Maquinna and Jewitt
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Rethinking Sovereignty in British Columbia
Whose Land Is It? Rethinking Sovereignty in British Columbia Nicholas Xem olt Claxton and John Price* Ŧ W̱ entral to the history of what is today known as “British Columbia” is the persistent quest by First Nations to regain sovereignty over their traditional territories: “The Sovereignty of Cour Nations comes from the Great Spirit. It is not granted nor subject to the approval of any other Nation. As First Nations we have the sovereign right to jurisdictional rule within our traditional territories.”1 Whether it be the Mowachaht reclaiming Yuquot in 1795; the Tsilhqot’in defending their territory through armed force;2 the seventy-three and fifty-six Stó:lō leaders who petitioned the superintendent of Indian affairs in 1873 and 1874, respectively, seeking settlement of the land question;3 the Tsimshian and Nisga’a chiefs demanding a treaty in 1887; the 1906 trip by Chiefs Capilano, David, and Isipaymilt to Buckingham Palace to place before King Edward VII the Cowichan petition for land justice;4 the Lil’wat chiefs’ declaration of sovereignty in 1911; the almost universal Indigenous cry for land justice during the McKenna-McBride hearings, * This article was co-researched and written by both authors. The section on SÁNEĆ sover- eignty is in the voice of Nick Claxton, a member of the community, while the other sections are in the voice of both authors. We extend our appreciation to ChristineW̱ O’Bonsawin and the two anonymous reviewers for their advice on earlier drafts of the article and the assistance of the Mowachaht/Muchalaht First Nation. 1 Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs (UBCIC), Our Land Is Our Future: Aboriginal Title and Rights Position Paper, 1989, now referred to in Article 2 of the UBCIC Constitution as part of the guiding principles of UBCIC. -
KEEP IT LOCAL Spring & Summer Getaways Close to Home a WHALE
ExperiencesESCORTED GROUP TRAVEL SINCE 1972 Vol 09 – Spring 2021 KEEP IT LOCAL A WHALE OF A TIME PLAN NOW, GO LATER spring & summer getaways whale watching exciting new close to home adventures in Canada global itineraries THE WELLS GRAY TOURS ADVANTAGE WE PLAN | YOU PACK | NO WORRIES escorted tours with local offices with early booking discounts ExperienceAWE-INSPIRING ADVENTURES AHEAD experienced tour directors friendly, helpful staff and loyalty rewards program Spring is here and thoughts turn to travel. I think a great It seems so routine to be doing Zoom meetings and, LS GRAY EL T poet said that or maybe I have paraphrased. In any case, even though it is tiring looking at a screen for so many W O I hope this is true for you. Our phones are staying busy hours, it saves a lot of time travelling to in-person U pick-up points in BC Interior, single, double and triple R and lots of bookings are coming in, especially now that meetings. One day recently, I had four Zoom meetings P h S Vancouver Island, and fares available R vaccinations are starting earlier for most customers. We including my yoga class which for safety has moved from O b a i Lower Mainland V d are anxiously awaiting the lifting of travel restrictions by a studio to online. I n D i p I y N Dr. Henry, so our British Columbia tours can hopefully i s Although I am working from home every day, I wonder G m c 2 proceed starting in late April. -
An Examination of Nuu-Chah-Nulth Culture History
SINCE KWATYAT LIVED ON EARTH: AN EXAMINATION OF NUU-CHAH-NULTH CULTURE HISTORY Alan D. McMillan B.A., University of Saskatchewan M.A., University of British Columbia THESIS SUBMI'ITED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Archaeology O Alan D. McMillan SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY January 1996 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Alan D. McMillan Degree Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis Since Kwatyat Lived on Earth: An Examination of Nuu-chah-nulth Culture History Examining Committe: Chair: J. Nance Roy L. Carlson Senior Supervisor Philip M. Hobler David V. Burley Internal External Examiner Madonna L. Moss Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon External Examiner Date Approved: krb,,,) 1s lwb PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. -
Obvious but Invisible: Ways of Knowing Health, Environment, and Colonialism in a West Coast Indigenous Community
