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Canadian Arctic Through-Flow 2012 Cruise to Nares Strait
Canadian Arctic Through-flow 2012 Cruise to Nares Strait CCGS Henry Larsen August 2-17, 2012 Institute of Ocean Sciences Cruise 2012-20 Humfrey Melling – Chief Scientist Fisheries & Oceans Canada Collaborating Institutions: Institute of Ocean Sciences, University of Delaware, Oxford University, Danish Technical University, Scottish Association for Marine Science 1 Cover photo, courtesy of Jason Box: View looking south across the Petermann ice shelf towards Joe Island, Kennedy Channel and Ellesmere Island at the horizon. Note the small ice-shelf fragments in the foreground and cracks within the protruding lobe of the ice . The photograph taken in 2009, before the large ice islands calved from the shelf in August 2010 and again in July 2012. 2 Report on the Scientific Cruise of CCGS Henry Larsen, August 2012 Canadian Arctic Through-flow CCGS Henry Larsen in Nares Strait August 2-17, 2012 Overview The Canadian Arctic Through-flow (CAT) study embodies ten years’ effort within Canada and the international community to measure flows of seawater and ice through the Canadian Archipelago, between the Arctic and the Atlantic Oceans. CATs is the outgrowth of a pilot effort, the Arctic Canada Watch, established in 1997. Moorings enabling year-round measurements were first placed in western Lancaster Sound and Cardigan Strait in 1998. These carried instruments to measure current, temperature and salinity and utilized innovations to address the unique challenges of observing: 1) current direction near the geomagnetic pole; 2) salinity within the hazardous 30-m zone beneath drifting ice pack. These early installations have been maintained and augmented since 1998. In 2003, a large array of instruments was installed across the third principal path for Canadian Arctic through-flow, Nares Strait. -
Application Exempt Pursuant to NLCA 12
NIRB File No.: 05AN089 Previous CWS File Nos.: NUN-MBS-14-10, NUN-NWA-14-06 Previous PC File Nos.: QNP-2008-C25108 DFO File No.: NU-07-0045 The Honourable Leona Aglukkaq Minister of Environment Government of Canada c/o Mia Pelletier, A/Habitat Specialist Canadian Wildlife Services P.O. Box 1870 Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0 Sent via email: [email protected]; [email protected] Re: Application Exempt from the Requirement for Screening pursuant to Section 12.4.3 of the NLCA: Quark Expeditions’ “Quark Canadian Arctic 2015” Project, Kitikmeot and Qikiqtani (North and South Baffin) Regions Dear Mia Pelletier: On April 16, 2015 the Nunavut Impact Review Board (NIRB or Board) received an application from the Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS) for a new CWS Bird Sanctuary permit and CWS National Wildlife Area permit for Quark Expeditions’ “Quark Canadian Arctic 2015” project proposal. On April 24, 2015 the NIRB received a positive conformity determination (North Baffin Regional Land Use Plan) from the Nunavut Planning Commission for this file. Please be advised that the original project proposal (NIRB File No.: 05AN089) was received by the NIRB from the CWS on May 30, 2005 and was screened in accordance with Part 4, Article 12 of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (NLCA). On July 6, 2005 the NIRB issued a NLCA 12.4.4(a) screening decision to the Minister of Environment, Government of Canada, which indicated that the proposed project could proceed subject to the NIRB’s recommended project- specific terms and conditions. On April 25, 2008 the NIRB received an application for an amendment and renewal from the CWS to Quark Expeditions’ National Wildlife Area entry permit and a new CWS Bird Sanctuary permit for the above mentioned project. -
Research Cruise Report: Mission HLY031
Research Cruise Report: Mission HLY031 Conducted aboard USCGC Healy In Northern Baffi n Bay and Nares Strait 21 July –16 August 2003 Project Title: Variability and Forcing of Fluxes through Nares Strait and Jones Sound: A Freshwater Emphasis Sponsored by the US National Science Foundation, Offi ce of Polar Programs, Arctic Division Table of Contents Introduction by Chief Scientist . 4 Science Program Summary . 6 Science Party List . 7 Crew List . 8 Science Component Reports CTD-Rosette Hydrography . 9 Internally recording CTD . 29 Kennedy Channel Moorings . 33 Pressure Array . 41 Shipboard ADCP . 47 Bi-valve Retrieval . 51 Coring . 55 Seabeam Mapping . 65 Aviation Science Report . 71 Ice Report . 79 Weather Summary . 91 Inuit Perspective . 95 Photojournalist Perspective . 101. Website Log . 105 Chief Scientist Log . 111 Recommendations . .125 Introduction Dr. Kelly Kenison Falkner Chief Scientist Oregon State University In the very early hours of July 17, 2003, I arrived at collected via the ship’s Seabeam system and the underway the USCGC Healy moored at the fueling pier in St. John’s thermosalinograph system was put to good use throughout Newfoundland, Canada to assume my role as chief scientist much of the cruise. for an ambitious interdisciplinary mission to Northern Part of our success can be attributed to luck with Mother Baffi n Bay and Nares St. This research cruise constitutes Nature. Winds and ice worked largely in our favor as we the inaugural fi eld program of a fi ve year collaborative wound our way northward. Our winds were generally research program entitled Variability and Forcing of moderate and out of the south and the ice normal to light. -
