Estonia's Third Report
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What You Need to Know If You Are Applying for Estonian Citizenship
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW IF YOU ARE APPLYING FOR ESTONIAN CITIZENSHIP Published with the support of the Integration and Migration Foundation Our People and the Estonian Ministry of Culture Compiled by Andres Ääremaa, Anzelika Valdre, Toomas Hiio and Dmitri Rõbakov Edited by Kärt Jänes-Kapp Photographs by (p. 5) Office of the President; (p. 6) Koolibri archive; (p. 7) Koolibri archive; (p. 8) Estonian Literary Museum; (p. 9) Koolibri archive, Estonian National Museum; (p. 10) Koolibri archive; (p. 11) Koolibri archive, Estonian Film Archives; (p. 12) Koolibri archive, Wikipedia; (p. 13) Estonian Film Archives / E. Järve, Estonian National Museum; (p. 14) Estonian Film Archives / Verner Puhm, Estonian Film Archives / Harald Lepikson; (p. 15) Estonian Film Archives / Harald Lepikson; (p. 16) Koolibri archive; (p. 17) Koolibri archive; (p. 19) Office of the Minister for Population Affairs / Anastassia Raznotovskaja; (p. 21) Koolibri archive; (p. 22) PM / Scanpix / Ove Maidla; (p. 23) PM / Scanpix / Margus Ansu, Koolibri archive; (p. 24) PM / Scanpix / Mihkel Maripuu; (p. 25) Koolibri archive; (p. 26) PM / Scanpix / Raigo Pajula; (p. 29) Virumaa Teataja / Scanpix / Arvet Mägi; (p. 30) Koolibri archive; (p. 31) Koolibri archive; (p. 32) Koolibri archive; (p. 33) Sakala / Scanpix / Elmo Riig; (p. 24) PM / Scanpix / Mihkel Maripuu; (p. 35) Scanpix / Henn Soodla; (p. 36) PM / Scanpix / Peeter Langovits; (p. 38) PM / Scanpix / Liis Treimann, PM / Scanpix / Toomas Huik, Scanpix / Presshouse / Kalev Lilleorg; (p. 41) PM / Scanpix / Peeter Langovits; (p. 42) Koolibri archive; (p. 44) Sakala / Scanpix / Elmo Riig; (p. 45) Virumaa Teataja / Scanpix / Tairo Lutter; (p. 46) Koolibri archive; (p. 47) Scanpix / Presshouse / Ado Luud; (p. -
The “Humanitarian Dimension” of Russian Foreign Policy TOWARD GEORGIA, Moldova, Ukraine, and the Baltic States
THe “HUMANITARIAN DIMENSION” OF RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, UKRAINE, AND THE BALTIC StATES The 2nd, supplementary edition Riga, 2010 EDK: 327(470) The 2nd, supplementary edition Hu 451 This book is work of six think tanks from Baltic States, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. Centre for East European Policy Studies (Latvia) had a leading role in the im- plementation of this research project. Contributors include the International Centre for Defence Studies (Estonia), the Centre for Geopolitical Studies (Lithuania), the School for Policy Analysis at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Ukraine), the Foreign Policy Association of Moldova (Moldova), and the International Centre for Geopolitical Studies (Georgia). The research project was implemented with the support of the Konrad Ad- enauer Foundation and of the East - East: Partnership Beyond Borders Program of the Soros Foundation – Latvia. Editor: Gatis Pelnēns Project Director: Andis Kudors Authors of the study: Juhan Kivirähk, Nerijus Maliukevičius, Dmytro Kon- dratenko, Olexandr Yeremeev, Radu Vrabie, Nana Devdariani, Mariam Tsatsanash- vili, Nato Bachiashvili, Tengiz Pkhaladze, Gatis Pelnēns, Andis Kudors, Mārtiņš Pa- parinskis, Ainārs Dimants, Ainārs Lerhis. English translation editor: Rihards Kalniņš Design of the cover and layout: Toms Deģis © Authors of the study (text), 2010 © Centre for East European Policy Studies, International Centre for Defence Studies, Centre for Geopolitical Studies, School for Policy Analysis at the National university of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Foreign Policy Association of Moldova, Interna- tional Centre for Geopolitical Studies, 2010 © SIA Apgāds Mantojums (design concept), 2010 ISBN: 978-9984-39-989-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface to Second Edition . 8 4.4.2. Russian Support of Compatriots Living in Lithuania . -
Hiis Sites in the Research History of Estonian Sacred Places