Comparative Studies in Society and History 2018;60(2):241–273. 0010-4175/18 # Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History 2018 doi:10.1017/S001041751800004X Obvious but Invisible: Ways of Knowing Health, Environment, and Colonialism in a West Coast Indigenous Community PAIGE RAIBMON Department of History, University of British Columbia PRELUDE I: ABIRDS- EYE VIEW This is a story about divergent epistemologies and the politics of risk. It is a story about diverse ways of knowing a place, of sensing danger, of feeling well; a story about the production of imperception, the construction of colonial subjecthood, and the struggle for Indigenous sovereignty. In this story, an Indigenous community worked to render perceptible to the settler state appara- tus its knowledge claims about pollution, health, and critically, authority. Activ- ists initially pursued an anti-colonial, environmental justice campaign that sought to translate local, Indigenous ways of knowing into the epistemologies of environmental science and public health. This strategy earned them allies in the health science and legal professions, and activists had reason for optimism. Yet ultimately, this strategy failed. When it did, the community changed course: it now appropriated technologies of law rather than science. Where they previ- ously mobilized knowledge verifiable with bare human senses, they now Acknowledgments: I humbly acknowledge the many people whose generosity, assistance, and insights made this piece possible. Most importantly, I thank the Mowachaht and Muchalaht com- munity members who spoke and worked with me, especially but not only: Sheila Savey, Margarita James, Margaret Amos, Jerry Jack, Max Savey, Lillian Howard, and Mike Maquinna. -
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SOCIAL POWER AND CULTURAL CHANGE IN PRE-COLONIAL BRITISH COLUMBIA1 COLE HARRIS rom the first White contacts along the Coast in the 1770s to the establishment of British colonies in the mid-nineteenth Fcentury, outside involvement in the territory that is now the province of British Columbia turned primarily on imperial geopolitical claims and the spatial momentum of commercial capital. Exogenous diseases accompanied — in some cases slightly preceded — these explicit interests. All such introductions reached into space that, along parts of the Coast and the major salmon rivers, probably supported as dense non-agricultural populations as anywhere in the world. The numerous peoples of the northern Cordillera responded to these introductions in ways that have been subject to renewed scrutiny in recent years, part of a worldwide interest in contact processes and in the strategies and tactics of colonialism and resistance. It seems useful, therefore, to review current under standings of the major new vectors of power in the northern Cordillera during these years and, in this light, to consider what generalizations can now be offered about social power and cultural change during the better part of a century between the first appearance of Europeans and the creation of colonies. The crew of brilliant anthropologists and ethnographers who first studied the Native cultures of the Northwest Coast in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries rarely raised questions about cultural change and social power during the early contact years. Franz Boas and others of his and the next generation gathered ethnographic information from elderly informants and sought to record traditional 1 I thank Daniel Clayton, Robert Galois, Richard Mackie, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on a draft of this essay. -
Xaayda Kil / Xaad Kil Grades 5 to 12
XAAYDA KIL / XAAD KIL GRADES 5 TO 12 Integrated Resource Package 2017 School District No.50 Haida Gwaii Copyright © 2016 School District No. 50 Haida Gwaii and the School District No. 50 Haida Education Council, on behalf of the Xaayda Kil and Xaad Kil language champions past and present: those who keep the language alive for Haida children, present and future. COPYRIGHT NOTICE No part of the content of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including electronic storage, reproduction, execution or transmission without the prior written permission of the Xaayda Kil and Xaad Kil Language Authorities and the School District No. 50 Haida Gwaii Board of Education. LIMITED EXEMPTION TO NON-REPRODUCTION This copyright allows unlimited use of this IRP by the School District No. 50 Board of Education, which sponsored its development. Permission to copy and use this publication in part, or in its entirety, for non-profit educational purposes is granted to all British Columbia public schools and First Nation schools, for the purpose of teaching Xaad Kil and Xaayda Kil. COVER ARTWORK The design is of Mouse Woman, a recurring supernatural being in almost every Haida story; she is the “all seeing eye”. Her role is to guide one through the story with the knowledge of either what is to happen or how to prepare for what will happen, or even to give directions. She is the oracle in a sense, with all her knowledge, just as this document shall be full of language and history. I see this box design with Mouse Woman as a box filled with knowledge, which in turn represents this IRP. -
