DOCSLIB.ORG

Becker, Frederick A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Becker, Frederick A The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project FREDERICK A. BECKER Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: November 16, 2004 Copyri ht 2006 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in issouri; raised in issouri and California Washington College in St. Louis: University of California, Berkeley Claremont Graduate School arriage University of Ne, e-ico; .isiting Asst. Professor 1901 University of Wisconsin, Parkside; Professor 190121903 Entered the Foreign Service 1905 Bucharest, Romania; Rotation Officer 190521900 Environment Security Personnel Partial evacuation 7earth8uake9 President Ford .isit :e,ish emigration Relations .isas Economy Ceausescu regime :ackson2.anik amendment Soviets PLO State Department, FSI; Portuguese language training 190021908 Brasilia, Brazil; Political Officer/Staff Assistant 190821981 Environment Religion ilitary 1 Race relations Government Economy Foreign inistry State Department; Brazil desk officer 198121981 edia Nuclear development Georgeto,n University; International Labor Program 198121982 US Labor ovement State Department, FSI; Spanish language training Auito, Ecuador; Labor Officer 198221985 AID AFL2CIO Institute Labor Organizations AIFLD Social structure Elections Politics Agriculture Political Parties US Interests Environment Economy Panama City, Panama; Regional Labor Officer 198521988 US interest in trade union movement AFL2CIO Noriega Nicolas Barletta SOUTHCO Canal Treaty Environment Trade Unions Family Relations US military Local attitudes re US ,ithdra,al Labor issues Political patronage Torrijos US Ambassadors Drugs 2 Demonstrations US policy re canal US sanctions AID mission e-pelled Canal defense Deterioration of Relations Banking crisis Panama/Canal Cone relations State Department; Romanian Desk Officer 198821991 Family Fall of Berlin Wall East bloc travel restrictions loosened Ceausescu and me Romanian economy Popular revolt Soviets SEED Legislation Romanian environment Peace Corps US Assistance Reforms Elections State Department; Regional Economic Policy, Europe 199121992 COCO igrant labor Labor function in State Department Ira8 sanctions State Department; Deputy Director, Central American Affairs 199221993 Congressional interest US Politics Nicaragua aid programs Contras Sandinistas Chamorro The Somozas Guatemala Country issues Land mine removal anagua, Nicaragua; Deputy Chief of ission 199321998 Chamorro government Ortega brothers Elections 3 European aid program Sandinista Party AID President Aleman Economy State Department; Regional Affairs, WHA Bureau 199821999 Embassy function revie, Counter2narcotics Center For,ard Operating Location 7FOL9 Panama Panama City, Panama; Deputy Chief of ission 199922112 Canal operations Environment Relations US ilitary Panamanian sovereignty issue Canal handover Panama Canal Commission Canal defense Operation :ust Cause Colombia Panama Canal Authority 9/11 US2Panama relationship Alien smuggling Terrorist connections The Pentagon; Political2 ilitary Affairs 211222113 State2Defense differences US troop realignment Civilian leadership controversy Ira8 ,ar Pentagon resistance Turkish elections Rumsfeld Colin Po,ell Retirement 2113 INTERVIEW 3 $: Today is the 16th of November, 2004. This is an interview with Frederic) A. Bec)er, that+s B,E,C,K,E,., you o by Ric), is that correct/ BECDER: Ees. $: This is bein done on behalf of the Association of Diplomatic Studies and Trainin and I+m Charles Stuart Kennedy. All ri ht, well, Ric), let+s )ind of start at the be innin . Could you tell me when and where you were born and then we+ll tal) a bit about your parents. BECDER: I ,as born in 1933 in St. Louis, issouri, and lived there until I ,as nine years old. The family relocated to California, as so many other families did in the post2 World War II period, and ,e settled in the San Francisco Bay Area. $: 0)ay. 1ell, let+s start and tell me about the Bec)er side of the family, your father+s side of the family, where they came from. BECDER: y father ,as the first U.S.2born generation of Beckers. His parents, a :e,ish family, emigrated from Poland. y grandfather ,as a great storyteller, ,ho elaborated on his o,n stories. One could never tell ,hich version ,as closest to the truth. He claimed he ,as conscripted into the czarist army for 25 years. He sa, an