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Satire: a Literary Derision Articulating Instinctive Dispositional Universality

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Satire: a Literary Derision Articulating Instinctive Dispositional Universality AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808 Satire: A literary derision articulating instinctive dispositional universality Dr. Ujjaval Pandit Assistant Professor Department of Science and Humanities, Shankersinh Vaghlea Bapu Institute of Technology, Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat, India. [email protected] [email protected] Orchid ID: - 0000-0002-0259-9729 Abstract:- Literature as the objective mirror of society has always played its conspicuous role to provide panacea for upheaval situations occurred as ‘a strange eventful history’ in human life. Apart from drama and fiction, it is significant contribution of poetry that has become cynosure genre through its outstanding usage of adages. Attaining the similar literary sublimity applicable to all these three prominent ingredients of literature i.e. Poetry, Drama and Fiction, satire has been acknowledge as the supreme medium to convey dispositional complexities. This paper aims at analyzing satire from its etymology, its functional view point by the author to bring the vivid outcome respective to its era, deliberate selection by the writer as the effective modus operandi and its wide interpretation by the readers and critics. In majority of the literary masterpieces, satire has been applied as the tool to mock the individual foible, societal vices by scathing ironies, humour and exaggeration. Through serious in nature, satire succeeds to be entitled as the most stipulated element having comic and sardonic texture. To scorn the individual may be an apparent outlook, although the connotation is to acquaint the world about the prevalent vices as the prime motif being a sensible writer. The attempt has also been made to highlight the nuances of human disposition preponderant as basic instincts that oblige the authors to adopt satire as a convenient medium to disseminate a notion that ideology and reality is a rarity to be found which have been disowned by the modern waves of sophistication, sophism and affectation. In such cases to empower and regain the realm of simplicity and truth, it becomes indispensable to apply satire as the preferable stance for the astounding and desired repercussions. Article Highlights:- The principle characteristic of satire is to remove immoral notions on individual level as well as eradicate wrongdoing demeanor. The indigenous efforts to reflect societal predicaments and to provide panacea to them, satire is the most intense, effective and desirable form. The implication that a grave diatribe inculcated through satire has not been confined to individual or society but it has been engulfed to political scenario as well. The politicized literary texts cater wide variety of derision from different class, gender and age groups. As a refined thought to reflect an attitude towards the process of making weak stronger, corrupt more virtuous and suffering perplexed into a extrovert stalwart. It manifests undeniable fact that satire is the platform to put forth these eccentricities out of one’s personality and rescue oneself from it not be developed as a perennial dispositional shades of human personality. Key words: - Satire, society, universal, disposition, mock, vices, irony Volume 8, Issue 12, 2020 http://aegaeum.com/ Page No: 207 AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808 Elucidating implied satirical ideology in any literary work would be a kind of evaluating aesthetic values applying correct measures to improve follies and express a great sense of contempt towards the aberration on the crass-headed creatures. It is an absolute balance between love and hatred, in which the indignation is aimed directly at a person and not at his aberration. The form employs significant preponderance of wit and humour. The frailties at individual and maliciousness of group or society are frowned upon. As a matter of fact, the authors confronted climax of foibles and found to nip this flaw in the bud but in an artistic manner. It does not seem too difficult for the literary experts to acknowledge their punitive deliberations that through this mockery these notions have been penned for great social reformation, against the lapses of human follies. This lack of maintaining ideal mental equilibrium and stupid unintelligent conscience inspire of rather provoke the writers to lampoon these people because of their social, political, religious or individual inconsistencies. Satire is the humorous literary or dramatic work that ridicules human or societal pretentions. The satirist employs wit to criticize foolish acts of viciousness through debate, adage, sermon, song or sometimes painting. By other significant rhetorical devices, he