A Review of Ethnographic and Historically Recorded Dentaliurn Source Locations
FISHINGFOR IVORYWORMS: A REVIEWOF ETHNOGRAPHICAND HISTORICALLY RECORDEDDENTALIUM SOURCE LOCATIONS Andrew John Barton B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1979 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY Q Andrew John Barton 1994 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Burnaby October, 1994 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means without permission of the author. Name: Andrew John Barton Degree: Master of Arts (Archaeology) Title of Thesis: Fishing for Ivory Worms: A Review of Ethnographic and Historically Recorded Dentaliurn Source Locations Examining Committee: Chairperson: Jack D. Nance - -, David V. Burley Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Richard Inglis External Examiner Department of Aboriginal Affairs Government of British Columbia PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis or dissertation (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of ThesisIDissertation: Fishing for Ivory Worms: A Review of Ethnographic and Historically Recorded Dentalium Source Locations Author: Andrew John Barton Name October 14, 1994 Date This study reviews and examines historic and ethnographic written documents that identify locations where Dentaliurn shells were procured by west coast Native North Americans. -
Macuina Jefe De Nutka
Macuina Jefe de Nutka By Tomas de Suria This engraving depicts the Mowachaht leader, Maquinna, wearing a woven hat decorated with whaling scenes and a cedar bark cape trimmed in fur, both of which indicate his elite status. The Mowachaht were one of the smaller bands of Native Americans who made up the Nuu-Chah-Nulth (Nootka).The original drawing was made by the artist Tomás de Suría, who was one of the official artists assigned to Spanish explorer Alejandro Malaspina’s expedition to Alaska in 1791. Suría’s images, drawn during the expedition’s 16-day stay at Nootka Sound, are among the best depictions of eighteenth-century Indian life on the Pacific Northwest Coast. The strict hierarchical structure of the Nuu-Chah-Nulth culture was divided into three tiers—an elite ruling class, a class of commoners, and a slave class comprised primarily of captives taken in battle. In this society, hereditary leaders such as Maquinna controlled and distributed every available resource in their home region. In return for granting access to resource sites such as fishing grounds, the headman received tribute from both his villagers and outsiders. It was this tradition of reciprocity that placed Maquinna at the center of Indian and Euro-American relations in the Nootka Sound region. Maquinna was culturally positioned to assume the role of middleman between the newcomers and natives, and as such his power and prestige increased accordingly. Even more important, he was able to use this newfound power to assert himself over neighboring tribes that wanted access to European trade goods. -
Uvic Thesis Template
‗That Immense and Dangerous Sea‘: Spanish Imperial Policy and Power During the Exploration of the Salish Sea, 1790-1791. by Devon Drury BA, University of Victoria, 2007 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History Devon Drury, 2010 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee ‗That Immense and Dangerous Sea‘: Spanish Imperial Policy and Power During the Exploration of the Salish Sea, 1790-1791. by Devon Drury BA, University of Victoria, 2007 Supervisory Committee Dr. John Lutz, Department of History Supervisor Dr. Eric W. Sager, Department of History Departmental Member Dr. Patrick A. Dunae, Department of History Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. John Lutz, Department of History Supervisor Dr. Eric W. Sager, Department of History Departmental Member Dr. Patrick A. Dunae, Department of History Departmental Member In the years between 1789 and 1792 the shores of what is now British Columbia were opened to European scrutiny by a series of mostly Spanish expeditions. As the coastline was charted and explored by agents of European empires, the Pacific Northwest captured the attention of Europe. In order to carry out these explorations the Spanish relied on what turned out to be an experiment in ‗gentle‘ imperialism that depended on the support of the indigenous ―colonized‖. This thesis examines how the Spanish envisioned their imperial space on the Northwest Coast and particularly how that space was shaped through the exploration of the Salish Sea. -
VIOLENCE, CAPTIVITY, and COLONIALISM on the NORTHWEST COAST, 1774-1846 by IAN S. URREA a THESIS Pres