opportunity to escape this sentence by bribing a border guard. oving ,est, he settled in St. Louis ,here a relative had previously migrated. $: 1hat sort of wor) or business was he in/ BECDER: y earliest recollection ,as that he ran a :e,ish delicatessen in do,nto,n St. Louis. He and my grandmother ,orked side2by2side behind the counter. When my grandfather first arrived in St. Louis, he had gone to ,ork in the then2thriving shoe manufacturing industry, putting in 12213 hour days and studying English at night. During the Depression he ran an ice cream shop, ,here my father and his sister claimed they ate up most of the profits. When the family moved to California in 1952 my grandfather follo,ed and opened up a restaurant in San Francisco. He ,as a delicatesseneer, a restaurateur if you ,ill. His San Francisco restaurantFs claim to fame ,as that it ,as a favorite of the jazz musicians ,ho played the Black Ha,k night club do,n the street. The Black Ha,k ,as a famous jazz spot in San Francisco during the 31Fs and 51Fs. So artists like Cal Tjader, Dave Brubeck, Stan Getz, Louis Bellson, ,ould pop in for a meal after their last set, around midnight. It ,as past my bedtime, so I never had the chance to meet these celebrities. $: 1here did his wife come from, your grandmother/ BECDER: They came from the same Polish to,n, called Radom, ,hich IFm told ,as predominantly :e,ish. Although my grandparents and their immediate family immigrated to the States before World War I, most of their relatives stayed in Europe and eventually became victims of the Holocaust. Pockets of Beckers settled in ontreal, Canada and 5 South Africa. I never had any contact ,ith them, but this is all part of my grandfatherFs history of his o,n family. $: How about your father, where did he grow up/ BECDER: y father gre, up in St. Louis. He ,as the first college educated member of his family. He first ,ent to the University of issouri, ,here he met my mother, and later attended la, school at Washington University in St. Louis. When World War II broke out, he made the rounds of the armed services seeking to join up, but ,as deemed medically unable to serve. During the ,ar he ,orked as a la,yer for Curtiss2Wright, an aircraft company ,ith government contracts. The contracts terminated after the ,ar ended, and my father then ,ent to ,ork as a manager in his father2in2la,Fs clothing business. He resumed the practice of la, later in life, after ,e relocated to California. $: 1ell, now, on your mother+s side, where did her family come from/ BECDER: Her family came from the Ukraine, then also part of the Russian empire. They too had their tales. y maternal grandparents kne, each other as youths and immigrated to the States prior to World War I. They settled initially in Ne, Eork City, ,here my mother ,as born. y maternal grandmother ,as one of 11 children and my paternal grandmother ,as one of seven children, so I have a large e-tended family. $: 0h boy. BECDER: ost of my maternal grandparentsF relatives eventually settled in St. Louis. y grandfather told tales of having been trained as a ,atchmaker, but as a youth in Russia turned to anarchism. He apparently got into several scrapes because of bombs he said he made about the time of the 1915 Revolution. Of course, ,hen he came to the United States, he had the 8ualities that made him a moderately successful capitalist. $: 1hat sort of business was he in/ BECDER: At the time I ,as born, he o,ned and operated a ,omanFs sports,ear factory in St. Louis, manufacturing ,omenFs suits and dresses. y father ,orked for his company for a time. $: How did your mother and father meet/ BECDER: They met at the University of issouri, ,here they ,ere both studying. She also ,as the first college educated member on her side of the family. She transferred to Washington University in St. Louis to study social ,ork, and my father follo,ed. They had an e-tended engagement by todayFs standards, si- or seven years, before they married in 1931. $: 3ood 3od. 6 $: How Jewish was your family/ I mean by the time they got down to your immediate family. BECDER: They observed all the holidays, attended Sabbath services every Friday night, ,ere socially active in their synagogue, and insisted that I have a HproperI :e,ish education. Ho,ever, as members of the conservative branch of :udaism, they did not keep kosher at home and the familyFs :udaism ,as probably more cultural and customary than