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PDF Download International Journal of Peace, Education and Development Citation: IJPED: 8(2): 81-89, December 2020 DOI: 10.30954/2454-9525.02.2020.4 Exploring the Indian Tradition of Nonviolent Communication Vedabhyas Kundu Programme Officer, Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti, New Delhi, India Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 22 Sept., 2020 Revised: 23 Nov., 2020 Accepted: 16 Dec., 2020 ABSTRACT At a time when the world mired by increasing cases of hate speech and action, intolerance and xenophobia, it is critical that there are efforts to re-look at our communication ecosystem. Unhealthy and dysfunctional communication ecosystems lead to conflicts and intolerance. In this backdrop, the endeavour should be to incessantly work for a communication ecosystem which is healthy and brings people together. It is time that efforts – at individual, local, national and international level be made to help evolve a nonviolent verbal communication ecosystem. While different societies across the world have inherent values to encourage nonviolent verbal communication, it would be prudent to look at the Indian tradition. This paper tries to explore how nonviolent verbal communication has been an integral part of Indian values and ethos. After delving on the ancient traditions of nonviolent communication, the paper tries to analyze the Gandhian model of nonviolent communication which has major traction at the global level. Keywords: Nonviolent communication, Indian tradition of nonviolent communication, Gandhian model of nonviolent communication, Healthy communication ecosystem Ahimsa is not causing pain to any living being at any tradition have been captured by this verse from the time through the actions of one’s mind, speech or body. Rig Veda (1.89.1): ā no bhadrāh kratavo yantu viśvato — Śāndilya Upanisad (let many noble and auspicious thoughts come to us from all over). It can be argued that the quest This perspective of ahimsa in the Śāndilya Upanisad for truth in our communication process through contributes to the understanding of nonviolence a reconciliation of different ideas and views has in Indian tradition. Nonviolence is a wide concept been an integral part of the Hindu thought and encompassing the actions of one’s mind, speech and traditions. The essence of harmonious dialogue in body. Right communication and the language that arriving at truth has also been underlined in several we use have been an important issue of concern in writings like this Sanskrit proverb, ‘vāde vāde jāyate Indian intellectual traditions over the ages. If we try tattvabodha’ (through continuous dialogue alone one to understand the origin of speech, the starting point arrives at the truth). of our communication, as per the Vedic traditions, The importance of words that are used has been we could trace it back to the Goddess Vac, who is called the Mother of the Vedas. How to cite this article: Kundu, V. (2020). Exploring the Indian Tradition of Nonviolent Communication. Int. J. Peace, Edu. Dev., 8(02): The importance of thoughts and the pluralistic form 81-89. of the communication process in ancient Indian Source of Support: None; Conflict of Interest: None Kundu underlined in Maitrī Upanisad which says, “Words Nonviolent communication in ancient cannot describe the joy of the spirit whose spirit is Indian tradition cleansed in deep contemplation, who is one with Sondhi (2020) talking about several Vedic literatures his/her own Spirit (of Ahimsa). Only those who point out how these reveals on how Brahma experience this joy know what it is” (Tiwari 2011). (the Absolute) identifies with language (śabda). Further, if we look in-depth at the Buddhist and “For instance, The Asya Vamiya Hymn of Rishi Jain traditions, we will realize how important was Dirghatamas in Chapter 1 of Rig Veda talks of how nonviolent verbal communication as an integral the ultimate abode of language is Brahma. Here, part of peaceful co-existence in ancient Indian language is described as something which is the traditions. These underlines on how communication peak of the universe.” and the notion of human interconnectedness, be Agrawala (1963) talking about the hymn notes, it with fellow beings, nature or other livings, are “Here language is related to cosmic order and is intertwined. understood as the idea of the word as distinct from Meanwhile in modern times we have had the spoken word. The spoken word is a limited philosophers like Swami Vivekananda who manifestation of the inner word that reveals the highlighted this Indian tradition of nonviolent truth.” Thus, the Asya Vamiya Hymn says that communication. Gaurir mimaya salilam takshati, the vibration of One of the greatest proponents of nonviolent speech creates or fashions out the manifold forms communication at the global level has been out of the waters of the infinite ocean of the ultimate Mahatma Gandhi. His approach of nonviolent Reality, Sondhi adds. Again, for instance, Agrawala communication is a beacon light for any nonviolent (1963) points out that in