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Kurdish Oppression Against Assyrians
Oppression, Assassination, Torture, Harassment, Unfair, and Undemocratic Acts by Kurds and Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) Against the Assyrians (also known as Chaldeans and Suryan) in North of Iraq. Compiled by Fred Aprim (ZINDA) After the 1991 uprising, Assyrians had good working relations with the various political groups in North Iraq. All the same, elections in the spring of 1992 would be a harbinger of problems to come - ultra-nationalists among some Kurdish parties tried and succeeded in exerting their influence over any Assyrian involvement in North Iraqi politics by creating a puppet "Christian Kurdish" party linked to the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), the so-called United Kurdistan Christians (UKC). (http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2002/6.3.02/index.php#ZindaSays) (ATOUR) In 1992 some intellectual Assyrians published a communiqué, in it they warned against the continuous process of the Kurdification of the Iraqi people in north of Iraq. Then the ethnic and linguistic map of northern Iraq was not as it is today; some ten years after the no-fly zone has been established. For its importance, here is a passage from that communiqué: “The Kurdish leadership, and in a well-planned program, had begun to settle Kurds and in large numbers around Assyrian regions like Sarsank, Barwari Bala and others. This Kurdish housing project was naturally to change the demographic, economic, and civic structure of the Christian regions in only few short years; a process that forced the Christian to emigrate as the vacant homes were overtaken by the Kurds.” (http://www.atour.com/news/assyria/20030617a.html) (ATOUR) Francis Yusuf Shabo: born 1951 in Mangesh (Duhok Province), married with four children. -
Year of the Sword
YEAR OF THE SWORD JOSEPH YACOUB Year of the Sword The Assyrian Christian Genocide, A History Translated by James Ferguson A A Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Copyright © Joseph Yacoub 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available Joseph Yacoub. -
Abstract Title of Dissertation: NEGOTIATING the PLACE OF
Abstract Title of Dissertation: NEGOTIATING THE PLACE OF ASSYRIANS IN MODERN IRAQ, 1960–1988 Alda Benjamen, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation Directed by: Professor Peter Wien Department of History This dissertation deals with the social, intellectual, cultural, and political history of the Assyrians under changing regimes from the 1960s to the 1980s. It examines the place of Assyrians in relation to a state that was increasing in strength and influence, and locates their interactions within socio-political movements that were generally associated with the Iraqi opposition. It analyzes the ways in which Assyrians contextualized themselves in their society and negotiated for social, cultural, and political rights both from the state and from the movements with which they were affiliated. Assyrians began migrating to urban Iraqi centers in the second half of the twentieth century, and in the process became more integrated into their societies. But their native towns and villages in northern Iraq continued to occupy an important place in their communal identity, while interactions between rural and urban Assyrians were ongoing. Although substantially integrated in Iraqi society, Assyrians continued to retain aspects of the transnational character of their community. Transnational interactions between Iraqi Assyrians and Assyrians in neighboring countries and the diaspora are therefore another important phenomenon examined in this dissertation. Finally, the role of Assyrian women in these movements, and their portrayal by intellectuals, -
Assyrian Aid Society of Iraq and the Assyrian Women Union
سيعةا اةوريت دعودرنا عريق امجلعيــة الآشوريــــة اخلرييــــة - العراق “Organization in Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council since 2011” Annual Report 2014 Prepared By: Christina K. Patto Eramia S. Eskrya Index: • President’s Column • Aids and Humanitarian Affairs • Medical Aids • Civil Society Organizations • Assyrian Education • Dormitories and Universities • Construction and Projects • Visits & Activities • Supporters • Conclusion President’s Column The year 2014 had witnessed a re- genocide of indigenous people for different regions in Iraq, especially in Nineveh province, where our people (the Assyrian Christians) have faced an organized terror in Mosul and Nineveh plain by the terrorists of the criminal groups of ISIS, in which more than 200,000 (Two hundred thousands) individuals were displaced from their historic lands in Mosul and Nineveh Plain successively as from June 10, 2014 until August 7, 2014. Along