may use fables, dramatic events, fictional experiences, caricatures, unreal excursions, eye-catching similes; formal discourse the author may notify tirade, sarcasm, irony, burlesque, exaggeration to look down on the pre-decided object or person. The prime concern is to eradicate vices, stupidity and evils from the society by exposing, denouncing or ridiculing. The earlier version of satire was satirical in tone but not in form. At the later stage, authors got perplexed between Greek ‘satyre’ and ‘satyra’, which had been defined eventually as ‘satire’ by Elizabethan writers. Nurturing through many literary hands, satire grew more vivacious and satirists justified their responsibility to aware the public about individual weaknesses and social taboos at the same time inflicting scathing remarks on target audience through sharp and intellectual wit. A small deployment of casual humour and wit converted pointing out the serious blemish of character and eventually a refined persiflage represented ironical truthfulness on a universal scale. With the heraldry of derision and buffoonery, literary pioneers paved their way to the threshold of revitalizing the fictional horizon by introducing satire as the purveyor of ultimate amusement, intelligence, scornful pithy sayings, sarcasm and a healing factor to get rid of weaknesses of a character. “Of all the creatures that Creep, Swim, or fly, Peopling the earth, the waters, and the sky, From Rome to Iceland, Paris to Japan, I really think the greatest fool is man.” (1) The objective analysis of satirical reformation would lead eventually to disclose the fact that human personality is having preponderant follies unveiling the inherent dispositional instincts of mankind. Moreover, identifying these weaknesses and at the same time providing vent to remove them from the sufferer’s basic instincts is the objective pursued by the ancient writers of classical literature. The absolute intention is not to laugh at someone’s fault, but to provide the desired panacea by projecting his diffidence to the world so that the person can think to get rid of it. As human foible is essential as no one is complete and avoidable because it indicates universality of individual disposition. This tool has been occupied by many authors to caricature different persons, social groups, religious sects and political turncoats and hypocrites. To describe the preposterous characters of the respective ages, the efforts have been made to bring the desired impact. Elucidating the form with its implied tone of satire, the intellectual reform consisted of literary revolt and polemical writing made it more vulnerable for the targeted person. The heraldry of satire initiated being a comic version of satire is Grammer Gurton’s Needle. It is a farce of rustic England life. Grammer Gurton loses her needle which is supposed to have been stolen by a neighbour. The similar ideology of portraying universal human instinct as the basic work force in a character has been majestically portrayed by Christopher Marlowe in Dr. Faustus , who wanted absolute power, absolute knowledge and infinite joy, which led him to lust in pretext of beauty. “Was this the face that launched the thousand ships? Volume 8, Issue 12, 2020 http://aegaeum.com/ Page No: 208 AEGAEUM JOURNAL ISSN NO: 0776-3808 And burnt the topless towers of Ilium, Sweet Helen make me immortal with a kiss.” (2) Though Dr. Faustus forgets that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. As, his instincts deviate him from his prime concern to acquire absolute knowledge, he becomes frivolous seeker unaware about his illusory powers by practicing necromancy. This sense of acquiring excessive powers has been mocked by many critics as a fake aspiration to achieve delusive temptations, “To give me whatsoever I shall ask; To tell me whatsoever I demand: To sly mine enemies, and aid my friends, And always be obedient to my will.” (3) Another unparallel literary master, having distinguished versatility in dissecting universal disposition- William Shakespeare, who paved the way for literary world with desired transformation from Theocentricism to Anthropocentricism. He did not satirize the weaknesses of characters but recognized the truth that human being has ‘hamartia’ as an essential ingredient of his character. The profuse epigrammatic expressions manifesting universal complex disposition can be summed up in the following adage of Iago’s wicked and diseased intentions. It is the remarkable depiction of Shakerpeare’s satire on disloyalty, malignancy and affectation by uttering ‘honest’ 77 times throughout the text by Othello, “Iago is most honest.” (4) Eventually, on the other hand Iago, the mastermind who gets into the psyche of Othello, knows it well that his over-credulous and impulsive lord (whom he ironically addressed) is gullible and easily provoked. By this understanding of human
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