religious. Neither spoke Eiddish, as did all my grandparents. $: How far did that penetrate down to you/ Did you have any brothers or sisters/ BECDER: I have a sister; sheFs a couple of years younger than I am. As far as I ,as concerned, religion didnFt penetrate very far. I opted out right after I ,as Bar itzvah at the age of 13 and have not had second thoughts. y sister, ho,ever, never lost her :e,ish bearings, ,hich actually intensified after college. She married t,ice, both times to non2:e,s, but has remained very active in her synagogue throughout her adult life. She lives in Northern California. $: 1ell, then, you were about nine years or so when you moved/ BECDER: Ees. $: Northern California, you mean San Francisco/ BECDER: On the San Francisco Peninsula, south of the City. I believe my father ,as attracted to California as a land of opportunity and as a social antithesis to the life he led in the very conservative id,estern city ,here he ,as raised.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Rare Phone Call from One President to Another - Not Even Past
    A Rare Phone Call from One President to Another - Not Even Past BOOKS FILMS & MEDIA THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN BLOG TEXAS OUR/STORIES STUDENTS ABOUT 15 MINUTE HISTORY "The past is never dead. It's not even past." William Faulkner NOT EVEN PAST Tweet 2 Like THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN A Rare Phone Call from One President to Another Making History: Houston’s “Spirit of the by Jonathan C. Brown Confederacy” “Señor Presidente,” Lyndon Baines Johnson said via a long-distance telephone call from the Oval Office. “We are very sorry over the violence which you have had down there but gratified that you have appealed to the Panamanian people to remain calm.” President Johnson often talked politics on the phone but seldom with foreign leaders. Johnson, who had just succeeded to the presidency of the world’s most powerful country, was speaking to the head of state of one of the smaller nations of the Western Hemisphere. The call marked the only time that Johnson spoke to a Latin American counterpart by telephone during his presidency—a fact that demonstrates how serious he considered the situation. This unique president-to-president phone conversation occurred on January 10, 1964, following the first full May 06, 2020 day of riots by Panamanian youths along the fence line between Panama City and the U.S. occupied Canal Zone. It was the first foreign crisis of the Johnson presidency. Johnson’s call was translated by a More from The Public Historian Spanish-speaking U.S. Army colonel, transcribed by the White House staff, and preserved in the archives of the LBJ Presidential Library and Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW November 2, 1956 Zonians by Thousands Will Go to Polls on Tuesday to Elect Civic Councilmen
    if the Panama Canal Museum Vol. 7, No. 4 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, NOVEMBER 2, 1956 5 cents ANNIVERSARY PROGRAM TO BE HELD NOVEMBER 15 TO CELEBRATE FIFTIETH BIRTHDAY OF TITC TIVOLI Detailed plans are nearing completion for a community mid-centennial celebra- tion, to be held November 15, commem- orating the fiftieth anniversary of the opening of the Tivoli Guest House. Arrangements for the celebration are in the hands of a committee headed by P. S. Thornton, General Manager of the Serv- ice Center Division, who was manager of the Tivoli for many years. As the plans stand at present, the cele- bration will take the form of a pageant to be staged in the great ballroom of the old hotel. Scenes of the pageant will de- pict outstanding events in the history of the building which received its first guests when President Theodore Roosevelt paid his unprecedented visit to the Isthmus November 14-17, 1906. Arrangements for the pageant and the music which will accompany it are being made by Victor, H. Herr and Donald E. Musselman, both from the faculty of Balboa High School. They are working with Mrs. C. S. McCormack, founder and first president cf the Isthmian Historical Society, who is providing them with the historical background for the pageant. Fred DeV. Sill, well-known retired em- ployee, is in charge of the speeches and introductions of the various incidents in HEADING THIS YEAR'S Community Chest Campaign are Lt. Gov. H. W. Schull, Jr., right, and the pageant. H. J. Chase, manager of the Arnold H.