with thousands of Yazidis, Shabak, Turkmen and others Iraqis. Since the first moments of displacement process and ethnic cleansing organized by the terrorists ISIS, our Society began a wide campaign to relief, shelter and care for the internally displaced people from Nineveh Plain, through implementing various relief programs organized by our Society by the efforts and support from the Diaspora and many organizations and institutions of humanitarian. Our Society has been able to provide thousands of ration and providing shelter for many families, as well as providing of necessary supplies for hundreds of families in different areas of province of Dohuk, Erbil, as well as in Sulaymaniyah, Kirkuk and Baghdad. In spite of the difficult conditions experienced by our people and still, AAS has continued to conduct its work in supporting the Assyrian Education Process in Dohuk and Erbil through bearing lecturers wages and transport fees for some of them. -
Christians and Yazidis in Iraq: Current Situation and Prospects
OTMAR OEHRING CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS OTMAR OEHRING CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS Published by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation Cover photo: © Ibrahim Shaba Lallo, Qaraqosh (currently Ashti Camp, Ankawa, Autonomous Region of Kurdistan) Caption of cover photo: Vertically: We work together Horizontally: We are proud Diagonally: We love, we forgive .(nun), stand for Nazara (Christ) ن The three Arabic characters, starting with The black IS flag bears the words: There is no God but Allah Allah Prophet Mohammed Islamic State in Iraq and As-Sham (i.e. Syria) Published by: Konrad Adenauer Foundation 2017, Sankt Augustin and Berlin, Germany This publication has been licensed under the terms and conditions of Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Germany (CC BY-SA 3.0 DE), website: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/deed.en Design: SWITSCH Kommunikationsdesign, Cologne, Germany Typesetting: Janine Höhle, Communications Department, Konrad Adenauer Foundation Printed by: Bonifatius GmbH, Paderborn, Germany Printed in Germany Printed with financial support from the German Federal Government ISBN 978-3-95721-328-0 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Legal Framework 2.1 International law 2.2 National law 3. Reduced scope for non-Muslim minorities after 2003 3.1 Drastic decline in the non-Muslim minorities’ share of the population 3.2 Changes in Baghdad’s religious power structure 4. Crucial for the future of Iraq: the recapture of Mosul 4.1 Capture of Mosul by the IS in June 2014 4.2 Capture of Yazidi settlements in Sinjar District by the IS in August 2014 4.3 Capture of Christian settlements in the Nineveh Plains by the IS in August 2014 4.4 Classification of the IS attacks on religious minorities as genocide 4.5 Campaign to retake Mosul 5. -
Assyrians Face Religious Persecution and Ethnic Genocide
Home | News | Bet-Nahren, Assyria Assyrians face Religious Persecution and Ethnic Genocide Assyrians face Oppression, Harassment, Intimidation and Murder in Iraq with the Rise of Arab Islamists and Kurdish Regional Power Compiled by Frederick A. Aprim | Edited by Assyrian Information Management (AIM) | PDF Posted: Friday, April 24, 2010 at 01:20 PM UTC | Updated: December 31, 2010. Bet-Nahren, Assyria (AIM) — In 1932, Iraq Your browser does not support video. was admitted into the League of Nations Please download the file: video/ogv video/mp4 (now known as the United Nations) on the video/webm basis this new country would ensure the rights of its indigenous minority Facing Extinction: Assyrian Christians in Iraq https://www.atour.com/news/assyria/20091010a.html populations. It did not take long to break that written and signed promise to the The persecution, kidnapping and murder of international community. In 1933, the Iraqi Assyrians in Iraq is tragically increasing. Thousands of Aramaic-speaking Assyrians are army together with the Kurds, committed its enduring unjust persecution because of their first state-sponsored genocide operation Christian faith. against the Assyrians in Simele and 30 minutes | Purchase Information: Amazon throughout the 65 surrounding villages. Courtesy of Questar and Assyrians Around the World The Simele Genocide was one of many systematic mass murders endured by the indigenous Assyrians. From 1843 to 1945, the Turks, Kurds, Arabs and Persians committed genocides against the Assyrian nation and other Christian peoples in Asia Minor [Middle East]. History reminds us that when the British mandate on Iraq ended in 1932, it was followed by a genocide of the Assyrians. -
IRAQ-Kurdistanregionofiraq