The Struggle for Hans Island and the Potential Ramifications for International Border Disupute Resolution , 30 B.C
Boston College International and Comparative Law Review Volume 30 Issue 1 Sharpening the Cutting Edge of International Article 16 Human Rights Law: Unresolved Issues of War Crimes Tribunals 12-1-2007 Hans Off!: The trS uggle for Hans Island and the Potential Ramifications for International Border Disupute Resolution Christopher Stevenson Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Christopher Stevenson, Hans Off!: The Struggle for Hans Island and the Potential Ramifications for International Border Disupute Resolution , 30 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 263 (2007), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol30/iss1/16 This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HANS OFF!: THE STRUGGLE FOR HANS ISLAND AND THE POTENTIAL RAMIFICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL BORDER DISPUTE RESOLUTION Christopher Stevenson* Abstract: As global warming continues to warm the Arctic seas, more of the Arctic is free of ice for longer periods. The possibilities for exploita- tion of natural resources and for control over Northern shipping lanes have prompted countries’ renewed interest in their competing claims to the region. Recently, Denmark and Canada have clashed over their com- peting claims to a small, uninhabitable rock known as Hans Island. While this island may not seem signiªcant, the eventual resolution of this border dispute may have widespread ramiªcations for the resolution of interna- tional conºicts in other remote, uninhabited areas. -
Re-Evaluation of Strike-Slip Displacements Along and Bordering Nares Strait
Polarforschung 74 (1-3), 129 – 160, 2004 (erschienen 2006) In Search of the Wegener Fault: Re-Evaluation of Strike-Slip Displacements Along and Bordering Nares Strait by J. Christopher Harrison1 Abstract: A total of 28 geological-geophysical markers are identified that lich der Bache Peninsula und Linksseitenverschiebungen am Judge-Daly- relate to the question of strike slip motions along and bordering Nares Strait. Störungssystem (70 km) und schließlich die S-, später SW-gerichtete Eight of the twelve markers, located within the Phanerozoic orogen of Kompression des Sverdrup-Beckens (100 + 35 km). Die spätere Deformation Kennedy Channel – Robeson Channel region, permit between 65 and 75 km wird auf die Rotation (entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn) und ausweichende West- of sinistral offset on the Judge Daly Fault System (JDFS). In contrast, eight of drift eines semi-rigiden nördlichen Ellesmere-Blocks während der Kollision nine markers located in Kane Basin, Smith Sound and northern Baffin Bay mit der Grönlandplatte zurückgeführt. indicate no lateral displacement at all. Especially convincing is evidence, presented by DAMASKE & OAKEY (2006), that at least one basic dyke of Neoproterozoic age extends across Smith Sound from Inglefield Land to inshore eastern Ellesmere Island without any recognizable strike slip offset. INTRODUCTION These results confirm that no major sinistral fault exists in southern Nares Strait. It is apparent to both earth scientists and the general public To account for the absence of a Wegener Fault in most parts of Nares Strait, that the shape of both coastlines and continental margins of the present paper would locate the late Paleocene-Eocene Greenland plate boundary on an interconnected system of faults that are 1) traced through western Greenland and eastern Arctic Canada provide for a Jones Sound in the south, 2) lie between the Eurekan Orogen and the Precam- satisfactory restoration of the opposing lands. -
Geographical Report of the Crocker Land Expedition, 1913-1917
5.083 (701) Article VL-GEOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF THE CROCKER LAND EXPEDITION, 1913-1917. BY DONALD B. MACMILLAN CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION......................................................... 379 SLEDGE TRIP ON NORTH POLAR SEA, SPRING, 1914 .......................... 384 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS-ON NORTH POLAR SEA, 1914 ................ 401 ETAH TO POLAR SEA AND RETURN-MARCH AVERAGES .............. ........ 404 WINTER AND SPRING WORK, 1915-1916 ............. ......................... 404 SPRING WORK OF 1917 .................................... ............ 418 GENERAL SUMMARY ....................................................... 434 INTRODUCTJON The following report embraces the geographical work accomplished by the Crocker Land Expedition during -four years (Summer, 19.13, to Summer, 1917) spent at Etah, NortJaGreenland. Mr. Ekblaw, who was placed in charge of the 1916 expeditin, will present a separate report. The results of the expedition, naturally, depended upon the loca tion of its headquarters. The enforced selection of Etah, North Green- land, seriously handicapped the work of the expedition from start to finish, while the. expenses of the party were more than doubled. The. first accident, the grounding of the Diana upon the coast of Labrador, was a regrettable adventure. The consequent delay, due to unloading, chartering, and reloading, resulted in such a late arrival at Etah that our plans were disarranged. It curtailed in many ways the eageimess of the men to reach their objective point at the head of Flagler Bay, te proposed site of the winter quarters. The leader and his party being but passengers upon a chartered ship was another handicap, since the captain emphatically declared that he would not steam across Smith Sound. There was but one decision to be made, namely: to land upon the North Greenland shore within striking distance of Cape Sabine. -
