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2059451 Education Administration and Policy Making in the Rhondda 184O to 1974 by Graham Robins

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2059451 Education Administration and Policy Making in the Rhondda 184O to 1974 by Graham Robins 2059451 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY MAKING IN THE RHONDDA 184O TO 1974 BY GRAHAM ROBINS A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Philosophy of the Council for National Academic Awards. Sponsoring establishment: The Polytechnic of Wales Collaborating establishment: Mid Glamorgan Education Authority Submitted: Month - APRIL Year - 1986 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE List of Tables 1 Acknowledgements 6 Declaration 7 Copyright Statement 7 Abstract 8 List of Abbreviations ]_O Education Administration and Policy Making In The Rhondda 184O - 1974, Introduction: - The Concept of Community Consciousness 11 - The Concept of Organisation Culture 12 - The Concept of Power Resources 14 - The Local Education Authorities 15 Chapter 1 Education Administration and Policy Making In The Rhondda 184O - 1878: - General Background and The Role of The Ystradyfodwg Parish Vestry 19 - The Parish Vestry and General Issues 24 - Reasons for Attitudes 24 - Use and Deployment of Power Resources 27 Chapter 2 Education Administration and Policy Making In The Rhondda 1878 - 19O3: - General Background and The Role of The Ystradyfodwg School Board 3O - Experiments in Post-elementary Education 32 - Secondary Education In The Rhondda 38 - Local Education Authorities and The Abolition of School Boards 48 - Reasons for Attitudes 53 - Use and Deployment of Power Resources 58 Chapter 3 Education Administration and Policy Making In The Rhondda 19O3 - 1946: - General Background and The Role of The Rhondda U.D.C. 61 - The Rhondda Revolt 66 - Free Secondary Education 71 - The Curriculum of The Tonypandy Higher Elementary School 76 - Devolution of Powers 81 - Reasons for Attitudes 92 - Use and Deployment of Power Resources 1OO Chapter 4 Education Administration and Policy Making In The Rhondda 1946 - 1974: - General Background and The Role of the Rhondda U.D.C. 1O5 - Nursery Education 112 - The Bronllwyn Secondary School Dispute 118 - The Rhondda College of Further Education Dispute 125 - The Appointment and Dismissal of Part-time Cleaners at the Upper Rhondda Secondary School 13O - The Rhondda Council and General Issues 138 - Reasons for Attitudes 138 - Deployment and use of Power Resources 146 Education Administration and Policy Making In The Rhondda 184O - 1974: Conclusions 149 Tables 157 Notes and References 232 Bibliography 262 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Numbers attending day schools and places available in proportion to school population, 1847 158 2. Schools in Parish of Ystradyfodwg, 1870 159 3. (a) Population and school accommodation in the Parish of Ystradyfodwg, 187O 16O (b) Number of schools and religious affiliations in the Parish of Ystradyfodwg, 18 7O 16O 4. Population and schools in Wales, 1869 161 5. Population and school accommodation in the Parish of 162 Ystradyfodwg 1847 and 187O 6. Membership of Ystradyfodwg Parish Vestry Committee of Inquiry into the State of Education in the Parish, 1878 163 7. Ystradyfodwg School Board - Education Census, Nov/Dec 1878 164 8. Ystradyfodwg School Board - Education Census, 1883 165 9. Ystradyfodwg School Board - Attendance Returns for the month ending 2O Dec s 19OO 10. Ystradyfodwg School Board - School population, accommodation and attendances, 1878 and 19OO 167 11. Ystradyfodwg School Board - occupational composition 1878 - 1903 168 11. a. Ystradyfodwg School Board - non-conformist composition 1878 - 19O3 12. Ystradyfodwg School Board - Dates and length of service of members of Parish vestry 1878 -19O3 17O 13. Ystradyfodwg School Board 1878 - 1903, Members' period of service and occupations ^.71 14. Ystradyfodwg School Board - continuity of membership 1878 - 19O3 174 15. Ystradyfodwg School Board 1878 - 19O3, Chairmen and Vice Chairmen 16. County and County Borough populations in Wales, 1938 176 17. The practice of co-option to Education Committees in Wales, 1928 - 1929 177 18. Rhondda U.D.C. - School population and accommodation 19O3 - 1945 178 19. Individuals who were members of the Parish Vestry, School Board and the Rhondda U.D.C. and offices held, 1778 - 1903 179 20. Concurrent membership of School Board and Rhondda U.D.C. 1878 - 19O3 18O 21. Individuals who served on the School Board and the Rhondda U.D.C. 1878 - 1903 181 22. Block periods of simultaneous service on the Rhondda U.D.C. of former members of the School Board 1894 - 1946 182 23. Rhondda Council Offices held by former members of the Ystradyfodwg School Board 19O2 - 1946 183 24. Rhondda U.D.C. 1896 - 1946, Councillors' length of service in full years 184 25. Rhondda U.D.C. 1896 - 1946 ; Longest serving members 185 26. Rhondda U.D.C. 1896 - 1945, Continuity of membership 186 27. Rhondda U.D.C. 1896 - 1946 Chairmen of major Committees and Education Sub-committees 187 28. Rhondda U.D.C. 1896 - 1946 ; The Council 'inner- ring' and their election profiles 19O 29. (a) Rhondda U.D.C. 1896 - 1946, members' occupations, political affiliations and religion 191 (b) Rhondda U.D.C. 1896 - 1946,, Numerical analysis of