IRAQ - Kurdistan Region of Iraq For Humanitarian Purposes Only REFERENCE MAP Production date : 8 May 2019 As of April 2019 Country Border # Ekmala Hurke # # # Sole# Sule # # Ira #Barzank Governorate Border # # Alanish # ### # # # Keluk # Kesta # # # JumeBhere# # Kashan # # # # # Agar Lower Bavne Chey StuneNaw Chali # Nurdina # # Adin # #Beduhe # # # # # # # Sindi Zakho # Aqare # # # # #Gre Himbe # # # # Hidena Pirbla # # ## # # Dure# # # # Sorya# # # # # # # Mam Esa # Ava Tuka### Chaqala# ## # # # #Gavzana Darkar# ## # # Bandru # Dargalke## # # #Halwa Nasara# # ## # Mez Dre District Border Æ # # # # # # # Bahada# Biva# # Ô ## # # # # # # Darjalal# # #Ava# Khraba# ## # # # # # #Lata Isa Chamishku# # ÔÆ# Bersive# 2 # Betnure #Bigdawda# # Kani Sark# #Banistan Æ # Æ # # # Bahnuna Guli # # # # Tuya # # Ô Girik Ô # # # # ## # ## # # # #### # # # # # Sarrne# Awke # Chamkurk Collective # ### # # Batifa# ## # # # Merkaje# Beznur # Hinesh#Biyare # # # ## ## Firqa Sindi # #Bargri# # # # #Alih # # Hol # # Bizena # Afirma#P!# # Bersive# 1# # #Kharaba Sare# Rash# Sper Artish Rawiyan# # Bakirma# Collective# # ## Lower# #Dahuk# # # # HiriyashkSilura# # # # Hawra # # Levo Chamsuiske # Wela # # Kula # # # # Kani## Barzurke ### # # Kania # # Beruman# # Maze# Lower # # # # # Zakho# # #Barkfr # # #Bildisha # Sina # Rahal # # # # Bava # # Bare # Amedi # Bezhiyan # # # # Bazaar # Dawudiya# Mala Hetuit# Diheek# Lower #Chame Ji # Arz #Bajed## # KandalaHasanavaChambahif # Chamke# Dala Kar# # # # # # Meroz # Galan Gardi # # # # ## Balaka # # # Kavilka Garav Palana -
Arabic and Aramaic in Iraq: Language and Syriac Christian Commitment to the Arab Nationalist Project (1920-1950) Issue Date: 2020-01-08
Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/82480 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Baarda, T.C. Title: Arabic and Aramaic in Iraq: Language and Syriac Christian Commitment to the Arab Nationalist Project (1920-1950) Issue Date: 2020-01-08 Appendix A The Syriac Churches in Iraq Numbers Christians formed two to four percent of the total population of Iraq. While the amount of Christians has sometimes been believed to be higher, official estimates and censuses from the period 1920–1950 are consistent in this figure.1 Demographic information divided by church and locations is scat- tered over various sources and comes without accountability. This in- formation is likely to come from the churches themselves, but on the whole the numbers from different sources are not completely consis- tent with each other. The numbers give some insight into the division of the Christians over the churches and over the country, however. Numbers from the Dominican mission (tables A.1, A.2, and A.3) These tables are representations of tables found in Bibliothèque du Saulchoir, Z-91, Statistiques et recensements Iraq 1935. The formula- tions inside the tables are literal translations from French. The per- centages were added by myself. No sources are given in this docu- ment. 1See the statistical information reproduced by Hannah Müller-Sommerfeld, Staatliche Religionspolitik im Irak gegenüber Juden, Assyrischen Christen und Bahá’í (1920–1958), 284. 209 210 the syriac churches in iraq Race Number Percentage Arabs (Muslims, -
IRAQ Kurdistan Region of Iraq
IRAQ: Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) December 2019 Sanat Margahe Legend Avaguze Gue Dashtatakh Derashish Nizdor Hurke Bahnuna Sindi Haftanin Kukhke Mergamir Chamtui Mergashish Sule Shateenis Keluk Barzank Dif Av Kilka Jiniyuk Refugee Camps Ira Birka Turkey Surink Artees Dahlik Malik Bazhawa Kurk Bire Kesta Deshesh Ura Kie Lower Havshin Jume Ruse Agar Lower Hiroor Katola Chey Stune Bedar Hawrez Kashan Bavne Beduhe Titim Che Hawrez Police Post Sararu Adin Hidena Gre Himbe Nurdina Khishank Sarzeri Zakho Shudin Derishk Sirara Duskan Dasht Dudan Hetsh Harki IDP Camps Dercar Zakho Narmke Mnin Barwari Bala Dure Heshat Maidane Kuzava Sarmake Bosal Bandru Riwan Bequlke Hilwa Islam Dotaza Jarmanda Mam Esa Karne Barzur Beerke Shive Rewan Gara Urmana Shmaila Betkar Dizga Khware Stppe Mez Lata Isa Dre Ardawel Rabanka Mitufa Berseve 1 Batifa Girka Jdidke Tula Yate Khari Subhi Nerwa Upper Zewa Upper Khware [1] Hish Beda Mirwanis Biva Khizava Gri Babire Betnure Warsora Darkar Darishki Kurka Hatirshe Sqria Asihe Butara Spindar Saka Zer Mamisa Zahna Sra Ritika Avahe Garaguh Babir Keri Kani Sark Sarrne Bedfa Huse Sinje Hol Tuya Basyan Hizawa Batifa Beluizan Miska Avsarke Awke Hel Biyare Hinesh Chamar No longer Available Camps Chamishku Berseve 2 Dahlik Barhol Barhul Kani Balav Baze Khanka Mglana Baluka Sper Hawra Shabakama Zilan Dornakh Hizel Kapruk Bituza Tushk Hese Zewa Beznur Bashe Hora Rze Khalka Mahmadi Firqa Amar Agha Warmel Reshma Silura Bahrava Sarsulav Sarke BarhawPase Banka Qasrka Chamkurk Araz Dargale Maze Upper Warakhal Mazouri Bala Khalij Tawuk -
The Struggle to Exist: a Human Rights Report Concerning Assyrian Christians in Iraq