    [Show full text]
  • Gringos Go Home
    Gringos Go Home By Olivia Hengelbrok John Findley Wallace. Two years into the project there were over 24,000 men working on the canal, but the numbers didn’t stop growing. Within five years the number swelled to 45,000 workers. There were workers from USA, Panama, Asia, West Indies and Europe. Though Jamaican workers refused to join the workforce after their disastrous experience with the French. In result, recruters hired President Theodore Roosevelt workers from the island of Barbados. authorizing the start of the West – Indian workers were cheaper construction of the canal. than American or European labor and by the end of the year, 20% of Starting it off the canal workers were Barbadian. The American construction of the Panama Canal is a historic event that took place in the beginning of the 1900’s. The decision to take over the canal from the French was made by US President, Theodore Roosevelt in 1901. His goal was to create a cheaper, easier, and faster way from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, after the French failed at the same task. A few weeks after Panama declared independence from Columbia, The Thousands of men working Hay Bunau Varilla Treaty was audaciously on the Panama Canal. signed. This officially gave the United State’s government control over the canal. Life in the Zone The American workers also brought Make the Dirt Fly along their families. Thousands of On March 3rd, 1903 American Zonian families1 lived in the 5-mile workers arrived in Panama to begin strip on either side of the canal, their task.
    [Show full text]
  • English, Economic Diversity and National Identity in Panama
    Linking Oceans: English, Economic Diversity and National Identity in Panama GEORGE PAKOZDI University of Toronto [email protected] 1.1 Introduction PANAMA’S UNIQUE HISTORY AND RELATIONSHIP WITH THE UNITED STATES GIVES IT A UNIQUE ENGLISH LANGUAGE SITUATION—since at least the late 19th century English has been a prestige language, the language of business and international trade and yet for much of this time, Panamanian national identity was largely based around a deliberate rejection of the use of English in public life. The struggle for a unique Panamanian identity had the unfortunate side effect of ignoring the country’s multicultural reality and discriminating against ethnic, racial and linguistic minorities. Though progress has been made, these problems have unfortunately not been sufficiently amended. In the past two decades, American influence in Panama has largely receded. Since the American invasion and removal in 1989 of caudillo (strongman) Manuel Noriega, whom had initially been supported by but later ran afoul of the American administration, Panama has enjoyed free, internationally monitored elections. No longer are its leaders viewed as mere American puppets. As a consequence of this diminished influence, English has been freed of much of its earlier stigma; it is more widely taught and spoken than ever, and critical to the country’s finance-, trade- and tourism-based economy. A report published by the British Council in 2000 identifies Panama as a country in transition from EFL to L2 status (Graddol 2000, 11). Most post-secondary education in Panama is conducted in English. As Steven Humphries has found, Panamanian university and English-language instruction students expect studying in English to help them access wealth, prestige and power (Humphries 2005, 79).
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Jeffrey Wayne Parker 2013
    Copyright by Jeffrey Wayne Parker 2013 The Dissertation Committee for Jeffrey Wayne Parker Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Empire’s Angst: The Politics of Race, Migration, and Sex Work in Panama, 1903-1945 Committee: Frank A. Guridy, Supervisor Philippa Levine Minkah Makalani John Mckiernan-González Ann Twinam Empire’s Angst: The Politics of Race, Migration, and Sex Work in Panama, 1903-1945 by Jeffrey Wayne Parker, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2013 Dedication To Naoko, my love. Acknowledgements I have benefitted greatly from a wide ensemble of people who have made this dissertation possible. First, I am deeply grateful to my adviser, Frank Guridy, who over many years of graduate school consistently provided unwavering support, needed guidance, and inspiration. In addition to serving as a model historian and mentor, he also read countless drafts, provided thoughtful insights, and pushed me on key questions and concepts. I also owe a major debt of gratitude to another incredibly gifted mentor, Ann Twinam, for her stalwart support, careful editing, and advice throughout almost every stage of this project. Her diligent commitment to young scholars immeasurably improved my own writing abilities and professional development as a scholar. John Mckiernan-González was also an enthusiastic advocate of this project who always provided new insights into how to make it better. Philippa Levine and Minkah Makalani also carefully read the dissertation, provided constructive insights, edited chapters, and encouraged me to develop key aspects of the project.