miners, Labour Party members and Non­ conformists 198 (c) Rhondda U.D.C, 1896 - 1946, occupations and political affiliations of Council 'inner-ring 1 199 30. Rhondda U.D.C. 1896 - 1946 ; political affiliations of Council Chairmen and Vice-chairmen 2OO 31. Rhondda Council 1947 - 1974 , Councillors' years of service 2O2 32. Rhondda Council 1947 - 1974 , Analysis of Councillors' length of service (to nearest complete year) 2Q7 33. Rhondda Council 1947-1974 ; Members recording longest service 208 34. Rhondda Council 1946 - 1974 t continuity of membership in successive years 2O9 35. Rhondda Council 1946 - 1974 , Council Chairmen and Vice-chairmen, Mayors and Deputy Mayors 211 36. Rhondda Council 1946 - 1974 Main Committee Chairmenships 213 37. Rhondda Council 1946 - 1974 Chairmen of / Education Committee and Sub-Committees 215 38. Rhondda Council 1947 - 1974 , Members of Council 'inner-ring' 217 39. Rhondda Council 1946 to 1974 , Inner-ring Chairmenship of Education Committees and sub­ committees 218 40. Rhondda Council 1946 - 1974 , Total service of 'inner-ring 1 members before and after 1947 219 41. Rhondda Council 1947 - 1974 , Years of Service of 'inner-ring 1 councillors and 'inner-ring' continuity 22O 42. (a) Rhondda Council 1947 - 1974 , Post 1947 service of members of Council 'inner-ring' 1903 - 1946 221 (b) Rhondda Council 19O3 - 1974 , Common membership of Council "inner-ring* 19O3 - 1946 and 1947 - 1974 221 43. Rhondda Council 1946 to 1974 t Members occupations and political affiliations 222 44.. Rhondda Council 1946 - 1974 f Proportion of miners on Council 227 45. Rhondda Council 1946 - 1974 ^ concurrent service of members of "inner-ring" including the proportion of miners 228 46. List of Disputes between The Glamorgan and Rhondda Authorities 1946 - 1974 229 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Grateful thanks and appreciation are expressed to the following: The Polytechnic of Wales: for general encouragement. Mid Glamorgan Education Authority: for co-operation in allowing full access to all official records, files, documents etc. and to the senior staff of the Rhondda Divisional- Education Office for their help during searches. Rhondda Borough Council: for allowing access to their archives and to the staff of the Electoral Registration Section for their general assistance and support. Dr. C.A. Baker: As my Director of Studies for his scholarship, counsel, support and encouragement. Mr. Ken Hopkins: The Chief Education Officer for the County of Mid Glamorgan, and former Borough Education Officer for the Rhondda, for his interest and encouragement. DECLARATION While registered as a candidate for the Degree for which this submission is made I have not been a registered candidate for another award of the CNAA or of a University during the research programme and no material contained in the thesis has been used in any other submission for an academic award nor has any of the material been published in advance. COPYRIGHT STATEMENT The copyright of this thesis is vested in the author. EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY MAKING IN THE RHONDDA 184O - 1974 by GRAHAM ROBINS ABSTRACT The Rhondda Valleys lie sixteen miles north west of Cardiff, in Glamorgan, and were once the tumultuous centre of the world's coal industry. All that now remains is a community spirit and an education­ al and cultural heritage which had almost as tumultuous a history as that of coal mining. Over a period of one hundred and four years, from 187O to 1974, the administration of education in the Rhondda area involved, in chronological order, the Ystradyfodwg Parish Vestry (187O - 1878), the Ystradyfodwg School Board (1878 - 19O3), the Rhondda Urban District Council (19O3 - 1946) and the Rhondda U.D.C. as an Excepted District, (1946 - 1974). The dissertation is an examination and analysis of how these different authorities became involved in public education responsibilities and of how each responded. It is an underlying theme of the dissertation that, inter alia, the character of the Rhondda Community encouraged deep-rooted values, loyalties and traditions which blended into a strong community consciousness with the result that the community has always been, and remains,a valley of spirit and independence. The natural consequence was the emergence of attitudes of stubborn determination and independence defined as self reliance, an unwillingness to be dependent upon or to be constrained by other agencies, a preparedness to lead and innovate and an almost irrepressible urge for local autonomy and self-government« For each period the dissertation focuses on case examples of attitudes of stubborn determination and independence in education administration and policy making. Where possible brief evidence is also presented of the same attitudes in other fields and these attitudes were thus a general phenomenon although most prevalent in education. For each period an analysis of possible reasons for these attitudes is offered by applying the concepts of community consciousness and organisation culture followed by evidence of the deployment by the various authorities of the power resources of political legitimacy, knowledge and information and constitutional - legal powers in order to achieve their policies and aims.
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