IRAQ The Struggle to Exist © £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¤ §£ £ § £ £ ¡ ¢ ¢¨ ¨ ¨ © ¦ § § £ § ¢ ¡ ¡ ¢ ¡ £ £ £ § § £ ¤ ¡ ¨ ¢¡ Assyria Council of Europe Hammurabi Human Rights Organization The Struggle to Exist Part I: An Introduction to the Assyrians and their Human Rights Situation in the New Iraq 2 February 2010 The Struggle to Exist Violence and Discrimination against Assyrian Communities in Nineveh Province’s Disputed Territories and in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region Methodology... 4 Map: The Iraqi Kurdistan Region and Disputed Territories Claimed by the Kurdistan Regional Government... 5 The Struggle to Exist... 6 I. Relevant Legal Standards... 8 Iraq and International Standards Protecting Minority Rights... 8 Other UN Standards Protecting Minority Rights... 8 Regional Standards Protecting Minority Rights... 9 National Standards Protecting Minority Rights... 9 Iraq’s New Constitution and the Disputed Territories... 10 II. Background Information... 12 “Arabisation” Policies... 14 The Anfal Campaign ... 14 “Arabisation” and “Nationality Correction” between 1991 and 2003... 15 III. Post-2003: Conflict in Assyria... 17 Regime-Change and Civil War... 17 Fighting over Nineveh... 19 Political Developments and the Situation in the Province... 20 Recommendations... 23 To the Kurdistan Regional Government... 23 To the Government of Iraq... 24 To the United States and Coalition Countries... 25 To UNAMI and International Human Rights, Humanitarian and Aid Organisations... 26 Appendix I: Tables showing the number of Assyrians and other Christians killed, wounded -
Incipient Genocide: the Ethnic Cleansing of the Assyrians of Iraq
Incipient Genocide The Ethnic Cleansing of the Assyrians of Iraq Assyrian International News Agency Incipient Genocide The Ethnic Cleansing of the Assyrians of Iraq Incipient Genocide The Ethnic Cleansing of the Assyrians of Iraq Peter BetBasoo June 12, 2007 Revised January 7, 2017 Assyrian International News Agency www.aina.org © 2007-2016, Assyrian International News Agency All Rights Reserved Special thanks to Fred Aprim for help in compiling Appendix 1. 2 Incipient Genocide The Ethnic Cleansing of the Assyrians of Iraq The men of Nineveh shall rise in judgment with this generation, and shall condemn it: because they repented at the preaching of Jonas; and, behold, a greater than Jonas is here. Matthew 12:41 3 Incipient Genocide The Ethnic Cleansing of the Assyrians of Iraq Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Random Violence? .......................................................................................................................... 7 Definition of Genocide ................................................................................................................... 8 Sources ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Killing Members of the Group ....................................................................................................... -
Tree of Life Issue 10
Regulars & Features Page 2. Fundraising activities Page 3. Participation in Local, National & International events Page 4. President’s Column - Mrs June Jako Page 5. Assyrian Aid Society Australia - Committee Members Pages 6-10. Report of Assyrian Aid Society - Iraq Page 11. Biography Ashur Eskrya - President, AAS - Iraq Pages 12-19. AAS-Au - Financials Page 20. Interview with Albert Yousef Abdal (Assyrian Refugee) Page 21-22. AAS Participated in 14th Session of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues - April 2015 Page 23. Poem - ‘Nineveh’ in Assyrian by Sami Hormis Pages 24-25. How To Shine A Light In All Darkness Page 26. Poem - ‘AWARA’ by Steven Yalda Page 27-28. The Destruction of Heritage Page 29. Assyrian Media Pages 30-31. Supporting AAS - Au Page 32. Advertisements - Assyrian Businesses Assyrian Aid Society- Australia encourages readers of Tree of Life to provide us with your feedback. We would like to further encourage all Assyrians businesses to contribute by supporting our annual Tree of Life by advertising in our publication. ASSYRIAN AID SOCIETY - AUSTRALIA Contact PO Box W144, Fairfield West, NSW 2165 Tel: 02 8764 0819 email: [email protected] www.assyrianaidsociety.org Our Mission To use all possible legal means to generate and acquire funds in terms of cash and assets to be used for the benefit of Assyrians in Bet-Nahrain. These contributions will ensure and sustain their self-sufficiency through creation and development of businesses, educational institutions, health agricultural industries and social infrastructure. Dear Reader, I have the honor of writing in this mathematics, science, literature, and shows comprehensively the new issue of the Tree of Life, the studies in foreign languages.