    [Show full text]
  • Course Syllabus: Minority Groups
    1 Course Syllabus: Minority Groups Mark Swiencicki, Ph.D. Office: Room 557, 5th floor, BCC); Ph: 510-981-2916; Sociology 5 (20530) Office Hours in Rm. 557: Mon. 4:20-5:20 pm; Wed. 12:20-1:20 pm; Tues 4:50- 5:50 pm; Digital/Online Office Hour: Thurs 11-12 pm; & 1 hour by appointment. Spring 2019 3 Credits Email address: [email protected] Satisfies: IGETC & CSU-GE breadth requirements for transfer to UCs/CSUs; UC Berkeley’s American Cultures Requirement, and the major requirements for BCC Sociology AA-T to CSU. Meeting Time/Place: Mon. and Weds: 3 - 4:15 pm, BCC 015 . Why take “Minority Groups”? Aside from the English, every group of U.S. immigrants has experienced some degree of exclusion or discrimination that temporarily (or permanently) transformed them into “minorities”. This course examines the ethnic experiences of those groups (and various religious, racial, gender and sexual minorities) to see how their experiences have shaped and changed U.S. society. Students who take this course should gain a much better understanding of why various minority groups act as they do, allowing you to live and work more effectively in a multicultural environment. Course Description: This course analyzes the social histories, socio-economic conditions, and current challenges confronting various racial, ethnic, sexual, gender, and other minority groups in the U.S.. Various competing theoretical frameworks are utilized, and the general principles of dominant-minority group relations are examined. The politics and social construction of “race” in the U.S. is also studied, focusing on how the Jews and the Irish became “white” over time, and why some social groups adopt a racial identity, while others adopt an ethnic identity.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW May 3, 1957 1 - Qq, 0.0 -(3 Ad Hoc Committee Makes Initial Review
    Vol. 7, No. 10 BALflOA HEIGHTS, tANAL ZONE, MAY 3, 1957 5 cents Gift ofthe Panama ^ CanalMuseum Once through the turbines, the water is spilled. Since water passing through the Madden Hydroelectric station goes into the Chagres River and then to Gatun Lake, where it can be used to lock ships through the Canal, the water used there was not lost. But at Gatun the water which generates electric power is spilled to sea and is of no further use. During the rainy season and during a normal dry season there is rainfall enough to supply the water consumed from Mad- den and Gatun Lakes for power genera- tion. This year, however, the area above Madden Dam was the driest since the Dam was built during the mid-1930's. March and the first two weeks of April were practically rainless, except for a few scattered showers. Of 13 rainfall stations reporting, nine received no measui'able rain in March. This meant that the amount left over for electric generation, after the record number of ships had been locked up and down, was lower than at any time since 1948 when there was also a protracted dry season, but without this year's heavy lockage load. The only answer to the water problem Protracted drought and heavy lockages were a drain on Canal Zone water supply was to stop hydroelectric generation but there was still plenty of water for young Isthmians, and older ones, as well. where large amounts of water are used; that meant that the Gatun plant would Zone Use Of Water Soars practically stop its operations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Review 3 Tion
    UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from University of Florida, George A. Smathers Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/panamacanalrevie132pana C C/iTlLL<Jt Vol. 13, No. i September 7, 1962 I &tevenA L/ircb Editors Robert J. Fleming, Jr., Governor-President Publications i^^S Joseph Connor and Guillermo Rodolfo Yaldes W. P. Leber, Lieutenant Governor Official Panama Canal Company Publication Editorial Assistants Will Arey Published monthly at Balboa Heights, C.Z. Eunice Richard, Tobi Bittel, and Tomas A. Cupas Panama Canal Information Officer Printed at the Printing Plant, Mount Hope, C.Z. On sale at all Panama Canal Service Centers. Retail Stores, and the Tivoli Guest House for 10 days after publication date at 5 cents each. Subscriptions, $1 a year; mall and back copies, 10 cents each. Postal money orders made payable to the