Chapter 10 of Rig Veda, hymns 71 and 125 establish the significance of action and constitutes an important strategy for speech and language for the thinkers in Vedic times. nonviolent resolution of conflicts. He too underlined Further, he talks about Hymn 71 which speaks of the essence of human interconnectedness as a the spotless treasures hidden in speech which are prerequisite for any nonviolent action. disclosed when there is affection in the utterances. An important aspect that needs to be grasped while Saraswati (2015, p. 809-15) describes the Vedic looking at different traditions- whether ancient or traditions and the importance given to speech or contemporary which has been furthered by peace communication. In this context, Sondhi (2020) notes, apostles like Gandhi is the all-encompassing nature “People with wisdom use speech that wins them of nonviolent communication. It is holistic in friends. Only those who make effort can speak and nature as it covers verbal, nonverbal and symbolic hear good speech. A person who has not understood communication, our thoughts and perspectives. the essence of speech can only utter words that are Nonviolent communication covers not only the hollow. Good speech comes to those whose action communication with ourselves and other human is good and who do not disown friends.” beings but also our communication with nature and Meanwhile, Sondhi (2020) talks of Hymn 125 of the other living beings. Rig Veda which also known as Vāk Sukta, regarding This descriptive study, while delving on the ancient which he points out, “In this extensive hymn Indian tradition, will also cover in-depth the dedicated to speech goddess, language is considered Gandhian model of nonviolent communication. worthy of worship, and it is seen as energy This will underline the fact how nonviolent coexistent with every object in this universe. It is communication is an integral part of Indian ethos considered as a sustainer of life, a source of success and ethical system. and riches. It brings knowledge and wisdom, and is the force behind the power of goodness.” PRINT ISSN: 2321-9807 82 ONLINE ISSN: 2454-9525 Exploring the Indian Tradition of Nonviolent Communication Further, if one reads the Bhagavad Gita, one finds composed around 100 BCE, this particular texttries important lessons on what should constitute healthy to reflect upon the language and communication and ethical communication. Bhagavad Gita, Chapter in Indian intellectual tradition. Commenting on the 17, Stanza 15 says: Natyashastra, anudvega-karaḿ vākyaḿ Vatsyayan (2016) observes, “Language must communicate at varying levels to different audiences satyaḿ priya-hitaḿ ca yat in culture specific and transcultural contexts. While being in finite time and place, it must have power svādhyāyābhyasanaḿ caiva to communicate beyond time and place.” vāń-mayaḿ tapa ucyate The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali also is an important treatise on nonviolent communication. For instance, Literally, it means, “Austerity of speech consists in Sutra II.36 (satya-pratiṣṭhāyāṃ kriyā-phala-āśrayatvam) speaking in a manner that will not agitate the minds notes, “To one established in truthfulness, actions of the listeners or enkindle the base emotions of the and their results become subservient.” (https:// listener or his passion; the communication should yogastudies.org/sutra/yoga-sutra-chapter-2- be true, it must be beneficial to the listener and verse-36/) According to Yoga Sutras, truth is based also pleasant. One should also engage in self-study on the understanding that honest communication (Balakrishnan, 2013). forms the basis for any relationship or community. Meanwhile Balakrishnan (2013) analyzes this Stanza The Yoga Sutras expresses concern that if we are which encompasses the essence of nonviolent untruthful, if we lie to others, then others will lie to communication: us. Eventually, it notes that such a practice becomes 1. It should not agitate the mind of the listener. normal to communicate through lying, never really saying what we mean or doing what we say. 2. It should not in any way enkindle the base emotions of the listener. Now it would be prudent to look at the essence 3. It should be the truth. of nonviolent communication in the Buddhist traditions. Nonviolence as per Buddhism can be 4. It should be beneficial to the listener. understood primarily as non-hatred or non-ill- 5. It should be pleasant to hear. will towards human or animals. An important 6. Such communications should be made only form, nonviolence which the Buddhist tradition after through self-study. propagates is the essence of compassion. The Nonviolent verbal communication entails emotional Buddha’s teaching starts with the four noble bridge building and stresses on the essence of truths (catur-aryasatya). The first two truths dialogue. In this context, Bhagavad Gita can be a discern the causes of violence and conflict and classic example of continuous dialogue between the suffering caused thereby: First, life inevitably Sree Krishna and Arjuna.
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