Arctic Change and Coastal Communities: Overview of The
ARCTIC VOL. 61, SUPPL. 1 (2008) P. iii–xi Arctic Change and Coastal Communities: Overview of the Coastal Zone Canada Conference, Tuktoyaktuk, August 2006 JACK MATHIAS,1 BURTON AYLES,2 SHERRIE BLAKNEY,3 TONY CHARLES,4 HELEN FAST5 and PETER IRNIQ6 INTRODUCTION • support Canada’s sovereignty commitments in the Arc- tic, while broadening the definition of security to in- This special issue of Arctic represents the output from a clude social and environmental security as well as conference sponsored by the Coastal Zone Canada Asso- defense; ciation and organized in large part by Fisheries and Oceans • support Canada’s Oceans Action Plan and encourage its Canada. A number of sponsors (see Acknowledgements) continuation in all three oceans; also contributed to the success of the conference. The • enhance human adaptation to the changing climate of conference, entitled “Arctic Change and Coastal Commu- the North through youth education, respect for tradi- nities,” was held from 12 to 16 August 2006 in the town of tional knowledge, and increased understanding of Tuktoyaktuk in the western Canadian Arctic. This over- change; view was compiled from statements made at the confer- • create an Oceans and Coastal Council of Canada to ence by presenters and participants and does not necessarily inform people about Canada’s progress in ocean and represent the views of the authors. coastal management; and • support the International Polar Year (IPY), linking local, regional, and international initiatives in Arctic INTENT OF THE CONFERENCE ocean management. The primary intent of the conference was to bring A third intent of the conference was to provide a venue— together government people, university people, and Inuit the “Northern Forum”—in which northern participants and Inuvialuit people from across the Canadian Arctic to could voice their concerns regarding Arctic marine policy talk about the rapid changes being witnessed in Arctic (Blakney, 2008). -
Atlantic Walrus Odobenus Rosmarus Rosmarus
COSEWIC Assessment and Update Status Report on the Atlantic Walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada SPECIAL CONCERN 2006 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and update status report on the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. ix + 65 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Previous reports: COSEWIC 2000. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (Northwest Atlantic Population and Eastern Arctic Population) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 23 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Richard, P. 1987. COSEWIC status report on the Atlantic walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus (Northwest Atlantic Population and Eastern Arctic Population) in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-23 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge D.B. Stewart for writing the status report on the Atlantic Walrus Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada, overseen and edited by Andrew Trites, Co-chair, COSEWIC Marine Mammals Species Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la situation du morse de l'Atlantique (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) au Canada – Mise à jour. -
Master Thesis 2018 Nikoleta
HANS ISLAND CASE A territorial dispute in the Arctic Master thesis Bc. Nikoleta Maria Hornackova Supervisor: Ane Bislev Development and International Relations Specialization: Arctic studies May 2018 Abstract As the ice cap in the Arctic region melts, new opportunities and challenges arise. The shipping routes through the North become more and more accessible. Also, the technological advancement makes the vision of Northern resources exploitation feasible. As a result of climate change consequences, the geopolitical interest for the Arctic region has increased rapidly. The Arctic states strive to divide the region among themselves like a piece of cake. The High North territories represent new sources of economic power in form of natural resources and control over shipping routes. Although, the UNCLOS sets binding rules for the maritime activities and definitions of maritime zones, it is not sufficient enough to solve certain disputes over overlapping territorial claims of the adjacent countries in the Arctic. This thesis focuses on the case of Hans Island. The latter is a barren island in the Nares Strait, a rather narrow waterway between Canada and Denmark (Greenland). Both of the countries have the same rights to claim the island under the UNCLOS provisions. A territorial dispute over Hans Island lasts already for decades. The paper analyses why the dispute has so long-lasting character, even though Canada and Denmark have a good international relation between them. To provide the analysis, the arguments have been formulated based on the principles of neorealism and neoliberalism. The findings revealed that Hans Island had not caused any military conflict so far and it appears to be highly unlikely for the future too, given the friendly relations and multiple cooperation of the disputing parties. -