Panama Canal Company should be mailed to Box M, Balboa Heights, C.Z. Editorial Offices are located in the Administration Building. Balboa Heights. C.Z. WITH NO APOLOGIES to Time Magazine, The Review is proud to point to articles in this issue from our Index correspondents in the United States and Moscow. Former Review Editor Eleanor Mcllhenny wrote the feature story beginning on page 10 about retired Zonians and what they are doing. With husband Ted, who was a veteran electrical engineer in the Design Engineer's Office, Eleanor traveled extensively in preparing the article about seven well-known Zonians. The Mcllhenny's retired in September 1960. In forwarding the article, Eleanor wrote that she and Ted have finally decided to settle down, probably in the Cleveland, Ohio, area, and "we'll send an address along later." Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Groups and Library of Congress Subject Headings
    Ethnic Groups and Library of Congress Subject Headings Jeffre INTRODUCTION tricks for success in doing African studies research3. One of the challenges of studying ethnic Several sections of the article touch on subject head- groups is the abundant and changing terminology as- ings related to African studies. sociated with these groups and their study. This arti- Sanford Berman authored at least two works cle explains the Library of Congress subject headings about Library of Congress subject headings for ethnic (LCSH) that relate to ethnic groups, ethnology, and groups. His contentious 1991 article Things are ethnic diversity and how they are used in libraries. A seldom what they seem: Finding multicultural materi- database that uses a controlled vocabulary, such as als in library catalogs4 describes what he viewed as LCSH, can be invaluable when doing research on LCSH shortcomings at that time that related to ethnic ethnic groups, because it can help searchers conduct groups and to other aspects of multiculturalism. searches that are precise and comprehensive. Interestingly, this article notes an inequity in the use Keyword searching is an ineffective way of of the term God in subject headings. When referring conducting ethnic studies research because so many to the Christian God, there was no qualification by individual ethnic groups are known by so many differ- religion after the term. but for other religions there ent names. Take the Mohawk lndians for example. was. For example the heading God-History of They are also known as the Canienga Indians, the doctrines is a heading for Christian works, and God Caughnawaga Indians, the Kaniakehaka Indians, (Judaism)-History of doctrines for works on Juda- the Mohaqu Indians, the Saint Regis Indians, and ism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Panama Canal Review
    95f-[-;i/*C*} .HE Gift ofthe Panama Canal Museum /L*&g*j[I^ Vol. 6, No. 10 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE MAY 4, 1956 5 cents CANAL EMPLOYEES ARE EXTREMELY COMPETENT AND COOPERATIVE GROUP SAYS GOVERNOR SEYBOLD Superior Award Winners Chief Executive And (See story on new Incentive awards on Page 4) Wife To Say Farewell To Canal Zone May 19 "I am sincerely proud to have been associated with the employees of the Pan- ama Canal organization." This quotation succinctly phrases the sentiments expressed by Governor John States Seybold in a special farewell mes- sage to Canal employees on the eve of the completion of his four-year term as the administrative head of the Panama Canal Company and Canal Zone Gov- ernment. The Governor's term of office has covered a critical four-year period in the 52-year-old enterprise of the United States Government. A brief review of this eventful period and his administra- tion is carried on pages 10 and 11 of this issue of The Panama Canal Review. Expressing his admiration for the com- petence and cooperativeness of employees in the organization, Governor Seybold issued the following message to them: "I should like to note briefly but sin- cerely my high regard for the employees of the Panama Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government. The transition reorganization a SEVEN COMPANY-GOVERNMENT employees were the first to receive Superior Award citations period since the has been under the new extension of the Incentive Awards program approved last month and announced in trying one for them.