HIIS SITES IN THE RESEARCH HISTORY OF ESTONIAN SACRED PLACES Tõnno Jonuks Abstract: The article gives an overview of the history of research of holy places which are called hiis in Estonia from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 21st century. The emphasis of the study is on academic treatments on the sub- ject, and the article analyses the main research problems. The concept of hiis has been discussed to a lesser degree in the context of national ideology and identity, which nevertheless has left an important mark on academic studies. Key words: hiis, history of research, holy grove, natural holy place Sacred natural places, among which hiis sites (further on the semantics of the Estonian word hiis, see below) form the best known and the most thoroughly investigated part, and which are the most important archaeological places con- nected with Estonian religion, have started to attract multifarious scientific interest only recently (e.g., Remmel 1998; Jonuks 2007; Kütt 2007; Valk 2007a, b, c). Although pagan sanctuaries have been the object of research for the clergy, politicians and historians already since the 18th century, more gen- eral and analytical studies are still lacking. The study of similar sites leaves much to be desired not only in Estonia, but natural holy places have emerged as subject of research during the past few years in the neighbouring countries as well (Bradley 2000, Brink 2001, Vaitkevičius 2004, Urtāns 2008). Despite the paucity of academic studies there has been a long history of the treatment of hiis places and other non-Christian sites in Estonia, especially in the context of national identity. -
Country Report Estonia an Entry Point Into the EU Labour Market
Co-funded by the European Union FONDAZIONE ISMU INIZIATIVE E STUDI SULLA MULTIETNICITÀ Country Report Estonia An Entry Point into the EU Labour Market by Tiit Tammaru , Eneli Kindsiko, Kristina Kallas, Rebekka Vedina, Kristiina Kamenik and Maaja Vadi 2015 1 Co-funded by the European Union COUNTRY REPORT ESTONIA An Entry Point into the EU Labour Market By Tiit Tammaru (country co-ordinator), Eneli Kindsiko, Kristina Kallas, Rebekka Vedina, Kristiina Kamenik and Maaja Vadi University of Tartu Estonia Country Report – An Entry Point into the EU Labour Market 2 Estonia Country Report – An Entry Point into the EU Labour Market 3 Co-funded by the European Union The European approach to immigration is traditionally characterized by a sort of “schizophrenia”, generated by the attempt to keep together two contradictory philosophies: the “economicistic” philosophy on which the system of entry (and stay) is regulated and the philosophy of solidarity and equal opportunities. To overcome this paradox, three major changes are necessary: shifting from the perception of migrants as contingently instrumental resources to the conception of their human capital as a structural resource for the economic and social development of European societies by exploiting their skills, knowledges and competences (hereafter SKC); promoting a wider awareness, among different types of organizations (profit, non-profit and public), of the importance and potentialities of Diversity Management strategies; improving the social participation and the civic and voluntary engagement of Third Country Nationals (hereafter TCNs) in view of the construction of an inclusive European society and in order to change the common perception of immigrants as people needing to be helped and assisted. -
Euromosaic III Touches Upon Vital Interests of Individuals and Their Living Conditions
Research Centre on Multilingualism at the KU Brussel E U R O M O S A I C III Presence of Regional and Minority Language Groups in the New Member States * * * * * C O N T E N T S Preface INTRODUCTION 1. Methodology 1.1 Data sources 5 1.2 Structure 5 1.3 Inclusion of languages 6 1.4 Working languages and translation 7 2. Regional or Minority Languages in the New Member States 2.1 Linguistic overview 8 2.2 Statistic and language use 9 2.3 Historical and geographical aspects 11 2.4 Statehood and beyond 12 INDIVIDUAL REPORTS Cyprus Country profile and languages 16 Bibliography 28 The Czech Republic Country profile 30 German 37 Polish 44 Romani 51 Slovak 59 Other languages 65 Bibliography 73 Estonia Country profile 79 Russian 88 Other languages 99 Bibliography 108 Hungary Country profile 111 Croatian 127 German 132 Romani 138 Romanian 143 Serbian 148 Slovak 152 Slovenian 156 Other languages 160 Bibliography 164 i Latvia Country profile 167 Belorussian 