiometric surface of waters of the Middle- Upper Devonian aquifer complex of the Volga-Ural oil-gas complex 29a 30. Main productive areas and oil and gas fields, Volga-Ural petroleum province 3la 31. Thickness in meters, post-Proterozic sedimentary cover, showing distribution of oil types and reflectance values of Frasnian (Upper Devonian) dark shale source rocks 31b 32. Structure map in kilometers, lower Frasnian (Upper Devonian), showing net sandstone content of clastic Devonian and areas of Frasnian shale with greater than one percent organic carbon content 33a 33. Thickness in meters, clastic Devonian, showing oil fields producing from clastic Devonian reservoirs and percent of organic carbon in Frasnian shale source rock facies 33b 34. Thickness in meters, Upper Devonian-Tournaisian carbonate sequence, showing oil fields producing from this interval and distribution of Frasnian, Famennian, and Tournaisian high organic Domanik-type facies in Kamsko-Kinel trough system 35a 35. Thickness in meters, Visean clastic-carbonate sequence, showing oil fields producing from this interval and thickness of clastic Visean and thickness of high- organic middle Visean shale source rock facies 37a 36. Thickness in meters, carbonate upper Visean-Namurian- Bashkirian sequence, showing oil and gas fields producing from this interval 39a 37. Thickness in meters, Moscovian clastic-carbonate sequence, showing thickness of clastic part of Moscovian oil and gas fields producing from this interval, and main clastic and carbonate facies 40a 38. Thickness in meters, carbonate upper Moscovian-Upper Carboniferous sequence, showing oil and gas fields producing from this interval 41 a 39. Thickness in meters, Lower Permian, showing oil and gas fields producing from this interval, main carbonate facies, and reef trend 42a 40. Thickness in meters, Upper Permian, showing oil and gas fields producing from this interval and main facies patterns 43a 41. Tabulated summary of reported parameters on petroleum geology and production for main productive and prospective areas of Volga-Ural province 47a ILLUSTRATIONS (continued) Page FIGURE 42. Typical well log of section of Permian, Carboniferous, and Devonian sediments of Romashkino field 53a 43. Structure map of the Al'met'yev high on the surface of the crystalline basement 55a 44. Structure map of top of Pashiy horizon in Romashkino 45. Profile of clastic Devonian of Romashkino oil field 55c 46. Pay zones of Romashkino oil field 56a 47. Permeability map of Abdrakhmanov area 57a 48. Lithologic map of bed Djbj+2 of central part of Romashkino field 57b 49. Lithologic map of bed Djc of central part of Romanshkino field 57c 50. Relationship between porosity and permeability for reservoirs of pay zone Dj of Romashkino field 58a 51. Map of values of saturation pressure at Romashkino field 60a 52. Map of values of viscosity of formation oil at Romashkino field 60b 53. Schematic map of initial isotherms of the top of pay zone Dj of Romashkino and Novo-Yelkhov fields 60c 54. Surface of water-oil contact of oil pool of pay zone horizon Dj of Romashkino fields ' 61a 55. Effect of water-free zone on the water-oil contact 61b 56. Map of outer margins of oil pools of pay zone Dj and DO of Romashkino field 62a 57. Distribution of wells in Minnebayevo sector 62b 58. Comparison of margins of oil pool in Minnebayevo sector as of January 1, 1963 62c 59. Map of succession of transfer of production wells to intensive recovery in Minnebayevo sector 62d 60. Map of effect of water injection on pay zone Dj of the Abdrakhmanov sector 63a 61. Map of effect of injection on pay zone Dj of the Abdrakhmanov area as of July
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