    [Show full text]
  • Hansen, Ruth E
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project RUTH E. HANSEN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: June 21, 2004 Copyright 2005 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in Chicago, IL area Wheaton College; Georgetown University Staff of Congressman Maillard USAID Congressional liaison Entered Foreign Service 1973 Santa Domingo, Dominican Republic, 1974-1975 Security Visa fraud Environment Haiti Marriage State Department, Current Intelligence Staff 1975-1976 Poznan, Poland; Spouse of Embassy Officer 1976 Environment Panama City, Panama; Political Officer 1977-1980 Political issues Human Rights Canal Treaty “Zonians” Compasinos Torrijo State Department; FSI, Economic Training 1980 State Department; East-West Trade Office 1980-1981 COCOM 1 Maternal Leave of Absence 1981-1982 State Department, Benelux Desk Officer 1983-1985 NATO Missile development State Department, FSI; Serbo-Croation study Belgrade, Yugoslavia; Political Officer 1986-1990 Environment Economy Kosovo Human Rights Albania Milosevic Joseph Brodsky visit Congressional visits Government Foreign Relations Violence State Department; Romania desk officer 1990-1993 Middle East State Department; Bulgaria language study 1993-1994 Sofia, Bulgaria; Political/Economic counselor 1994-1997 Socialist Party Politics Environment Economy Soviet Union US policy Relations with neighbors Socialists USAID Elections Southeast Europe Cooperative South Balkan Development Initiative US Embassy Nuclear power American College of Sofia National War College; student 1997-1998 State Department; Dep.Director, Peacekeeping 1998-2000 2 And Humanitarian Affairs Iraq: Oil for Food UN Peacekeeping Missions Macedonia Iraq Sanctions Rebuilding Iraq State Department; Bureau of International Narcotics 2000-2002 And Law Enforcement Programs Police Missions Drug trade Latin America Terrorism financing State Department; Office of Coordination for US 2002-2004 Assistance to Europe & Eurasia Retirement 2004 INTERVIEW Q: Today June 21, 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Property Restitution in Central and Eastern Europe: the State of Affairs for American Claimants
    PROPERTY RESTITUTION IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE STATE OF AFFAIRS FOR AMERICAN CLAIMANTS HEARING BEFORE THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JULY 16, 2002 Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe [CSCE 10727] Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.csce.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2003 84901.PDF For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: (202) 5121800 Fax: (202) 5122250 Mail Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 204020001 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS HOUSE SENATE CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado Co-Chairman Chairman FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas ZACH WAMP, Tennessee GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon ROBERT B. ADERHOLT, Alabama GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio STENY H. HOYER, Maryland CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland BOB GRAHAM, Florida LOUISE MCINTOSH SLAUGHTER, New York RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin ALCEE L. HASTINGS, Florida HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON, New York EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS LORNE W. CRANER, Department of State JACK DYER CROUCH II, Department of Defense WILLIAM HENRY LASH III, Department of Commerce (ii) PROPERTY RESTITUTION IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: THE STATE OF AFFAIRS FOR AMERICAN CLAIMANTS TUESDAY, JULY 16, 2002 COMMISSIONERS PAGE Hon. Christopher H. Smith, Co-Chairman ..................................................... 1 Hon. Joseph R. Pitts, Commissioner ............................................................... 3 Hon. Benjamin L. Cardin, Commissioner ...................................................... 3 Hon. Joseph Crowley, Member of Congress .................................................... 5 Hon. Hillary Rodham Clinton, Commissioner ............................................. 11 WITNESSES Randolph M.
    [Show full text]