176 Polish 180 Russian 184 Ukrainian 189 Other languages 193 Bibliography 198 Lithuania Country profile 200 Polish 207 Russian 212 Other languages 217 Bibliography 225 Malta Country profile and linguistic situation 227 Poland Country profile 237 Belorussian 244 German 248 Kashubian 255 Lithuanian 261 Ruthenian/Lemkish 264 Ukrainian 268 Other languages 273 Bibliography 277 Slovakia Country profile 278 German 285 Hungarian 290 Romani 298 Other languages 305 Bibliography 313 Slovenia Country profile 316 Hungarian 323 Italian 328 Romani 334 Other languages 337 Bibliography 339 ii PREFACE i The European Union has been called the “modern Babel”, a statement that bears witness to the multitude of languages and cultures whose number has remarkably increased after the enlargement of the Union in May of 2004. -
The OSCE Mission to Estonia and Its Balance Sheet 1993 - 1999
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eDoc.VifaPol Half Full or Half Empty? The OSCE Mission to Estonia and its Balance Sheet 1993 - 1999 Hanne-Margret Birckenbach ECMI Working Paper # 6 February 2000 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor Building) D-24939 Flensburg . Germany % +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper #6 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Deputy / Acting Director: François Grin © European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) 2000. ISSN 1435-9812 The European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) is a non-partisan institution founded in 1996 by the Governments of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the German State of Schleswig-Holstein. ECMI was established in Flensburg, at the heart of the Danish-German border region, in order to draw from the encouraging example of peaceful coexistence between minorities and majorities achieved here. ECMI’s aim is to promote interdisciplinary research on issues related to minorities and majorities in a European perspective and to contribute to the improvement of inter-ethnic relations in those parts of Western and Eastern Europe where ethnopolitical tension and conflict prevail. ECMI Working Papers are written either by the staff of ECMI or by outside authors commissioned by the Centre. As ECMI does not propagate opinions of its own, the views expressed in any of its publications are the sole responsibility of the author concerned. -
Religion in the Public Education System of Bulgaria
uropéenne Union e ’ l ans État d ’ THE MUTUAL ROLES OF RELIGION AND STATE IN EUROPE des religions et de l et religions des INTERFÉRENCES MUTUELLES utuelles DES RELIGIONS ET DE L’ÉTAT DANS L’UNION EUROPÉENNE The Mutual Roles Religion in Europe and State Mutual of The m Interférences Edited by BALÁZS SCHANDA CHANDA ISBN 978-3-9814926-2-0 S ZS ZS Á AL B This book is dedicated to Professor em. Enrico Vitali University of Milan, Italy This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, re- printing, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction by pho- tocopying machine or similar means and storage in data banks. © 2014 European Consortium for Church and State Research http://www.churchstate.eu/ 2nd edition – Printed in Trier, Germany ISBN 978-3-9814926-2-0 THE MUTUAL ROLES OF RELIGION AND STATE IN EUROPE INTERFÉRENCES MUTUELLES DES RELIGIONS ET DE L’ÉTAT DANS L’UNION EUROPÉENNE Proceedings of the 24rd Congress of the European Consortium for Church and State Research Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 8 – 11 November 2012 Edited by BALÁZS SCHANDA Published by the Institute for European Constitutional Law, University of Trier, on behalf of the European Consortium for Church and State Research 2014 CONTENTS – SOMMAIRE PREFACE Balázs Schanda ................................................................... 7 NATIONAL REPORTS – THE MUTUAL ROLES OF RELIGION AND STATE IN: Austria Richard Potz and Brigitte Schinkele ....................... 9 Cyprus Achilles Emilianides................................................ 25 Czech Republic Jiří Rajmund Tretera and Záboj Horák ..... 33 Estonia Merilin Kiviorg ...................................................... -
The Spiritual Folksongs of Cyrillus Kreek Laney Mcclain Armstrong A