Chances for Arctic Survival: Greely's Expedition Revisited
ARCTIC VOL. 55, NO. 4 (DECEMBER 2002) P. 373–379 Chances for Arctic Survival: Greely’s Expedition Revisited JAN MARCIN W¢S¸AWSKI1,2 and JOANNA LEGE˚Y¡SKA1 (Received 12 April 2001; accepted in revised form 5 February 2002) ABSTRACT. A.W. Greely’s historic starvation camp of 1883–84 was revisited from April to June 1998. Our study revealed that the “sea fleas” reported to be the salvation of the expedition survivors were lysianassoid crustaceans Onisimus edwardsi. Expedition diaries reveal that the seven survivors of the 25-member expedition accumulated a huge energy deficit from October 1883 to June 1884. We estimate that their food supply (ship’s rations, sparse game, and over 500 kg of carrion-feeding crustaceans collected in spring 1884) added up to about 4.8 million kcal. The minimal energy requirement of the group (5725 man/days and 1200 kcal/person/day) was 6.8 million kcal. The additional 2.0 million kcal might have been obtained from the bodies of victims. Without cannibalism, it seems unlikely that anyone, having attained an individual energy deficit of over 86000 kcal before the rescue in June 1884, could have survived. Key words: Arctic history, Ellesmere Island, amphipods RÉSUMÉ. D’avril à juin 1998, on est retournés sur le site du campement de A. W. Greely qui, en 1883-1884, connut une famine historique. Notre étude révèle que les «puces de mer» auxquelles les survivants de l’expédition auraient dû leur salut étaient en fait des crustacés lysianassoïdes Onisimus edwardsi. Les journaux de l’expédition révèlent que, d’octobre 1883 à juin 1884, les 7 survivants de l’expédition, qui comprenait au départ 25 individus, accumulèrent un énorme déficit énergétique. -
""Great Game in a Cold Climate": Canada's Arctic Sovereignty In
THE GREAT WHITE NORTH THE GREAT CMJ collection The Canadian Forces Northern Area (CFNA) area of responsibility. “GREAT GAME IN A COLD CLIMATE”: CANADA’S ARCTIC SOVEREIGNTY IN QUESTION by Lieutenant-Commander Guy Killaby Introduction and Background delivered a note of protest to the Canadian ambassador in Copenhagen. However, by mid-August, the threat of the uring the summer of 2005, Canadians were again matter escalating to further mutual naval inspections had D witnesses to a vivid – if periodic – demonstration of subsided, and the two governments renewed their their government’s commitment to Arctic sovereignty. commitment to further negotiations over title to Hans Island. In July, a diplomatic row was sparked by two helicopter visits by the Canadian Forces to Hans Island. Hans Island is On their face, the negotiations are concerned with a dollop of stone slightly larger than a square kilometre that the narrow question of national title over Hans Island and sits astride the median between Greenland and Ellesmere the 1000 metres of water that surrounds it. The issue of Island in the Nares Strait, and Exercise Frozen Beaver was in ownership of Hans Island – inconsequential on its own – had apparent response to the commencement of annual Danish been left unresolved by the 1973 agreement between Canada naval visits in 2002. Besides delivering a plaque and and Denmark, delimiting the continental shelf boundary replacing a Danish flag with a Canadian flag, the between the Canadian eastern Arctic islands and Greenland.1 participating Rangers and aircrew constructed an Inuit However, with the passage of 30 years, the tectonic changes stone marker known as an inukshuk. -
Sovereignty Over Land and Sea in the Arctic Area
Agenda Internacional Año XXIII N° 34, 2016, pp. 169-196 ISSN 1027-6750 Sovereignty over Land and Sea in the Arctic Area Tullio Scovazzi* Abstract The paper reviews the claims over land and waters in the Arctic area. While almost all the disputes over land have today been settled, several questions relating to law of the sea are still pending. They regard straight baselines, navigation in ice-covered areas, transit through inter- national straits, the outer limit of the continental shelf beyond 200 n.m. and delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between opposite or adjacent States. Keywords: straight baselines, navigation in ice-covered areas, transit passage in international straits, external limit of the continental shelf, exclusive economic zone La soberanía sobre tierra y mar en el área ártica Resumen El artículo examina los reclamos sobre el suelo y las aguas en el Ártico. Mientras que casi todas las disputas sobre el suelo han sido resueltas al día de hoy, aún quedan pendientes muchas cuestiones relativas al derecho del mar. Ellas están referidas a las líneas de base rectas, la navegación en las zonas cubiertas de hielo, el paso en tránsito en estrechos internacionales, el límite externo de la plataforma continental más allá de las 200 millas náu- ticas, y la delimitación de la zona económica exclusiva entre Estados adyacentes u opuestos. Palabras clave: Líneas de base rectas, navegación en zonas cubiertas de hielo, paso en tránsito en los estrechos internacionales, límite externo de la plataforma continental, zona económica exclusiva. * Professor of International Law, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.