“OUR PEOPLE SCATTERED:” VIOLENCE, CAPTIVITY, AND COLONIALISM ON THE NORTHWEST COAST, 1774-1846 by IAN S. URREA A THESIS Presented to the University of Oregon History Department and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts September 2019 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Ian S. Urrea Title: “Our People Scattered:” Violence, Captivity, and Colonialism on the Northwest Coast, 1774-1846 This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the History Department by: Jeffrey Ostler Chairperson Ryan Jones Member Brett Rushforth Member and Janet Woodruff-Borden Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2019 ii © 2019 Ian S. Urrea iii THESIS ABSTRACT Ian S. Urrea Master of Arts University of Oregon History Department September 2019 Title: “Our People Scattered:” Violence, Captivity, and Colonialism on the Northwest Coast, 1774-1846” This thesis interrogates the practice, economy, and sociopolitics of slavery and captivity among Indigenous peoples and Euro-American colonizers on the Northwest Coast of North America from 1774-1846. Through the use of secondary and primary source materials, including the private journals of fur traders, oral histories, and anthropological analyses, this project has found that with the advent of the maritime fur trade and its subsequent evolution into a land-based fur trading economy, prolonged interactions between Euro-American agents and Indigenous peoples fundamentally altered the economy and practice of Native slavery on the Northwest Coast. -
Geopolitics and Environment in the Sea Otter Trade
UC Merced UC Merced Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Soft gold and the Pacific frontier: geopolitics and environment in the sea otter trade Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03g4f31t Author Ravalli, Richard John Publication Date 2009 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California 1 Introduction Covering over one-third of the earth‘s surface, the Pacific Basin is one of the richest natural settings known to man. As the globe‘s largest and deepest body of water, it stretches roughly ten thousand miles north to south from the Bering Straight to the Antarctic Circle. Much of its continental rim from Asia to the Americas is marked by coastal mountains and active volcanoes. The Pacific Basin is home to over twenty-five thousand islands, various oceanic temperatures, and a rich assortment of plants and animals. Its human environment over time has produced an influential civilizations stretching from Southeast Asia to the Pre-Columbian Americas.1 An international agreement currently divides the Pacific at the Diomede Islands in the Bering Strait between Russia to the west and the United States to the east. This territorial demarcation symbolizes a broad array of contests and resolutions that have marked the region‘s modern history. Scholars of Pacific history often emphasize the lure of natural bounty for many of the first non-natives who ventured to Pacific waters. In particular, hunting and trading for fur bearing mammals receives a significant amount of attention, perhaps no species receiving more than the sea otter—originally distributed along the coast from northern Japan, the Kuril Islands and the Kamchatka peninsula, east toward the Aleutian Islands and the Alaskan coastline, and south to Baja California. -
Voyages to Hawaii Before 1860
Voyages to Hawaii before 1860 Voyages to Hawaii before 1860 A Record, Based on Historical Narratives in the Libraries of the Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society and The Hawaiian Historical Society, Extended to March 1860 BERNICE JUDD enlarged and edited by HELEN YONGE LIND THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF HAWAII for HAWAIIAN MISSION CHILDREN’S SOCIETY Honolulu Open Access edition funded by the National En- dowment for the Humanities / Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Licensed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 In- ternational (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits readers to freely download and share the work in print or electronic format for non-commercial purposes, so long as credit is given to the au- thor. Derivative works and commercial uses require permission from the publisher. For details, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. The Cre- ative Commons license described above does not apply to any material that is separately copyrighted. Open Access ISBNs: 9780824883928 (PDF) 9780824883935 (EPUB) This version created: 5 September, 2019 Please visit www.hawaiiopen.org for more Open Access works from University of Hawai‘i Press. This edition is a revision of that originally published in 1929 by the Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society. Copyright © 1974 by The University Press of Hawaii All rights reserved IN MEMORY OF BERNICE JUDD The earlier edition of this book, published in 1929, was written by Bernice Judd. She kept two interleaved copies in which she noted further entries during her thirty-three years’ work in the Hawaiian Mission Children’s Society library.