“Now sing from the mouth and from the heart”: The Spiritual Folksongs of Cyrillus Kreek Laney McClain Armstrong A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts University of Washington 2013 Reading Committee: Geoffrey Boers, Chair Giselle Wyers Áine Heneghan Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Music – Choral Conducting ©Copyright 2013 Laney McClain Armstrong 1 Introduction Estonia is a country with a rich history full of music, singing, and ancient traditions. As a country that has been occupied and heavily influenced by a variety of different governments and cultures throughout Europe, Estonia’s rich and ancient history is infused with traditions from a variety of cultures. German, Swedish, Russian, and other Baltic traditions permeate Estonian music, language, and religious practice. During a national cultural awakening in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, musical scholars began to collect and document a variety of different folk traditions as part of the process of creating a national identity for Estonia. This process is parallel to the movements pioneered by Zoltan Kolday, Bela Bartok, and other nationalists who used the folk songs and folk traditions of their people to help create a national identity and integrate it into the modern music of their own cultures. The particular role that folksong collection played in the establishment of an Estonian cultural identity and the fight for independence is profound. Among them was the young student Cyrillus Kreek. With his initial education in the folksongs of Estonia as a young student, Kreek went on to champion a particular form of Estonian singing: the spiritual folksong. -
Religion in Public Education La Religion Dans L'éducation Publique
RELIGION IN PUBLIC EDUCATION LA RELIGION DANS L’ÉDUCATION PUBLIQUE Edited by GERHARD ROBBERS To José María González del Valle RELIGION IN PUBLIC EDUCATION LA RELIGION DANS L’ÉDUCATION PUBLIQUE Proceedings of the Conference Trier, 11 – 14 November 2010 Actes du colloque Trèves, 11 – 14 novembre 2010 Edited by GERHARD ROBBERS This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means and storage in data banks. Copyright: European Consortium for Church and State Research http://www.churchstate.eu/ © 2011 Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-00-036029-9 CONTENTS – SOMMAIRE Gerhard Robbers, Preface...................................................... 7 José de Sousa e Brito, General Aspects of Religion and Education in the Secular State ................................... 9 David McClean, Religious Dress and Symbols in Schools ......................................................................... 17 Norman Doe, Religion and Public Schools in the States of the European Union – A Juridical Overview ............... 29 Stefan Hammer / Johannes Franck, Religion in Public Education – Report on Austria .............................. 39 Rik Torfs, Religious Instruction in Public Education in Belgium ........................................................................ 63 Hristo P. Berov, Religion in the Public Education System of Bulgaria -
In Estonia and Latvia the Influence of EU Conditionality and Russia's Activism on M
Understanding the “Conditionality Gap” in Estonia and Latvia The Influence of EU Conditionality and Russia’s Activism on Minority Inclusion By Jennie Schulze B.A. 2001, Boston College A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 31, 2009 Dissertation directed by James G. Goldgeier Professor of Political Science and International Relations The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Jennie Schulze has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of July 2, 2009. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Understanding the “Conditionality Gap” in Estonia and Latvia The Influence of EU Conditionality and Russia’s Activism on Minority Inclusion Jennie Schulze Dissertation Research Committee: James G. Goldgeier, Professor of Political Science and International Relations, Dissertation Director Henry H. Hale, Associate Professor of Political Science and International Relations, Committee Member Zsuzsa Csergo, Associate Professor of Political Studies, Queen’s University, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2009 by Jennie Schulze All rights reserved iii Acknowledgements This dissertation could not have been completed without generous funding from several institutions. Pre-dissertation grants from the American Consortium on EU Studies and the Institute for European, Russian and Eurasian Studies (IERES) were crucial for the early development of the dissertation project. Generous support for field research in Estonia and Latvia was provided by an EU Marie Curie grant in conjunction with The Integration of the European Second Generation (TIES) project. -
The Ukrainian Weekly, 2018
Part 1 of THE YEAR IN REVIEW pages 5-11 THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal W non-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXXVI No. 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 14, 2018 $2.00 Suspect arrested in Nozdrovska murder Freed Luhansk blogger talks RFE/RL’s Ukrainian Service threats for her efforts in the case of Dmytro Rossoshanskyy, the nephew of a district about his love for Ukraine A Ukrainian court has arrested a suspect judge in the Kyiv region. by Mark Raczkiewycz in the killing of activist lawyer Iryna On December 27, 2017, amid efforts by Nozdrovska that sparked public outrage Ms. Nozdrovska to raise public awareness KYIV – In between comments and pic- and underscored concerns about the jus- about the case, judges rejected an appeal tures of his beloved tabby cat on Facebook, tice system in Ukraine. by Mr. Rossoshanskyy to overturn his sev- Eduard Nyedyelaev, 46, would publish criti- The Kyiv region’s Vyshhorod district court en-year prison sentence. cal posts about the Kremlin proxies who on January 9 placed Yuriy Rossoshans kyy, Ukrainian National Deputy Mustafa have occupied Luhansk since April 2014. 64, in custody for 60 days without the possi- Nayyem wrote on Facebook on January 1 that He often employed deeply ironic lan- bility of bail. During the hearing, Mr. Mr. Rossoshanskyy’s father had threatened guage reminiscent of the style that Soviet Rossoshanskyy admitted to the slaying and Ms. Nozdrovska at the December 27 hearing, writers used to avoid censorship. But the said that nobody exerted pressure on him to warning her that she would “end up badly.” subtext was always clear: he didn’t care commit the crime. -
Religion and the Secular State in Estonia
MERILIN KIVIORG Religion and the Secular State in Estonia I. SOCIAL CONTEXT The Lutheran Church has been the largest religious institution in Estonia since the sixteenth century. During the first independence period, which lasted from 1918 to 1940 (before the Soviet occupation), Estonia was more or less religiously homogenous. Most of the population, roughly 76 percent, belonged to the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church.1 The second largest church has been the Estonian Apostolic-Orthodox Church. When Estonia became occupied by the Soviet Union (1940–1942 and 1945–1991) religious life of the country was oppressed and religious freedom was almost non-existent. At the beginning of the 1990s, after regaining independence, Estonia experienced what can be called a “return of the religious,” which was quite common in all Eastern European post-communist societies. This was partly an expression of national identity and partly a reaction to the suppression of individual freedom by the Soviet regime. But the religious enthusiasm caused by independence ended quickly and the extensive growth of membership of religious organizations stopped. Estonia can be considered a highly secularized country today. Most Estonians do not belong formally to any religious organization. According to the last population census from the year 2000, 13.6 percent of the adult population in Estonia considered themselves Lutherans. 2 The majority of the Lutherans are ethnic Estonians. The second largest religious tradition in Estonia is the Orthodox tradition. According to the population census 12.8 percent of the adult population in Estonia considered themselves as Orthodox. However, some new data suggests that the Orthodox community may have grown in numbers and has become a fraction larger than the historically dominant Lutheran church.3 The Orthodox community in Estonia is divided between the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church and the Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate.